Open Veterinary Journal最新文献

{"title":"Epidemiological investigation of <i>Mycobacterium bovis</i> infection by PCR in dairy cattle milk in Pangalengan, Bandung Regency, West Java, Indonesia.","authors":"Roostita L Balia, Kuswandewi Mutyara, Ardini Saptaningsih Raksanagara, Tyagita Hartady, Sarasati Windria, Shafia Khairani, Suseno Amien, Nilla Krisna Sari, Muhammad Farid Rizal","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i5.18","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i5.18","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Bovine tuberculosis (bTB), caused by Mycobacterium bovis, is a zoonotic disease that primarily affects cattle and may be transmitted to humans through aerosol exposure or consumption of unpasteurized milk. Although Indonesia has no officially reported clinical cases of bTB, molecular surveillance remains essential in dairy production centers.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to detect M. bovis in dairy cattle milk using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and to assess the potential risk of zoonotic transmission in Pangalengan, West Java.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 60 milk samples were collected from lactating dairy cows in three villages (Pangalengan, Sukamanah, and Margamulya). Deoxyribonucleic acid extraction was performed using a commercial kit, followed by conventional PCR targeting CSB1 and CSB2 gene regions specific for M. bovis. PCR products were analysed by agarose gel electrophoresis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All 60 milk samples (100%) tested negative for M. bovis. No specific 168 bp amplicon was detected in any sample; the positive control showed clear amplification.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>No evidence of M. bovis infection was detected in dairy milk samples from Pangalengan. These findings suggest a minimal current risk of zoonotic tuberculosis transmission via milk in this region; however, continued surveillance is recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"16 5","pages":"2757-2765"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13314231/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148352978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Histological effect of methotrexate on submandibular salivary glands in albino rats ( <i>Rattus norvegicus</i> ).","authors":"Bader Khatlan Hameed, Mahmood Nawfal Mustafa, Shaymaa Abdalkader Mahdy","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i5.47","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i5.47","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Methotrexate (MTX), a potent chemotherapeutic agent, is known for its efficacy in the treatment of various malignancies. However, its use is often accompanied by adverse effects on non-target tissues, including the salivary glands.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to identify the histological events and effects of MTX on the salivary glands of the experimental animals (rats).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study used albino rats (<i>Rattus norvegicus</i>). The patients were divided into two groups: a control group that received normal saline and a treatment group that received a therapeutic dose of MTX. The animals were euthanized after the specified treatment duration, and their submandibular glands were harvested for histological examination. Tikrit University, College of Veterinary Medicine, from October 2023 to December 2023.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Histological analysis revealed significant alterations in the submandibular gland tissue of the MTX-treated animals compared with the control group. These histological alterations underscore the potential cytotoxic effects of MTX on the salivary glands, which may contribute to the development of xerostomia (dry mouth) and other oral complications in patients undergoing MTX therapy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>MTX administration in albino rats induces histological changes in the submandibular salivary glands. Therefore, further studies using special dyes are recommended to detect more specific changes, as well as the use of some medicinal herbs to reduce the harmful effects of the drug.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"16 5","pages":"3052-3059"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13313897/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148352991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heavy metal contamination pathways and health risk assessment in raw buffalo milk from Egyptian dairy environments: Implications for safety and sustainability.","authors":"Aly M Aly, Eman M Ismail, Islam M Tork","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i5.7","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i5.7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Buffalo is an essential component of Egypt's dairy industry. However, their environmental pollution threatens the production and sustainability of the sector. Heavy metal (HM) contamination in dairy systems is a growing environmental and public health concern, particularly in developing regions experiencing increased industrial and livestock intensification.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate HM contamination in buffalo milk across three environmentally distinct dairy farms in Egypt, identify potential environmental exposure pathways, and assess associated public health risks.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>ICP-MS/MS was employed to determine the concentrations of lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), arsenic (As), and cobalt (Co) in composite milk samples (48) obtained twice weekly from three selected Buffalo dairies located in Al Qalyubia and Giza provinces, over two months, alongside tracing the possible contamination pathways of the collected environmental samples. Estimated daily intake (EDI) and target hazard quotient (THQ) were calculated for each metal based on the corresponding oral reference dose (RfDo) to evaluate public health implications. In addition, the water quality and the bedding nitrogen profile were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant differences (<i>P</i> < 0.05) were revealed among the farms in daily milk yield (DMY) and quality. Mercury, nickel, and cobalt were undetectable, whereas Pb, Cd, Cr, and As exceeded the maximum permissible limits of the Codex/WHO. Lead peaked in Farm 3 and arsenic in Farm 2, both of which were negatively correlated with DMY, with as far exceeding safety limits (>30 times the 0.01 mg/kg), indicating significant environmental exposure. The environmental matrices (water, feed, and bedding) showed notable metal enrichment with localized exceedances of turbidity, nitrite, and bromide, enhancing the water-feed-animal transfer pathway as a major contamination route. The calculated EDI and THQ values were below 1; however, the relatively high Pb and As concentrations underscore the need for continuous monitoring and mitigation strategies to ensure public safety.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Spatial variations in HM contamination, milk production, and associated health risk assessments reflected local environmental contamination from industrial, agricultural, and municipal sources. These findings highlight the need for continuous monitoring, source tracing, and planned farm management practices to protect the health of consumers and the sustainability of Egypt's buffalo dairy sector.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"16 5","pages":"2641-2658"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13313966/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148353028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chicory (<i>Cichorium intybus</i> L.) and plantain (<i>Plantago lanceolata</i> L.) inclusion improves some growth, production, and carcass characteristics of guinea pigs (<i>Cavia porcellus</i> L.) in the Peruvian highlands.","authors":"Shirley B Pariona-Rodas, Misael Rodriguez, Flor L Mejía, Medali Cueva-Rodríguez, Yolvi López, Héctor V Vásquez, José A Saucedo-Uriarte, Segundo J Zamora-Huamán, Ysai Paucar","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i5.6","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i5.6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Alternative forages, such as chicory and plantain, have been successfully applied in various animal species. As a result, these forages could serve as an alternative for raising guinea pigs in high Andean regions; however, few, if any, reports have been published on the effects of their inclusion on growth, production, and carcass yield.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to determine the effects of incorporating chicory and plantain into the diet of guinea pigs on growth, production, and carcass yield, elucidating the possibility of using these species for feeding guinea pigs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study was conducted in Andahuaylas-Perú, in an experimental period of 6 weeks. Five guinea pigs were randomly assigned to each diet treatment (30% chicory-70% lucerne, 30% plantain-70% lucerne, 50% chicory-50% lucerne, 50% plantain-50% lucerne, and 100% lucerne as a control). Growth, production, and carcass yield were measured. Covariance analysis was performed using R software, and the means were compared using Dunnett's method (α = 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Diets with chicory (30%-50%) improved the final live weight, weight gain, feed conversion ratio, and hot carcass weight, whereas diets with plantain (30%) improved the final live weight, dry matter intake, feed conversion ratio, and carcass weight compared with diets with 100% lucerne.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Chicory and plantain can optimize the growth, production, and hot carcass weight of guinea pigs in high Andean areas, surpassing traditional lucerne diets.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"16 5","pages":"2631-2640"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13314331/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148353047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibiotic resistance of <i>Escherichia coli</i> isolated from pigeon fecal samples in Bac Ninh, Vietnam.","authors":"Chu Thi Thanh Huong, Cao Thi Bich Phuong, Truong Lan Oanh, Le Van Truong, Truong Ha Thai","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i5.44","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i5.44","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pigeons are a potential reservoir for several pathogenic microorganisms, including <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Salmonella spp</i>., <i>Chlamydia</i> spp., and <i>Cryptococcus</i> spp. These microorganisms can also be pathogenic and antibiotic-resistant bacteria, posing risks to food safety and public health.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To determine antibiotic resistance and identify the <i>qnr</i> (<i>qnrA, qnrB, qnrS</i>) and <i>aac(6')-ib-cr</i> genes in quinolone-resistant <i>E. coli</i> strains isolated from pigeon farms in Bac Ninh, Vietnam.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 128 fresh dropping fecal samples were collected from pigeon farms in Bac Ninh, Vietnam, and transported to the laboratory for analysis within 24 hours. The <i>E. coli</i> strains were identified using biochemical tests and Gram staining. The antibiotic susceptibility of the <i>E. coli</i> strains was assessed using the disc diffusion method. The Plasmid-mediated Quinolone Resistance (PMQR) genes of quinolone-resistant <i>E. coli</i> strains were detected using polymerase chain reaction.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, 97/128 (75.8%) pigeon fecal samples tested positive for <i>E. coli</i>. The isolated strains showed the highest resistance to ampicillin at 69.1%, followed by sulfonamide and tetracycline at 64.9% and 52.6%, respectively. Gentamicin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole were resistant by 45.4% and 48.5% of the isolates, respectively. Resistance of <i>E. coli</i> strains to norfloxacin, doxycycline, nalidixic acid, and cefotaxime ranged from 19.6% to 36.1%. Using the agar diffusion method, 11.3% of the isolated <i>E. coli</i> strains were suspected to be meropenem-resistant. Sixty-six (68.0%) of the 97 <i>E. coli</i> strains were identified as multi-drug resistant. All quinolone-resistant <i>E. coli</i> strains carried at least one PMQR gene. Of these, the <i>qnrS</i>, <i>qnrA</i>, <i>qnrB</i>, and <i>aac(6')-ib-cr</i> genes were detected at rates of 65.6%, 56.3%, 15.6%, and 18.8%, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The <i>E. coli</i> strains originating from pigeons in the study area showed resistance to multiple antibiotics, potentially posing a risk of spreading antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains in livestock farming.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"16 5","pages":"3014-3024"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13313933/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148353051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mucosal delivery of pleurotus-based ISCOMATRIX elicits humoral and cellular immunity against pneumococcal infection.","authors":"Akunna Perpetua Emeruwa, Angus Nnamdi Oli, Malachy Chigozie Ugwu, Adekunle B Rowaiye, Chinemerem Paschaline Ogbu","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i5.60","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i5.60","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Pleurotus ostreatus</i> is an edible mushroom with known immunomodulatory compounds, such as saponins, with potential for vaccine adjuvant development.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study investigated the immunogenicity of an ISCOMATRIX-based adjuvant made with <i>Pleurotus</i>-derived saponins and delivered via mucosal routes to elicit protective immune responses against <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> infection.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Saponins were extracted from <i>P. ostreatus</i> using aqueous extraction, defatted with ethyl acetate, and purified using vacuum liquid chromatography. The ISCOMATRIX formulation was prepared by lipid film hydration and characterized accordingly. Mice were immunized through intranasal, oral, or rectal routes and evaluated for delayed-type hypersensitivity, bacterial load, neutrophil recruitment, antibody titers [Immunoglobulin A (IgA), Immunoglobulin G IgG)], and cytokine levels (Interferon ᵞ, Interleukin 4) using standard assays and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mice immunized intranasally and rectally showed significantly reduced inflammation and bacterial counts compared with controls (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Neutrophil recruitment was notably increased in the nasal and oral groups (<i>p</i> < 0.05), whereas rectal administration was not statistically significant (<i>p</i> > 0.05). All mucosal routes induced significantly elevated IgA and IgG titers, particularly via the intranasal route (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Elevated measures of Interferon-γ and Interleukin-4 were observed in splenocyte cultures from all immunized groups, indicating both Th1 and Th2 activation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Mucosal delivery of <i>Pleurotus</i>-derived saponin ISCOMATRIX formulations can induce robust immune responses against <i>S. pneumoniae</i> in animal models. Intranasal administration showed the most consistent immunogenicity among the tested routes. This platform holds potential as a non-invasive alternative to injectable pneumococcal vaccines, warranting further preclinical development.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"16 5","pages":"3203-3217"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13313869/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148353085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laboratory efficacy of green-synthesized silver and copper nanoparticles against malaria vector, <i>Anopheles sergentii</i> (Theobald, 1907) (Diptera: Culicidae).","authors":"Ahmed Z I Shehata, Magdy A A Ayad, Abdulnassar A Alteab, Ahmed N G Abdel-Aziz, Mohamed A M Shahat, Raafat M Shaapan","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i5.29","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i5.29","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Anopheles sergentii</i> is regarded as a significant vector-borne insect such as malaria.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This work sought to investigate the efficacy of silver and copper nanoparticles (AgNPs and CuNPs) produced from aqueous extracts of <i>Cestrum nocturnum</i> and <i>Salvia malticaulis</i> against various immature stages of <i>An. sergentii.</i></p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) pictures of generated AgNPs and CuNPs indicated that the diameters of the nanoparticles varied from 8.39 to 113.68 nm for AgNPs and from 12.05 to 66.45 nm for CuNPs, respectively. The efficacy of synthesized AgNPs and CuNPs against various immature stages of <i>An. sergentii</i> was estimated after 24 and 48 hours.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The UV-vis Spectrophotometric analysis findings for both AgNPs and CuNPs exhibited a single absorption peak within the 300-400 nm region, signifying the existence of spherical AgNPs and CuNPs. The efficacy of the produced AgNPs and CuNPs against the immature stages of <i>An. sergentii</i> escalated with higher concentrations of the tested nanoparticles. Calculated LC₅₀ values indicate that AgNPs and CuNPs produced from the aqueous extract of <i>Cestrum nocturnum</i> leaves were more effective against various stages of <i>An. sergentii</i> than those against <i>Sa. malticaulis.</i> In addition, the tested AgNPs were more effective against <i>An. sergentii</i> different immature stages than CuNPs. The LC₅₀ values of <i>Ce. nocturnum-</i> AgNPs against immature stages of <i>An. sergentii</i> recorded 13.93 and 13.18 mg/l against first instar larvae, 15.0 and 14.22 mg/l against second instar larvae, 17.06 and 14.31 mg/l against third instar larvae, 17.24 and 14.32 mg/l against fourth instar larvae, 17.56 and 14.82 mg/l against pupae after 24- and 48-hours post-treatment, respectively. In addition, a depression in Acetylcholinesterase level in <i>An. sergentii</i> different immature stages were recorded.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The <i>Ce. nocturnum</i> and <i>Sa. malticaulis -</i> synthesized AgNPs and CuNPs possess a significant activity against <i>An. sergentii</i> immature stages.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"16 5","pages":"2869-2882"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13314347/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148352977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current perspectives on avian tuberculosis in domestic and wild birds: Molecular diagnostics, genomic surveillance, and vaccination challenges.","authors":"Yulianna Puspitasari, Aswin Rafif Khairullah, Hartanto Mulyo Raharjo, Wiwiek Tyasningsih, Dea Anita Ariani Kurniasih, Ikechukwu Benjamin Moses, Bantari Wisynu Kusuma Wardhani, Fitrine Ekawasti, Bima Putra Pratama, Saifur Rehman, Riza Zainuddin Ahmad, Mutasem Abuzahra, Fadhila Utari, Syahputra Wibowo, Ilma Fauziah Ma'ruf, Sri Suryatmiati Prihandani","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i5.1","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i5.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Avian tuberculosis (ATB) is a chronic infectious disease of poultry caused by <i>Mycobacterium avium</i> subsp. <i>avium</i> and is widespread in various regions of the world. This disease has a serious impact on poultry health and causes significant economic losses, primarily due to decreased body condition, reduced egg production, and increased mortality, particularly in young birds or individuals with compromised immune systems. Furthermore, ATB poses an opportunistic zoonotic risk, particularly for immunocompromised humans, highlighting its relevance within the One Health framework. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of ATB, covering etiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical symptoms, diagnostic methods, risk factors, economic implications, and prevention and control efforts. Unlike previous reviews, this study integrates recent findings on epidemiological patterns, zoonotic considerations, and current diagnostic and control approaches to provide an updated perspective on ATB in both domestic and wild bird populations. Infection transmission can occur through consumption of contaminated feed or water, exposure to aerosols, and direct or indirect contact with infected poultry or wild birds that act as reservoirs. A multimodal approach involving clinical evaluation, histopathology, acid-fast staining, bacterial culture, molecular methods, and serology is generally required to establish a diagnosis of ATB. Given the limited effectiveness of pharmacological therapies, control strategies are focused on biosecurity, improved environmental sanitation, isolation or culling of infected birds, and vaccine development. This review emphasizes the importance of implementing integrated control strategies to limit disease spread, maintain poultry health, reduce zoonotic risks, and minimize economic impacts. This review is expected to support the development of more effective surveillance and control strategies for ATB by synthesizing current knowledge and highlighting research gaps.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"16 5","pages":"2562-2580"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13313856/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148352994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a suspension-based vero cell culture platform for the efficient propagation of lumpy skin disease virus.","authors":"Hadeer M Mossa, Soad Eid, Amira A El-Said, Ausama A Yousif, Ahmed A El-Sanousi","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i5.46","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i5.46","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) is an increasingly prevalent pathogen of significant global concern. It is indigenous to Africa and the Middle East and has recently spread to Europe and Asia. Vaccine-based control programs represent the most effective preventive strategy for disease management. The extraordinary worldwide dissemination of the virus necessitates establishing effective, scalable vaccine production systems to meet both local and global vaccine demand. Vaccine manufacturing has depended on LSDV multiplication in adherent cell cultures, thus constraining large-scale manufacturing.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to enhance and maximize the productivity of an LSDV on a suspension-adapted cell line. VERO cells are anchorage-dependent, and there are currently no commercially available suspension VERO cell lines. The creation of our customized cells constitutes a singular R&D investment. Vero cells were adapted for suspension growth to facilitate subcultivation, enhance process scalability, and reduce production costs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A robust small-scale suspension culture system of Vero cells was developed for the efficient propagation of LSDV. A preliminary step for industrial production in bioreactors, with optimized passage time and initial cell density, along with other factors such as cell density, medium composition, and agitation rates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The modified cells exhibited remarkable viability and proliferation rates in suspension, reaching 1.94 × 10⁶ cells/ml. Suspension-adapted Vero cells efficiently replicated LSDV, as shown by cytopathic effect observation, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and infectivity titration assays. After nine passages, suspension-adapted Vero cells reached 6.85 log₁₀ tissue culture infectious dose (TCID₅₀)/ml 96 hours post infection, compared to 5.5 log₁₀in adherent cells. The study demonstrated that LSDV productivity was significantly influenced by a multiplicity of infection of 0.1, a viable cell density of 5.8 × 10⁵ cells/ml, and adequate nutritional supplementation. These findings confirm that suspension-adapted Vero cells offer a promising and potentially scalable platform for the production of LSDV vaccine. Although the obtained results suggest advantages in terms of process control and culture flexibility, further studies in bioreactors are needed to confirm performance at industrial scales.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study shows high-titer LSDV production in suspension-adapted Vero cell culture (up to 7 × 10⁶TCID₁₀/ml), indicating its potential for future scale-up. These findings are intriguing, but bioreactor studies and process validation are needed to confirm industrial applicability and regulatory compliance.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"16 5","pages":"3039-3051"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13313818/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148352998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnesium oxide nanoparticles: A novel shield against CCl₄-induced hepatic damage via caspase-3 and TNF-α in rats.","authors":"Harseen M Rahim, Nadia A Salih, Bruska Azhdar","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i5.11","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i5.11","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄) is a widely used hepatotoxin that induces liver injury through apoptosis and inflammation. Magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles have shown potential hepatoprotective effects, which may depend on synthesis conditions such as pH.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the hepatoprotective effects of biosynthesized MgO nanoparticles from <i>Ornithogalum cuspidatum</i> against CCl₄-induced liver injury in rats and compare the efficacy of nanoparticles synthesized at pH 5 and pH 9.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>MgO nanoparticles were biosynthesized at pH 5 and pH 9 and characterized for crystalline structure (X-ray diffraction), elemental composition (energy-dispersive spectroscopy), and thermal stability (thermogravimetry). Male Wistar rats were divided into six groups: control negative, control positive (CCl₄), MgO pH 5, MgO pH 5 + CCl₄, MgO pH 9, and MgO pH 9 + CCl₄. Liver sections were immunohistochemically evaluated for caspase-3 and Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) expression using immunohistochemistry. Staining was assessed semiquantitatively based on intensity and percentage of positive cells, and a final immunoreactivity score was calculated as Intensity × % positive cells.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Characterization confirmed the successful synthesis and structural features of MgO nanoparticles. CCl₄ exposure increased caspase-3 and TNF-α immunoexpression, with higher scores observed in the CCl₄ group (caspase-3 = 12; TNF-α = 10) compared with the control group (score = 0 for both markers). MgO nanoparticles reduced caspase-3 and TNF-α expression in a pH-dependent manner. The pH 5 formulation showed moderate reduction (caspase-3 = 6; TNF-α = 6), whereas the pH 9 formulation showed greater reduction (caspase-3 = 4; TNF-α = 2), indicating a stronger protective trend.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>MgO nanoparticles mitigate apoptosis and inflammation in CCl₄-induced liver injury, with higher efficacy observed for nanoparticles synthesized at pH 9, highlighting the importance of synthesis conditions for optimizing hepatoprotective activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"16 5","pages":"2685-2695"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13314188/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148353001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}