Open Veterinary Journal最新文献

{"title":"Exploring the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein destabilizer toxin from the scorpion, spider, and wasp group of toxins as a promising candidate for the identification of pharmacophores against viral infections.","authors":"Mousa O Germoush, Maged Fouda, Mohammad J S Mantargi, Moustafa Sarhan, Barakat M AlRashdi, Diaa Massoud, Ahmed E Altyar, Mohamed M Abdel-Daim","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v15.i1.6","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v15.i1.6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The SARS-CoV-2 virus is the infectious agent that causes coronavirus illness (COVID-19). The majority of virus-infected individuals will recover without the need for special care after experiencing mild-to-moderate respiratory symptoms. Some people, nevertheless, will get quite sick and need medical help. The choice of COVID-19 treatment should be made individually. The severity of the illness and the chance that it will worsen will determine the decision. Therefore, developing more potent medications is always a primary goal. Finding more effective drugs is a top priority. In this regard, natural animal toxins, such as toxin derived from scorpions, spiders, and wasps, have been found to include compounds that have significant therapeutic properties. Specifically, targeting the spike protein which acts as a gateway for the vires to enter the human or animal cells.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study focuses on the ability of toxins to destabilize the spike protein of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which is responsible for the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The active protein structure of the SARS-CoV-2, the toxins chosen obtained from the RCSB-protein data bank (PDB), and the molecular structures of toxins that were not proteins were either obtained from PubChem or downloaded as computer structure models from RCSB-PDB. Using molecular docking software such as \"PyRx,\" analyzers such as \"BIOVIA-Discovery studios\" and \"Pymol,\" and various techniques, the evaluation of the interactions between the spike protein and toxin was performed, to find possible pharmacophores that might serve as a foundation for upcoming medication development. The protein-ligand complex was put to test through the molecular dynamic (MD) simulation via visual molecular dynamics /nanoscale molecular dynamics application to determine the complex stability.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The current research findings reveal intriguing binding affinities and interaction patterns between the toxin and the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, where the complex was identified to be stable throughout the study resembling the cellular conditions via MD simulations. We discuss the implications of these interactions and how they might interfere viral infection and entry.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The current study sheds light on a promising avenue for the development of antiviral therapies, leveraging natural venoms as a source of inspiration for pharmacophore-based drug discovery opposing viral infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"69-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11910296/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143649877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antioxidant activity, antibacterial behavior, and anticancer impact of Egyptian propolis.","authors":"Marwa B M Gomaa, Khaled M A Abdelhameed, Sherien E Sobhy, Hanan M A Konper, Zienab A E Hassanein, Ahmed A Saleh, Mamdoh T Jamal, Elsayed E Hafez","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v15.i1.12","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v15.i1.12","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Propolis, a resinous substance produced by bees, exhibits significant phytochemical and biological properties, which have been explored for various therapeutic applications.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study investigates the phytochemical composition, antioxidant activity, antibacterial efficacy, and anticancer potential of ethanolic extracts from three propolis samples (P1, P2, and P3).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Phytochemical screening was conducted to determine the presence of bioactive compounds, such as ascorbic acid, saponins, and tannins. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using the phosphomolybdate (PMA) and ferric reducing power (FRP) assays. The antibacterial efficacy against <i>Salmonella Typhimurium</i> and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> was assessed using the well diffusion method. Cytotoxicity and anticancer effects were investigated using the MTT assay on red blood cells (RBCs) and various carcinoma cell lines (HepG2, MDA, and A549). Gene expression analysis was performed using RT-qPCR to assess the upregulation of immune response genes (P53, Bcl2, Bax, Ca125, and C3).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Phytochemical screening revealed considerable quantities of ascorbic acid, saponins, and tannins in the propolis samples. The P1 sample exhibited the most substantial antioxidant activity, with FRP values at 62.9 mg/g DM and PMA content at 20.7 mg/g DM. In antibacterial assays, P1 demonstrated the highest inhibitory zones at the maximum concentration (400 mg/ml), outperforming standard antibiotic treatments. In cytotoxicity and anticancer assays, P1 preserved the highest percentage of RBCs from hemolysis and showed marked anticancer activity, with the lowest cell viability observed at 3.9 µg/ml. Gene expression analysis revealed significant upregulation of immune response genes, particularly in MDA and HepG2 cell lines upon P1 treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study underscores the potent antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticancer properties of propolis, highlighting its potential as a natural therapeutic agent. The observed activities suggest promising applications for propolis in combating bacterial infections and various cancer types, warranting further exploration into its molecular mechanisms and potential clinical uses.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"126-138"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11910300/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143649709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MRI diagnostics and management of idiopathic epilepsy in ring-tailed lemur (<i>Lemur catta</i>).","authors":"Aistė Gradeckienė, Ieva Plungytė, Martinas Jankauskas, Dmitrij Kvitka, Dalia Juodžentė","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v15.i1.44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/OVJ.2024.v15.i1.44","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Epilepsy is a well-established and extensively studied condition in both human and veterinary medicine.</p><p><strong>Case description: </strong>A 4-year-old captive, intact male ring-tailed lemur (Lemur catta) presented with a 2-year history of recurrent seizures. History of disease, clinical and neurological examination, blood and immunological examination for <i>Toxoplasma gondi</i> and magnetic resonance imaging were conducted to identify potential underlying causes of the seizures. Magnetic resonance imaging findings were consistent with idiopathic epilepsy, and antiepileptic drug therapy was initiated with oral phenobarbital 10 mg/animal twice a day Serum levels were monitored to ensure therapeutic efficacy. Following the initiation of treatment, the patient experienced successful control of seizures, with no significant adverse effects noted during the follow-up period.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case describes the diagnostic approach and management of seizures in ring-tailed lemur, a species, that has not been described before.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"478-481"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11910269/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143649532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infection rate of canine parvovirus in dogs presented at private veterinary clinics in Baghdad city.","authors":"Khalid Ismael Oleiwi, Mohammed Ali Hussein, Omar Attalla Fahad, Sura Osamah Abdulrazzaq","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v15.i1.35","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v15.i1.35","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Canine parvovirus is the primary etiology of hemorrhagic diarrhea and mortality in puppies worldwide.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study was designed to investigate canine parvovirus in dogs in Baghdad by rapid testing.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Rectal swabs were collected from 864 dogs presenting at sixteen private veterinary clinics with clinical signs including vomiting, anorexia, nausea, and regurgitation. All dogs were subjected to detailed clinical, physical, and laboratory investigations from early October 2021 until April 2023.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 127 dogs were positive for parvovirus using the rapid test. The total infection rate of CPV was 14.69%, with a higher infection rate recorded in dogs less than 6 months and 3 months of age at 44.09% and 41.73%, respectively. A significant infection rate was reported in male dogs compared with female dogs, and the Terrier breed showed a higher infection rate than the other breeds included in this study. Fever was present in 78.33% of infected dogs as well as another clinical signs related to CPV infection. The infection rate was 71.65% in vaccinated dogs and 28.35% in unvaccinated dogs. After the treatment steps, 87.4% of the infected dogs recovered, and 12.6% of the infected dogs died.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>CPV is circulating in dogs in Baghdad city, and unvaccinated dogs younger than 6 months were most susceptible to the virus.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"395-401"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11910265/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143649511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Production diseases in farm animals: A comprehensive and illustrated clinical, laboratory, and pathological overview.","authors":"Mohamed Tharwat, Abdulrahman A Alkheraif, Shin Oikawa","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v15.i1.3","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v15.i1.3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The rising demand of the rapidly growing global population for animal-derived foods and other products requires intense animal farming. However, the husbandry and breeding of livestock are associated with a conflict between the economic requirements of producers and the biological needs of the animals. This conflict is rapidly gaining recognition not only by veterinarians, animal scientists, and producers but also by the general public. Any defect in animal feeding, housing, or breeding strategy may trigger the development of production diseases (PDs), leading to decreased producer income, reduced consumer product quality, and impaired animal welfare. Because of the need for high production during the past decades, several animals have been subjected to intense genetic selection, thus increasing animal productivity to a standard where the requirement for nutrients from the ration and internal tissue stores has greatly increased. Therefore, the inability to address the high metabolic needs of increased production is also elevated. In farm animals, high production is greatly challenged by various risk factors, such as improper nutrition, infection, stress, and housing systems. Thus, new data concerning understanding the physiology, detection, treatment, and prevention of PD are urgently required. This review highlights the most important PDs that may influence different livestock species, including cows, sheep, camels, and goats. Recently, PD has been widened to include other conditions, such as fatty infiltration of the liver, sub-acute ruminal acidosis, hepatic abscess, caudal vena cava thrombosis, endocarditis, abomasal ulcerations, displacement of the abomasum, pregnancy toxemia, and mastitis. Because many PDs emerge during the transition period, the first section of this review focuses on a series of physiological events that occur during this period. Following, different partial discharges including will be discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"18-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11910303/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143649558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of real-time PCR for analysis canine meat (<i>Canis lupus familiaris</i>) in goat's satay for halal authentication study.","authors":"Lily Arsanti Lestari, Wan Nurul Aini, Marlyn Dian Laksitorini, Yuny Erwanto, Agustina Ari Murti Budi Hastuti, Mohammad Zainal Abidin, Nurulia Hidayah, Muhammad Jefriyanto Budikafa, Abdul Rohman","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v15.i1.41","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v15.i1.41","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Canine meat (CM) is one of the non-halal meats prohibited for consumption by the Muslim community. Due to its low prices compared with beef, CM is typically used as meat adulterants in halal food-based products such as Satay and meatballs to get economic profits.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The objective of this study was to design a novel species-specific primer in combination with real-time polymerase chain reaction for analysis of Canine's DNA for halal authentication analysis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A Primer targeting the D-loop region of mitochondrial DNA was designed and subjected to a validation procedure by assessing some performance characteristics including specificity, amplification efficiency (E), sensitivity, repeatability, and linearity describing the correlation between the concentration of Canine's DNA (<i>x</i>-axis) and quantification cycle (Cq) in <i>y</i>-axis. The designed primer was specific over other meat DNAs applying the annealing temperature (Tm) of 57.8°C.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) method produced an acceptable amplification efficiency (E) of 109.7% with the coefficient of determination (<i>R</i> ²) for the correlation between Cq and log DNA concentration of 0.999. The sensitivity of the developed method provides a limit of detection (LoD) value of 31.25 pg/µl. The precision of the analytical method is acceptable with a relative standard deviation value of 2%. The method with the designed D-loop primer was successfully applied for the detection and quantification of Canine's DNA in food products. There are no amplification profiles for Canine DNA in marketed goat's satay products.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>RT-PCR combined with a novel primer targeting D-loop provides a specific and accurate analytical tool for the identification of CM for halal authentication studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"456-464"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11910273/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143649637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bovine spongiform encephalopathy: A review of current knowledge and challenges.","authors":"Tita Damayanti Lestari, Aswin Rafif Khairullah, Suzanita Utama, Sri Mulyati, Tatik Hernawati, Ratna Damayanti, Rimayanti Rimayanti, Bantari Wisynu Kusuma Wardhani, Kartika Afrida Fauzia, Ikechukwu Benjamin Moses, Riza Zainuddin Ahmad, Syahputra Wibowo, Ima Fauziah, Dea Anita Ariani Kurniasih, Zein Ahmad Baihaqi, Wasito Wasito, Muhammad Khaliim Jati Kusala, Ertika Fitri Lisnanti","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v15.i1.5","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v15.i1.5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), also referred to as mad cow disease, is a chronic degenerative disease that affects the central nervous system. BSE is caused by a misfolded isoform of the prion protein, a widely expressed glycoprotein. The illness is referred to as Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) in humans. In the United Kingdom (UK), BSE in cattle was first discovered in 1986. Based on epidemiological data, it appears that animal feed containing tainted meat and bone meal (MBM) as a source of meat protein is the common cause of the BSE outbreak in the UK. Clinical indicators in cows include irregular body posture, incoordination, difficulty in standing, weight loss, and temperamental changes, including agitation and hostility. Feeding livestock MBM obtained from BSE-infected livestock contaminated with BSE prions is the only known risk factor for BSE development. Strong evidence linking BSE to human transmission and a variant type of CJD has brought the disease to the attention of many countries. Screening living animals for BSE is challenging. In most cases, suspected animals are usually killed. Typically, the central nervous system is examined for prions to diagnose this illness. There is currently no robust treatment for BSE. The prevention of BSE can be achieved by avoiding the feeding of susceptible animals with ruminant tissues that might carry prions.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"54-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11910271/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143649638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of factors affecting the physiological levels of copper and iron in sheep and cattle in some areas of Diyala Governorate, Iraq.","authors":"Al-Zubaidi Raad Mahmood Hussein, Marah Salim Hameed, Waleed Ibrahim Jalil, Ali Ibrahim Ali Al-Ezzy","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v15.i1.24","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v15.i1.24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Trace minerals are important components of many physiological functions, including growth, development, and the immune response.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate copper and iron status in sheep and cattle in some areas of Diyala governorate, Iraq.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>One hundred blood samples were collected, 50 from sheep and 50 from cattle in order to measure the levels of copper and iron in the serum.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In sheep, the serum level of copper significantly increased among females compared to males, while among cattle, the serum level of copper significantly decreased in females compared with males. The level of iron showed a significant increase in females compared with males. Serum levels of copper were increased with the age of more than 1 year accordingly compared with sheep at the first year of life or less than a year. Among cattle, age plays no significant role in the level of copper. The levels of copper and iron were significantly increased among pregnant ewes compared with non-pregnant. The levels of copper were significantly increased in lambing compared with pregnant and non-pregnant ewes in the value of copper. The level of iron was significantly decreased in lambing sheep compared with pregnant and non-pregnant sheep. The levels of copper and iron showed no significant changes between pregnant and non-pregnant cows. Sheep from Abu Saida showed significant increase in serum levels of copper and iron compared with those from Baqubah and Saadia cities. Cows with good body scores have a significant increase in serum levels of copper and iron compared with those with medium and poor body scores. There was no linear correlation between iron and copper levels in serum and the studied parameters for cows and sheep.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The levels of copper and iron in the body of sheep and cattle are affected by age, gender, pregnancy, and soil composition.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"261-269"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11910289/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143649875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First molecular detection of <i>Eimeria</i> spp. in domestic goats from Java Island, Indonesia.","authors":"Dias Aprita Dewi, Yudhi Ratna Nugraheni, Aan Awaludin, Vika Ichsania Ninditya, Dwi Priyowidodo, Raden Wisnu Nurcahyo, Fitrine Ekawasti, Joko Prastowo","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v15.i1.13","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v15.i1.13","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Coccidiosis caused by <i>Eimeria</i> species (spp.) is a significant global health concern in goats leading to gastrointestinal illness. This condition causes clinical manifestations, including weight loss and diarrhea, resulting in worldwide economic losses. Subclinical symptoms can manifest during <i>Eimeria</i> infection. Neglecting this disease can lead to severe morbidity and mortality. Therefore, addressing caprine coccidiosis is imperative.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to determine the prevalence and molecular identification related to the natural infection of <i>Eimeria</i> spp. in domestic goats originating from Java Island, Indonesia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In total, fecal samples from 289 domestic goats were obtained across five provinces on Java Island, Indonesia: East Java, Central Java, D. I. Yogyakarta, West Java, and Banten. Morphological examinations were performed using the modified Whitlock method and saturated sugar flotation. Molecular assays targeting the 18S ribosomal ribonucleic acid have been employed for spp.-specific confirmation. Statistical analysis was performed using the Wilson binomial proportion and chi-square methods implemented in the online software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 92.7% (268/289) of fecal samples tested positive for <i>Eimeria</i> spp. Phylogenetic tree analysis demonstrated that <i>Eimeria christenseni</i> and <i>Eimeria arloingi</i> closely resembled the reference sequences from China, Australia, and other countries.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study identified <i>E. christenseni</i> and <i>E. arloingi</i> as the goat-infecting spp. of <i>Eimeria</i> present on Java Island. The specific and accurate molecular identification conducted in this study will contribute to improved coccidiosis control and the development of effectiveness.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"139-150"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11910282/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143649878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hospital-acquired catheter-associated urinary tract infections in critical care unit dogs with high rates of multidrug-resistant organisms.","authors":"Pojchanicha Aponrat, Osathee Detkalaya, Naruemon Phlongtong, Natnicha Eksatit, Suppada Kananub, Sarawan Kaewmongkol, Gunn Kaewmongkol","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v15.i1.32","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v15.i1.32","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Urethral catheterization in the critical care unit often compromises the urinary tract's defense mechanisms of canine patients and potentially leads to hospital-acquired systemic infection. Clinical signs of hospital-acquired catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) are frequently absent in critical dogs.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between urinalysis results and CAUTIs in critical care unit dogs and assess the impact of prior antibiotic treatment for underlying diseases and antibiotic-resistant bacteria.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-eight dogs underwent urethral catheterization in the critical care unit of Kasetsart University Veterinary Teaching Hospital. Bacterial cultures and drug sensitivity tests were performed immediately after catheter placement (day 0), 3, and 7 and before removal. A positive urine culture was defined as ≥10⁴ CFU/ml. Urinalysis parameters included urine pH, urinary specific gravity, proteinuria, bacteriuria, pyuria, and hematuria. Only dogs with culture-negative results on day 0 were included. Data were analyzed using GraphPad Prism version 10.0.2. A Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to assess the probability of being free from CAUTIs over time.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No significant association was observed between urine cultures and urinalysis parameters, catheterization duration, breed, sex, neutering status, or age. Dogs pretreated with antibiotics exhibited CAUTI-free periods longer than previously reported. The Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that CAUTI-free probabilities were 92.8% at 3 days, declining to 60.7% by 7 days and 53.6% at 10 days. Alarmingly, 80% of the isolates (12/15) were multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO) resistant to ≥3 antimicrobials. A high incidence of hospital-acquired CAUTIs was detected in 13 of 28 cases (46.4%). The dogs with CAUTIs stayed longer in the hospital than dogs without CAUTIs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A routine urinalysis is unreliable for predicting hospital-acquired CAUTIs. The high rate of MDRO among critical care dogs underscores the urgent need for judicious antibiotic use and the need for enhanced diagnostic methods in critical care settings. This study proposes that serial bacterial cultures combined with modified urine sediment examinations can better manage CAUTI detection and reduce the growth of MDROs in veterinary practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"339-347"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11910284/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143649883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}