Open Veterinary Journal最新文献

{"title":"Histomorphometry of limb skeletogenesis in prehatched precocial embryos (Japanese quail and Cochin chicken) and altricial embryos (racing pigeons and cockatiel birds).","authors":"Iftikhar Mohammed Abdul Karim, Ramzi Abdulghafoor Al-Agele","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i5.32","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i5.32","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Birds are the group of tetrapods that exhibit the greatest diversity in taxonomy and ecology. Limb development is a major focus of developmental and evolutionary biology research.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study characterized the variances in histomorphometry of skeletogenesis in precocial embryos, such as Japanese quail (Jq) and Cochin chickens (Cc), and altricial embryos, including Racing pigeons (Rp) and Cockatiel birds (Cb).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Six embryos were collected on days 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, and 18 of incubation. Three embryos were prepared and stained with Alcian Blue for chondrification and Alizarin Red for ossified bones. The remaining three embryos were subjected to histological evaluation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Initial signs of ossification appeared in the femur, tibiofibular, and humerus bones of Jq, Rp, and Cb embryos on day 8 and in the bones of Cc on day 10. The statistical study revealed that embryos of different developmental days had considerable variations in average ossified lengths for the humerus of the forelimb, especially Rp, and the femur of the hindlimb, notably in Jq. On day 8, microscopic examination revealed a hypertrophic area with enlarged chondrocytes in the middle and sides of the diaphysis. Osteoblasts significantly augmented the periosteal bone collar around the mid-diaphysis, enhancing its thickness toward the diaphysis center; by day 16, the primary woven bone had developed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study highlighted the growth rate of the hind limb in precocial embryos, particularly in Jq, which was higher than that in other embryos. These data serve as essential indicators and indispensable parameters for interpreting and elucidating the data collected in these studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 5","pages":"2138-2148"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12184481/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144485312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artisanal fisher ecological knowledge with morphometric measurements of Angel Sharks form Libya, Central Mediterranean.","authors":"Abdulmaula Hamza, Amal Abdel-Aziz Abunaqassa, Nusaiba Adel Al-Qrew, Noura Milad Saleh","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i5.23","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i5.23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Angel sharks (<i>Squatina</i> spp.) in the Mediterranean Sea are critically endangered, and there is a significant knowledge gap regarding their populations in Libyan waters.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to assess the status of Angel sharks in Libyan waters by integrating local ecological knowledge (LEK) from artisanal fishers with novel morphometric data.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Structured interviews were conducted with 53 artisanal fishers at the Tripoli fishing port (April-May 2022) to gather LEK on Angel shark distribution, abundance, and threats. Morphometric measurements were collected from seven Angel shark specimens that landed during the study period.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fishers encountered all three Mediterranean Angel shark species (<i>Squatina squatina</i>, <i>Sesbania aculeata</i>, and <i>Squatina oculata</i>) across several Libyan coastal areas (Tripoli, Misurata, Zuwara, Tajoura, and Qarabuli). Annual catch estimates of five or more Angel sharks per fisher were reported, primarily from depths of 10-300 m (mean: 124.02 m). Reported total lengths ranged from 15 to 200 cm, with the majority being between 15 and 100 cm. Trawling (43%), bottom gillnets (36%), and longlines (21%) were the main fishing methods associated with Angel shark captures. A significant positive correlation was found between distance from the coast and fishing depth (Spearman's <i>r</i>_s = 0.69, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Morphometric data included: <i>S. squatina (n</i> = 3; TL: 46-80 cm; weight: 884.0-6395.0 g), <i>S. aculeata</i> (<i>n</i> = 1; TL: 66 cm; weight: 1,884.0 g), and <i>S. oculata</i> (<i>n</i> = 3; TL: 44-52 cm; weight: 634.0-959.0 g). Fishers identified marine pollution, overfishing, illegal fishing practices, and inadequate enforcement as major threats to the Angel shark population.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provides critical baseline information on the abundance and distribution of angel sharks in Libyan waters, highlighting their continued presence and vulnerability. The findings underscore the urgent need for targeted conservation actions. This includes stock assessments, habitat protection, and fisheries management measures to ensure the long-term survival of these critically endangered species in the region.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 5","pages":"2066-2072"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12184467/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144485327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peritoneo pericardial hernioplasty in a 2-month-old Shih Tzu.","authors":"Rafaela Rodrigues Ribeiro, Guilherme Pinheiro Santos, Marco Augusto Machado Silva, Cindy Stefhani Dos Santos Silva, Tayanne Gobbi Mendes, Rauane Sousa de Moura, Iago Martins Oliveira","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i5.43","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i5.43","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Peritoneopericardial hernias (PPHs) are congenital malformations characterized by continuity defects between the diaphragm and the peritoneum that allow the transposition of abdominal organs into the thoracic cavity. These malformations can lead to clinical, gastroenterological, and respiratory problems, such as vomiting, dyspnea, and tachypnea. They can be congenital, and patients develop clinical signs at a young age or can be diagnosed as incidental when no complications occur. Furthermore, other malformations, such as cryptorchidism and cardiac interventricular communication, can present with congenital HPP.</p><p><strong>Case description: </strong>This article reports a case of PPH in association with a ventricular septal defect (VSD) in a pediatric canine patient. The dog, a female Shih Tzu, aged 2 months, presented with cyanosis, low weight, decreased body condition score (3/9), and underdevelopment in comparison with other puppies of the same litter. At physical examination, all parameters were within the normal range; however, there was a sound at the base of the heart during auscultation, and echocardiographic examination displayed VSD. Due to the dyspnea, thoracic radiography was performed, and the suspicion of PPH was confirmed. Peritoneopericardial hernioplasty surgery was indicated for a 2-month-old patient. During the surgical procedure, it was not necessary to enter the thoracic cavity in order to close the defect, and suture surgery was performed through the abdominal cavity accessed in the subxiphoidal region. Despite the high risks associated with the procedure, no intraoperative or anesthetic complications occurred.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The hernioplasty procedure was considered successful, and the patient's development and body condition score improvement, with the surgical procedure resolving all signs of respiratory distress.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 5","pages":"2259-2264"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12184471/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144485329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ruminoscopy in apparently healthy camel calves (<i>camelus dromedarius</i>): A technique description and ruminoscopic observations.","authors":"Abdulaziz H Almuhanna, Ayman Elnahas, Mohamed K Zabady, Sayed El-Hawari, Mohamed Marzok, Wael Eldeeb, Isam El Jalii, Zakriya Al Mohamad, Arafat Khalaphallah","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i5.30","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i5.30","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Accurate diagnosis of digestive disorders in camels requires validation and optimization of new diagnostic techniques to enable clear visualization of the rumen interior.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The aim of this study was to describe the validity of endoscopy for visualization of the rumen in camels.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ten apparently healthy camel calves were included in this study. Each camel was appropriately restrained, and the endoscope was inserted through the oro-esophageal route to enable visualization of the rumen.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Endoscopy via the oral route allowed visualization of the upper digestive organs and rumen. The ruminal mucosa, glandular parts of the rumen, and ruminal contents were also observed. The technique was performed safely, and no clinical complications were observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The application of ruminoscopy in camels was shown to be a noninvasive and rapid technique that enabled visual access to the appearance and contents. Such research has the potential to guide clinicians toward better diagnosis of ruminal disorders in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 5","pages":"2122-2126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12184463/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144485332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical and histopathological evaluation of 5-fluorouracil-induced oral mucositis in a rat model.","authors":"Ambar Kusuma Astuti, Samsul, Melva Louisa, Yuniardini Septorini Wimardhani, Andi Yasmon, Puspita Eka Wuyung","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i5.10","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i5.10","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chemotherapeutics like 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) may induce a variety of adverse effects, including oral mucositis (OM), which may necessitate treatment discontinuation in patients with cancer. Currently, only a few models of OM are available for studying many aspects of pathophysiology and treatments.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The current study examined the clinical and histological aspects of 5-fluorouracil-induced oral mucositis (5FU-OM) in rats.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We randomly divided 19 male Sprague-Dawley rats into 8 healthy rats and 11 that received a single dose of 5FU-OM. On the first day of the experiment, the 5FU-OM group was administered an intraperitoneal injection of 5-FU (150-mg/kg BW), whereas the healthy group was not administered the drug. The third day involved scratching the oral mucosa of all rats in both groups. Clinical observations included changes in body weight, food consumption, hair loss, and severity of oral lesions. At the end of the study, we collected cardiac blood and mucosal tissue samples to investigate hematological and histological alterations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our findings demonstrated that a single intraperitoneal injection of 5-FU and mucosal irritation might result in ulcerative OM. We discovered other clinical toxicities caused by chemotherapy, such as weight loss, red lacrimation, facial edema, epistaxis, and hair loss. 5-FU also produced hematological abnormalities, including anemia and thrombocytopenia. Histopathological changes included ulceration, bleeding, vasodilation, edema, and inflammatory cell infiltration.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This simple rat model of OM accurately replicates the clinical and histological mucosal responses to chemotherapy, including its systemic adverse effects. Thus, it can be used in research on OM.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 5","pages":"1958-1968"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12184472/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144485342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrophoretic protein profiles in seminal plasma and sperm: a comparative study of Bali and Wagyu Bulls.","authors":"Tulus Maulana, Panca Andes Hendrawan, Sutikno Sutikno, Pajri Anwar, Mokhamad Fakhrul Ulum, Rudy Priyanto, Jakaria Jakaria","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i5.18","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i5.18","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Seminal plasma and sperm play vital roles in fertility because they contain various proteins that influence sperm quality and function.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to compare the protein profiles of seminal plasma and sperm in Bali and Wagyu cattle and evaluate their correlation with fresh semen quality.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study was conducted at the Singosari National Artificial Insemination Center using 3 Bali and 3 Wagyu superior bulls aged 5-12 years. Sperm motility parameters were analyzed using computer-assisted sperm analysis (IVOS-Hamilton). Sperm were extracted using the PRO-PREPTM Protein Extraction Solution. Sperm and seminal plasma protein concentrations were measured using the BCA protein assay, and 1D SDS-PAGE was used to analyze protein profiles. The gels were stained with Coomassie Brilliant Blue to visualize protein bands.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Comparative analysis of semen characteristics, motility parameters, and kinematic parameters between Wagyu and Bali bulls revealed no significant differences. The seminal plasma protein concentrations in Bali bulls and Wagyu did not show a statistically significant difference. The sperm protein concentration in Bali bulls was significantly higher compared to Wagyu. Seminal plasma analysis of Bali bulls showed a diverse protein profile and Wagyu semen plasma had fewer bands, reflecting breed-specific differences. In contrast, sperm analysis of Bali bulls and Wagyu consistently showed heavy protein bands on sperm function and viability.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Bali bulls showed greater variation in spermatozoa protein than Wagyu, with protein differences at molecular weights of 60-63 kDa, 35 kDa, and 18-20 kDa. In addition, a positive correlation was found between the number of motile spermatozoa and the number of straws per ejaculate.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 5","pages":"2021-2029"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12184453/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144485359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The evaluation of animal welfare indicators based on transport duration and lighting differences in the slaughter of broiler chickens.","authors":"Widia Siska, Hadri Latif, Trioso Purnawarman","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i5.13","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i5.13","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The preslaughter process is a critical point in implementing animal welfare principles in poultry slaughterhouses. The duration of transportation from the farm to the poultry slaughterhouse and differences in lighting in the preslaughter room can affect animal welfare.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate animal welfare indicators by measuring corticosterone hormone concentration, bleeding time, and carcass quality in broiler chickens considering differences in transport duration and lighting conditions in the preslaughter room.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study used a completely randomized design with four treatments and two replications. A total of 40 chickens were sampled. The study was conducted across four treatments: (1) transport duration from the farm to the poultry slaughterhouses ≤2 hours; (2) transport duration from the farm to the poultry slaughterhouses >2 hours; (3) blue lighting; and (4) white lighting. For treatments (1) and (2), 10 chickens from different farms were used for each replicate. Treatment groups (1) and (2) received treatments (3) and (4) using blue light-emitting diode (LED) lights with an intensity of 18 lux and white LED lights with an intensity of 321 lux for 15 seconds. Treatment groups (3) and (4) each consisted of 5 chickens per replication exposed to blue or white light in the preslaughter room.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The average concentration of corticosterone hormone in blue and white light was 21.329 ng/ml and white light was 26.742 ng/ml. The average bleeding time under blue lighting was 187.15 seconds, and under white lighting, it was 203.05 seconds. Blue-light lighting can maintain carcass quality by 100% compared to white-light lighting, which produces varying quality.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Corticosterone hormone concentration, bleeding time, and carcass quality were influenced by lighting. The use of blue light preslaughter significantly improved the corticosterone hormone concentration, bleeding time, and carcass quality compared with white light. Overall, blue lighting resulted in better animal welfare indicators for broiler chickens in poultry slaughterhouses. Blue lighting is recommended for implementation at poultry slaughterhouses.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 5","pages":"1990-1997"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12184440/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144485335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of the effect of graded doses of dexamethasone administration on the functional system and maternal prenatal Wistar rat (<i>Rattus norvegicus</i>).","authors":"Amung Logam Saputro, Ragil Angga Prastiya, Muhammad Thohawi Elziyad Purnama, Ratih Novita Praja, Wiwik Misaco Yuniarti, Salipudin Tasil Maslamama, Azhar Burhanuddin, Dilla Chelsea Aziizahrani Santoso, Evelyn Zaalfa Winni Kusuma, Jihan Annisa, Shifa Salsabilla Praja, Wayan Ari Wijaya, Wira Tirta Jaladara","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i5.12","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i5.12","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Misuse of dexamethasone as a synthetic glucocorticoid anti-inflammation drug is prevalent because of its affordability and therapeutic benefits, despite frequent disregard for proper usage guidelines.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study investigated the effects of dexamethasone administration during the second trimester of pregnancy, which is the success or failure factor of final stage fetal development on progesterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), and endometrial thickness in Wistar rats.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study involved 120 pregnant female Wistar rats divided into four treatment groups as follows: C as the control without injection, T1 receiving dexamethasone doses of 0.36 mg/day, T2 receiving dexamethasone doses of 0.72 mg/day, and T3 receiving dexamethasone doses of 0.75 mg/day, which received injection treatment for seven consecutive days (days 8-14 of pregnancy). At the end of the study period, the following parameters were measured: progesterone, LH, and endometrial thickness.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Dexamethasone significantly decreased progesterone levels, LH, and endometrial thickness (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Progesterone levels in the control group differed significantly from all treatment groups (T1, T2, and T3). T1 was distinct from the control, T2, and T3 and no significant difference between T2 and T3. The LH levels of the control group were not significantly different from those of T1, but they differed significantly from those of T2 and T3. Similarly, T1 was comparable to the control but significantly different from T2 and T3. The endometrial thickness analysis revealed significant differences across all groups, with the control group consistently differing from T1, T2, and T3.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Dexamethasone administration during the second trimester caused adverse hormonal imbalances and disrupted endometrial development in pregnant rats. These findings underscore the risks of glucocorticoid misuse during pregnancy. Proper adherence to medical guidelines is crucial for minimizing the detrimental effects on reproductive function and fetal development. This study emphasizes the importance of monitoring and regulating dexamethasone use, particularly in pregnant individuals, to safeguard maternal and fetal health.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 5","pages":"1982-1989"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12184451/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144485340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of risk factors for foot and mouth disease emergence in East Java, Indonesia.","authors":"Saifur Rehman, Shakeeb Ullah, Mutasem Abuzahra, Mustofa Helmi Effendi, Budiastuti Budiastuti, Kholik Kholik, Muhammad Munawarah, Ali Zaman, Atta Ur Rahman, Muhammad Inamullah Malik, Sana Ullah, Saqib Ali Rustam","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i5.21","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i5.21","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is a highly infectious disease, affecting animals with divided hooves. FMD has seen significant outbreaks in East Java, Indonesia, highlighting the urgent need to understand the risk factors contributing to its emergence in this region. FMD spreads easily across borders and leads to significant economic losses due to illness, death, and trade limitations.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The current study aimed to identify risk variables connected to the FMD outbreak in East Java.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted risk factor investigations for FMD in seven districts of East Java province, in collaboration with the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine at Airlangga University and the Department of Livestock, East Java. A case-control study of 76 (case = 53, control = 23) livestock farms with a case-control ratio of approximately 2:1 was conducted in East Java, Indonesia. Data on multiple possibly correlated parameters were collected using a standardized questionnaire.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Univariate analysis of the current study showed that five risk factors (the presence of animals other than cattle, visits of the veterinarian, calf sections, mixing young calves with other animal species, and regular disinfection) were significantly associated (<i>p</i> < 0.05) with the occurrence of FMD. Multiple logistic regression showed that visiting veterinary doctors (odds ratio [OR] = 0.08, 95% CI = 0.01-0.52, <i>p</i> = 0.008), regular disinfection (OR = 3.98, 95% CI = 1.06-14.93, <i>p</i> = 0.04), and sharing equipment between healthy and infected farms (OR = 3.39, 95% CI = 0.95-12.1, <i>p</i> = 0.04) were significantly associated with the FMD outbreak in the vicinity in 2022.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Strengthening biosecurity protocols, limiting admissions of animals lacking documented vaccination records, and ensuring routine vaccination against FMD are all effective countermeasures to significantly reduce and alleviate the prevalence of FMD on Indonesian livestock farms.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 5","pages":"2049-2058"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12184443/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144485357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology and antibiotic resistance of <i>Salmonella spp</i>. in pet dogs: Implications for public health.","authors":"Thaar Mohammed Najim, Abdulhussain Samer Raad, Ahmed Abdullah Hussein, Mustafa Salah Hasan","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i5.14","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i5.14","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Salmonella spp</i>. are zoonotic pathogens that can be transmitted from pets and other animals to humans. The incidence of antibiotic-resistant <i>Salmonella</i> strains poses a severe threat to both veterinary and public health.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to isolate and identify <i>Salmonella spp</i>. in pet dogs and evaluate the antibiotic sensitivities of the isolated bacteria to assess public health risk in this context.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Rectal swabs were collected from 140 pet dogs attending veterinary clinics and cultured in selective media. Biochemical tests and API 20E strips identified presumptive <i>Salmonella spp</i>. Antibiotic sensitivity testing (AST) was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method with a panel of antibiotics commonly used for empirical therapy, and minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined for selected strains.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong><i>Salmonella spp.</i> were isolated from 25 (17.9%) dogs, with the highest prevalence observed among younger dogs (≤ 3 years). Higher rates of isolation were observed in Labradors and Bulldogs. Antibiotic resistance testing was performed on all isolates, revealing that 60% were resistant to tetracycline, 48% to amoxicillin, and 28% to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, with lower rates of resistance for ciprofloxacin (12%) and gentamicin (20%). The isolation of multidrug-resistant strains, mainly those resistant to last-resort antibiotics, including ciprofloxacin, represents a significant concern.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study emphasizes the importance of surveillance for <i>Salmonella</i> prevalence and antibiotic resistance in pet dogs for public health. This study shows that continued surveillance and research are needed to strengthen our prevention of <i>Salmonella</i> transmission and to control and find new ways to combat antibiotic resistance in veterinary and human medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 5","pages":"1998-2003"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12184449/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144485360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}