Open Veterinary Journal最新文献

{"title":"Morphological examination of the normal kidney and urinary bladder in goats (<i>Capra hircus</i>) using anatomical sections and computed tomography.","authors":"Mohamed Aref, Walaa O M Youssef, Ahmed Abdelbaset-Ismail, Gamal A Salem, Mohamed A Nassan, Esraa Elsheikh","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i2.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i2.31","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cross-sectional imaging is set to become the standard method for diagnosing various pathological conditions of the urinary tract in goats, and the concept for this atlas originated from this understanding. Until now, there has not been a comprehensive comparative atlas detailing the structures of the urinary tract in goats and their relationships with other organs.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The main aim and objective of this study was to compare anatomically frozen cross-sections and detailed computed tomography (CT) images of the urinary tract, which may be used to diagnose urinary abnormalities and affections in goats.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eight healthy adult goats (<i>Capra hircus</i>) of both sexes were collected for anatomical and diagnostic examinations; average age: 15-25 ± 0.52 months and average weight: 25-35 ± 0.42 kg. The study focused on the pelvic and abdominal cavities, along with their contents and relationship with urinary organs. The examination included the analysis of bony and soft tissues using median, sagittal, and cross-anatomical sections. Subsequently, the specimens were subjected to diagnostic screening by CT.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found that both kidneys were readily distinguishable in both anatomical and CT scans as spherical to bean-shaped, but in the CT scan, the kidneys exhibited hypoechoic features with an anechoic hilus, and there was no sharp demarcation between the cortex and medulla, although the cortex was slightly denser than the medulla. In the dorsal-plane CT scan, the right ureter was positioned dorsally adjacent to the caudal vena cava, extending toward the urinary bladder. The egress of the left ureter from the left renal hilus was observed in the transverse CT image. On transverse- and dorsal plane CT, the urinary bladder may be identified at the sacrum level on the pelvic floor, located beneath the uterus and rectum. A dorsal-plane CT scan revealed the presence of the urethra exiting the urine bladder in a caudal direction.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The cross-sectional layout of CT images enables both students and clinicians to observe the anatomical connections and features of the goat urinary tract, which might not be easily seen through dissection alone. Furthermore, this atlas could serve as a helpful resource for study and clinical reference to enhance the understanding of goat urinary tract anatomy, which can ultimately help address pathological conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 2","pages":"820-826"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11974314/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143812045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitigating Cadmium Toxicity: Role of Caffeine in the Reduction of Oxidative Stress.","authors":"Ahmed Aljazzar","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i2.42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i2.42","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cadmium (Cd) is a common environmental pollutant that causes severe health issues. Many studies have proposed antioxidant foods to combat Cd toxicity. One such antioxidant agent is caffeine, and hence, this study investigated its effects.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To investigate the effect of caffeine as an antioxidant agent against Cd toxicity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twelve male albino mice were divided into three groups of four: Group 1: Administered 1 ml of saline orally for 7 days and injected with 1 ml of saline subcutaneously (S/C) on the eighth day. Group 2: Patients were orally administered 1 ml of saline for 7 days and injected with 1-ml of cadmium chloride (CdCl2) S/C on the eighth day. Group 3: Administered 1 ml of caffeine orally for seven days and injected with CdCl2 S/C on the eighth day.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results showed that caffeine can reduce Cd-induced testicular hemorrhage, lung injury, and kidney injury. Additionally, caffeine was found to significantly reduce the Cd-induced inflammatory response in lung-associated lymphoid tissue.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest that the daily intake of caffeine could protect against Cd toxicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 2","pages":"931-938"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11974268/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143811956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and risk factors of mastitis in Guranteng Dairy Farm, Tasikmalaya, Indonesia.","authors":"Raida Raisatulhaq, Trianing Tyas Kusuma Anggaeni, Didin Supriat Tasripin","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i2.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i2.27","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Statistics indicate that fresh dairy product consumption in Indonesia will increase to 3.82 kg per capita by 2030. To meet the increased public demand for milk, dairy farmers must enhance their milk production and prioritize milk quality to ensure adequate nutrition for the public. Mastitis is a factor contributing to the low production and quality of milk. Mastitis is an inflammation of the udder that can be caused by infection.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors of mastitis in dairy cows at Guranteng Dairy Farm, Tasikmalaya, Indonesia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This research was a cross-sectional study. The study was conducted on 45 lactating cows and 45 dairy farmers. Data were collected through direct observation and farmer interviews. Mastitis status was assessed using the California Mastitis Test and visual inspection of cow udders. Risk factors were further explored through interviews with the farmers. The statistical analysis was performed using chi-square and logistic regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of mastitis in dairy cows in Guranteng reached 47%, 20% clinical mastitis, and 27% subclinical mastitis. The risk factors significantly correlated with mastitis at Guranteng Dairy Farm were age, stage of lactation, parity, udder position, udder washing before milking, washing hands before milking, cleanliness of milker's nails, and cleanliness of milker's clothing.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Farmers are encouraged to implement targeted education programs on preventing mastitis in dairy cows, enforcing proper milking sanitation procedures, and integrating regular udder health monitoring into farm management practices, thereby enabling them to achieve milk production rates and contributing to maintaining food safety and security.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 2","pages":"785-794"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11974289/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143812103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pulsed-wave Doppler echocardiographic and hematobiochemical profiles of clinically healthy racing dromedary camels.","authors":"Ahmed Al-Montaser El-Sayed, Ahmed Adel El-Sayed, Mohamed E Ali, Attia Eissa, Ahmed Ragab Askar, Sabry Mousa","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i2.48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i2.48","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pulsed-wave Doppler echocardiography (PWDE) is a practical, noninvasive imaging assessment method that has been used to reveal details about the characteristics, direction, timing, and velocity of blood flow of the heart under both healthy and diseased conditions.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The purpose of this study was to investigate normal heart imaging and chamber measurements, hematobiochemical profile, and PWDE in racing camels.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To accomplish this, blood samples, PWDE, and echocardiograms were obtained from 20 healthy racing camels aged 14-20 years and weighing 500-650 kg.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Red blood cell (RBCs), hemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and white blood cell (WBCs) were recorded along with their mean values (11.4 (×106), 12.8 (gm/dl), 32.1%, 28.3 (fl), 14.1 (×103), respectively. The mean values of calcium (13 mg/dl), phosphorus (3.9 mg/dl), sodium (194.2 mmol/l), potassium (5.5 mmol/l), alanine transaminase (ALT) (26.6 U/l), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (95 U/l), and cardiac troponin I (cTnI) (0.3 ng/ml). The interventricular septum, atria, and ventricles were viewed in a caudal long-axis four-chamber view in the 4th or 5th intercostal space (ICS) on both sides. The right ventricle, left ventricle, and interventricular septum were evident in the short-axis image of the cardiac ventricles acquired in the fourth ICS. The M mode was used to obtain cardiac measurements from every camel. Using the PWD at the left parasternal longitudinal axis, the mitral valve (Mv), tricuspid valve (Tv), and maximum aortic valve velocity were determined in all camels. The right panel is the pulmonary valve.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings showed that adult racing camels have normal heart dimensions and can acquire high-quality echocardiograms and PWDE. This study can serve as a reference for future research on racing camels with heart diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 2","pages":"994-1008"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11974305/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143812105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the potential protective and anti-inflammatory effects of the crude ethanolic extract of <i>Annona squamosa Linn</i> fruit against Ethanol-mediated gastric erosion.","authors":"Hanadi J Al-Zubaidi, Mohammed T Mohammed, Aoula Al-Zebeeby, Azhar A Alkaby, Wurood Razzaq Hassan","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i2.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i2.28","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Annona squamosa L.</i> is a medically important fruit that belongs to the family Annonaceae and has many medical benefits, including antiulcer effects.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The present study explored the potential protection and anti-inflammatory effects of the crude ethanolic extract of <i>Annona squamosa L.</i> (EEA) against ethanol-mediated peptic sever erosion using a rodent model in comparison with a synthetic compound broadly used in clinics to tackle peptic disturbances, known as Omeprazole.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To do that, twenty-four both sex Wistar rats were assigned into four groups (six rats per group), namely control negative (C-) and control positive (C+) both received normal saline, Omeprazole (OM) administered OM at a dose of 20 mg/kg of body, and crude EEA received the extract at a dose of 200 mg/kg for two weeks. All groups except the C- group received absolute ethanol at a dose of 5 ml/kg of body weight for 1 hour. After euthanization, the gross ulcer index and protection ratio results exhibited a good percentage of protection in the EEA group compared with the C+ and OM groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>These results were correlated with histopathological examination, which indicated that the gastric lesion of the EEA showed erosion in the pits area and isthmus, including destruction of parietal cells, whereas the gastric lesion of the C+ group showed severe necrosis of epithelial cells of the gastric mucosa, resulting in the absence of all mucosal layers of the affected area. In addition, the results revealed the anti-inflammatory properties of EEA through its ability to control the regulation of TNF-α and IL-1α. Both proteins were downregulated in response to the presence of EEA. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first study to detect high IL-1α in ethanol-induced severe gastric erosion. These results suggested that EEA exhibited protective and anti-inflammatory effects against ethanol-mediated gastric erosion.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 2","pages":"795-803"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11974273/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143811808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The mechanism underlying streptozotocin injection for the development of a nontransgenic Alzheimer's disease animal model.","authors":"Nurina Titisari, Hafandi Ahmad, Nurdiana Samsulrizal, Ahmad Fauzi, Intan Shameha Abdul Razak","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i2.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i2.8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Streptozotocin (STZ) is a widely used chemical agent in biomedical research. It is primarily known for its ability to induce high blood glucose levels in animal models by selectively destroying pancreatic beta cells. Nonetheless, many studies have also used STZ to generate animal models of diabetic complications, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) animal models. STZ induction promotes hyperglycemia, which activates numerous mechanism pathways that result in the production of pathogenic AD characteristics, including beta-amyloid accumulation and neurofibrillary tangles. Numerous theories exist to elucidate the mechanisms underlying diabetes and AD; however, studies on the potential of an animal model of STZ-induced AD remain limited. Thus, this review summarizes the pathogenesis associated with STZ exposure, particularly in AD animal model studies related to diabetes. More specifically, this study will discuss the relationship between increased blood glucose levels after STZ injection and the process of beta-amyloid formation and insulin dysfunction in the brain.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 2","pages":"594-600"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11974322/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143811685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial activity of cranberry juice (<i>Vaccinium macrocarpon</i> L.) ethanol extract against uropathogenic bacteria.","authors":"Hayder Kamil Jabbar Al Kaabi, Baheeja A Hmood","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i2.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i2.30","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cranberry fruit (<i>Vaccinium macrocarpon</i> L) contains a mixture of phytochemicals such as flavonoids which consist of flavonoids, anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins, catechins, phenolic acids, and triterpenoids, all of which have possible antimicrobial (antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral) activity.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to determine the antibacterial effect of the ethanol extract of cranberry juice (CJ) against uropathogen commonly found in urinary tract infections (UTIs) associated with pregnancy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cranberry fruits were purchased from local markets and juiced, filtered, and dried. The dried powder was extracted with 70% ethanol for 8-10 days. The bacterial isolates used in this study [<i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Proteus vulgaris</i>, <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Enterococcus</i> sp., and coagulase-negative <i>Staphylococci</i> (CNS)] were collected from the Maternity and Children Hospital in Al-Diwaniyah City, Iraq. The antibacterial activity of the ethanol extract of CJ was measured using a standard Disc diffusion method. Sterile paper discs were soaked in 20 µl of different concentrations (12.5, 25, 50, and 100 mg/ml) of the extract, placed in Mueller-Hinton agar plates, and inoculated with bacterial cultures adjusted to 0.5 McFarland standards. Amoxicillin (30 µg) was used as a positive control, and 70% ethanol was used as a negative control.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The ethanol solution of CJ displayed a significant (<i>p</i> < 0.05) inhibitory activity against all tested bacteria. The CNS showed the highest sensitivity with 100% inhibition, followed by <i>S. aureus</i> (90%), <i>Enterococcus</i> sp. (85%), <i>P. vulgaris</i> (75%), and <i>E. coli</i> (60%). The effect was dose dependent, as increasing the extract concentration resulted in broader inhibition zones.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results show that the ethanol extract of CJ has potent antibacterial activity against uropathogenic bacteria, suggesting a possible role for CJ ethanol extract in treating UTIs when combined with recently emerging facts about increasing antibiotic resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 2","pages":"813-819"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11974282/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143811928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lumpy skin disease: A growing threat to the global livestock industry.","authors":"Nanik Hidayatik, Aswin Rafif Khairullah, M Gandul Atik Yuliani, Eka Pramyrtha Hestianah, Arindita Niatazya Novianti, Arindita Niatazya Damayanti, Mirza Atikah Madarina Hisyam, Ikechukwu Benjamin Moses, Riza Zainuddin Ahmad, Bantari Wisynu Kusuma Wardhani, Syahputra Wibowo, Dea Anita Ariani Kurniasih","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i2.5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) is an infectious disease in cattle caused by the Lumpy Skin Disease Virus by the Poxviridae family. Historically, LSD was first documented in Northern Rhodesia (now Zambia) in 1929 as a symptom of bug bite poisoning or hypersensitivity, described as pseudo-urticaria. This disease, which causes widespread malaise and persistent weakness, is a serious, economically devastating, and reportable condition that lowers cattle output. The illness starts as a biphasic fever. After fever, emaciation, ocular discharge, and agalactia, the clinical signs of a minor infection develop as one or two nodular lumps appear 2-3 days later. In particular, the skin of the muzzle, back, nostrils, legs, scrotum, eyelids, lower ears, nasal, perineum, oral mucosa, and tail display painful, hyperemic, nodular lesions. A number of diagnostic methods, such as virus isolation in cell culture, transmission electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry, direct and indirect fluorescent antibody testing, agar gel immunodiffusion, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, western blotting, and serum neutralization test (SNT), are used to confirm the clinical diagnosis. This disease is spread by arthropods such as flies, mosquitoes, and ticks. It is most common during the rainy season, when there is a high number of biting insects, and it declines during the dry season. LSD has direct and indirect economic impacts on livestock and the industry. Since there is no effective antiviral medication to treat LSD, the only viable method of disease containment is vaccination.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 2","pages":"541-555"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11974308/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143811953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Case fatality rate of zoonotic SARS.CoV2 and associated risk factors in the Libyan population.","authors":"Hafsa A Alemam, Abdusalam Sharef Mahmoud, Mouna A Abdunnabi, Ahlam Masaud Ellafi, Abdurrezagh A Elfahem, Khaled M Ibrahim, Salah Edin El Meshri, Adam Elzghied","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i2.37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i2.37","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Infectious zoonotic viral respiratory diseases have dramatically emerged and reemerged globally, with high socioeconomic and public health impacts. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak was first reported in China as a transmissible disease among animals and humans with great universal public concern. Later, it slipped across the world as a pandemic with a high significant case fatality rate (CFR).</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study was conducted to estimate the CFR and potentially associated risk factors among animals and the Libyan population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort study assessed the CFR of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and investigated the potentially associated risk factors (socio-demographic data, animal reservoir, household characteristics, and health status) among the Libyan population from July 2020 to January 2021. A total of 3,000 respiratory specimens (nasopharyngeal swabs) were screened by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction to detect SARS-CoV-2. Descriptive analyses, frequency, and percentage were measured for numerical data and numbers, and rate for qualitative data. The level of the association among variables at the significance level (<i>p</i> < 0.05) was investigated using SPSS version 22.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The present study reported a variable degree of association with the investigated risk factors included in this study: sociodemographic data, household characteristics, and health status. The overall CFR showed significant differences in vitamin D, Blood group system (ABO), health status, and comorbidity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The CFR seems to have been underestimated; however, our result reported a relatively high CFR in Libya, at least in the surveyed region (targeted population). The risk factors measured in this study potentially significantly influenced the CFR. Among these potential risk factors were animal welfare, vitamin D levels, the ABO system, lymphocyte count (level), and healthy status. In contrast, the results showed that other risk factors were not significantly associated with the CFR. The results highlighted the potential risk of fatalities in the country. A large set of prospective studies is required to enhance our understanding of the CFR associated with zoonotic COVID-19 in Libya.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 2","pages":"885-892"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11974285/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143812073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in blood serum protein profile in low-yielding ewes during the periparturient period.","authors":"Veronika Glembová, Csilla Tóthová, Veronika Oršuľaková, Oskar Nagy","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i2.38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i2.38","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In high-yielding dairy ewes, metabolic and reproductive processes occurring around the time of parturition and during lactation initiation are accompanied by several changes in blood biochemical parameters, including those related to protein metabolism. However, little is known about the distribution of serum proteins throughout the peripartum period in ewes without higher economic productivity.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate changes in serum protein profile throughout the peripartal period in ewes with milk production only for the nutritional needs of lambs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twelve clinically healthy ewes of Merino and Cigája crossbreeds at the late stage of pregnancy were included in the study. They were evaluated from 1 month before the expected lambing to 8 weeks after lambing. Blood samples were collected 4 and 2 weeks before the expected parturition and then 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks <i>postpartum</i>. The serum samples were analyzed for the concentrations of total serum proteins and the main protein fractions separated by agarose gel electrophoresis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Six protein fractions were identified on the serum protein electrophoretogram of the ewes, including albumin, α₁-, α₂-, β-, γ₁, and γ₂-globulins. The concentrations of total serum proteins did not significantly vary throughout the evaluated peripartal period but decreased only slightly around the time of parturition. Significant changes were observed in the relative values and distribution of α₁-and γ-globulin fractions (<i>p</i> < 0.05 and <i>p</i> < 0.01). The absolute albumin concentrations were lowest 4 weeks before lambing and highest in the later postpartal period (<i>p</i> < 0.001). The γ₁-globulin values showed a significant gradual decrease until 4 weeks after lambing (<i>p</i> < 0.05 and <i>p</i> < 0.01). Significant changes were observed in the concentrations of γ₂-globulins (<i>p</i> < 0.01), with the highest values in the later postpartal period similar to γ₁-globulins.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results suggest that changes in the concentration and distribution of serum protein fractions around the time of parturition also occur in ewes with low milk production and may help to better understand the physiological adaptations, that accompany the female's organism during the transitional period.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 2","pages":"893-900"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11974312/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143812074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}