Open Veterinary Journal最新文献

{"title":"Morphometric and richness analysis of free-living and parasite taxa-invading street wetlands in Port Said, Egypt.","authors":"Hadeer Abd El-Hak Rashed, Layla Omran Elmajdoub, Eman Fayad, Ali Hussein Abu Almaaty","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v15.i1.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/OVJ.2024.v15.i1.30","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Protists and helminths are considered the main organisms invading different cultures, especially aquatic organisms. Morphometric characteristics remain the most trustworthy descriptors of species identification or, more broadly, pattern recognition.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to provide morphological descriptions of the most prevalent Protista and helminths found in various street wetlands in Port Said, Egypt.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study collected three water samples per area each month. The samples were sent to the Parasitology Laboratory at Port Said University, Egypt. The samples were analyzed in two ways according to organism size. Large helminths were observed within 24 hours using a microscope, and their movements were recorded. Protists and helminth eggs were isolated by filtering water through a 0.45 μm cellulose acetate filter, followed by centrifugation. The isolated organisms were counted and imaged.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nine dominant organisms were identified in the collected samples, including five parasitic species (<i>Protoopalina</i> sp., <i>Balantidium coli</i>, <i>Entamoeba</i> sp., <i>Fasciola</i> sp., and <i>Haemonchus</i> sp.) and four free-living species (<i>Paramecium</i> sp., <i>Euplotes</i> sp., <i>Echiniscus</i> sp., and <i>Aeolosoma</i> sp.). <i>Protoopalina</i> sp. was the most abundant parasite (17.6%), exhibiting a cylindrical, elongated shape (97.3-139 µm in length, 30-48 µm in width). <i>Euplotes</i> sp. were the free-living organisms (17%), measuring 59.7-66.5 µm in length and 32.1-42.5 µm in width, featuring cirri and dark bristles. <i>Paramecium</i> sp., with lengths between 161 and 256 µm, was spindle-shaped and had visible contractile vacuoles. <i>B. coli</i> trophozoites measured 60-107 µm in length and 46.5-83.3 µm in width, with a large posterior macronucleus. <i>Haemonchus</i> sp. larvae were about 700 µm long, with a distinct tail filament assisting their complex movement.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The street wetlands in the surveyed area contain various free-living and pathogenic taxa. There is a need to link the presence of these organisms to physicochemical analyses. Future studies should prioritize broader geographic sampling, the integration of molecular techniques, and the exploration of host-parasite relationships.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"314-324"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11910293/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143649528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First molecular evidence of hemotropic <i>mycoplasmas</i> in goats from Bosnia and Herzegovina.","authors":"Amela Livnjak, Nejra Hadžimusić, Hans Peter Fuehrer, Bita Shahi-Barogh, Jovana Šupić, Lejla Pašić","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v15.i1.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/OVJ.2024.v15.i1.25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hemoplasmas represent the type of bacteria that infect red blood cells, potentially leading to various health impacts, including changes in blood parameters. The close interaction between hemoplasma and red blood cells results in cell damage through immune-related and other unspecified mechanisms. Even with a strong immune response and antibiotic treatment, affected animals are likely to remain chronic carriers once clinical symptoms have subsided. These microorganisms were previously documented in sheep and other small ruminants worldwide.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>Since there is a lack of research on the link between <i>Mycoplasma</i> infection and blood parameters, our aim was to investigate how <i>Mycoplasma</i> infection affects these blood parameters. In addition, the study conducted in Bosnia and Herzegovina represents the first documented research of hemoplasma infection in goats within this region.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this research, 20 Alpine goats were sampled to investigate the presence of hemoplasma using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. Sequences of the 16S rRNA gene fragments were identified subsequently. The effect of <i>Mycoplasma ovis</i> (<i>M. ovis</i>) infection was observed on the following hematological parameters: Red blood cell count (RBC), hematocrit (HCT), hemoglobin (HGB), mean cell volume (MCV), mean cell hemoglobin, mean cell hemoglobin concentration, Reticulocyte count, and white blood cell (WBC). Effect on white blood cell differentiation, absolute white blood cell counts, platelet count, and mean platelet volume were also investigated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PCR analysis confirmed the presence of <i>Mycoplasma spp</i>. in 7 out of the 20 blood samples. Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene fragments revealed that all positive samples were identified as <i>M. ovis</i>. The research findings highlighted potential effects on blood parameters in infected goats. Goats infected with <i>M. ovis</i> exhibited higher mean levels of HGB and HCT compared to uninfected goats. However, there were no statistically significant differences in RBC counts between infected and uninfected groups. The study also noted significantly higher WBC counts in goats without <i>M. ovis</i> infection.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>35% of animals tested positive for <i>M. ovis</i>. Our study's findings showed notable differences in hematological parameters between goats infected with <i>M. ovis</i> and those that were not infected.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"270-276"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11910294/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143649879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of a gelatin-based hemostatic sponge and hydroxyapatite-chitosan nanocomposites (nHAp/CS) on regeneration of radial bone defects in rabbits.","authors":"Taher Naser Elmeshreghi, Fathy D El-Seddawy, Mohamed Gomaa, Shimaa A Ezzeldein, Mustafa Abd El Raouf","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v15.i1.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/OVJ.2024.v15.i1.19","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Bone-graft substitutes are a frequently employed method for the clinical reconstruction of osseous bone defects, and research on synthetic biomaterials is currently ongoing. Absorbable hemostatic gelatin sponge and hydroxyapatite-chitosan nanocomposites (nHAp/CS) have gained popularity in recent years because of their inherent characteristics: osteogenesis, osteoconductivity, osteoinductivity, biodegradability, and biocompatibility.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of 1) a gelatin-based hemostatic sponge (Surgispon) and 2) a combination of a weight ratio of 75/25 nHAp/CS composite with a Surgispon for osteogenic potential in the treatment of full-thickness segmental osseous defects in the radius of rabbits.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The 18 New Zealand rabbits had 10-mm-induced segmental diaphyseal defects of the left limb radius and were randomly allocated into three groups: group I left the defects untreated (control group), group II used a Surgispon, and group III had a weight ratio of 75/25 nHAp/CS composite wrapped with a Surgispon. Quantitative evaluation of the bone repair at the defect site in each group (<i>n</i> = 6), radiographic, gross, computed tomography (CT), and histopathological examinations were performed at 6 weeks (<i>n</i> = 3) and 12 weeks (<i>n</i> = 3) postoperatively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The quantitative statistical analysis of various evaluation methods at 6 weeks post-implantation demonstrated that there was no statistically significant difference between the groups (<i>p</i> > 0.05). The statistically significant differences (<i>p</i> < 0.05) between groups I and II, while groups I and III, were evident 12 weeks postoperatively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings of the radiographic, macroscopic, CT, and histopathological analyses firmly demonstrate that the combination of a 75/25 weight ratio composite of nHAp/CS with Surgispon is more effective than Surgispon alone in its ability to significantly increase bone formation. This could provide a prospective option for treating segmental bone defects.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"198-210"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11910267/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143649870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuroprotection effect of bovine umbilical mesenchymal stem cell-conditioned medium on the rat model of Alzheimer's disease mediated by upregulation of BDNF and NGF and downregulation of TNF-α and IL-1β.","authors":"Hevi Wihadmadyatami, Muhammad Ali Zulfikar, Herawati Herawati, Srikanth Karnati, Golda Rani Saragih, Dinda Aliffia, Dyah A O A Pratama, Nurrahmi Handayani, Ulayatul Kustiati, Dewi Ratih Tirtosari, Yudy Tjahjono","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v15.i1.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/OVJ.2024.v15.i1.14","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) are distinguished by impairment and depletion of nerve cells; one of the most common NDDs is Alzheimer's disease (AD), which can appear in early onset or late onset. In recent years, the secretome or conditioned medium of mesenchymal stem cells has provided new hope for improving conditions and preventing AD. One of the secretomes is bovine umbilical mesenchymal stem cells-conditioned medium (BUMSC-CM), where BUMSC is predicted to promote neuronal proliferation potentially.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study analyzes the therapeutic efficiency of conditioned medium or secretome produced from BUMSC-CM in treating neurodegeneration in animal models of AD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Five groups consisting of 12 male rats were assigned: untreated (Group A, <i>n</i> = 5), positive control group given normal saline 1 ml/100 g BW (Group B, <i>n</i> = 5), AD rats model followed by Donepezil treatment (Group C, <i>n</i> = 5), AD rats model with BUMSC-CM 0.2 ml/kg BW post-trimethyltin (TMT) induction (Group D, <i>n</i> = 5), and AD rats model with BUMSC-CM 0.5 ml/kg BW post-TMT induction (Group E, <i>n</i> = 5). The brain samples were analyzed for neuronal density using cresyl violet staining. The expression and activity of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were analyzed by ELISA; in addition, interleukin 1beta (IL-1β), tumor necrotic factor-alpha (TNF-α), and neural growth factor (NGF) were analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Interactions between the main substances of BUMSC-CM and beta-amyloid protein were visualized using <i>in silico</i> molecular docking.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our result demonstrated that BUMSC-CM with the dosage of 0.5 ml/kg BW significantly increased BDNF concentration. We also found that BUMSC-CM with dosage 0.2 ml/kg BW and 0.5 ml/kg BW down-regulated IL-1β and TNF-α and upregulated NGF expression. Additionally, the number of neurons in AD rats post-treated with BUMSC-CM was significantly increasing. Furthermore, the amino acids in BUMSC-CM, including isoleucine, leucine, and valine, bind to the amyloid beta protein via interactions that are hydrophobic and hydrogen-bonded.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this study, the neuroprotective potential of BUMSC-CM was demonstrated by its ability to upregulate BDNF and NGF while downregulating IL-1β and TNF-α. Additionally, BUMSC-CM showed potential to promote neuron proliferation in the hippocampus regions of a rat AD model. The main constituents in BUMSC-CM adhere to amyloid beta protein, hence diminishing the likelihood of ND disorders, specifically AD.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"151-161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11910287/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143649629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wild fauna in Oman: Current situation and perspectives, with particular interest to turtles and ungulates.","authors":"Massimo Giangaspero, Salah Al Mahdhori, Sultan Al Bulushi, Ali Salim Bait Said, Metab Khalaf Salim Al Ghafri","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v15.i1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/OVJ.2024.v15.i1.4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In order to achieve optimal health for humans, animals, and our environment, the ‟One Health\" approach proactively engages various disciplines, including environmental health sciences, veterinary medicine, and human medicine. Therefore, wildlife conservation assumes a relevant role in this context. The Sultanate of Oman is a country with an immense biodiversity. In recent decades, authorities have actively protected wildlife and the natural environment. In 1994, the Arabian Oryx Sanctuary was created under the patronage of the Royal Diwan. The Environment Authority was recently established, and the plan \"Vision 2040\" was conceived with the ambitious goal of Oman becoming one of the top 20 countries for wildlife protection. Two species, in particular, show the amplitude of the efforts necessary to preserve this natural heritage and their survival: the oryx of Arabia and the green turtle. The oryx is not only a national symbol but, from extinction in nature, its return is also a success for the Omani sanctuary. The green turtles elected the Omani coasts as the second reproduction site in the world. Therefore, the delicate equilibrium of wild fauna in Oman is required to be studied and supported.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"35-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11910281/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143649720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular and serological detection of <i>Leptospira interrogans</i> among wild rats in flood-prone residential areas of Indonesia.","authors":"Dewi Masyithah Darlan, Evita Mayasari, Sunna Vyatra Hutagalung, Ahadi Kurniawan, Ledy Afrida Sinaga, Alemina Pinem, Bernike Ambarita","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v15.i1.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/OVJ.2024.v15.i1.39","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Indonesia is a tropical country with heavy rainfall, mostly in low-lying areas. Floods are one of the most common natural disasters in Indonesia, with climate change causing continuous flooding in some regions. The spread of human pathogens as a severe consequence of flooding, such as <i>Leptospira</i>, which may cause Weil's disease, is a concern for public health.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>In this cross-sectional study, we compared DNA from the rat kidney to serum samples to identify pathogenic <i>Leptospira</i> using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification to promote a less invasive method of collecting samples from the rat vectors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fifty-nine rodents inhabiting highly populated, flood-prone suburban regions were captured inside and outside houses. Following DNA extractions, we analyzed the quantity and quality of DNA concentration from the kidney and serum specimens using a nanophotometer. The <i>lipL32</i> gene was amplified to detect the pathogenic <i>Leptospira</i>.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean value of kidney DNA was 151.67 ng/µl with an average A260/A280 value of 1.836, whereas the mean value of serum DNA was 22.08 ng/µl with an average A260/A280 value of 1.233. Twenty (33.9%) kidney DNA and 10 (16.9%) serum DNA samples showed the target DNA (<i>lipl32</i>). The multiple sequence alignment analysis revealed the <i>lipL32</i> sequences homology to <i>Leptospira interrogans</i> ser. Copenhageni.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Rat kidneys exhibited higher DNA amount and purity than the serum. Moreover, the PCR detection of <i>lipl32</i> revealed higher positive results in kidney DNA than serum DNA samples, with high similarity to <i>L. interrogans lipl32</i> sequences. Therefore, the kidney remains a better DNA source than serum for the molecular analysis of <i>Leptospira</i> in rats.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"437-445"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11910279/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143649482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular characterization and associated risk factors of zoonotic cryptosporidiosis in bovine calves and humans in Menoufia governorate, Egypt.","authors":"Gehad Ramzy, Walid Mousa, Osama K Gaidan, Ahmed Zaghawa, Mohamed Nayel, Ahmed Elsify, Nourhan Eissa, Ashraf M Abu-Seida, And Akram Salama","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v15.i1.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/OVJ.2024.v15.i1.26","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><b>Cryptosporidium</b> is a common intestine anthroponotic protozoan parasite that affects humans and other animals all over the world. Many different kinds of vertebrates have their gastrointestinal epithelium infected by the ubiquitous, obligatory parasites of <i>Cryptosporidium</i> spp. In humans, those with weakened immune systems, including those with acronym for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, are most affected. Particularly prevalent in developing nations, cryptosporidiosis poses further difficulties for the underfunded public health system. Humans frequently harbor a number of <i>Cryptosporidium</i> species, whose prevalence varies according to socioeconomic level and level of animal husbandry.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The present study was conducted to ascertain the prevalence of <i>Cryptosporidium bovis</i> and associated relevant risk factors of contracting cryptosporidiosis in calves and humans in Menoufia governorate, Egypt. In addition, a phylogenetic analysis was performed for additional molecular identification in order to study the evolution of the parasite and comprehend the mechanism of cryptosporidiosis evolution in the selected governorate.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using direct wet smear, sedimentation technique, simple fecal flotation technique, and modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining technique, the parasitological analysis was conducted on fecal samples from 156 diarrheic calves and 125 humans in Menoufia governorate; polymerase chain reaction and phylogenetic analysis were further used.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Based on the microscopical examination, the prevalence of <i>Cryptosporidium</i> was 19.2% in humans and 64.1% in calves.‎ A statistical correlation was found between the prevalence of cryptosporidiosis in calves of American breeds, their early age, and the predominant warm climate. In the analyzed calves, the study was unable to detect any statistically significant difference between the type of diarrhea and increased infection. In terms of people, the study found no significant correlation between the sex of the people under inquiry, whereas a significant association was revealed among contracting cryptosporidiosis in young people, during warm climates, and among diarrhea sufferers. PCR application produced a 4% positive result. Following phylogenetic analysis, the <i>Cryptosporidium parvum</i> species was identified from the PCR-positive samples.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Different transmission trajectories were proposed by cluster analysis, and it was possible to take into consideration the role of calves for the zoonotic transmission of cryptosporidiosis to humans.‎.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"277-288"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11910276/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143649503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Restoration of sperm quality in lead acetate-induced rats via treatment with <i>Moringa oleifera</i> leaf extract.","authors":"Wurlina Wurlina, Imam Mustofa, Dewa Ketut Meles, Aswin Rafif Khairullah, Adeyinka Oye Akintunde, Kadek Rachmawati, Niluh Suwasanti, Dewa Made Sucipta Putra, Sri Mulyati, Suzanita Utama, Ulul Khoiriyah, Baich R Tyarraushananda Defvyanto, Sila Faredy Heriana, Katty Hendriana Priscilia Riwu, Riza Zainuddin Ahmad, Audrey Gracelia Riwu","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v15.i1.37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/OVJ.2024.v15.i1.37","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Lead intoxication triggers testicular toxicity via oxidative stress.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to explore the antioxidant potential of <i>Moringa oleifera</i> leaf extract (MOLE) in enhancing the semen quality of rats exposed to lead acetate.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-five healthy rats were randomly and equally divided into five groups. Group C served as the negative control, whereas group C+ was exposed to lead acetate at 50-mg/kg body weight (BW)/day without MOLE. The T1, T2, and T3 groups were exposed to lead acetate at 50-mg/kg BW and concurrently received MOLE at doses of 200-, 316-, and 500-mg/kg BW/day, respectively, for 20 days. On the 21st day, all rats were euthanized for blood collection and testicle harvesting.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The result showed that exposure to lead acetate at 50-mg/kg BW/day in group C+ led to significant decreases (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels, plasma membrane integrity, Leydig and Sertoli cell counts, spermatozoa numbers, sperm motility, and live spermatozoa, as well as significant increases (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in malondialdehyde levels and apoptotic and necrotic sperm, compared with control group C-. The administration of MOLE to rats exposed to lead acetate resulted in improvement in all of these variables. However, SOD and testosterone levels, as well as spermatozoa numbers, viability, apoptosis, and necrosis, did not recover in group T3 (<i>p</i> < 0.05) compared with control group C-.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>MOLE effectively restores sperm quality in lead acetate-induced rats.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"416-427"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11910306/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143649596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computational insights in CD58 binding to ASFV CD2v and in silico optimization of nanobody designs against the interface.","authors":"Albert Neil G Dulay, Richelle Mae E Padilla, Nyzar Mabeth O Odchimar, Fredmoore L Orosco","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v15.i1.32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/OVJ.2024.v15.i1.32","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>African swine fever (ASF) continues to hamper pork production worldwide. In addition to vaccines, there is a need to develop curative therapeutics, such as highly-specific antibodies or nanobodies (NB), against immunogenic proteins with important functions such as the viral CD2 (CD2v)-like protein. However, further characterization of CD2v, such as its binding with cellular partners, is needed for the rational development of such biologics.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>We aimed to analyze the binding interaction of CD2v from pandemic genotypes I and II and swine CD58 using molecular simulations and optimize the NB to target the conserved epitope around the identified binding site using a computational pipeline.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>CD2v-CD58 complexes and equivalents from swine and humans were generated and simulated to characterize their binding. Mapping of residue contributions to the binding, variability, epitope propensity, and epitope multiplicity allowed us to select a conserved region near the site. Optimized NB were developed from sequences deposited in the NanoLAS repository, following screening for physicochemical and reactogenic parameters, docking, iterative optimization, and molecular dynamics simulations compared to controls.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Simulations report poor affinity of CD2v to CD58 in the \"canonical\" pose and present a novel pose backed by docking, simulation data, and recent observations. The new site might have developed due to immunological considerations and may reproduce observed lymphocyte non-proliferation by hijacking CD58-CD2 ruler functions in immunological synapse formation. Two NB were also developed targeting genotype I and II CD2vs with stable binding and better affinity, solubility, allergenicity, and antigenicity than the controls NB22 and 18a3.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Herein, we showcase the power of computational biology techniques to elucidate ASF virus (ASFV)-host interactions and simultaneously design therapeutics to target the identified novel binding site. Further validation is needed to confirm these findings; however, future work on other relevant ASFV proteins may lead to potent cocktails with therapeutic potential.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"348-387"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11910285/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143649765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of experimental hepatic steatosis on apelin and various biochemical parameters in male white rabbits.","authors":"Rana Suhail Al-Juwary, Muntaha Mahmood Al-Kattan","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v15.i1.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/OVJ.2024.v15.i1.20","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hepatic steatosis is the second most prevalent liver disease following viral hepatitis, and its incidence is increasing rapidly, posing a significant threat to human health.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This research aimed to identify natural treatment methods that reduce the risk of experimental hepatic steatosis with triton by answering the following questions:Do polyphenols extracted from strawberries reduce the risk of experimental hepatic steatosis in rabbits?Do omega-3 extracted from almonds reduce the risk of experimental hepatic steatosis in rabbits?Is giving Omega-3, Vit. E considered the optimal treatment for hepatic steatosis?</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study aimed to assess the effects of strawberry polyphenols, omega-3 from almonds, omega-3, and vitamin E on reducing the risk of Triton-induced liver steatosis. The experiment involved 100 male rabbits (10-12 months old, 1,150-1,350 g) divided randomly into the following 10 groups: control group, Triton (300 mg/kg body mass) group, strawberry polyphenols group, strawberry polyphenols with Triton group, almond Omega-3 group, almond Omega-3 with Triton group, strawberry polyphenols with almond Omega-3 group, strawberry polyphenols with almond Omega-3 with Triton group, Omega-3, Vit. E group, and Omega-3, Vit. E with Triton group. Dosing occurred daily for 4 months.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results of the study indicated a significant increase in the levels of Triglycerides, Total cholesterol, Low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and Very low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol in the group of rabbits treated with Triton compared with the other groups, while these parameters decreased in the groups treated with strawberry polyphenols, omega-3 from almonds, omega-3, and vitamin E. In addition, the levels of High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, Paroxinase-1 activity, and apelin concentration decreased in the group treated with Triton but increased in the groups receiving strawberry polyphenols, omega-3 from almonds, omega-3, and vitamin E, at a probability level (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results suggest that polyphenols extracted from strawberries, Omega-3 extracted from almonds, and Omega-3, Vit. E is a suitable treatment for hepatic steatosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"211-221"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11910280/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143649823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}