Open Veterinary Journal最新文献

{"title":"Lung cancer: Animal model of lung cancer, molecular carcinogenesis of lung cancer, and antitumor effect of <i>Ocimum sanctum</i> against lung cancer.","authors":"Ulayatul Kustiati, Dwi Aris Agung Nugrahaningsih, Dwi Liliek Kusindarta, Hevi Wihadmadyatami","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i2.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lung cancer is the leading cause of fatalities related to cancer globally. There are numerous ways to treat lung cancer, including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation. Since these treatments have not yet shown satisfactory results, more research into the underlying mechanisms and different approaches to therapy and prevention are needed. Animal models are essential to the study of lung cancer because they offer priceless information about the etiology, course, and possible treatments for the illness. The therapeutic application of phytochemicals and medicinal plants to treat cancer-related compounds has gained attention subsequently. In addition to discussing the molecular carcinogenic and antitumor effects of the herbal treatment <i>Ocimum sanctum</i> (OS) in connection to lung cancer, this review will address the current awareness regarding lung cancer in animal models. The multitude of animal models used in lung cancer research-such as genetically modified mice, carcinogen-induced models, and xenograft induction-provides a solid foundation for understanding the illness. By easing the examination of the environmental and genetic factors involved and enhancing the analysis of possibilities for treatment, these models eventually assist in the further development of lung cancer therapy. Additionally, using the herb plant OS is essential for both treating and preventing lung cancer. Standardizing dosages and enforcing laws on the use of herbal medications require more in-depth investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 2","pages":"482-503"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11974298/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143811954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular detection and histopathological changes caused by <i>Eimeria tenella</i> in broilers in Al-Diwaniyah Province, Iraq.","authors":"Thanaa Ismael Jawad, Ghaidaa Abass Jasim","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i2.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i2.20","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Avian coccidiosis is one of the most significant and impactful diseases affecting the commercial poultry industry globally.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to identify the <i>Eimeria</i> species associated with chicken coccidiosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Conducted from November 2023 to April 2024, the research involved 150 avian samples. Intestinal samples were collected from chickens suspected of having coccidiosis at veterinary hospitals and clinics in Diwaniyah Governorate. To confirm the infection, a longitudinal incision was made in the ceca of the suspected infected chicken, and a direct swab was obtained. Part of the cecal contents was placed in a test tube for the fecal flotation method, while the remainder was stored in a separate test tube and refrigerated for DNA extraction. Additionally, a 1-cm tissue sample was collected from the cecum and preserved in formalin to assess histopathological changes. Samples were analyzed using microscopy and conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR), focusing on the small subunit 18S rRNA gene of the parasite, specifically internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS 1).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Microscopic analysis revealed parasitic oocysts in 19.3% of the fecal samples from the examined poultry. Furthermore, the PCR results indicated that <i>Eimeria tenella</i> was present in 22% of the fecal samples. The ITS-1 sequences of <i>E. tenella</i> from this study showed a high degree of similarity to those recorded in GenBank at 95%, with sequences from India (GQ856301, JX853825.1, JX853831.1, and PP002176.1), China (JX477100.1, FJ449692.1, GQ153631.1, and FJ449691.1), and Turkey (HQ680474.1) species. Overall, <i>E. tenella</i>, which causes coccidiosis in poultry, leads to significant histopathological alterations in the intestinal tissues of infected birds, including epithelial damage.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study concludes that <i>E. tenella</i> is present in the tested poultry within the governorate.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 2","pages":"714-723"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11974276/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143811981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biometrical parameters of internal female genitalia in western Libyan Barbary sheep.","authors":"Farg Aboashia, Fatma Alatrag, Aboulgasem Elmarimi, Abdalhalim Suaiee","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i2.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i2.12","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In Libya, the Barbary sheep plays an important role as a source of meat and wool. Improving animal production requires knowledge and understanding of the female reproductive system.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the biometry of the female genitalia of the Barbary sheep of Libya.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ninety-seven apparently healthy, non-pregnant female Barbary sheep genitalia were collected immediately after slaughter from the slaughterhouse. Biometric parameters, including the length and width of the genital organs, were measured using a vernier caliper. The biometric data were studied in two groups: the estrous phase or active ovary group (<i>n</i> = 47) and the inactive ovary group (<i>n</i> = 50). The active ovary group was subdivided into follicular phase (<i>n</i> = 24) and luteal phase (<i>n</i> = 23) groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that different dimensions of the genital organs between the ewes in the follicular andluteal phases of the estrous cycle were significantly affected (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In the inactive ovary group, no significant (<i>p</i> > 0.05) difference was observed in the mean length and width of both the ovaries and uterine horns, whereas the right and left oviduct lengths were significantly different (<i>p</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Knowledge of the biometric parameters of female genitalia would help in the identification of various organ abnormalities, diagnosis of pregnancy, and infertility treatment of Barbary sheep in Libya.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 2","pages":"640-645"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11974296/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143812071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Classification of productive hair ewes using hematocrit as a marker of resistance to gastrointestinal nematodes.","authors":"María Guadalupe Pulido López, Roberto González Garduño, Gerardo Jiménez Penago, Glafiro Torres Hernández, Maritza Zaragoza Vera, Josué Jonathan Ríos Hilario, María Guadalupe Zambrano Velasco","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i2.36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i2.36","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The selection of sheep with high genetic resistance to gastrointestinal nematodes is a sustainable alternative for parasite control.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study was performed to categorize three breeds of hair sheep according to their resistance to gastrointestinal nematodes during the peripartum period using hematocrit (HCT) and to compare these results with categorizations derived from the nematode eggs per gram of feces (EPG).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Parasitological records from two studies involving 46 Katahdin × Pelibuey and 25 Blackbelly ewes were used, along with information from pregnancy (week 22) to lactation (week 13) of a flock of 31 Pelibuey ewes. All ewes of the three breeds were naturally infected by grazing. The ewes were categorized as resistant, intermediate, or susceptible in each breed and by physiological stage (gestation or lactation) using the EPG ± three standard errors. We also categorized ewes based on their HCT ± one standard deviation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During pregnancy, resistant ewes were those with less than 257, 148, and 96 EPG for the Blackbelly, Katahdin, and Pelibuey breeds, respectively, while in lactation, resistant ewes had less than 1,587, 912, and 310 EPG, respectively. In the classification by HCT, Blackbelly ewes had values lower than 31.0%; therefore, only intermediate (HCT of 24.4%-31.0%) and susceptible ewes (HCT < 24.4%) were identified. Among the Katahdin, the resistant ewes had only 149 EPGs recorded during lactation, thereby making the classification by lactation-HTC (94 EPG) comparable to the classification by EPG. In Pelibuey ewes, classification by HCT during early lactation (week 1-4) allowed the selection of resistant ewes with higher EPG (379 EPG) compared with the EPG classification (80 EPG), but intermediate and resistant ewes had similar EPG.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Classification by HCT and nematode eggs per gram of feces allows the selection of ewes with resistance to gastrointestinal nematodes at the beginning of lactation.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 2","pages":"871-884"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11974281/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143811103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global initiatives to phase-out colistin use in food-producing animals.","authors":"Mohamed Omar Ahmed, Yousef M Abouzeed, Mohamed Ali Daw","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i2.4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Colistin (polymyxin E) is a former exclusive veterinary antimicrobial and one of the oldest antibiotics that is currently recognized as one of the highest priority and critically important antimicrobials for human medicine. For food animals, colistin is extensively used for multiple medical and nonmedical purposes, particularly for growth promotion, prophylaxis/metaphylaxis, and therapeutic purposes. As a result, colistin resistance is widespread along the food chain and is linked to multidrug-resistant bacterial infections in humans. Furthermore, human medicine is more reliant on colistin for serious infections in healthcare settings. As a result, different types of national bans/restrictions in food- producing animals have been implemented around the world.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The testimonies of 29 countries representing global initiatives to phase-out colistin use in animal production.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 2","pages":"533-540"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11974320/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143811910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Blend of natural phytobiotics enhances growth performance, feed efficiency, and the immuno-health status of fingerlings of Nile tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>).","authors":"Shreifa G Mabrouk, Asmaa M El-Nokrashy, Nahla A Ebied, Bahaa H Abdella, Mohamed M Zayed, Sayed M Aboleila, Radi A Mohamed","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i2.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i2.24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Numerous natural phytobiotic products are used as feed additives to enhance fish performance, quality, and immunity.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study evaluated the effect of a natural phytobiotics mixture [Syrena Boost (SB)] on growth performance, intestine health, immune-oxidative status, and hemato-biochemical parameters of fingerlings (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fish (<i>n</i> = 4,800, average initial weight = 1.247 ± 0.047 g) were randomly distributed in 12 aquatic compartments with a total water volume of 2 m3 (2 × 1 × 1 m) for each one, representing four groups, in triplicate: control group (CG), SB1, SB2, and SB3, in which fish received a basal diet (30/6, protein/lipid ratio) containing 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4 g kg-1 SB, respectively, for 60 days.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed a significant (<i>p</i> < 0.05) improvement in fish performance (survival rate, specific growth rate, weight gain, final weight, and feed conversion ratio) and intestine histomorphology (increased goblet cell number, intestinal villi length, but inter-villi space, decreased) in fish that received SB1, SB2, and SB3 compared with CG (<i>p</i> < 0.05) with the most favorable outcomes observed in treatment supplemented with SB2. Dietary inclusion of SB at different doses (SB1, SB2, and SB3) improved certain blood hematological parameters, including globulin and total protein, while decreasing aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, and albumin compared with CG (<i>p</i> < 0.05), with the most favorable outcomes observed in SB2. The fish showed improvements in digestive enzymes (lipase and amylase), antioxidant enzymes (increased catalase, superoxide dismutase), as well as a reduction in malondialdehyde, as well as showed improvement in the immunity health indicators (phagocytic index, phagocytic activity, and lysozyme activity), and gene expression (glutathione peroxidase, and catalase, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1β, insulin-like growth factor, interleukin-8, and growth hormone receptor) when they received SB1, SB2, and SB3 supplemented diets, with the most favorable outcomes observed in SB2 compared with CG (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Thus, the SB at 0.2 g kg-1 diet (SB2) can be used effectively in Tilapia diets to improve growth, intestinal health, blood health, oxidative status, and immune-related gene expression.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Dietary supplementation with a natural phytobiotic mixture (SB®) improved fish performance, intestine health, and the immune-physiological status of Nile tilapia fingerlings. The best findings in this experiment were observed in fish that received SB2.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 2","pages":"746-764"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11974310/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143811914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular study of <i>Streptococcus equi</i> isolated from horses with strangles in Iraq.","authors":"Saif Aldeen Kamal Abdul-Latif, Afaf Abdulrahman Yousif","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i2.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i2.22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Strangles is a highly contagious equine respiratory disease caused by <i>Streptococcus equi subsp. equi</i>. It is a globally significant pathogen and one of the most common infectious agents in horses. In Iraq, no sequencing data on this pathogen are available, and only two molecular studies have been published to date. This study provides preliminary insights into strain diversity and provides a foundation for future large-scale investigations.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the molecular characteristics, identify <i>SeM</i> gene alleles, and perform a phylogenetic analysis of <i>S. equi</i> isolates from horses in Baghdad, Iraq.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed 59 <i>Streptococcus spp</i>. isolates previously obtained from horses clinical samples. Conventional PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) targeting the <i>SeM</i> gene was used to identify <i>S. equi</i>. Additionally, nine PCR- positive <i>SeM</i> gene products were sequenced, followed by phylogenetic analysis and allele identification.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We confirmed 49 isolates as <i>S. equi</i> from the 59 isolates according to the molecular assay. Additionally, nine PCR products were used for sequencing and allele typing of the <i>SeM</i> gene, which provided the initial report of <i>SeM</i>-97 allele identification in Iraq. Phylogenetic analysis along with <i>SeM</i> gene typing revealed a close relationship between the Iraqi strains and one Iranian strain with 100% sequence identity, revealing important epidemiological relationships that may indicate regional ties to the strain detected in Iran.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The present study represents the first investigation of <i>SeM</i> allele typing in Iraq, identifying the <i>SeM</i>-97 allele of <i>S. equi</i> along with its unique amino acid variations. The findings highlight genetic similarities between Iraqi isolates and a strain from Iran, suggesting the potential regional dissemination of <i>S. equi</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 2","pages":"731-737"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11974311/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143812035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of lactoferrin in the treatment of <i>E. coli</i>-induced bovine mastitis.","authors":"Mohamed Ibrahim Mostafa, Saber Ali Saad, Asmaa Elsayed Mohammed, Elsaid Mohamed Mohamed Saafan, Amal Mohamed El-Sayed","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i2.44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i2.44","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Bovine mastitis (BM) is a costly disease in the dairy industry. It is associated with reduced milk production and changes in milk composition and quality. <i>Escherichia coli</i> is the most important pathogen causing BM.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to assess the efficacy of lactoferrin (LF) as an enhanced agent when combined with marbofloxacin for the treatment of <i>E. coli</i> BM.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eighty lactating cattle and buffaloes, 40 each, aged 4-6 years suffering from BM underwent clinical examination. Milk samples were collected for bacteriological examination. The recovered <i>E. coli</i> isolates were subjected to serological, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. BM cases were allocated into two groups: group (A) was treated with marbofloxacin combined with LF, and group (B) was treated with marbofloxacin alone.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifty <i>E. coli</i> isolates were recovered. Six serogroup were identified: O55, O103, O26, O11, O44, and O124. All isolates were sensitive to marbofloxacin, while there was resistance to gentamycin and ampicillin (26% each), cefquinome (14%), cefixime (10%), and SuLFamethoxazole and trimethoprim (4%). The molecular identification of <i>E. coli</i> strains revealed that the <i>16S rRNA</i> gene was present in all identified <i>E. coli</i> strains (100%). All isolates resistant to antibiotics encoded BlaTEM, <i>aadB</i>, <i>and Sul1, whereas</i> the <i>qnrS</i> gene was not detected in any <i>E. coli</i> isolate. The broth dilution method did not detect growth when the marbofloxacin (6 μg/ml) was combined with LF (2 mg/ml). Group (A) showed significant improvements compared with group (B), with no recurrence rate.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>LF can serve as a significant cotreatment agent for treating BM. As antibiotic resistance increases, LF-based drugs could play an important role in providing sustainable, effective alternatives for dairy animals.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 2","pages":"954-964"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11974306/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143812106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The employment of FTIR-ATR spectroscopy and GC-MS combined with chemometrics for rapid detection of adulteration of pork oil in Gabus fish oil (<i>Channa striata</i>) for halal authentication.","authors":"Dwi Lestari, Hasyrul Hamzah, Asri Dwi Endah Dewi Pramesthi, Eka Siswanto Syamsul, Putri Dela Safitri, Rika Nurjunnah, Abdul Rohman","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i2.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i2.13","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The muslim population is very concerned about halal food. Nowadays, there is a growing awareness among consumers regarding the adulteration of food. High-quality Gabus fish oil (halal) is very susceptible to being adulterated with Pork oil (non-halal) by unethical producers to gain greater profits.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The research objective was to use Fourier Transform Infrared-Attenuated Total Reflection (FTIR-ATR) spectroscopy and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in combination with chemometrics for the analysis of pork oil adulteration in Gabus fish oil.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Extraction of Gabus fish oil using the pressing method and pork oil using the soxhlet method. The oil components extracted were then analyzed using FTIR-ATR spectroscopy combined with chemometrics of linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and multivariate calibrations of partial least square (PLS) and principle component regression (PCR) using optimized conditions. The GC-MS data from methyl ester were processed using chemometrics principal component analysis (PCA) to group Gabus fish oil, pork oil, and palm oil.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The absorbance values at wavenumber regions of 1,500^-1,000 cm^-1 were selected for discrimination between Gabus fish oil and Gabus fish oil adulterated with pork oil using chemometrics of LDA. The LDA applied to the same wavenumber regions used in the quantitative analysis successfully classified Gabus fish oil, pork oil, and a Gabus-pork oil mixture with an accuracy of 100%. The prediction of pork oil was successfully determined using multivariate calibrations of PLS and PCR using optimized conditions. There are three fatty acid markers found in Gabus fish oil caprylic acid, pentadecanoic acid and arachidic acid. The PCA was applied for data GC-MS interpretation. An analysis by PCA was able to cluster and discriminate Gabus fish oil, pork oil, and palm oil.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>FTIR-ATR spectroscopy and GC-MS coupled with chemometrics is a rapid and accurate method for detecting and quantifying pork oil in Gabus fish oil for halal authentication.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 2","pages":"646-659"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11974319/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143811104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of veterinary drug use in driving antimicrobial resistance of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> isolates in smallholder swine farms in Central Vietnam.","authors":"Nguyen Van Chao, Ho Thi Dung, Vu Thi Thanh Tam, Phan Thi Hang, Bui Thi Hien","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i2.34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i2.34","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> is a well-known opportunistic pathogen widely present in humans and food- producing animals. The emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in S. aureus represents a major challenge to animal and public health. Poor biosecurity practices and the misuse and overuse of veterinary drugs in farming settings may apply environmental pressure, which favors the selection of AMR bacteria.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to describe veterinary drug usage (VDU), prevalence of AMR phenotypes, and associations among <i>S. aureus</i> isolates from swine of smallholder farms in Central Vietnam.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional survey was conducted to collect VDU data from smallholder swine farms. A total of 155 nasal swab samples were collected and used for isolating <i>S. aureus</i>. The AMR of <i>S. aureus</i> strains was tested using the disk diffusion method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Approximately 56.8%, 71.6%, 36.1%, and 69.7% of farmers used vaccines, disinfectants, and antimicrobials (AMs) for prevention and treatment, respectively. Of the 155 nasal swab samples, 99 (63.9%) were positive for <i>S. aureus</i>. Resistance was most commonly observed against oxacillin (59.6%), cefotaxime (59.6%), and linezolid (53.5%). Positive associations were found between the use of vaccines and resistance to oxytetracycline (OR = 3.28, p = 0.01) and povidone usage and resistance to meropenem (OR = 9.35, <i>p</i> = 0.03). Almost all positive associations were observed between the use of AMs (for both prevention and treatment) and AMR in <i>S. aureus</i>. Negative associations were found between resistance to oxytetracycline and the use of gentamicin, linezolid, streptomycin, and norfloxacin.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The present study highlights information on VDU, prevalence, AMR, and their associations with <i>S. aureus</i> isolated from a smallholder swine farm in Central Vietnam. These findings are expected to aid in developing countermeasures against AMR against swine production in Vietnam.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 2","pages":"847-862"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11974315/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143811816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}