Open Veterinary Journal最新文献

{"title":"Evaluating the efficacy of ethanolic extract of Tapak Liman (<i>Elephantopus scaber</i> L.) leaf in inhibiting pulmonary fibrosis: Mechanisms through anti-fibrotic cytokine promotion.","authors":"Asadig Emhemmed Alghoull, Salma Rifqi Firdausi, Yuyun Ika Christina, Sri Widyarti, Muhaimin Rifa'i, Muhammad Sasmito Djati","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v15.i1.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/OVJ.2024.v15.i1.11","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pulmonary fibrosis represents the most prevalent form of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia. The pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis using a bleomycin-induced mice model has indicated an imbalanced immune response such as an early massive inflammatory response, followed by fibrosis development. Therapy focused on restraining inflammation is one of the ways to inhibit fibrosis development. <i>Elephantopus scaber</i> ethanolic extract (ESEE) is known to have many beneficial compounds that were proven to possess anti-inflammatory activities, but its prospect in inhibiting pulmonary fibrosis development needs to be investigated.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the potency of ESEE treatment in inhibiting fibrosis development in the bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis mice model.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Healthy male BALB/c mice were divided into seven experimental groups (<i>n</i> = 8): healthy mice (N), vehicle mice (VC), pulmonary fibrosis mice (C-), pulmonary fibrosis received dexamethasone (C+), and pulmonary fibrosis mice received ESEE at a 0.0504 mg/kg body weight (BW) (D1), 0.1008 mg/kg BW (D2), and 0.2016 mg/kg BW (D3). Mice were given ESEE orally and intraperitoneal bleomycin injection daily for 14 days. Mice were then sacrificed on days 7 and 14 and spleens were isolated to determine the production of IL-10, TNF-α, and IFN-γ using flow cytometry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results revealed that a remarkable increase of TNF-α was found in the macrophage of pulmonary fibrosis mice model from day 7 to 14. An increase in IFN-γ production was also observed on day 7 and then decreased on day 14. The production of IL-10 was reduced in the fibrosis group at day 7 and continued to increase at day 14. Interestingly, ESEE treatment for 14 days could effectively reduce TNF-α and increase IFN-γ production. ESEE treatment could also maintain a stable production of IL-10 at each time point. ESEE at 0.1004 mg/kg BW (D2) showed the most effective activity in reducing pro-fibrotic cytokine than the dexamethasone group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Ethanolic extract of ESEE has demonstrated its beneficial prospect in regulating pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic cytokine to inhibit fibrosis development.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"118-125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11910286/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143649873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genotypic characteristics and phylogenetic tree analysis of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> isolates from sheep subclinical mastitis milk.","authors":"Alaa Shamil Alalaf, Ayman Hani Taha, Omar Hashim Sheet","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v15.i1.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/OVJ.2024.v15.i1.27","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> describes the greatest common cause of mastitis in sheep; however, little information was available concerning methicillin-resistant <i>S. aureus</i> (MRSA) in the milk of mastitis sheep.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The current study aimed to find exactly the incidence of <i>S. aureus</i> and MRSA in milk samples from sheep farmhouses in Mosul city, in addition to discovering specific genes that encode virulence factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Samples of 60 sheep's subclinical milk were gathered between October 2023 and February 2024 from various places around the Nineveh governorate. Standard methods that include selective media and biochemical testing were utilized in the current study. Furthermore, the <i>nuc, mecA, clfA, clfB</i>, and <i>coa</i> genes in <i>S. aureus</i> were determined utilizing a polymerase chain reaction technique.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>According to our findings, <i>S. aureus</i> was found in sheep subclinical mastitis at a rate of 23.3% (14/60) in sheep milk. Furthermore, all <i>S. aureus</i> isolates 100% appeared to carrying of the <i>nuc, mecA, clfA</i>, and <i>coa</i> genes, while 92.9% of isolates were positive for the <i>clfB</i> gene. The gene profiles of <i>S. aureus</i> isolates were divided into two primary categories. Based on the <i>clfA, clfB</i>, and <i>coa</i> genes, nine unique strains of <i>S. aureus</i> sequences were submitted to the NCBI GenBank. The phylogenetic tree analysis of all study isolates demonstrated its identity to various strains in the NCBI-BLAST.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The incidence of <i>S. aureus</i> infections emphasized the presence of an issue in husbandry practices, insufficient adherence to basic hygiene protocols, and the random use of antibiotics.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"289-299"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11910277/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143649881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Histopathological effects of repeated 14-day administration of rizatriptan benzoate in a nitroglycerin-induced migraine rabbits model.","authors":"Raghad Al-Saadi, Zainab Jamal Mohammed Jawad, Omar Hussein Khalaf, Siti Nur F Muhsain","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v15.i1.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/OVJ.2024.v15.i1.17","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Migraine is one of multiple attack neurological conditions that causes moderate to severe headaches with no defined pathophysiology and few animal models.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>Establishing an animal model that reproduces migraine-like action is important in medical research to identify the mechanism underlying this disorder. Additionally, it facilitates the availability and reliability of new models that may act as human surrogate models.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Rabbits were divided into four groups. Negative group, migraine group, rizatriptan-nitroglycerin group, and rizatriptan group. The frequency of head scratching and the histopathological changes in the brain, liver, kidney, and heart for groups were evaluated in all groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The behavioral characteristic of head scratching was significantly increased in the NTG group (50.4 ± 3.8) compared with the control group (9.2 ± 1.3) after 30 min of the experiment. Moreover, animals treated with rizatriptan benzoate (Riza) 10 mg/kg/orally for 14 days followed by NTG injection showed a significant decrease in the head scratch action (16.8 ± 2.3 and 17.6 ± 3.3) than the animals of NTG group (50.4 ± 3.8 and 43.6 ± 2.3) after 30 min and 60 min, respectively. Furthermore, animals treated with Riza alone showed no statistical differences in the head scratches (7.8 ± 1.3, 9.2 ± 0.8, 10.6 ± 1.1 and 9.6 ± 1.3, respectively) during the 120 min of the experiment, compared with the control group. Histopathological alterations in the brain of rabbits that received NTG showed severe diffuse dilated and engorged blood vessels. These changes were also recorded in the liver and kidney of this group. This marked vasodilation of blood vessels and central and portal veins confirms the successful induction of migraine in the rabbit model. In contrast, animals treated with Riza for 14 days demonstrated substantially less vascular dilation following NTG injection. No significant pathological lesions were observed in animals treated with Riza.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The current study successfully established a rabbit model of migraine using a single dose of NTG to induce migraine-like behavior. Moreover, pre-treatment with rizatriptan benzoate for fourteen days significantly reduced the symptoms of migraine and histopathological changes in different organs.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"179-186"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11910268/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143649882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular detection of blaTEM-encoding genes in multidrug-resistant Escherichia <i>coli</i> from cloacal swabs of ducks in Indonesia farms.","authors":"Susmitha Nur Ahadini, Wiwiek Tyasningsih, Mustofa Helmi Effendi, Aswin Rafif Khairullah, Muhammad Khaliim Jati Kusala, Ima Fauziah, Latifah Latifah, Ikechukwu Benjamin Moses, Sheila Marty Yanestria, Kartika Afrida Fauzia, Dea Anita Ariani Kurniasih, Syahputra Wibowo","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v15.i1.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/OVJ.2024.v15.i1.8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Globally, there is an increasing frequency of community-acquired illnesses caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing <i>Escherichia coli</i>. The presence of ESBL-producing <i>E. coli</i> in livestock is a concern, considering its transmission potential to humans, effects on animal health, risks to food safety, and the widespread spread of antibiotic resistance in both human and animal populations.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study investigated the prevalence and characterization of ESBL-producing <i>E. coli</i> in cloacal swab samples collected from duck farms in Jombang, Indonesia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In total, 125 cloacal swab samples of ducks were collected from farms. Samples were processed and analyzed for <i>E. coli</i> isolation using standard microbiology techniques. Isolated <i>E. coli</i> strains were further subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing and ESBL phenotypic detection using disc diffusion and double-disk synergy test techniques, respectively. Identified multidrug-resistant (MDR) <i>E. coli</i> strains were thereafter screened for the detection of <i>bla</i>TEM ESBL gene by PCR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 94 (52.2%) out of the collected 180 swab samples were positive for <i>E. coli</i>. Twenty-five (39.1%) out of the recovered <i>E. coli</i> isolates were generally noted to exhibit MDR traits. Exactly 24 (96%) out of the 25 MDR <i>E. coli</i> strains that were selected for molecular studies harbored the <i>bla</i>TEM gene.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The detection of MDR <i>E. coli</i> harboring <i>bla</i>TEM ESBL gene in ducks in our study area is a significant public health problem. Therefore, strong and impactful preventive measures, which would curtail the increasing dissemination of MDR bacterial pathogens in agricultural settings, are urgently needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"92-97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11910298/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143649521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MRI diagnostics and management of idiopathic epilepsy in ring-tailed lemur (<i>Lemur catta</i>).","authors":"Aistė Gradeckienė, Ieva Plungytė, Martinas Jankauskas, Dmitrij Kvitka, Dalia Juodžentė","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v15.i1.44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/OVJ.2024.v15.i1.44","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Epilepsy is a well-established and extensively studied condition in both human and veterinary medicine.</p><p><strong>Case description: </strong>A 4-year-old captive, intact male ring-tailed lemur (Lemur catta) presented with a 2-year history of recurrent seizures. History of disease, clinical and neurological examination, blood and immunological examination for <i>Toxoplasma gondi</i> and magnetic resonance imaging were conducted to identify potential underlying causes of the seizures. Magnetic resonance imaging findings were consistent with idiopathic epilepsy, and antiepileptic drug therapy was initiated with oral phenobarbital 10 mg/animal twice a day Serum levels were monitored to ensure therapeutic efficacy. Following the initiation of treatment, the patient experienced successful control of seizures, with no significant adverse effects noted during the follow-up period.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case describes the diagnostic approach and management of seizures in ring-tailed lemur, a species, that has not been described before.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"478-481"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11910269/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143649532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sensitivity of specimen type for diagnosing foot-and-mouth diseases in cattle using one-step real-time polymerase chain reaction (3D gene).","authors":"Siswani Siswani, Mochammad Hatta, Muflihanah Muflihanah, Nurul Muslinah Muhiddin, Fitrine Ekawasti, Rini Damayanti, Riza Zainuddin Ahmad, Putri Reno Intan, Fitriana Fitriana, Muhammad Ibrahim Desem, Ratih Rinendyaputri","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v15.i1.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/OVJ.2024.v15.i1.23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Indonesia is currently experiencing a foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) outbreak in livestock, caused by the FMD virus (FMDV). FMDV is easily spread to cause outbreaks in new geographical locations. Identifying FMDV infection through early diagnostic testing is important to track and prevent the spread of FMD in Indonesia. The use of appropriate samples is a crucial step in a study or survey to provide accurate results for diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The aim of our study was to evaluate the sensitivity of relevant oral mucosal epithelial swabs, hypersalivation swabs, and blood plasma specimen samples for FMDV diagnosis using one-step real time PCR (3D).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sampling was carried out by judgment or purposive, namely selecting animals that showed symptoms of the disease. A total of 109 samples were collected consisting of 3 types of oral mucosal epithelial swab specimens, hypersalivation swabs, and blood plasma collected from each cow reported as suspected FMDs in 8 districts in South Sulawesi were tested for FMDV using one-step RT-PCR (3D).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>FMDV infection in oral mucosal epithelial swabs (ct = 28.9), saliva (ct = 30.62), and blood plasma (ct = 37.17) compared to controls used from the Farma Veterinary Center (ct = 29.10) using RT PCR (3D gene). These results indicate that the sensitivity value of oral mucosal epithelial swab specimens is the same as positive controls, even more sensitive, than when compared to saliva or blood plasma specimens. Sensitivity depends on the cycle threshold (CT) value for each RT PCR test and should be preferred in crucial situations if possible.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings indicate that using oral mucosal epithelial swab specimens is more sensitive to be used as superior samples for FMDV detection using RT-PCR (3D) as a powerful tool for early detection to enable faster and effective treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"252-260"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11910301/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143649620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein destabilizer toxin from the scorpion, spider, and wasp group of toxins as a promising candidate for the identification of pharmacophores against viral infections.","authors":"Mousa O Germoush, Maged Fouda, Mohammad J S Mantargi, Moustafa Sarhan, Barakat M AlRashdi, Diaa Massoud, Ahmed E Altyar, Mohamed M Abdel-Daim","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v15.i1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/OVJ.2024.v15.i1.6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The SARS-CoV-2 virus is the infectious agent that causes coronavirus illness (COVID-19). The majority of virus-infected individuals will recover without the need for special care after experiencing mild-to-moderate respiratory symptoms. Some people, nevertheless, will get quite sick and need medical help. The choice of COVID-19 treatment should be made individually. The severity of the illness and the chance that it will worsen will determine the decision. Therefore, developing more potent medications is always a primary goal. Finding more effective drugs is a top priority. In this regard, natural animal toxins, such as toxin derived from scorpions, spiders, and wasps, have been found to include compounds that have significant therapeutic properties. Specifically, targeting the spike protein which acts as a gateway for the vires to enter the human or animal cells.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study focuses on the ability of toxins to destabilize the spike protein of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which is responsible for the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The active protein structure of the SARS-CoV-2, the toxins chosen obtained from the RCSB-protein data bank (PDB), and the molecular structures of toxins that were not proteins were either obtained from PubChem or downloaded as computer structure models from RCSB-PDB. Using molecular docking software such as \"PyRx,\" analyzers such as \"BIOVIA-Discovery studios\" and \"Pymol,\" and various techniques, the evaluation of the interactions between the spike protein and toxin was performed, to find possible pharmacophores that might serve as a foundation for upcoming medication development. The protein-ligand complex was put to test through the molecular dynamic (MD) simulation via visual molecular dynamics /nanoscale molecular dynamics application to determine the complex stability.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The current research findings reveal intriguing binding affinities and interaction patterns between the toxin and the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, where the complex was identified to be stable throughout the study resembling the cellular conditions via MD simulations. We discuss the implications of these interactions and how they might interfere viral infection and entry.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The current study sheds light on a promising avenue for the development of antiviral therapies, leveraging natural venoms as a source of inspiration for pharmacophore-based drug discovery opposing viral infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"69-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11910296/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143649877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antioxidant activity, antibacterial behavior, and anticancer impact of Egyptian propolis.","authors":"Marwa B M Gomaa, Khaled M A Abdelhameed, Sherien E Sobhy, Hanan M A Konper, Zienab A E Hassanein, Ahmed A Saleh, Mamdoh T Jamal, Elsayed E Hafez","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v15.i1.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/OVJ.2024.v15.i1.12","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Propolis, a resinous substance produced by bees, exhibits significant phytochemical and biological properties, which have been explored for various therapeutic applications.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study investigates the phytochemical composition, antioxidant activity, antibacterial efficacy, and anticancer potential of ethanolic extracts from three propolis samples (P1, P2, and P3).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Phytochemical screening was conducted to determine the presence of bioactive compounds, such as ascorbic acid, saponins, and tannins. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using the phosphomolybdate (PMA) and ferric reducing power (FRP) assays. The antibacterial efficacy against <i>Salmonella Typhimurium</i> and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> was assessed using the well diffusion method. Cytotoxicity and anticancer effects were investigated using the MTT assay on red blood cells (RBCs) and various carcinoma cell lines (HepG2, MDA, and A549). Gene expression analysis was performed using RT-qPCR to assess the upregulation of immune response genes (P53, Bcl2, Bax, Ca125, and C3).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Phytochemical screening revealed considerable quantities of ascorbic acid, saponins, and tannins in the propolis samples. The P1 sample exhibited the most substantial antioxidant activity, with FRP values at 62.9 mg/g DM and PMA content at 20.7 mg/g DM. In antibacterial assays, P1 demonstrated the highest inhibitory zones at the maximum concentration (400 mg/ml), outperforming standard antibiotic treatments. In cytotoxicity and anticancer assays, P1 preserved the highest percentage of RBCs from hemolysis and showed marked anticancer activity, with the lowest cell viability observed at 3.9 µg/ml. Gene expression analysis revealed significant upregulation of immune response genes, particularly in MDA and HepG2 cell lines upon P1 treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study underscores the potent antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticancer properties of propolis, highlighting its potential as a natural therapeutic agent. The observed activities suggest promising applications for propolis in combating bacterial infections and various cancer types, warranting further exploration into its molecular mechanisms and potential clinical uses.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"126-138"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11910300/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143649709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bovine spongiform encephalopathy: A review of current knowledge and challenges.","authors":"Tita Damayanti Lestari, Aswin Rafif Khairullah, Suzanita Utama, Sri Mulyati, Tatik Hernawati, Ratna Damayanti, Rimayanti Rimayanti, Bantari Wisynu Kusuma Wardhani, Kartika Afrida Fauzia, Ikechukwu Benjamin Moses, Riza Zainuddin Ahmad, Syahputra Wibowo, Ima Fauziah, Dea Anita Ariani Kurniasih, Zein Ahmad Baihaqi, Wasito Wasito, Muhammad Khaliim Jati Kusala, Ertika Fitri Lisnanti","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v15.i1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/OVJ.2024.v15.i1.5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), also referred to as mad cow disease, is a chronic degenerative disease that affects the central nervous system. BSE is caused by a misfolded isoform of the prion protein, a widely expressed glycoprotein. The illness is referred to as Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) in humans. In the United Kingdom (UK), BSE in cattle was first discovered in 1986. Based on epidemiological data, it appears that animal feed containing tainted meat and bone meal (MBM) as a source of meat protein is the common cause of the BSE outbreak in the UK. Clinical indicators in cows include irregular body posture, incoordination, difficulty in standing, weight loss, and temperamental changes, including agitation and hostility. Feeding livestock MBM obtained from BSE-infected livestock contaminated with BSE prions is the only known risk factor for BSE development. Strong evidence linking BSE to human transmission and a variant type of CJD has brought the disease to the attention of many countries. Screening living animals for BSE is challenging. In most cases, suspected animals are usually killed. Typically, the central nervous system is examined for prions to diagnose this illness. There is currently no robust treatment for BSE. The prevention of BSE can be achieved by avoiding the feeding of susceptible animals with ruminant tissues that might carry prions.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"54-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11910271/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143649638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infection rate of canine parvovirus in dogs presented at private veterinary clinics in Baghdad city.","authors":"Khalid Ismael Oleiwi, Mohammed Ali Hussein, Omar Attalla Fahad, Sura Osamah Abdulrazzaq","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v15.i1.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/OVJ.2024.v15.i1.35","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Canine parvovirus is the primary etiology of hemorrhagic diarrhea and mortality in puppies worldwide.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study was designed to investigate canine parvovirus in dogs in Baghdad by rapid testing.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Rectal swabs were collected from 864 dogs presenting at sixteen private veterinary clinics with clinical signs including vomiting, anorexia, nausea, and regurgitation. All dogs were subjected to detailed clinical, physical, and laboratory investigations from early October 2021 until April 2023.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 127 dogs were positive for parvovirus using the rapid test. The total infection rate of CPV was 14.69%, with a higher infection rate recorded in dogs less than 6 months and 3 months of age at 44.09% and 41.73%, respectively. A significant infection rate was reported in male dogs compared with female dogs, and the Terrier breed showed a higher infection rate than the other breeds included in this study. Fever was present in 78.33% of infected dogs as well as another clinical signs related to CPV infection. The infection rate was 71.65% in vaccinated dogs and 28.35% in unvaccinated dogs. After the treatment steps, 87.4% of the infected dogs recovered, and 12.6% of the infected dogs died.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>CPV is circulating in dogs in Baghdad city, and unvaccinated dogs younger than 6 months were most susceptible to the virus.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"395-401"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11910265/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143649511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}