Open Veterinary Journal最新文献

{"title":"The unsung virtue of thermostable anti-rabies vaccine.","authors":"Krishna Prasad Acharya, Sarita Phuyal","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i5.1","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i5.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 5","pages":"1864"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12184465/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144485346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vitamin K deficiency as a cause of oral bleeding in a dog with intestinal malabsorption due to lymphocytic-plasmacytic enteritis.","authors":"Giulia Marceglia, Matteo Petini","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i5.46","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i5.46","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Vitamin K, a member of the fat-soluble vitamin group, plays a key role in hemostasis by facilitating the activation of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors and contributing to the synthesis of various coagulation proteins. Consequently, its antagonization or deficiency secondary to reduced production or malabsorption impairs coagulation, leading to an increased risk of bleeding.</p><p><strong>Case description: </strong>A 4-year-old, intact female German Shepherd was referred for a year-long history of anorexia, intermittent vomiting, and chronic diarrhea. She developed oral bleeding over the past 2 days. Diagnostic investigations revealed markedly prolonged prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin times (aPTT) with normal plasma fibrinogen levels. These findings, in conjunction with the normalization of PT and aPTT following vitamin K₁ administration and the exclusion of rodenticide or coumarin intoxication, suggested vitamin K deficiency secondary to intestinal malabsorption. Further investigation led to the diagnosis of severe lymphoplasmacytic enterocolitis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Vitamin K-responsive coagulopathy associated with malabsorption syndrome secondary to lymphocytic-plasmacytic enteritis was previously described in two cats, but this is the first report of its occurrence in a dog. Therefore, vitamin K supplementation should be considered in all animals with intestinal malabsorption.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 5","pages":"2277-2282"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12184458/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144485348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the environmental transmission dynamics of <i>Escherichia coli</i>-producing ESBL in wet market broiler chickens: A high-burden food safety concern.","authors":"Kuntaman Kuntaman, Masfufatun Masfufatun, Freshinta Jellia Wibisono, Rosantia Sarassari, Wahyu Setyorini, Putu Oky Ari Tania, Toshiro Shirakawa","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i5.40","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i5.40","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Foodborne pathogens, particularly antibiotic-resistant strains, pose a significant threat to public health globally.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To explore the emergence and spread of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> in the food chain, focusing on broiler chickens in wet markets.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Specimens were inoculated into TBX medium supplemented with cefotaxime 4 ug/ml for selective isolation of ESBL-producing <i>E. coli</i>. Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of the isolates was performed, including species detection using PCR for <i>E. coli</i> identification with specific primers targeting the gene and a double diffusion synergy test for ESBL identification.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 262/305 (86%) samples were confirmed positive for ESBL-producing <i>E. coli</i> from broiler chickens and free-range chickens. <i>bla</i> _CTX-M were mostly identified among ESBL-producing <i>E. coli</i> from broiler chickens (91%) or free-range chicken (100%), followed by <i>bla</i> _TEM 20% and 23%, respectively. There were no identified <i>bla</i> _SHV genes. Among 50 ESBL producers, <i>E. coli</i> (31; 17.4% from broiler chickens and 19; 22.6% from free-range chicken) were identified with a co-incidence of <i>bla</i> _CTX-M and <i>bla</i> _TEM.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There is an increased prevalence of ESBL-producing <i>E. coli</i> in environmentally contaminated foods. Hygiene and antibiotic use regulations for poultry farms should be improved. ESBL genes among chickens are mainly <i>bla</i> _CTX-M (94%), followed by <i>bla</i> _TEM (21%), which has a lower incidence; no <i>bla</i> _SHV was detected.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 5","pages":"2230-2237"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12184475/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144485336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation and molecular identification of multidrug-resistant <i>Escherichia coli</i> strains isolated from mastitic cows in Egypt.","authors":"Yumna Elsobky, Ibrahim M Rabah, Walid S Mousa, Khaled Sabbah, Mohamed A Nayel, Ahmed M Elsify, Asmaa A Elgendy, Ahmed A Zaghawa, Akram A Salam, Ashraf M Abu-Seida, Abdulrahman Abdulkarim, Mohamed M Elkamshishi","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i5.27","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i5.27","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mastitis is a common disease that affects the dairy sector globally because it not only impacts animal welfare but can also lead to significant financial losses.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study examined the phenotypic and genotypic profiles of the multidrug-resistant (MDR) <i>Escherichia coli</i> (<i>E. coli</i>) strains that were isolated from mastitic cows in Egypt to detect their pattern of antibiotic resistance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Four hundred native breed lactating cows were evaluated to identify clinical and subclinical mastitis. A total of 100 mastitic milk samples (64 from clinical mastitis and 36 from subclinical mastitis) were collected for phenotypic isolation and identification of coliform bacteria. <i>Escherichia coli</i> isolates were identified through their morphological features, Gram staining, and biochemical tests. The identified <i>E. coli</i> strains were examined against various antibiotics using disk diffusion methods. All <i>E. coli</i> strains were analyzed for the antibiotic resistance genes Streptomycin (aadA), blaTEM, Tetracycline (tetA), Sulfonamides, and qnrA using PCR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 400 examined dairy cows, the prevalences of clinical and subclinical mastitis were 16% and 9%, respectively. Bacteriological isolation of coliform bacteria from mastitic milk samples revealed that <i>E. coli</i> was the most prevalent bacterium. Among 10 isolates of biochemically verified <i>E. coli</i> strains, 8 (80%) were MDR across 6 distinct classes of antibiotics. All recovered <i>E. coli</i> strains exhibited higher resistance to Amoxicillin, Cefotaxime, Sulphamethaxzole/Trimethoprim, and Tetracycline. High susceptibility was noticed to Ciprofloxaccin, Amoxicillin+Clavulinic, Streptomycin, Gentamicin, Chloramphenicol, and Colistin. The <i>bla</i>TEM gene was among the most common antibiotic resistance genes found in <i>E. coli</i> isolates (100%). Furthermore, the genotypes encoding resistance to <i>tetA</i>, <i>aad</i>A, and Sulfonamides were 50%, 40%, and 50%, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>MDR pathogenic <i>E. coli</i> strains are common in mastitic dairy cows in Egypt, and preventive actions must be implemented to avoid serious public health concerns.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 5","pages":"2094-2102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12184464/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144485313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of cryoprotectant on the quality of post-warming goat oocytes by examining SOD levels.","authors":"Meisa Zalfa Adisti, Widjiati Widjiati, Agus Sunarso, Epy Muhammad Luqman, Tri Wahyu Suprayogi, Sri Pantja Madyawati, Suzanita Utama, Aulia Firmawati","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i5.15","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i5.15","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Vitrification of oocytes can lead to the formation of reactive oxygen species during the <i>in vitro</i> maturation and warming processes. In this study, there is a comparison between the use of commercial cryoprotectant and ethylene glycol + sucrose to observe the antioxidant activity that arises during oxidative stress, namely superoxide dismutase (SOD). SOD is produced to counteract free radicals that are damaging to cells; the higher the level of SOD in a cell, the further the cell is from damage. Improving oocyte cryopreservation techniques contributes to greater reproductive efficiency in livestock, which plays an important role in supporting sustainable and effective food production.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The aim of this study is to determine whether different cryoprotectant use can affect the intracellular SOD levels in oocytes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study is an experimental laboratory study using goat oocytes divided into 3 treatment groups: control (K) goat oocytes without vitrification, Treatment 1 (P1) goat oocytes vitrified using a commercial cryoprotectant, and Treatment 2 (P2) goat oocytes vitrified using ethylene glycol and 1-M sucrose. All groups were vitrified for 1 week, followed by a warming process. Then, the SOD levels were calculated using SOD ELISA kit.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>The results showed that this study has a significance level (<i>p</i> < 0.05) with the control group K having the lowest SOD levels and P2 having the highest SOD levels.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Therefore, it can be concluded that the use of ethylene glycol as a cryoprotectant can maintain SOD levels in oocyte cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 5","pages":"2004-2008"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12184474/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144485334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uncovering the truth about cat-scratch disease.","authors":"Yulianna Puspitasari, Aswin Rafif Khairullah, Hartanto Mulyo Raharjo, Ima Fauziah, Wiwiek Tyasningsih, Dea Anita Ariani Kurniasih, Muhammad Khaliim Jati Kusala, Ikechukwu Benjamin Moses, Bantari Wisynu Kusuma Wardhani, Kartika Afrida Fauzia, Katty Hendriana Priscilia Riwu, Riza Zainuddin Ahmad, Sheila Marty Yanestria, Syahputra Wibowo, Arif Nur Muhammad Ansori, Ilma Fauziah Ma'ruf","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i5.5","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i5.5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cat-scratch disease (CSD) is a systemic infection caused by the facultative, rod-shaped, nonmotile, Gram-negative, intracellular zoonotic bacillus <i>Bartonella henselae</i>. The bacteria responsible for CSD were not discovered until decades after the condition was first characterized in 1931. The prevalence of CSD is more common in warm, humid areas and is typically seasonal, peaking in the fall and winter. The pathogenesis of CSD starts when a tiny wound from an infected cat's bite or scratch allows the bacteria <i>B. henselae</i> to enter the human body. The innate immune system, which includes neutrophils and macrophages, is activated as an initial reaction. Histological examination of skin lesions and lymph nodes in immunocompetent people early in the clinical phase of CSD revealed lymphoid hyperplasia and arteriolar proliferation. The best initial test for CSD is an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or an indirect fluorescence assay. Bacteremia is typically asymptomatic in cats that are naturally infected with <i>B. henselae</i>. In humans, <i>B. henselae</i> can spread and infect the liver, spleen, eyes, and central nervous system in certain people. Cat fleas (<i>Ctenocephalides felis</i>) are the main vectors of <i>B. henselae</i> transmission. The zoonotic nature of CSD makes it a public health concern because it can be transmitted from cats to people. Treatment strategies for <i>Bartonella</i> infections differ according to the patient's immunological status and clinical signs. The research on the effectiveness of antibiotics in vitro and in vivo differs significantly. Eliminating fleas from cats and preventing severe injuries from cats are two ways to prevent CSD.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 5","pages":"1895-1906"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12184452/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144485347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the safety and functionality of a novel compound containing prebiotics, probiotics, and postbiotics in healthy cats and dogs.","authors":"Mamoru Onuma, Kai Ataka, Akiyoshi Murakami","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i5.11","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i5.11","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although various prebiotics, probiotics, and postbiotics are available, their safety and efficacy in combination are unknown.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>We investigated the safety and functionality of a newly developed supplement, previously unreported in pet animals, containing 26 types of biotic material bacteria (2 prebiotics, 1 probiotic, and 23 postbiotics) in cats and dogs. The biotic materials included were selected based on current evidence from cats and dogs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A new supplement developed using species tested in cats and dogs was administered. One-way analysis was used for data obtained from 3 cats (7 days of treatment and 7 days of nontreatment), and a parallel, controlled study was performed in 20 dogs (<i>n</i> = 10 each in control and test groups, for 27 days).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In cats, no abnormal values were observed in complete blood count or blood chemistry tests, whereas significant decreases in blood glucose and total cholesterol were confirmed (<i>p</i> < 0.05 each). In the feline lymphocyte subset test, significant increases were observed in T and B cells (<i>p</i> < 0.05). A significant difference in fecal pH was observed in the test group (<i>p</i> < 0.01). In addition, 60% (9/15) of the test group had an increase in total organic acids. In dogs, only indole showed a consistent decrease among putrefactive products (<i>p</i> = 0.055). Regarding analyses of intestinal flora from feces using a gene sequencer at the genus level, no changes were observed in cats. Conversely, <i>Lachnospira</i> and <i>Anaeroplasma</i> genera tended to be decreased in the control group but increased by 23.1% and 45%, respectively, in the test group. In addition, <i>Escherichia-Shigella</i> and <i>Tyzzerella</i> genera showed slight increases or changes in the control group but significant decreases in the test group. Regarding the <i>Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes</i> ratio, an increase in the control group and a decrease in the test group were observed in all cats, whereas no differences were observed in dogs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The supplement is safe for both cats and dogs. Results of comprehensive analyses suggested that the supplement improved the intestinal environment by regulating the gastrointestinal microbiota.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 5","pages":"1969-1981"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12184448/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144485361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Botulism type C outbreak in free-ranging wild birds in a public urban park in Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo state, Brazil.","authors":"Márcio Junio Lima Siconelli, Jéssica Caroline De Almeida Dias, Sofia De Moura Lacerda Sarantopoulos, Benedito Antonio Lopes Da Fonseca, Karin Werther, Simone Miyashiro","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i5.45","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i5.45","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Botulism is a neurological disease caused by the ingestion of the toxin produced by <i>Clostridium botulinum</i>. This bacterium is globally distributed, infects mainly mammals and birds, and is present in both the intestinal microbiota and the environment. The most frequently observed clinical manifestation is flaccid paralysis of the skeletal muscles, which can rapidly progress to death due to cardiorespiratory failure. Diagnosis is performed through clinical, environmental, and laboratory findings, mainly by mouse bioassay seroneutralization, which serves as the gold standard.</p><p><strong>Case description: </strong>During the seasonal period, approximately 30-60 dead or sick animals were found in an urban park in Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil, between late 2020 and 2021. However, only four wild ducks (<i>Cairina moschata</i>) and one great egret (<i>Ardea alba</i>) were evaluated. All five animals presented with neurological signs of limb paralysis, dyspnea, and neck flaccidity and were unable to fly. After clinical evaluation, the animals were euthanized, and necropsies were performed. Although we observed discrete hemorrhagic enteritis in the three evaluated ducks, no other relevant lesions were found. Samples were sent to the laboratory, where type <i>C botulinum</i> toxin was detected.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The presence of botulism in urban areas, especially in leisure areas, raises public health concerns. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of type C botulism in a public urban park in São Paulo, Brazil. Although this toxin does not pose a direct risk to human health, it is a strong indicator of environmental health, affecting wild free-ranging birds.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 5","pages":"2270-2276"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12184478/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144485339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparative study of intramuscular versus epidural administration of follicle-stimulating hormone for embryo production in Wagyu Cattle.","authors":"Abdullah Baharun, Athhar Manabi Diansyah, Ristika Handarini, Sikin Sikin, Putri Indah Ningtias, Weni Kurniati, Hikmayani Iskandar, Erni Damayanti, Adiba Kanza Arasya, Annisa Rahmi","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i5.28","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i5.28","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The increasing demand for high-quality livestock products necessitates the optimization of reproductive technologies, particularly superovulation and embryo transfer, to enhance genetic improvement and productivity. Superovulation increases embryo availability and accelerates genetic enhancement. The success of these techniques depends on factors such as hormone protocols, donor-recipient selection, and environmental conditions.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to compared two superovulation protocols-conventional intramuscular injection (P₁) and combined epidural-intramuscular injection (P₂)-in Wagyu donor cows to evaluate their effects on corpus luteum (CL) formation, embryo yield, and quality.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study was conducted from May to November 2024. Twelve cows were divided into two treatment groups (<i>n</i> = 6 per group), with follicle-stimulating hormone administered either through multiple intramuscular injections (P₁) or a single-dose epidural-intramuscular injection (P₂). Selection criteria included superior genetics, normal reproduction, regular estrus cycles (18-24 days), high fertility, prior calving, and disease-free status. Donor cows had a Body Condition Score of 2.5-3.5 and were confirmed to have normal reproductive organs via rectal examination. They were housed in a free-stall system and fed a controlled diet. Evaluated reproductive parameters included CL formation, embryo recovery rates (ERRs), and embryo quality.<b>Results:</b> There were no statistically significant differences between P₁ and P₂ in CL formation (<i>p</i> = 0.480), ERRs (<i>p</i> = 0.810), or embryo quality (<i>p</i> = 0.871). Both protocols supported comparable follicular development, embryo recovery, and transferable embryos across developmental stages (morula, early blastocyst, and blastocyst). While P₂ produced slightly more CL and blastocysts, the differences were not significant. Both protocols yielded similar proportions of unsuitable embryos, indicating no adverse effects on fertilization or embryonic viability.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings suggest that the combined epidural-intramuscular protocol (P₂) is a viable alternative to the conventional intramuscular protocol (P₁), providing comparable reproductive outcomes while potentially reducing handling stress and labor intensity. Future research should address the pharmacokinetics of hormonal delivery, its long-term reproductive impacts, and its applicability across other breeds to further optimize superovulation strategies for sustainable livestock production and genetic improvement.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 5","pages":"2013-2111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12184483/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144485321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparative study of performance and profitability measures for broilers raised in open and closed systems: Investigating the histopathological effects of heat stress during summer in Egypt.","authors":"Amira M Abd-El Hamed, Zienab H Abo-Gamil, Nady Khairy Elbarbary, Ali A Ghania, Ahmed Fotouh, Marwa Darweish","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i5.20","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i5.20","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Proper animal welfare and economic benefits are essential for the broiler industry.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study assessed the productivity and profitability of open and closed broiler production systems in Egypt, with a particular focus on the histopathological effects of heat stress on broiler health.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were collected from 18 broiler cycles, involving 186,300 broiler chicks (9 cycles for each system for about 6 months). The independent <i>t</i>-test was used to analyze data and assess outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>According to the findings of the broiler performance study, the study was analyzed using an independent <i>t</i>-test to test the average body weight and performance index that significantly increased in the closed system (2.31 kg and 377.1, <i>t</i> ≤ 0.05, respectively) compared to the open system (2.07 kg and 224.48, <i>t</i> ≤ 0.05, respectively) with better feed conversion ratio and lower mortality rate in the closed system (1.65% and 5.46%, <i>t</i> ≤ 0.05, respectively) than in the open one (1.93% and 15.96%, <i>t</i> ≤ 0.05, respectively). Additionally, the profitability index for open and closed broiler houses in Egypt, as reported in our study, was 0.04 and 0.14, <i>t</i> ≤ 0.05, respectively. This indicates that for every 100 EGP earned as revenue, 4 EGP are returned to the farmer as net income in the open system, whereas 14 EGP are returned in the closed system. Moreover, heat-stressed birds in an open system induced several pathological alterations in different organs, such as blood vessel congestion, degeneration, and vacuolation of breast muscle and parenchymatous organs (liver and kidney).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Productive and economic performance favors fully automated climate-controlled broiler housing; thus, a closed system is recommended for broiler farm owners. These improvements are crucial because they can directly contribute to increased profitability and sustainability in poultry farming, especially in regions experiencing extreme heat stress.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 5","pages":"2039-2048"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12184479/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144485322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}