Open Veterinary Journal最新文献

{"title":"<i>Pasteurella multocida</i> genome assembly of Indonesian local isolates using long-read Oxford Nanopore Technology sequencing.","authors":"Sri Suryatmiati Prihandani, I Wayan Teguh Wibawan, Susan Maphilindawati Noor, Safika Safika, Aswin Rafif Khairullah, Susanti Susanti, Sutiastuti Wahyuwardani, Andriani Andriani, Sumarningsih Sumarningsih, Heri Kurnianto, Tati Ariyanti, Yudi Adinata, Harimurti Nuradji, Alif Rahman Rohim Puarada","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i6.46","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i6.46","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Pasteurella multocida</i> is a Gram-negative bacterium responsible for various diseases in animals, including hemorrhagic septicemia (HS). Oxford Nanopore Technologies' (ONT) platform streams the sequencing data immediately, allowing for on-the-fly analysis. This capability enables researchers to monitor experiments in real time and make prompt decisions, which is particularly beneficial for clinical diagnostics and outbreak surveillance.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study presents the genome assembly of two <i>P. multocida</i> isolates using long-read sequencing technology provided by ONT.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This method involves passing DNA strands through nanopores and detecting changes in electrical current to determine nucleotide sequences. The long-read capability of ONT technology allows for the sequencing of extensive DNA fragments, which is particularly beneficial for resolving complex genomic regions and achieving high-contiguity genome assemblies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study generated high-quality single-contig genomes with sizes of 2.35 and 2.29 Mbp and completeness scores exceeding 99% (BUSCO). These assemblies provide valuable resources for functional analyses, enhancing the understanding of virulence factors and the pathogenesis of HS in Indonesian livestock.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study successfully assembled the genomes of two <i>P. multocida</i> isolates from Lampung (2,952) and Kupang, Nusa Tenggara Timur, Indonesia, using Oxford Nanopore Technologies' long-read sequencing. The resulting single-contig genomes, measuring 2.35 and 2.29 Mbp, respectively, exhibited high completeness scores (BUSCO: >99%). These high-quality assemblies enhance genomic contiguity, providing valuable resources for functional analyses aimed at understanding the virulence factors and pathogenesis of HS in Indonesian livestock.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 6","pages":"2782-2788"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12451185/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145131621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hematology and reproductive performance of female rats supplemented with kelor (<i>Moringa oleifera</i> Lam.) leaf extract during the reproductive period.","authors":"Fachruddin Fachruddin, Agik Suprayogi, Wasmen Manalu, Novriyandi Hanif, Huda Shalahuddin Darusman","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i6.34","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i6.34","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Optimal animal health, as indicated by normal hematological values, is essential for improving animal welfare and productivity, including reproductive performance in female mammals. <i>Moringa</i> is an herbal plant with extensive potential for medical applications, including improving and enhancing animal health as well as reproductive performance.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the effect of <i>Moringa oleifera</i> leaf extract (MOLE) supplementation on the hematological profile and reproductive performance of female rats during the prepregnancy to lactation period.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An experimental study with a completely randomized design was conducted on nulliparous and sexually mature female Sprague-Dawley rats. The study consisted of four treatments and three to five replicates, namely control (feed without MOLE), MOLEE (feed containing MOL ethanol extract, MOLEF (feed containing MOL ethanol fraction), and MOLHE (feed containing MOL n-hexane extract). Observed variables included hematological values, estrogen, progesterone, prolactin, and oxytocin levels, litter size, prenatal mortality rate, birth weight, milk production, and pups' weight gain.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed significant differences in most hematological parameters (white blood cell, red blood cell, hemoglobin, and hematocrit) and reproductive hormones (estrogen, progesterone, and prolactin levels). MOLE supplementation during pregnancy did not affect litter size and birth weight, but the MOLEE and MOLEF groups caused prenatal mortality. In addition, MOLE supplementation significantly increased milk yield but not pups' weight gain.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>MOLE supplementation positively affected the hematological values of female rats during the reproductive period and enhanced reproductive performance (reproductive hormone levels and milk production). However, it is essential to be aware of the possible adverse effects of prenatal mortality, which require further investigation to uncover the underlying causes and mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 6","pages":"2651-2660"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12451128/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145131624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A randomized clinical trial comparing intranasal lidocaine and saline prior to gastroscopy.","authors":"Elizabeth Alvey, Langdon Fielding, Dustin Dennis, Diane Rhodes, Emma Deane, Jessica Bouton","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i6.62","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i6.62","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Intranasal lidocaine (LID) administration is a common treatment used to facilitate the passing of endoscopes and nasogastric tubes in horses. However, no research has supported its use in equine practice.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To compare patient reactivity and endoscope passage time between intranasal LID and intranasal saline prior to gastroscopy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This blinded, randomized clinical trial included 25 horses presenting for gastroscopy. Following the administration of sedation and prior to gastroscopy, 10 ml of saline (CON) was administered intranasally to 12 horses in the control group, or 10 ml of 2% LID was administered intranasally to 13 horses in the LID group. The recorded data included signalment, location of scoping (field or hospital), sedation, grade of reactivity on a 6-point scale (0 for no reactivity up to five when the scope could not be passed), and time to passage from the nares to the cardia.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The time to reach the cardia in the CON group was 73 (35-183) seconds, and the time to reach the cardia in the LID group was 70 (45-210) seconds (<i>p</i> = 0.8). The number of horses with a reactivity grade less than or equal to 1 in the CON group was 75% (9/12) compared with 69% (9/13) in the LID group (<i>p</i> = 0.12).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This small study did not identify any significant benefit from administering intranasal LID prior to endoscope passage.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 6","pages":"2915-2918"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12451136/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145131305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytochemical profiling and biological activity of the ethanolic extract of <i>Phragmites australis</i>.","authors":"Sarah A Abdulla, Farag A Elshaari, Mohamed Alshintari, Lazhar Zourgui","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i6.20","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i6.20","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Phragmites australis, a grass species of the Poaceae family, was studied here for the first time in Libya, marking its initial documented phytochemical and biological evaluation. In traditional folk medicine, P. australis has a promising therapeutic potential.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study analyzed and identified phytochemical compounds and the antioxidant, cytotoxic, antimicrobial, and antiviral activities of <i>Phragmites australis</i> ethanolic extract (PAEE).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Phytochemical profiling was conducted using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Antioxidant properties were evaluated using ferric reducing antioxidant power, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, nitric oxide, total antioxidant capacity, and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity assays. The cytotoxic effects of the extracts on the breast (MCF-7), hepatocellular (Hep-G2), and colon (Caco-2) cancer cell lines were assessed using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Antimicrobial effects were tested against four bacterial strains and three fungi, and the antiviral activities of the extracts against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and hepatitis A virus (HAV) were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The PAEE contained 65.94 mg/gallic acid equivalents g of total phenolics and 22.7 mg/RE g of total flavonoids. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of key bioactive compounds, including flavonoids such as rutin, quercetin, luteolin-7-O-glucoside, caffeic acid, and apigenin-6-C-glucoside, as well as phenolic acids, such as protocatechuic acid, coumaric acid, and feruloyl-quinic acid derivatives.The extract exhibited significant antioxidant activity. Additionally, the extract exhibited potent antimicrobial efficacy, particularly in counteracting <i>Bacillus subtilis and Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study is the first to investigate <i>P. australis</i> from Benghazi, Libya, revealing its rich diversity of polyphenols and flavonoids, along with its strong antioxidant, antibacterial, and antiviral activities. Notably, this is the first report evaluating Libyan-sourced PAEE for its antiviral activity against HSV-1 and HAV, alongside its cytotoxic effects on colorectal adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 6","pages":"2478-2491"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12451134/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145131448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chitosan nanoparticles loaded with <i>Aloe vera</i> gel as a natural preservative for enhancing the shelf life and quality of mutton meat.","authors":"Jasim M Fayyad, Majid J Al-Saadi","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i6.22","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i6.22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Meat quality and safety are essential issues in the food industry because oxidation and microbial growth directly affect their shelf life and physical and chemical properties. Chitosan and <i>Aloe vera</i> gel are natural compounds known for their antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, making them promising agents for developing food preservation technologies.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to assess the effects of chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) and <i>A. vera</i> gel on mutton meat's physicochemical, microbiological, and oxidative properties during refrigerated storage at 4 °C.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Mutton samples were treated in four groups (control, CNPs loaded with <i>A. vera</i> gel, CNPs alone, and <i>A. vera</i> gel alone). They analyzed six aging intervals (0, 1, 2, 5, 8, and 12 days) in a factorial arrangement (4×6). Key chemical parameters, including thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and pH values, as well as microbial counts, particularly the growth of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CNPs loaded with <i>A. vera</i> gel improved sensory characteristics, reduced lipid oxidation, and inhibited <i>P. aeruginosa</i> growth more effectively than other treatments or the control.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings highlight the potential of 2% CNPs loaded with <i>A. vera</i> gel as a natural preservative to enhance refrigerated mutton's quality and shelf life, which may have promising applications in the food industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 6","pages":"2500-2510"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12451157/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145131482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computational modeling approach to identify potential anti-Campylobacter peptides from <i>Zingiber officinale</i> targeting efflux pump and lipooligosaccharide.","authors":"Maryam Saleh Alhumaidi","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i6.18","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i6.18","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Campylobacteriosis is a common bacterial diarrheal illness frequently associated with poultry consumption and represents a significant problem for public health and the economy. The increasing drug resistance associated with <i>Campylobacter jejuni</i> emphasizes the imperative nature of the situation. The diverse bioactive compounds found in ginger (<i>Zingiber officinale</i>), such as proteins hold a promising and advancing anticampylobacteriosis research.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study investigated the potential of ginger-derived peptides to target key bacterial components involved in antibiotic resistance and virulence.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using computational modeling approaches for modeling ginger-derived peptides and different parameters and targeting efflux pumps (CmeABC and CmeC proteins) and beta-1,3-galactosyltransferase and Beta-1,3 galactosyltransferase (CgtE) involved in lipooligosaccharide (LOS) biosynthesis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Physicochemical analysis revealed varied properties for targeting peptides. The results suggest that ginger-derived peptides, particularly AtpH-2, could interact with components of the efflux pump, disrupting bacterial membrane function and enhancing antimicrobial efficacy. Furthermore, the interaction between AtpH-2 and LOS biosynthesis enzymes suggests a possible disruption of LOS production.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings indicate that ginger-derived peptides, especially AtpH-2, could synergistically weaken Campylobacter defenses by interfering with both efflux pump activity and LOS biosynthesis, offering a promising approach for developing novel antibacterial strategies against this zoonotic pathogen. Further research is warranted to elucidate the precise mechanisms of action and validate these <i>in silico</i> predictions.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 6","pages":"2457-2470"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12451139/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145131488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Complete genome sequence and genomic characterization of the probiotic <i>Limosilactobacillus reuteri</i> PSC102.","authors":"Ga-Yeong Lee, Hae-Yeon Cho, Syed Al Jawad Sayem, Seung-Joon Kim, Md Sekendar Ali, Seung-Chun Park","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i6.15","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i6.15","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Gut microbiota are potential sources of probiotics and play an essential role in maintaining intestinal health. <i>Limosilactobacillus reuteri</i> PSC102 (<i>L. reuteri</i> PSC102), which was isolated from the feces of healthy pigs, exhibited health-beneficial properties.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>We aimed to conduct a whole-genome sequencing analysis of <i>L. reuteri</i> PSC102 to determine its molecular characteristics as a probiotic strain.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong><i>Limosilactobacillus reuteri</i> PSC102 cells were cultured in De Man-Rogosa-Sharpe medium, followed by DNA extraction for genomic analysis using the PacBio-Illumina sequencing platform. The EzBioCloud software was used to perform gene assembly, and the genes were interpreted by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) and the Glimmer program. Core and pan-genomic analyses were performed to assess the extent of functional conservation in the genomic sequence. Moreover, the NCBI database and the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool software were used to identify antimicrobial resistance genes and virulence factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Limosilactobacillus reuteri PSC102 consists of a single circular chromosome with 2,048,626 bp, a guanine- cytosine of 38.9%, 18 rRNA genes, and 69 tRNA genes. Among the 1,846 protein-coding sequences, genes associated with probiotic characteristics were identified, including genes involved in host-microbe interactions, stress tolerance, biogenesis, and defense mechanisms. Furthermore, the genome of L. reuteri PSC102 comprises 2,446 pan-genome and 1,222 core-genome orthologous gene clusters. A total of 74 unique genes were identified in L. reuteri PSC102 genome. These genes mostly encode proteins potentially involved in the transport and metabolism of amino acids and carbohydrates. Moreover, antibacterial resistance genes and virulence factors were absent in L. reuteri PSC102.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results of the molecular insight into <i>L. reuteri</i> PSC102 corroborates its use as a probiotic in humans and other animals.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 6","pages":"2427-2438"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12451167/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145131491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatiotemporal analysis of the re-emerging foot and mouth disease outbreak in Central Java, Indonesia.","authors":"Aldi Salman, Heru Susetya, Soedarmanto Indarjulianto, Agung Budiyanto","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i6.39","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i6.39","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious transboundary animal disease that severely impacts livestock health, productivity, and trade. After FMD was free for over 3 decades, Indonesia experienced a resurgence of the disease in May 2022, with Central Java among the affected regions. The outbreak exposed weaknesses in biosecurity, surveillance, and response mechanisms, necessitating a comprehensive analysis of the spread and control efforts.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aims to assess the spatiotemporal dynamics of the FMD outbreak in Central Java, evaluating the effectiveness of control measures, including vaccination, movement restrictions, and biosecurity enforcement, to inform future disease management strategies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study utilized Geographic Information System tools to analyze the spatial patterns of FMD cases using outbreak data from iSIKHNAS. Temporal trends were examined over a 35-week period to identify peak transmission periods. Data analysis was conducted using QGIS 3.34.12 and Microsoft Excel to track the spread and impact of the control interventions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The first FMD case in Central Java was reported in Boyolali Regency on May 8, 2022. The outbreak rapidly spread, affecting all regencies within 41 days. By the end of 2022, a total of 8,473 outbreaks involving 65,445 livestock were recorded. Spatial analysis revealed significant clusters of dairy and beef cattle linked to high animal trade activity. Temporal analysis showed rapid case escalation with peaks in weeks 5 and 11, followed by a decline after the intervention measures. Emergency vaccination commenced 7 weeks post-outbreak, contributing to case reduction but facing challenges in distribution and timely execution. The spatial relationship between cattle population density and FMD transmission risk at the subdistrict level, visualized through bivariate mapping.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The 2022 FMD outbreak in Central Java affected over 65,000 livestock, with cases peaking in week 11 before declining due to emergency vaccination and movement restrictions. Strengthened biosecurity measures and earlier interventions are critical for effective control. Future research should focus on spatial risk factors and evaluate intervention strategies to improve outbreak preparedness and response.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 6","pages":"2703-2714"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12451135/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145131538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of mangosteen rind extract nanocapsule as a feed additive on the growth performance and blood lipid profile of broiler chicken.","authors":"Andri Kusmayadi, Richa Mardianingrum, Dwi Wijayanti, Yanti Yanti","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i6.44","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i6.44","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Nanoencapsulation technology has great potential as an innovation in animal feed, especially as a natural supplement to replace antibiotics and improve livestock health. With this technology, the bioactive benefits of mangosteen rind can be utilized more optimally, opening up new opportunities in the sustainable livestock industry, especially for poultry nutrition.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to examine the effect of adding mangosteen rind extract nanocapsule (MREN) as a feed additive and to determine its optimal level for improving the growth performance and blood lipid profile of broiler chicken.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The research design was completely randomized with a one-way pattern. There were 300 DOC unsexed Cobb strain broiler chickens grouped into 5 feed treatments: T0:100% basal feed (BF) as a negative control, T1:100% BF + zinc-bacitracin 50 ppm (positive control), T2: BF + 0.1% MREN, T3: BF + 0.2% MREN, and T4: BF + 0.3% MREN. The treatment was repeated 6 times and each experimental cage was filled with 10 broiler chickens. The maintenance was conducted for 35 days to observe the growth performance and blood lipid profile of broiler chickens. <b>Results:</b> The results showed that the addition of mangosteen rind extract nanocapsules had a significant effect on the body weight, body weight gain (BWG), and feed conversion ratio and blood lipid profile of broiler chickens (triglycerides and HDL). Feed treatments containing 0.1% and 0.2% mangosteen rind extract nanocapsules (T2 and T3) produced better growth performance than T0 with an increase in body weight, BWG, and feed conversion has a value of 16.71-23.08 g, 17.26-21.14 g, and 0.05-0.07, respectively. For the blood lipid profile, T4 treatment at a dose of 0.3% was able to decrease triglyceride levels by 193.95 g compared with T0, whereas T2 treatment at a dose of 0.1% was able to increase HDL levels by 6.35 mg/dl.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The addition of mangosteen rind extract nanocapsules at low level (0.1%-0.2%) is recommended for broiler chickens to improve growth performance and blood lipid profiles.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 6","pages":"2762-2773"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12451187/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145131548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hematological and serum biochemical profiles at the time of artificial insemination based on pregnancy outcomes in repeat breeder beef cows.","authors":"Fika Yuliza Purba, Muhammad Ayub, Muhammad Rizky Trimulya Putra, Dwi Kesuma Sari, Muhammad Ardiansyah Nurdin, Andi Ariyandy, Muhammad Muflih Nur, Irwan Ismail, Sri Gustina, Subaedy Yusuf","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i6.31","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i6.31","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Repeat breeder cows (RBCs) are characterized by failure to conceive at least 3 times without anatomical or infectious abnormalities. This condition presents a major challenge to farm fertility and profitability.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate hematological and serum biochemical profiles at the time of artificial insemination (AI) to identify potential indicators of subfertility and the association with pregnancy rate.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 14 RBCs received estrous synchronization protocol comprising 2 doses of 500 µg Cloprostenol at 11-day intervals, followed by AI within 72 hours after the second injection. Pregnancy was diagnosed 60 days after insemination, and the outcome was analyzed descriptively. Factors affecting pregnancy were analyzed using Fisher's exact test, while hematological and serum biochemical parameters were compared between pregnant and nonpregnant cows in the next estrous cycle using the <i>t</i>-test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>These results showed that 7 out of 14 cows (50%) were pregnant. Among the variables assessed, the timing of AI significantly affected pregnancy rates. Analysis of the hematological profile revealed significant differences in the percentage of granulocytes and midcells between pregnant and nonpregnant cows. Furthermore, biochemical profiles showed that the levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and the BUN/creatinine ratio were considerably higher in nonpregnant cows (<i>p</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study suggests that physiological conditions during AI affect pregnancy outcomes in RBCs. In addition to management practices, these results provided valuable information regarding the diagnosis of fertility problems in RBCs receiving AI.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 6","pages":"2602-2609"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12451154/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145131583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}