Open Veterinary Journal最新文献

{"title":"Changes in blood serum protein profile in low-yielding ewes during the periparturient period.","authors":"Veronika Glembová, Csilla Tóthová, Veronika Oršuľaková, Oskar Nagy","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i2.38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i2.38","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In high-yielding dairy ewes, metabolic and reproductive processes occurring around the time of parturition and during lactation initiation are accompanied by several changes in blood biochemical parameters, including those related to protein metabolism. However, little is known about the distribution of serum proteins throughout the peripartum period in ewes without higher economic productivity.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate changes in serum protein profile throughout the peripartal period in ewes with milk production only for the nutritional needs of lambs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twelve clinically healthy ewes of Merino and Cigája crossbreeds at the late stage of pregnancy were included in the study. They were evaluated from 1 month before the expected lambing to 8 weeks after lambing. Blood samples were collected 4 and 2 weeks before the expected parturition and then 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks <i>postpartum</i>. The serum samples were analyzed for the concentrations of total serum proteins and the main protein fractions separated by agarose gel electrophoresis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Six protein fractions were identified on the serum protein electrophoretogram of the ewes, including albumin, α₁-, α₂-, β-, γ₁, and γ₂-globulins. The concentrations of total serum proteins did not significantly vary throughout the evaluated peripartal period but decreased only slightly around the time of parturition. Significant changes were observed in the relative values and distribution of α₁-and γ-globulin fractions (<i>p</i> < 0.05 and <i>p</i> < 0.01). The absolute albumin concentrations were lowest 4 weeks before lambing and highest in the later postpartal period (<i>p</i> < 0.001). The γ₁-globulin values showed a significant gradual decrease until 4 weeks after lambing (<i>p</i> < 0.05 and <i>p</i> < 0.01). Significant changes were observed in the concentrations of γ₂-globulins (<i>p</i> < 0.01), with the highest values in the later postpartal period similar to γ₁-globulins.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results suggest that changes in the concentration and distribution of serum protein fractions around the time of parturition also occur in ewes with low milk production and may help to better understand the physiological adaptations, that accompany the female's organism during the transitional period.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 2","pages":"893-900"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11974312/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143812074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of multidrug-resistant <i>Vibrio</i> species in fish in a reduction trial using lemon juice and sesame oil.","authors":"Alaa Eldin M A Morshdy, Ghada M Abd El Galil, Rasha M El Bayomi, Amer Al Ali, Rehab E Mohamed, Amany M Shosha, Wageh Sobhy Darwish","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i2.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i2.16","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Because of its high nutritional value, excellent taste, and ease of digestion, fish is one of the most popular foods. However, it also serves as a vehicle for various pathogenic microorganisms, particularly <i>Vibrio</i> species, which pose a risk to public health.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study targeted studying the prevalence of multidrug-resistant <i>Vibrio</i> species in three marine fish retailed in Egypt. In addition, the antimicrobial activities of lemon juice and sesame oil against <i>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</i> were screened.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>For these reasons, this study assessed the prevalence of <i>Vibrio</i> species in marine fish (mullet, brush tooth lizard, and coral fish) that are sold in the local market of Zagazig, Egypt. Additionally, certain virulence factors were detected in the recovered <i>V. parahaemolyticus</i> isolates. The antimicrobial susceptibility of the recovered <i>V. parahaemolyticus</i> isolates was also screened. The antivibrio activities of lemon juice and sesame oil (1% and 2%) were additionally tested.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The acquired data showed that the prevalence of <i>Vibrio</i> species was 40% among the tested fish samples. <i>V. parahaemolyticus</i> was isolated at 20.8%. <i>Vibrio fluvialis</i> (8.3%), <i>Vibrio Mimicus</i> (8.3%), and <i>Vibrio alginolyticus</i> (2.5%). The recovered isolates were highly resistant to cefazolin (87.5%), ampicillin (77.1%), cephalothin (68.75%), penicillin, and streptomycin (100%, each). Lemon juice and sesame oil had marked antibacterial activities against <i>V. parahaemolyticus</i>.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Fish dipping in lemon juice and sesame oil was an effective way to lower the load of <i>V. parahaemolyticus</i> in fish. In addition, sanitary measures must be implemented to prevent microbial contamination in fish markets and aquatic environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 2","pages":"680-689"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11974316/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143812104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of black cumin (<i>Nigella sativa</i> L.) on the number of glial cells in white rats (<i>Rattus norvegicus</i>) exposed to cigarette smoke.","authors":"Marita Wahyunengtiyas, Amirul Amalia, Widjiati Widjiati, Sunaryo Hadi Warsito, Kadek Rachmawati, Iwan Sahrial Hamid, Hani Plumeriastuti, Viski Fitri Hendrawan","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i2.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i2.19","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cigarette smoke is known to have harmful effects on the brain, particularly on glial cells, which play a crucial role in maintaining the health and functionality of the central nervous system. <i>Nigella sativa</i> (black cumin) has been reported to have neuroprotective properties, but its effects on glial cells in the cerebellum and cerebrum when exposed to cigarette smoke are not well understood.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to determine the benefits of <i>N. sativa</i> on the number of glial cells in the cerebellum and cerebrum of white rats (<i>Rattus norvegicus</i>) exposed to cigarette smoke.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty white rats weighing approximately 105 g were divided into five groups: K (control group, no exposure to cigarette smoke and without given <i>N. sativa</i>), K+ (exposed to cigarette smoke, 2 cigarettes/day, and 0.5% CMC), and three treatment groups (P1, P2, and P3) exposed to cigarette smoke, 2 cigarettes/day, with <i>N. sativa</i> dosages of 300, 600, and 1200 mg/kg BW, respectively. The number of glial cells in the cerebellum and cerebrum was examined under a microscope at 400x magnification. Data were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA test, followed by the <i>post hoc</i> Duncan test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant difference (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in the number of glial cells in both the cerebellum and cerebrum between the control and treatment groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The administration of <i>N. sativa</i>, particularly at a dosage of 1,200 mg/kg BW/day, significantly increased and maintained the number of glial cells in the cerebellum and cerebrum of rats exposed to cigarette smoke.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 2","pages":"709-713"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11974293/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143812107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of the mycotoxins of some fungi isolated from poultry feeds on the relative weight of the liver and gizzard of broiler chicks in different regions of Karbala, Iraq.","authors":"Zeinab A M Al-Tememe, Mustafa Hadi Hamid, Mohanad Fadhl Hussain Al-Musodi","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i2.53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i2.53","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The spread of fungi in agricultural products in Iraq poses a great challenge to the productivity of meat broilers because of the contamination of most components of feed leeches at various ages, including poor storage. Fungi were isolated from wheat grains.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the effect of the fungi associated with poultry feed on gizzard and liver relative weight in a number of breeding halls in Karbala, Iraq.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fungi were isolated from wheat grains brought from some poultry farming halls in Holy Karbala Province. Three random samples were taken for each site. The results were analyzed using complete randomized design, and means were compared using the least significant difference test. The results showed the appearance of <i>Aspergiulls niger</i> and <i>Aspergiulls flavus</i> with a frequency of 70% and 40%, respectively. The isolated fungi were diagnosed using approved taxonomic keys.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The chickens treated with the mycotoxin of A. <i>flavus</i> reached 0.95 g, while the <i>A. niger</i> gave a weight loss rate of 1.20 g, with a significant difference from the fungus <i>A. flavus</i>. The gizzard weight of chickens treated with the treatment recorded a significant difference of 1.34 and 0.96 g, respectively. Regarding the effect of mycotoxins on the relative level of the liver, the fungal poison of <i>A. flavus</i> recorded a weight of 2.36 g, while the fungus <i>A. niger</i> gave a weight loss rate of 2.51 g, a significant difference from the poison of <i>A. flavus</i>.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results showed that spoilage of poultry feed, including wheat, caused by <i>A. niger</i> and <i>A. flavus</i> has a negative impact on poultry. <i>Aspergiulls niger and A. flavus</i> cause decreased liver and gizzard weight in meat birds as a result of treatment with mycotoxins.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 2","pages":"1050-1055"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11974269/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143812108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prenatal morphogenic and histogenic development of the kidney in rabbits (<i>Oryctolagus cuniculus</i>).","authors":"Mohamed Aref, Noha Ali Abd-Almotaleb, Eman H Elsheikh, Gamal A Salem, Mohamed A Nassan, Esraa Elsheikh","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i2.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i2.23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Rabbits are easily available and docile animals; thus, they are a promising model for medical research. White New Zealand rabbits are usually employed for research.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to determine the kidney's histological structure using rabbit embryos and fetuses at various stages of gestation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Morphogenesis and histogenesis of the kidney were assessed using Harris's hematoxylin and eosin staining at different gestational periods in rabbits.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Around the 10th day of gestation, the intermediate mesoderm started to differentiate into kidney tissue. The first primitive form of the kidney was the pronephros, which consisted of pronephric tubules and ducts. Large mesonephroi occupied a large part of the abdominal cavity from the 13th day of gestation and persisted for several days. At 15th day of gestation, the permanent kidney, the metanephros, began its differentiation and then persevered until formation of the adult kidney tissue at 24th day of gestation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study clarified normal kidney histogenesis in rabbits; this would provide better understanding of kidney diseases aid in kidney transplant.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 2","pages":"738-745"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11974278/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143812102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combined effects of <i>Aloe vera</i> leaf extract and vitamin E on wound healing in <i>Oryctolagus cuniculus</i> (Rabbits).","authors":"Anila Khan, Shakeeb Ullah, Faiqah Ramzan, Ata Ur Rehman, Saifur Rehman, Kholik Kholik, Akhmad Sukri, Muhammad Munawaroh, Teguh Hari Sucipto","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i2.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i2.18","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Wound healing is a complex process involving inflammation, proliferation, and tissue remodeling. <i>Aloe vera</i> and vitamin E (Evion®) are well-known for their wound-healing properties because of their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and collagen-promoting effects.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the comparative efficacy of <i>A. vera</i> leaf extract, vitamin E, and their combined application on wound healing in rabbits (<i>Oryctolagus cuniculus</i>).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty male rabbits were divided into four groups: control (treated with saline), <i>A. Vera</i>, vitamin E, and combined (<i>A. Vera</i> + vitamin E). Full-thickness wounds were created on the dorsum of each rabbit, and treatments were applied daily for 14 days. Wound closure rates were measured on days 0, 4, 7, 10, and 14, followed by histopathological and biochemical analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>By day 14, the combined treatment group demonstrated the most significant wound closure, reducing the wound area by 75% compared with 50% in the <i>A. Vera</i> group, 55% in the vitamin E group, and 35% in the control group. Histopathological analysis showed near-complete re-epithelialization, dense granulation tissue, and enhanced collagen deposition in the combined treatment group. The biochemical results indicated that the hydroxyproline levels were highest in the combined group (6.0 mg/g tissue) and that the antioxidant enzyme activity was elevated.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest a synergistic effect between <i>A. Vera</i> and vitamin E, leading to accelerated wound healing and improved tissue repair. The combination treatment has the potential to be a superior therapeutic approach for wound management.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 2","pages":"700-708"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11974294/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143811792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrastructural and developmental anatomy of the peripheral olfactory organs of <i>Dicentrarchus labrax</i> inhabiting Egyptian Mediterranean water.","authors":"Sheren A Al-Zahaby, Al-Ahmady S Al-Zahaby, Radwa A Mohamed, Dyah Haryuningtyas Sawitri, Eman H Elsheikh","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i2.43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i2.43","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Olfaction regulates animal behavior; hence, its organs are present early in fish development. Due to their aquatic lifestyle, fish use olfaction to communicate chemical signals during gustation.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>In this study, we investigated the morphogenesis and ontogeny of the European seabass's (<i>Dicentrarchus labrax</i>, Linnaeus, 1758) olfactory organ.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Scanning electron microscopy was used to study the development of these organs in fries, fingerlings,juveniles, and adults.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both placodes were thickened and invaginated, generating simple olfactory pits with undifferentiated cells. The non-sensory and sensory olfactory cells (OC) emerged after the first day of hatching. In addition to occasional mucous goblet cells, ciliated receptor cells are more common than microvillous receptor cells. Long, thin, disordered kinocilium and small microvilli of ciliated and microvillous supporting cells cover some of the pit floor. The SEC- lined pit bottom deepens 45 days after hatching. Fries develop tube-shaped anterior incurrents and broader posterior excurrent nostrils by the 75th day post-hatching, along with a broad epidermal nasal bridge. In this stage and after fingerling formation at 90 days post-hatching, the bottom olfactory epithelium lining each chamber forms a multilamellar rosette of lamellae that radiates equally from the median raphe. Fully mature European seabass have 38-40 lamellae. The pseudostratified epithelia surrounding each lamella are sensory and nonsensory. The first one, scattered in islets between the second, has receptor (ciliated, microvillous, and rod-tipped) and supporting (ciliated and microvillar) cells, whereas the nonsensory epithelium has ciliated and microvillar supporting cells and masses of superficial epidermal cells. Goblet mucous cells and basal stem cells on the epithelium's basal lamina are abundant in nonsensory areas but rare in sensory parts.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings underscore the functional specialization of OCs, reflecting the organ's pivotal role in chemical communication and environmental adaptation throughout the European seabass' development.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 2","pages":"939-953"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11974321/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143811823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the hazards associated with poultry meat and its products using European rapid alert system for food and feed notifications from 2000 to 2022.","authors":"Fawzy Eissa, Ahmed Alfifi, Alaaeldin Mohamed Saad, Walaa Fathy SaadEldin, Heba A Baz, Wageh Sobhy Darwish","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i2.47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i2.47","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The European Commission developed the Rapid Alert System for Food and Feeds (RASFF) as a monitoring and reporting tool for food safety risks and consumer protection among the European Union (EU) and the European Economic Area member states.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study evaluated the notifications of variable hazards on poultry meat and poultry meat products originating from global supply chains to the EU between 2000 and 2022 by analyzing notifications and alert incidences on the RASFF database.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 4,134 notifications were evaluated and analyzed, such studies were reported by 32 countries due to the presence of pathogenic microorganisms, residues of veterinary medicinal products, microbial contaminants, feed additives, and adulteration in addition to poor or insufficient controls from 48 countries worldwide.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The highest number of notifications was for poultry meat and poultry meat products imported from Poland (<i>n</i> = 1,208; 29.22%) and Brazil (<i>n</i> = 975; 23.58%). Among all reported notifications, pathogenic microorganisms were the most predominant (<i>n</i> = 3,356; 81.18%) across the variable categories of hazards. <i>Salmonella</i> was the most notified pathogen (<i>n</i> = 3,170; 76.68%). According to notification type, alert represented (31.88%), followed by border rejection (21.89%), and based on risk decisions, the vast majority of cases (54.26%) were considered as serious. The main measures taken in response to notifications were withdrawal from the market (12.62%) and import not authorized (11.46%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results revealed that imported poultry meat and poultry meat products are potential vehicles for clinically relevant risks, including microbial and chemical hazards.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 2","pages":"983-993"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11974287/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143811883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Neospora caninum</i> in goats from Iraq: A serological and molecular study.","authors":"Roqaya B Mohammed, Mansour J Ali","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i2.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i2.21","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Neospora caninum</i> is an Apicomplexa parasite that is an important abortive infectious agent in cattle, goats, and other domestic and wild animals.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to identify <i>N. caninum</i> using Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in suspected goats in Al-Diwaniyah Province, Iraq.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was conducted to identify <i>N. caninum</i> in blood and milk samples of 138 goats (92 blood and 46 milk samples) from suspected infected goats in Al-Diwaniyah Province, Iraq. Two techniques were used; ELISA and PCR (<i>NC5</i>-gene-based and partial sequencing), and the recorded data were categorized into age, sex, and region. Results: ELISA results revealed that the seroprevalence rates were 14.13% (13/92) in blood and 21.73% (10/46) in milk samples. The PCR results demonstrated that for the blood samples, 3/45 (6.66%) and 2/47 (4.25%) were positive for males and females, respectively. The PCR milk findings showed that the highest rates were 3/20 (15%) and 1/26 (3.84%) in the 2-4 and 4-6 age groups, respectively. Sequencing demonstrated close identities of the examined isolates to those from New Zealand and Australia for the blood and milk samples.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings of this study reveal that <i>N. caninum</i> is widely distributed in goats, which could be an important source of zoonosis in the tested areas. The phylogenetic analysis shows a shared ancestor between the study isolates and those from New Zealand and Australia.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 2","pages":"724-730"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11974280/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143811901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hemorrhagic septicemia: A major threat to livestock health.","authors":"Tita Damayanti Lestari, Aswin Rafif Khairullah, Ratna Damayanti, Sri Mulyati, Rimayanti Rimayanti, Tatik Hernawati, Suzanita Utama, Bantari Wisynu Kusuma Wardhani, Syahputra Wibowo, Dea Anita Ariani Kurniasih, Ilma Fauziah Ma'ruf, Ikechukwu Benjamin Moses, Ertika Fitri Lisnanti, Riza Zainuddin Ahmad, Ima Fauziah, Nina Amalia, Kartika Afrida Fauzia, Muhammad Khaliim Jati Kusala","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i2.3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hemorrhagic septicemia (HS) is an acute septicemic disease that primarily affects cattle and buffalo. This illness is caused by a specific serotype of Gram-negative coccobacillus, <i>Pasteurella multocida.</i> The frequency and distribution of HS epidemics involving various animal species vary according to the agroclimatic zone. HS has significant economic implications, particularly in Asia and, to a lesser extent, Africa. The transmission of HS can occur through direct contact, ingestion, or inhalation of contaminated feed or water. The virulence factors of <i>P. multocida</i> include a number of defense mechanisms or components that help the pathogen be detected by the host immune system. A number of components contribute to the pathogenicity of <i>P. multocida</i>, particularly its toxins and capsules. The primary clinical signs and peracute or acute pathological alterations in other HS cases include septic pneumonia, petechial hemorrhages, ecchymoses in the serous membranes, adrenal glands, and abomasum with severe bleeding, as well as widespread head and neck edema. Affected animals exhibit fever, sadness, and other vague clinical symptoms (such as reduced milk production), which are quickly followed by copious serous nasal discharge and excessive salivation. HS-causing <i>P. multocida</i> strains may not be found in previously obtained samples, but they can be cultivated from blood during the later stages of the illness. Antibiotics of several types have been used to treat HS. Effective control of various HS diseases will be aided by hygienic planning, immunoprophylaxis, chemotherapy, and fundamental management practices, including feeding and maintenance.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 2","pages":"519-532"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11974275/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143811919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}