Open Veterinary Journal最新文献

{"title":"Tissue integrity and healing response in hypoestrogenic animal model treated by mesh implantation with addition of mesenchymal stem cell secretome.","authors":"Tri Isyani Tungga Dewi, Deni Noviana, Bambang Pontjo Priosoeryanto, Gunanti Gunanti, Mawar Subangkit","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v15.i1.15","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v15.i1.15","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pelvic organ prolapse increases in prevalence and incidence in older women and hypoestrogenic conditions. Treatment with native tissue surgery has a fairly high recurrence rate. Mesh-augmented surgery is one of the most promising treatments for pelvic organ prolapse, with high effectiveness and low recurrence. Mesh-augmented surgery has a side effect of tissue erosion. The addition of secretome is expected to improve tissue integrity and reduce tissue erosion.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the effect of adding the umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (UC-MSC) secretome on preventing tissue inflammatory responses, improving tissue integrity, and accelerating wound healing.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 32 female New Zealand white rabbit hypoestrogenic models were divided into two groups: the control group with normal mesh and the secretome group with artificial mesh. Hypoestrogenic models were created using the bilateral ovariectomy method. Mesh implantation was performed using a surgical method on hypoestrogenic rabbits. The animals were euthanized on days 7, 14, 28, and 90 after mesh implantation. Histopathology parameters included angiogenesis formation, fibroblast number, and collagen deposition area.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>The results of this study showed that the number of angiogenesis, fibroblast, and collagen deposition data in the secretome group showed higher significantly <i>(p</i> < 0.05) than those in the control group on days 7, 14, 28, and 90 post mesh implantation. The formation of new blood vessels (angiogenesis) in the secretome group demonstrated a mean value of 9.81 ± 2.2 compared to 0.37 ± 0.03 in the control. The number of fibroblasts in the secretome group averaged 151.00 ± 8.14, in contrast to 34.00 ± 13.37 in the control group. Collagen formation in the secretome group was also higher, with a mean value of 80.02 ± 6.71 compared to 59.49 ± 4.61 in the control group over 90 days of observation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The administration of secretomes from UC-MSC improved tissue integrity and accelerated wound healing.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"162-170"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11910305/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143649717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of multidrug-resistant <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> isolated from duck cloacal swab in Jombang, Indonesia.","authors":"Naomi Lan Noviana Thesia, Aswin Rafif Khairullah, Mustofa Helmi Effendi, Wiwiek Tyasningsih, Yulianna Puspitasari, Susmitha Nur Ahadini, Ikechukwu Benjamin Moses, Sheila Marty Yanestria, Katty Hendriana Priscilia Riwu, Wasito Wasito, Zein Ahmad Baihaqi, Riza Zainuddin Ahmad","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v15.i1.28","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v15.i1.28","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> bacteria is one of the pathogens that are often found in poultry and can cause various diseases in animals and humans. Currently, there are many reports of increasing multidrug resistance (MDR) <i>K. pneumoniae</i> showing including carbapenems, extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL), and fluoroquinolones.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The purpose of this study was to determine the antibiotic resistance pattern and the presence of multidrug resistance <i>K. pneumoniae</i> isolates isolated from duck cloacal swabs taken from duck farms in three different sub-districts, namely Paras sub-district, Karang Turi sub-district, and Tembelang sub-district, Jombang district.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study used 180 duck cloaca swab samples and analyzed for the presence of <i>K. pneumoniae</i> using standard microbiology techniques. Positive isolates of <i>K. pneumoniae</i> were then tested for antibiotic resistance using the disk diffusion test method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study showed that 21 (100%) isolates were resistant to antibiotics and 16 (76.19%) isolates were MDR.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The presence of bacteria that are resistant to many types of antibiotics is a threat to public and animal health.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"300-306"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11910295/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143649807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frozen semen quality of Pasundan bulls with different individual variations.","authors":"Abdullah Baharun, Pirda Parida Permadani Pertiwi, Annisa Rahmi, Natashya Chandra Rachmadanti, Ristika Handarini, Hikmayani Iskandar, Daud Samsudewa, Tulus Maulana, Syahruddin Said, Imam Darussalam, Nurcholis Nurcholis, Raden Iis Arifiantini","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v15.i1.22","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v15.i1.22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pasundan bulls are one of Indonesia's indigenous cattle breeds. The quality of frozen semen is essential for the success of artificial insemination (AI), as individual variations in parameters such as sperm motility, viability, and membrane integrity greatly influence reproductive outcomes.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality of frozen semen from Pasundan bulls with different individual variations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Frozen semen from eight Pasundan bulls was obtained from the West Java Regional Artificial Insemination Center. Sperm motility was assessed using computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA; SpermVision®, Germany). Sperm viability and abnormalities were determined by eosin-nigrosine staining. Plasma membrane integrity was evaluated using the hypoosmotic swelling test, acrosome integrity was assessed using fluorescein isothiocyanate-propidium iodide, and protamine deficiency was measured using chromomycin A3 fluorescence staining.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant individual variations (<i>p</i> < 0.05) were found across all parameters of frozen semen quality, except for sperm abnormalities, which showed no significant differences (<i>p</i> > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results showed that individual variations significantly influence all quality parameters of frozen semen from Pasundan bulls, except for sperm abnormalities. Therefore, a thorough assessment of each bull is crucial to ensure the production of quality frozen semen.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"244-251"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11910274/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143649880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Newcastle disease virus vaccines and genetic variations on interleukin-4 activation in broiler chicken.","authors":"Rand Jaleel Edan, Rawaa Saladdin Jumaa","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v15.i1.34","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v15.i1.34","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Newcastle disease virus is a virus that causes a significant economic impact on the poultry industry and is primarily controlled through vaccination. Most of the vaccinations with the LaSota strain are either live attenuated or inactivated vaccines, both of which are from the Lentogenic pathotype.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the influence of vaccine type and genetic variations on Chicken Interleukin-4 (ChIL4) activation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Three groups were examined: Group K received the killed vaccine, Group L received the live vaccine, and Group C served as the control. Blood samples were collected on days 15, 25, and 35 post-vaccinations to assess ChIL4 levels using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay and for molecular analysis using polymerase chain reaction.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Group K showed a gradual increase in ChIL4 levels from 11.19 ± 0.17 to 13.70 ± 0.38, while Group L exhibited an initial increase on day 15 followed by stabilization on days 25 and 35. In contrast, ChIL4 levels in Group C declined over time from 4.84 ± 0.39 to 4.32 ± 0.25. Molecular analysis revealed four genetic variations of the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) type at locations (3044, 3132, 3261, 3499) bp, with the third SNP at location (3261 bp) resulting in an amino acid change from valine to isoleucine. Analysis indicated that variants for most of these SNPs occur more likely in Group K compared to the other two groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest that genetic variations, particularly SNPs, may play a significant role in ChIL4 activation, potentially impacting vaccine efficacy and immune response.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"388-394"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11910270/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143649111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular identification of tetracycline resistance genes in <i>Escherichia coli</i> isolates from internal organs of swine sold on Abakaliki, Nigeria.","authors":"Emmanuel Nnabuike Ugbo, Mustofa Helmi Effendi, Agatha Ifunanya Ugbo, Wiwiek Tyasningsih, Bernard Nnabuife Agumah, Hartanto Mulyo Raharjo, Aswin Rafif Khairullah, Rebecca Chinenye Ogba, Fitrine Ekawasti, Sheila Marty Yanestria, Ikechukwu Benjamin Moses, Katty Hendriana Priscilia Riwu","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v15.i1.16","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v15.i1.16","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Swine is one of the major sources of protein to humans worldwide; antimicrobial-resistant <i>Escherichia coli</i> has become a global public health challenge affecting both humans and livestock due to the presence of tetracycline resistance genes.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study focused on molecular identification of tetracycline resistance genes (<i>tet</i> A and B) in <i>E. coli</i> isolates from internal organs of swine sold in a slaughterhouse at Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 75 internal organs of swine samples were collected from slaughterhouses. Standard microbiological procedures were employed to evaluate the samples bacteriologically. Using the disk diffusion method, antibiotic susceptibility testing was conducted on <i>E. coli</i> against specific classes of antibiotics, and the multiple antibiotic resistance index was calculated. The polymerase chain reaction was utilized for the molecular identification of the tetracycline resistance genes, specifically <i>tet</i> A and B.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of the 75 samples analyzed, 24 of 75 were positive for <i>E. coli</i> with an overall prevalence of 24/75 (32.0%). The small intestine and colon had higher percentages of <i>E. coli</i> isolates 6/15 (40.0%). However, <i>E. coli</i> isolates were resistant to erythromycin, tetracycline, and ampicillin which ranged from 20.0% to 75.0%, and susceptible to gentamycin and ciprofloxacin at a range of 75.0%-100.0%. Exactly, 8 (33.3%) isolates were both multidrug and tetracycline-resistant. The presence of <i>tet</i> A 6/8 (75.0%), <i>tet</i> B 5/8 (62.5%), and <i>tet</i> A and B 4/8 (50.0%) was reported.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Multidrug and tetracycline resistance genes have been observed in <i>E. coli</i> isolated from internal organs of swine and are of public health concern.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"171-178"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11910291/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143649524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of autogenous bone grafts on the regeneration of radial bone defects in rabbits compared to autogenous advanced platelet-rich fibrin plus.","authors":"Taher N Elmeshreghi, Fathy D El-Seddawy, Mohamed Gomaa, Mustafa Abd El Raouf, Shimaa A Ezzeldein","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v15.i1.31","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v15.i1.31","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Bone grafts are an established treatment performed for managing segmental bone defects resulting from tumors, infections, high-energy trauma, congenital deformities, and nonunion.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To determine the regenerative potential following the sole implantation of rib, coccygeal, and advanced platelet-rich fibrin plus (A-PRF+) autografts to repair radial bone defects in rabbits.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Radial mid-shaft defects of 10 mm were created on the left limb of 24 rabbits. The animals were randomly assigned to four groups based on the type of defect filling: control (no filler), A-PRF+, coccygeal, and rib. Diagnostic imaging modalities, including X-rays and computed tomography (CT), with macro- and micro-histopathological examinations, were employed for postoperative assessment at 6 weeks (<i>n</i> = 3) and 12 weeks (<i>n</i> = 3), respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The statistical analysis of quantitative bone formation scores of diagnostic imaging and histopathology at 6 weeks postoperatively demonstrated fundamental significance differences between the rib and control groups and the coccygeal and control groups (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The radiographic scoring method at 6 weeks indicated a statistically significant difference between the rib and A-PRF+ groups (p < 0.01), in addition to the coccygeal and A-PRF+ groups (<i>p</i> < 0.01). In the CT evaluation, a significant difference was observed between the rib and A-PRF+ groups (<i>p</i> < 0.05). All A-PRF+ quantitatively assessed methods exhibited no statistically significant difference between the A-PRF+ and control groups at 6 weeks postoperatively. At 12 weeks, the A-PRF+, coccygeal, and rib groups presented substantial differences from the control group as evidenced by X-rays, CT scans, and macro- and micro-histopathological analyses.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The implantation of autograft rib and coccygeal bone to treat radial bone defects proved a significantly enhanced capacity for promoting bone ingrowth. In addition, coccygeal vertebrae serve as a viable alternative source for bone autografts in veterinary surgery. The efficacy of A-PRF+ enhanced osseous regeneration in treated radial bone defects, but it remained inferior to rib and coccygeal autografts.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"325-338"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11910297/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143649716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of dietary inclusion of bile acid and fat percent on growth, intestinal histomorphology, immune-physiological and transcriptomic responses of Nile tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>).","authors":"Yi Yuan, Amira A Omar, Wasseem Emam, Radi A Mohamed","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v15.i1.21","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v15.i1.21","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Bile acids (BAs) are made from cholesterol in the liver and are then coupled with taurine or glycine before being expelled by the hepatocyte. BAs are very important for the emulsification of dietary fat for easy nutrient absorption processes.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of dietary BA supplementation and dietary fat percent on the growth performance, morphology of the intestine, immune-physiological responses, and transcriptomic responses of Nile tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using diets containing three different inclusion levels of fat (5%, 7%, and 9%) with or without BA supplementation (0.4 g/kg), fish were fed for 90 days.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>BA supplementation significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05) improved growth performance and feed utilization, with fish-fed BA-supplemented diets exhibiting higher final weight (FW), weight gain (WG), and feed conversion ratio. Dietary fat levels also significantly affected growth performance, with higher fat levels leading to higher FW, WG, and specific growth rate. BA supplementation also positively (<i>p</i> < 0.05) affected intestinal morphology, immune response, and antioxidant capacity. Fish-fed BA-supplemented diets had higher intestinal villus height, lysozyme activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities, and lower malonaldehyde concentration. Gene expression analysis revealed that BA supplementation upregulated (<i>p</i> < 0.05) the expression of antioxidant-related genes (SOD, glutathione peroxidase, and CAT, growth-related genes (GHr1 and insulin growth factor 1), and intestinal mucin gene (MUC2) while downregulating (<i>p</i> < 0.05) the expression of fatty acid synthase and pro-inflammatory genes (interleukin 1β and tumor necrosis factor alpha).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>BA dietary supplementation accompanied with 7% fat can be a valuable tool for improving Nile tilapia's growth performance, feed utilization, intestinal health, immune function, and antioxidant capacity.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"222-243"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11910266/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143649835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paratuberculosis in sheep and goats: Pathogenesis, diagnostic findings, and control strategies.","authors":"Mohamed Tharwat, Haytham Ali, Abdulrahman A Alkheraif","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v15.i1.1","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v15.i1.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Paratuberculosis (PTB), also known as Johne's disease, is a chronic contagious granulomatous disease of a wide variety of animals. It is caused by <i>Mycobacterium avium</i> subsp. <i>paratuberculosis</i>. This review summarizes the pathogenesis, clinical, hematobiochemical, sonographic, pathologic findings, and approaches to treatment and control of PTB in sheep and goats. Decreased appetite, weight loss, and changed fecal consistency were reported in sheep and goats with PTB. Clinical disease in sheep and goats is generally observed in those 2-4 years old. Other findings may include anorexia, coat roughness, and depression. The recorded hematological changes included neutropenia, leukocytosis, erythrocytosis, and increased hematocrit percent and hemoglobin concentration. Serum changes included hypocalcemia, hypoalbuminemia, hypomagnesemia, hypoproteinemia, and increased activity of creatine kinase. An overall increase in the intestinal mucosa thickness was detected on sonography in goats with PTB. Corrugation and folding of the intestinal mucosa may be also imaged in goats with PTB. However, the remarkable enlargement of the mesenteric lymph nodes is the most important finding. In sheep, postmortem findings included thickened intestinal walls, folding and corrugation of intestinal mucosa especially close to the ileocecal junction. Edematous and enlarged ileocecal and mesenteric lymph nodes may be observed. In goats, necropsy findings included enlargement of the mesenteric lymph nodes and thickened walls of the small intestines with folded and corrugated mucosa. No successful therapy of PTB in sheep and goats has been reported. The control of PTB in sheep and goats can be achieved by vaccination. In conclusion, early detection and eradication programs of PTB should be implemented more effectively for the control of PTB in sheep and goats. More research should be directed toward a vaccination program of PTB in these species.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11910304/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143649550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temperature and spinosad-induced modulation of antioxidant enzyme activity and gene expression of adaptive stress-related genes in <i>Ceratitis capitata</i>.","authors":"Maged Fouda, Amira Negm, Mousa Germoush, Shaymaa Mahmoud","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v15.i1.10","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v15.i1.10","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Environmental changes and rising temperatures have intensified the emergence of insect species as significant agricultural pests. Understanding the physiological and molecular responses of these pests to heat stress is essential for developing effective pest management strategies.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To investigate the antioxidant enzyme activities and gene expression profiles of <i>Ceratitis capitata</i> under heat stress, spinosad exposure, and their combination to understand adaptive mechanisms and potential pathways for pest control.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, adult <i>C. capitata</i> were collected from grapes (<i>Vitis mustangensis</i>), mangoes (<i>Mangifera indica</i>), and yellow guava (<i>Psidium guajava</i>) cultivated in Egypt during June, July, and August 2023. Laboratory experiments assessed antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, malondialdehyde, and glutathione-S-transferases) and gene expression levels of heat-shock protein 70, cytochrome P450, CYP6a9, and metallothionein. Adults were exposed to three conditions; high temperature (40°C); spinosad at its LC₅₀ (3.2 µg/ml) at 25°C, and combined spinosad exposure and high temperature.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Heat stress significantly increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the expression of stress-response genes in <i>C.</i> <i>capitata</i>. Spinosad exposure induced moderate increases in these activities, suggesting a detoxification response. The combined treatment of spinosad and heat stress amplified these effects, indicating a synergistic stress response.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings provide insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying <i>C</i> <i>. capitata</i>’s heat tolerance and suggest potential pathways for pest control interventions under climate change.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"108-117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11910302/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143649710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A bibliometric analysis of six decades of camel research in North Africa: Trends, collaboration, and emerging themes.","authors":"Razan Naji, Mahmoud Kandeel, Maryam Mahmoud","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i12.34","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i12.34","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Camels play a crucial role in North Africa's economy and agriculture, providing essential products, transportation, and tourism.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study conducts a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of camel research in North Africa between 1964 and 2024. The primary objectives are to evaluate research productivity, identify key contributors, and highlight emerging trends.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were collected from the Scopus database, which contained 1805 research documents. Bibliometrix and VOSviewer were used to visualize co-authorship networks, citation patterns, and keyword trends.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The research output has increased dramatically since the mid-2000s, with a peak in publications between 2018 and 2020. Collaborations made up 53.91% of articles. The research clusters in camel studies from North Africa include camel physiology and reproduction, focusing on topics such as ovarian function, semen preservation, and seasonal variations; Microbiology and genetics, addressing microbial infections and genetic diversity; Epidemiology and disease control, which covers studies on disease prevalence, risk factors, and seroprevalence; and Camel milk research, emphasizing its nutritional and therapeutic properties, particularly related to oxidative stress and antioxidants.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Camel research in North Africa has grown significantly, with a focus on health, genetics, and sustainability. However, there are still gaps in molecular and transdisciplinary research, notably in areas such as genetic diversity and ecological integration. Future research should prioritize these areas and foster greater international collaboration to address pressing concerns like climate change.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"14 12","pages":"3505-3524"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11799631/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143382814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}