Open Veterinary Journal最新文献

{"title":"Effectiveness of predatory bacterium <i>Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus</i> in combination with <i>Pseudomonas fluorescens</i> and <i>Lactobacillus acidophilus</i> as candidates for <i>in vitro</i> anticolibacillosis.","authors":"Eduardus Bimo Aksono, Muchammad Yunus, Iwan Sahrial Hamid, Gadis Meinar Sari","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i3.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i3.29","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus</i> has stood out since its initial discovery because of its exceptional capacity to feed on other Gram-negative bacteria. Since this specific \"predatory bacterium\" may be used as both a probiotic and an antibiotic, research on it has expanded in response to the growing issue of Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR). It is necessary to investigate the relationship between <i>B. bacteriovorus</i> and other Gram-negative bacteria, as well as the presence of Gram-positive bacteria, in the same environment to determine whether or not these factors have an impact on their ability as predators.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of the combination of the predatory bacterium <i>B. bacteriovorus</i> with <i>Pseudomonas fluorescens</i> and <i>Lactobacillus acidophilus</i> as potential candidates for <i>in vitro</i> anticolibacillosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The method employed <i>Escherichia coli</i> ATCC 15144 as the prey, while <i>B. bacteriovorus</i> 109 J ATCC 15143 was used as the predator, combined with <i>P. fluorescens</i> and <i>L. acidophilus</i> as the nutrient sources of the predator. In the challenge experiment, a ratio of the bacterial combination was used to optimize predation to <i>E. coli</i> of 10⁷ PFU/10⁵ CFU per ml.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study showed that the combination of <i>B. bacteriovorus</i> with <i>P. fluorescens</i> and <i>L. acidophilus</i> after 24 hours of <i>in vitro</i> incubation at 37^°C increased the predatory bacteria count by tenfold, effectively reducing the <i>E. coli</i> population. However, in the absence of Gram-negative bacteria as a nutrient source, the predator population gradually declined.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The combination of <i>B. bacteriovorus</i> as a predatory bacterium with <i>P. fluorescens</i> and <i>L. acidophilus</i> is an effective candidate for <i>in vitro</i> anticolibacillosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 3","pages":"1379-1386"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12017701/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144027063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of a commercial real-time polymerase chain reaction kit for the detection of avian orthoavulavirus type I.","authors":"Hasnae Zekhnini, Fatiha El Mellouli, Mohamed Rida Salam, Faiza Bennis, And Fatima Chegdani","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i3.34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i3.34","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Newcastle disease (ND) is a highly contagious and often fatal viral disease that affects a wide range of avian species, regardless of age or sex. It continues to represent a significant challenge to the productivity and survival of both commercial and traditional poultry, particularly in developing countries. Despite advancements in vaccination strategies, ND outbreaks remain a recurring issue in many areas, including Morocco. Early detection of Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) is critical for effective disease management, but conventional virus isolation methods are labor-intensive and time-consuming.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate and validate the performance of the ID Gene™ Newcastle Disease Duplex real-time RT-PCR kit for the rapid and sensitive detection of NDV in poultry samples. The validation was performed in accordance with international OIE standards to ensure reliability and applicability in veterinary diagnostics.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study utilized spiked biological samples and NDV strains, including Moroccan field strains and reference strains from the Isntituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie proficiency panel. RNA extraction was performed using the NucleoSpin® RNA Virus kit. Negative tracheal and cloacal swab supernatants, as well as homogenized tissue samples from the liver and lungs, were spiked with JEL/Morocco Newcastle virus, genotype VI at different concentrations. Real-time RT-PCR targeting the NDV M gene was performed with an exogenous internal control for duplex amplification. The analytical specificity was assessed for inclusivity with various NDV genotypes and exclusivity against other orthomyxoviruses. Sensitivity was determined using 10-fold serial dilutions of NDV, with detection limits evaluated for individual and pooled samples. Repeatability was assessed by calculating intra-assay and inter-assay coefficients of variation based on Ct values.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The ID Gene™ kit demonstrated excellent inclusivity and reliably detected all tested NDV strains irrespective of genotype while showing no cross-reactivity with non-NDV orthomyxoviruses. The analytical sensitivity was validated at 10² DIO50/ml for individual samples and 10³ DIO50/ml for pools of five samples, respectively, across all tested matrices. The intraassay and interassay repeatability coefficients of variation (CV) were consistently below 10%, confirming the robustness of the method.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The ID Gene™ Newcastle Disease Duplex Kit is a rapid, accurate, and sensitive diagnostic alternative to traditional virus isolation methods. The performance of this method, validated against international and national standards, highlights its potential as a reliable tool for the early detection and effective management of NDV infections in Moroccan poultry populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 3","pages":"1440-1445"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12017724/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144027067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Jembrana disease in Indonesia: An updated review.","authors":"Dewa Ketut Meles, Aswin Rafif Khairullah, Suzanita Utama, Wurlina Wurlina, Sri Mulyati, Imam Mustofa, Rimayanti Rimayanti, Tita Damayanti Lestari, Ikechukwu Benjamin Moses, Syahputra Wibowo, Bantari Wisynu Kusuma Wardhani, Dea Anita Ariani Kurniasih, Muhammad Khaliim Jati Kusala, Riza Zainuddin Ahmad, Ima Fauziah, Wasito Wasito, Adeyinka Oye Akintunde","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i3.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i3.3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Jembrana illness is an infectious disease that affects Balinese cattle in Indonesia. This disease is caused by the Jembrana disease virus (JDV), a lentivirus of the Retroviridae family. It was initially detected in 1964 in Jembrana Regency, Bali, Indonesia. Bali cattle have been widely disseminated throughout the Indonesian archipelago, and there is evidence that Jembrana disease has affected Bali cattle on the islands of Bali, Sumatra, and Java. During the acute stage, JDV is present in secreted fluids such as saliva, milk, and nasal secretions. There is no evidence of clinical illness recurrence in animals that have survived acute JDV infection. The clinical symptoms of Jembrana illness in cattle include elevated fever, stool bloody diarrhea, increased salivation, and enlarged lymph nodes. Jembrana illness is transmitted through direct contact between sick and healthy cows. This disease is also believed to be spread by blood-sucking insects, including flies, fleas, and mosquitoes. The most common risk factors are unregulated animal traffic movements that are not even under the supervision of animal health officers. Livestock producers suffered immediate financial losses as a result of the local epidemic of the Jembrana disease. Although there is currently no known cure for Jembrana disease, it can be prevented with vaccination. To stop the spread of the disease, livestock travel must also be considered.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 3","pages":"1091-1100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12017734/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144027257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of neosporosis: Disease insights and control approaches.","authors":"Rimayanti Rimayanti, Aswin Rafif Khairullah, Suzanita Utama, Riza Zainuddin Ahmad, Sri Mulyati, Ratna Damayanti, Tita Damayanti Lestari, Imam Mustofa, Tatik Hernawati, Wasito Wasito, Ikechukwu Benjamin Moses, Bantari Wisynu Kusuma Wardhani, Dea Anita Ariani Kurniasih, Shelly Kusumarini, Syahputra Wibowo, Sheila Marty Yanestria, Muhammad Khaliim Jati Kusala, Ertika Fitri Lisnanti, Ima Fauziah","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i3.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i3.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The protozoan parasite <i>Neospora caninum</i> is a cause of infectious disease neosporosis. <i>Neospora caninum</i> is a major parasite affecting dogs and livestock worldwide. Neosporosis is a major cause of abortion in cattle, particularly in cattle raised in intensive agriculture. For diagnosis, the indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunofluorescence antibody test are employed. <i>Neospora caninum</i> goes through three different stages in its life cycle: sporozoites, tachyzoite, and bradyzoite. The primary method of <i>N. caninum</i> transmission in cattle is believed to be transplacental. Dogs are the definitive hosts of <i>N. caninum</i>, and the organisms in dogs and cattle are indistinguishable from one another. A high prevalence of <i>N. caninum</i> infection in animals was linked to the presence of dogs that tested positive for the parasite. Although exact statistics on the financial losses resulting from neosporosis in the global livestock sector are unavailable, losses are estimated to be millions of dollars. A number of medications have been investigated against <i>N. caninum</i>. In infected cell cultures, piritrexim, monensin, pyrimethamine, and trimethoprim stop <i>N. caninum</i> from growing intracellularly. Taking action to stop vertical transmission is the most practical way to control neosporosis in cattle herds, considering the current state of knowledge.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 3","pages":"1078-1090"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12017711/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143984320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of non-halal meat adulteration in beef meatball using real-time PCR and mitochondrial D-loop gen-specific primer.","authors":"Halida Rahmania, Rien Larasati Arini, Abdul Rohman, Rumiyati Rumiyati","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i3.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i3.39","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Indonesia, home to the world's largest Muslim population, enforces Law No. 33 of 2014, mandating halal certification for all products in the country. However, meatballs, a popular Indonesian dish, frequently fall victim to adulteration with non-halal meats, such as pork and wild boar due to economic incentives.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aims to develop an analytical technique employing real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with specific primers to detect pork and wild boar meat within beef meatballs.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The research commenced with the design of specific primers for pork and wild boar DNA via IDT software. Subsequent phases encompassed DNA isolation, specificity, linearity, limit of detection, efficiency, and repeatability assessments to evaluate the method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The D-Loop 539 and D-Loop 409 primers successfully detected the pork and wild boar DNA in both raw meat and meatballs, with optimal annealing temperatures of 61.2°C and 60.6°C, respectively. The D-loop 539 primer amplified pork DNA and pork-infused meatballs, boasting a detection threshold of 0.1 ng, with a coefficient of variation (CV) of 0.25%. Similarly, the D-loop 409 primer successfully amplified wild boar DNA and meatball sample, showcasing detection limits of 1 and 0.1 ng, accompanied by CV values of 0.37% and 0.44%. All primers passed the critical PCR validation tests, making them suitable for analysis of meatball samples across 12 sub-districts in Sleman-Yogyakarta. The observed results showed negative amplification signals for both pork and wild boar components.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Using the D-Loop 539 and D-Loop 409 primers, this method is capable to detect the presence of pork and wild boar meat within beef meatballs This research contributes to the authentication of halal products in alignment with the provisions of Law No. 33 of 2014, thereby endorsing consumer confidence in product integrity.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 3","pages":"1495-1504"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12017735/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143997255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of enterotoxin, antibiotic resistance genes, and antimicrobial susceptibility profiling of <i>Staphylococcus</i> aureus isolated from table eggs: Implications for food safety and public health.","authors":"Palash Bose, Kazi Abdus Sobur, Bakhtiar Lijon, Zaminur Rahman, Tanvir Ahamed, Papia Sultana, Muhammad Muktaruzzaman, Minara Khatun, Ariful Islam","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i3.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i3.11","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> is a significant pathogen in both clinical and food safety contexts, capable of contaminating table eggs, which are a common dietary staple worldwide.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to assess the prevalence, molecular characteristics, and antibiotic resistance profiles of <i>S. aureus</i> isolated from table eggs. The focus was on identifying methicillin-resistant <i>S. aureus</i> (MRSA) strains that produce enterotoxin (<i>seb</i>), resistance to β-lactam antibiotics (<i>blaTEM</i>), tetracycline (<i>tet</i>A), and vancomycin-resistant <i>S. aureus</i>.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 200 egg samples were collected from various retail sources in Mymensingh City Corporation, Bangladesh. Swab samples (<i>n</i> = 100) were collected from eggshells, and another 100 samples were collected from the inner membrane, egg white, and yolk. Samples were enriched in trypticase soy broth and cultured on mannitol salt agar. <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> was isolated through conventional culture techniques, confirmed by polymerase chain reaction targeting the <i>nuc</i>, and further screened for the <i>mec</i>A, <i>seb</i>, <i>blaTEM</i>, <i>tet</i>A, <i>van</i>A, and <i>van</i>C genes. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was conducted using the disc diffusion method against 13 antibiotics. Bivariate analysis is used to assess the strong and significant correlations between virulence genes and the pairs of any of two antibiotic-resistant <i>S. aureus</i>.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong><i>Staphylococcus</i> spp. and <i>S. aureus</i> were detected in 53% and 21% of eggshell samples, respectively, and 41% and 13% of egg content samples. Among 34 coagulase-positive isolates, 12 (57.14%) from eggshells and 4 (30.78%) from egg contents were positive for the <i>nuc</i> gene. Resistance was observed in eggshell isolates for <i>mec</i>A (33.33%), <i>blaTEM</i> (85.71%), <i>tet</i>A (33.33%), <i>van</i>A (19.04%), <i>van</i>C (33.33%), and <i>seb</i> (20.50%), whereas egg content isolates showed resistance to <i>blaTEM</i> (46.15%) and <i>van</i>C (7.80%). All coagulase-positive isolates exhibited significant resistance to β-lactam antibiotics, cephalosporins, and glycopeptides, especially vancomycin. Notably, 19 (90.47%) and 12 (92.30%) eggshell and egg content isolates, respectively, were multidrug-resistant, with multiple antibiotic resistance indices ranging from 0.23 to 0.76.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study revealed a high prevalence of multidrug-resistant <i>S. aureus</i> in table eggs, indicating a significant public health risk. The presence of MRSA and strains with enterotoxins and resistance genes underscores the need for enhanced monitoring, stricter biosecurity measures, and robust control strategies for egg production and distribution to ensure food safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 3","pages":"1187-1205"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12017723/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144032786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alkaloid fraction of Achyranthes aspera Linn triggers breast cancer apoptosis in mice (<i>Mus musculus</i>) model.","authors":"Wurlina Wurlina, Dewa Ketut Meles, Imam Mustofa, Aswin Rafif Khairullah, Dewa Made Sucipta Putra, Niluh Suwasanti, Adeyinka Oye Akintunde, Suzanita Utama, Sri Mulyati, Wasito Wasito, Ricadonna Raissa, Riza Zainuddin Ahmad, Julaeha Julaeha, Fitrine Ekawasti","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i3.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i3.19","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Breast cancer affects women of various ages, and its recurrence is a significant cause of death. The search for potent anticancer compounds of herbal origin with well-defined mechanisms of action is an essential focus of current research.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the effects of alkaloids in <i>Achyranthes aspera</i> Linn (AAL) leaf extract on necrosis, apoptosis, and related molecular markers, namely, cyclin-dependent kinase 1, Bcl-2 associated X-protein (Bax), rat sarcoma virus (Ras), cytochrome (Cyt) c, and apoptotic activating factor-1 (Apaf-1), in mice models.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty mice with breast cancer were randomly divided into five groups. The negative control group only received distilled water daily. Mice in the positive control group (PCG) were administered methotrexate (15 mg/Kg) daily. The T1, T2, and T3 groups received oral orally at 75, 100, and 125 mg/Kg body weight daily for 30 days, respectively. On day 31, all mice were euthanized for the preparation of histological specimens of the mammary glands. The negative control group had the lowest number of apoptotic cells, Apaf-1, Cyt C, and Bax expression, and the highest number of viable cancer cells and Ras expression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The percentages of necrotic cells and breast cancer-expressed CDK-1 were not significantly (<i>p</i> > 0.05) different among groups. The percentage of apoptotic cells, Apaf-1, and Cyt c, was highest in T3. Conversely, the percentage of viable cells and breast cancer-expressing Ras was lowest in T3.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Treatment with 125 mg/Kg AAL suppressed cancer cell growth in breast cancer-bearing mice. Further research is necessary to determine the complete signaling mechanism.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 3","pages":"1279-1288"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12017709/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144014678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Myocardial expression of connexin 43 in cats with hypertrophic and restrictive cardiomyopathy phenotype.","authors":"Dmitrij Oleynikov","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i3.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i3.16","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In humans and cats hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a cause of sudden cardiac death. This is usually associated with arrhythmias, based on myocardial fibrosis and electric impulse propagation disturbances. Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is a CM associated with excessive fibrosis which is predisposed to arrhythmic episodes. Electric coupling in the myocardium is based on the His-Purkinje system and cardiomyocytes cell-to-cell contacts. Cell connection is based on gap junctions and their structural proteins-connexins. Today there is a lack of information in the literature regarding these functional units and their distribution in cats.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>Discover the presence of connexin43 (Cx43) in myocardial tissues of cats and to differentiate in HCM and RCM phenotypes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Retrospective analysis of materials collected from cats with CM.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Animals with the histological animals with histological and immunohistochemical markers of HCM and RCM. Cx43 was distributed in the myocardial tissue of a healthy cat in a typical pattern to other described animals (rats, mice, and human). In HCM, Cx43 was decreased and lateralized near the fibrotic zones, and it was absent in the scar tissue. In RCM, there was a similar pattern, but loci with spontaneously altered expression of Cx43 were also observed, forming lacunas in the gap junction or presented as an intermittent granulated mass.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Cx43 has different expression patterns in different CM phenotypes; however, the role of this fact in arrhythmogenesis needs to be studied.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 3","pages":"1244-1252"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12017731/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144022264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-bacterial activity of green synthesized and surface modified silver nanoparticles with silica and dopamine for efficient cadmium removal from aqueous solutions.","authors":"Kadhim Hassan Abbas, Ishtar Adnan Mohammed Alethari, Esraa Taher Muslim, Orooba Meteab Faja","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i3.36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i3.36","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Antibiotic resistance is a challenging worldwide health issue. Cadmium (Cd) contamination in aqueous environments poses a significant threat to human health and ecosystem integrity because of its toxic and nonbiodegradable nature.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The current study aimed to understand the antibacterial activity of green synthesized and surface-modified silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with silica and dopamine (DA) for efficient Cd removal from aqueous solutions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A green and ecofriendly nanosorbent, AgNPs@TEOS@DA, was synthesized to study its antibacterial activity and efficient removal of Cd (II) ions from aqueous solutions. The nanosorbent synthesis process adheres to green chemistry principles, utilizing biologically derived reducing agents. AgNPs@TEOS@DA exhibit a uniform spherical morphology, providing a high surface area for interactions with target Cd (II) ions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>SP nanoparticles exhibited the highest inhibition zones for various bacteria and were most effective. The study established a 15-minutes incubation time as optimal for rapid and consistent Cd (II) ion absorption. The adsorption efficiency was pH-dependent, with the maximum absorption observed at a pH of approximately 6.0. The concentration-dependent adsorption behavior was also observed in accordance with the established adsorption kinetics. The environmentally friendly synthesis process and efficient Cd (II) ion removal capability of AgNPs@TEOS@DA make them promising candidates for addressing environmental and water quality challenges. This study contributes to the advancement of ecofriendly materials for heavy metal removal while supporting sustainable and environmentally conscious practices.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study paves the way for the utilization of ecofriendly materials for heavy metal removal, fostering a more sustainable and environmentally conscious approach to wastewater treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 3","pages":"1468-1479"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12017730/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144039080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>In vitro</i> investigation of the antiparasitic effects of a pentacyclic triterpene from the toothache plant on intestinal worms of poultry.","authors":"Pawi Bawitlung Lalthanpuii, Lalrosangpuii, Kholhring Lalchhandama","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i3.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i3.30","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The management of helminthiasis remains a significant challenge in clinical and veterinary practice because the most important parasites have acquired extensive drug resistance in animal infections and reduced efficacy in human conditions. The toothache plant (<i>Acmella oleracea</i>) is a medicinal plant used in the Mizo traditional system of India for deworming intestinal parasites in both humans and domesticated animals. Therefore, it is important to understand the bioactive components and biological effects of the plant.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>Experiments were set up to characterize the bioactive compound of the plant and assess its antiparasitic activity against intestinal cestodes and nematodes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The aerial parts of the plants were extracted with hexane in a Soxhlet apparatus. The extract was concentrated and fractionated using column chromatography. The elution was performed with <i>n</i>-hexane and ethyl acetate. The major compound was characterized by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The antiparasitic activity was evaluated against parasitic cestodes and nematodes of the chicken intestine. The antiparasitic effects were studied by scanning electron microscopy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A single compound was eluted from column chromatography as indicated by TLC at an <i>R</i> _f value of 0.56 from a mobile phase consisting of 0.1% ethyl acetate in <i>n</i>-hexane. GC-MS data showed that the isolated compound exhibited the chemical properties of lupeol (fagarasterol). This is the first report of a lupane-type pentacyclic triterpene isolated from the toothache plant<i>.</i> The compound was effective against both cestode and nematode. Scanning electron microscopy revealed hallmark anthelmintic effects on the parasites. Distortion of the tegument, destruction of the suckers, and removal of spines were noted for the cestode; while fracture of the mouth region, loss of sensory papillae, and deflation of the cuticle throughout the body were observed on the nematode.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study presents a showcase of the isolation of lupeol from the toothache plant and demonstrates the utility of the compound as a broad-spectrum antiparasitic molecule against cestodes and nematodes. The findings of this study encourage further investigations on the mode of action, molecular interactions, and other pharmacological properties of the compounds for drug development.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 3","pages":"1387-1396"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12017702/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144022262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}