Open Veterinary Journal最新文献

{"title":"Molecular and serological detection of <i>Leptospira interrogans</i> among wild rats in flood-prone residential areas of Indonesia.","authors":"Dewi Masyithah Darlan, Evita Mayasari, Sunna Vyatra Hutagalung, Ahadi Kurniawan, Ledy Afrida Sinaga, Alemina Pinem, Bernike Ambarita","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v15.i1.39","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v15.i1.39","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Indonesia is a tropical country with heavy rainfall, mostly in low-lying areas. Floods are one of the most common natural disasters in Indonesia, with climate change causing continuous flooding in some regions. The spread of human pathogens as a severe consequence of flooding, such as <i>Leptospira</i>, which may cause Weil's disease, is a concern for public health.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>In this cross-sectional study, we compared DNA from the rat kidney to serum samples to identify pathogenic <i>Leptospira</i> using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification to promote a less invasive method of collecting samples from the rat vectors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fifty-nine rodents inhabiting highly populated, flood-prone suburban regions were captured inside and outside houses. Following DNA extractions, we analyzed the quantity and quality of DNA concentration from the kidney and serum specimens using a nanophotometer. The <i>lipL32</i> gene was amplified to detect the pathogenic <i>Leptospira</i>.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean value of kidney DNA was 151.67 ng/µl with an average A260/A280 value of 1.836, whereas the mean value of serum DNA was 22.08 ng/µl with an average A260/A280 value of 1.233. Twenty (33.9%) kidney DNA and 10 (16.9%) serum DNA samples showed the target DNA (<i>lipl32</i>). The multiple sequence alignment analysis revealed the <i>lipL32</i> sequences homology to <i>Leptospira interrogans</i> ser. Copenhageni.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Rat kidneys exhibited higher DNA amount and purity than the serum. Moreover, the PCR detection of <i>lipl32</i> revealed higher positive results in kidney DNA than serum DNA samples, with high similarity to <i>L. interrogans lipl32</i> sequences. Therefore, the kidney remains a better DNA source than serum for the molecular analysis of <i>Leptospira</i> in rats.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"437-445"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11910279/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143649482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular characterization and associated risk factors of zoonotic cryptosporidiosis in bovine calves and humans in Menoufia governorate, Egypt.","authors":"Gehad Ramzy, Walid Mousa, Osama K Gaidan, Ahmed Zaghawa, Mohamed Nayel, Ahmed Elsify, Nourhan Eissa, Ashraf M Abu-Seida, And Akram Salama","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v15.i1.26","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v15.i1.26","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><b>Cryptosporidium</b> is a common intestine anthroponotic protozoan parasite that affects humans and other animals all over the world. Many different kinds of vertebrates have their gastrointestinal epithelium infected by the ubiquitous, obligatory parasites of <i>Cryptosporidium</i> spp. In humans, those with weakened immune systems, including those with acronym for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, are most affected. Particularly prevalent in developing nations, cryptosporidiosis poses further difficulties for the underfunded public health system. Humans frequently harbor a number of <i>Cryptosporidium</i> species, whose prevalence varies according to socioeconomic level and level of animal husbandry.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The present study was conducted to ascertain the prevalence of <i>Cryptosporidium bovis</i> and associated relevant risk factors of contracting cryptosporidiosis in calves and humans in Menoufia governorate, Egypt. In addition, a phylogenetic analysis was performed for additional molecular identification in order to study the evolution of the parasite and comprehend the mechanism of cryptosporidiosis evolution in the selected governorate.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using direct wet smear, sedimentation technique, simple fecal flotation technique, and modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining technique, the parasitological analysis was conducted on fecal samples from 156 diarrheic calves and 125 humans in Menoufia governorate; polymerase chain reaction and phylogenetic analysis were further used.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Based on the microscopical examination, the prevalence of <i>Cryptosporidium</i> was 19.2% in humans and 64.1% in calves.‎ A statistical correlation was found between the prevalence of cryptosporidiosis in calves of American breeds, their early age, and the predominant warm climate. In the analyzed calves, the study was unable to detect any statistically significant difference between the type of diarrhea and increased infection. In terms of people, the study found no significant correlation between the sex of the people under inquiry, whereas a significant association was revealed among contracting cryptosporidiosis in young people, during warm climates, and among diarrhea sufferers. PCR application produced a 4% positive result. Following phylogenetic analysis, the <i>Cryptosporidium parvum</i> species was identified from the PCR-positive samples.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Different transmission trajectories were proposed by cluster analysis, and it was possible to take into consideration the role of calves for the zoonotic transmission of cryptosporidiosis to humans.‎.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"277-288"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11910276/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143649503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Restoration of sperm quality in lead acetate-induced rats via treatment with <i>Moringa oleifera</i> leaf extract.","authors":"Wurlina Wurlina, Imam Mustofa, Dewa Ketut Meles, Aswin Rafif Khairullah, Adeyinka Oye Akintunde, Kadek Rachmawati, Niluh Suwasanti, Dewa Made Sucipta Putra, Sri Mulyati, Suzanita Utama, Ulul Khoiriyah, Baich R Tyarraushananda Defvyanto, Sila Faredy Heriana, Katty Hendriana Priscilia Riwu, Riza Zainuddin Ahmad, Audrey Gracelia Riwu","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v15.i1.37","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v15.i1.37","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Lead intoxication triggers testicular toxicity via oxidative stress.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to explore the antioxidant potential of <i>Moringa oleifera</i> leaf extract (MOLE) in enhancing the semen quality of rats exposed to lead acetate.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-five healthy rats were randomly and equally divided into five groups. Group C served as the negative control, whereas group C+ was exposed to lead acetate at 50-mg/kg body weight (BW)/day without MOLE. The T1, T2, and T3 groups were exposed to lead acetate at 50-mg/kg BW and concurrently received MOLE at doses of 200-, 316-, and 500-mg/kg BW/day, respectively, for 20 days. On the 21st day, all rats were euthanized for blood collection and testicle harvesting.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The result showed that exposure to lead acetate at 50-mg/kg BW/day in group C+ led to significant decreases (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels, plasma membrane integrity, Leydig and Sertoli cell counts, spermatozoa numbers, sperm motility, and live spermatozoa, as well as significant increases (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in malondialdehyde levels and apoptotic and necrotic sperm, compared with control group C-. The administration of MOLE to rats exposed to lead acetate resulted in improvement in all of these variables. However, SOD and testosterone levels, as well as spermatozoa numbers, viability, apoptosis, and necrosis, did not recover in group T3 (<i>p</i> < 0.05) compared with control group C-.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>MOLE effectively restores sperm quality in lead acetate-induced rats.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"416-427"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11910306/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143649596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computational insights in CD58 binding to ASFV CD2v and in silico optimization of nanobody designs against the interface.","authors":"Albert Neil G Dulay, Richelle Mae E Padilla, Nyzar Mabeth O Odchimar, Fredmoore L Orosco","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v15.i1.32","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v15.i1.32","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>African swine fever (ASF) continues to hamper pork production worldwide. In addition to vaccines, there is a need to develop curative therapeutics, such as highly-specific antibodies or nanobodies (NB), against immunogenic proteins with important functions such as the viral CD2 (CD2v)-like protein. However, further characterization of CD2v, such as its binding with cellular partners, is needed for the rational development of such biologics.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>We aimed to analyze the binding interaction of CD2v from pandemic genotypes I and II and swine CD58 using molecular simulations and optimize the NB to target the conserved epitope around the identified binding site using a computational pipeline.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>CD2v-CD58 complexes and equivalents from swine and humans were generated and simulated to characterize their binding. Mapping of residue contributions to the binding, variability, epitope propensity, and epitope multiplicity allowed us to select a conserved region near the site. Optimized NB were developed from sequences deposited in the NanoLAS repository, following screening for physicochemical and reactogenic parameters, docking, iterative optimization, and molecular dynamics simulations compared to controls.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Simulations report poor affinity of CD2v to CD58 in the \"canonical\" pose and present a novel pose backed by docking, simulation data, and recent observations. The new site might have developed due to immunological considerations and may reproduce observed lymphocyte non-proliferation by hijacking CD58-CD2 ruler functions in immunological synapse formation. Two NB were also developed targeting genotype I and II CD2vs with stable binding and better affinity, solubility, allergenicity, and antigenicity than the controls NB22 and 18a3.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Herein, we showcase the power of computational biology techniques to elucidate ASF virus (ASFV)-host interactions and simultaneously design therapeutics to target the identified novel binding site. Further validation is needed to confirm these findings; however, future work on other relevant ASFV proteins may lead to potent cocktails with therapeutic potential.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"348-387"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11910285/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143649765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of experimental hepatic steatosis on apelin and various biochemical parameters in male white rabbits.","authors":"Rana Suhail Al-Juwary, Muntaha Mahmood Al-Kattan","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v15.i1.20","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v15.i1.20","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hepatic steatosis is the second most prevalent liver disease following viral hepatitis, and its incidence is increasing rapidly, posing a significant threat to human health.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This research aimed to identify natural treatment methods that reduce the risk of experimental hepatic steatosis with triton by answering the following questions:Do polyphenols extracted from strawberries reduce the risk of experimental hepatic steatosis in rabbits?Do omega-3 extracted from almonds reduce the risk of experimental hepatic steatosis in rabbits?Is giving Omega-3, Vit. E considered the optimal treatment for hepatic steatosis?</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study aimed to assess the effects of strawberry polyphenols, omega-3 from almonds, omega-3, and vitamin E on reducing the risk of Triton-induced liver steatosis. The experiment involved 100 male rabbits (10-12 months old, 1,150-1,350 g) divided randomly into the following 10 groups: control group, Triton (300 mg/kg body mass) group, strawberry polyphenols group, strawberry polyphenols with Triton group, almond Omega-3 group, almond Omega-3 with Triton group, strawberry polyphenols with almond Omega-3 group, strawberry polyphenols with almond Omega-3 with Triton group, Omega-3, Vit. E group, and Omega-3, Vit. E with Triton group. Dosing occurred daily for 4 months.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results of the study indicated a significant increase in the levels of Triglycerides, Total cholesterol, Low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and Very low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol in the group of rabbits treated with Triton compared with the other groups, while these parameters decreased in the groups treated with strawberry polyphenols, omega-3 from almonds, omega-3, and vitamin E. In addition, the levels of High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, Paroxinase-1 activity, and apelin concentration decreased in the group treated with Triton but increased in the groups receiving strawberry polyphenols, omega-3 from almonds, omega-3, and vitamin E, at a probability level (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results suggest that polyphenols extracted from strawberries, Omega-3 extracted from almonds, and Omega-3, Vit. E is a suitable treatment for hepatic steatosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"211-221"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11910280/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143649823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the efficacy of ethanolic extract of Tapak Liman (<i>Elephantopus scaber</i> L.) leaf in inhibiting pulmonary fibrosis: Mechanisms through anti-fibrotic cytokine promotion.","authors":"Asadig Emhemmed Alghoull, Salma Rifqi Firdausi, Yuyun Ika Christina, Sri Widyarti, Muhaimin Rifa'i, Muhammad Sasmito Djati","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v15.i1.11","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v15.i1.11","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pulmonary fibrosis represents the most prevalent form of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia. The pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis using a bleomycin-induced mice model has indicated an imbalanced immune response such as an early massive inflammatory response, followed by fibrosis development. Therapy focused on restraining inflammation is one of the ways to inhibit fibrosis development. <i>Elephantopus scaber</i> ethanolic extract (ESEE) is known to have many beneficial compounds that were proven to possess anti-inflammatory activities, but its prospect in inhibiting pulmonary fibrosis development needs to be investigated.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the potency of ESEE treatment in inhibiting fibrosis development in the bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis mice model.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Healthy male BALB/c mice were divided into seven experimental groups (<i>n</i> = 8): healthy mice (N), vehicle mice (VC), pulmonary fibrosis mice (C-), pulmonary fibrosis received dexamethasone (C+), and pulmonary fibrosis mice received ESEE at a 0.0504 mg/kg body weight (BW) (D1), 0.1008 mg/kg BW (D2), and 0.2016 mg/kg BW (D3). Mice were given ESEE orally and intraperitoneal bleomycin injection daily for 14 days. Mice were then sacrificed on days 7 and 14 and spleens were isolated to determine the production of IL-10, TNF-α, and IFN-γ using flow cytometry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results revealed that a remarkable increase of TNF-α was found in the macrophage of pulmonary fibrosis mice model from day 7 to 14. An increase in IFN-γ production was also observed on day 7 and then decreased on day 14. The production of IL-10 was reduced in the fibrosis group at day 7 and continued to increase at day 14. Interestingly, ESEE treatment for 14 days could effectively reduce TNF-α and increase IFN-γ production. ESEE treatment could also maintain a stable production of IL-10 at each time point. ESEE at 0.1004 mg/kg BW (D2) showed the most effective activity in reducing pro-fibrotic cytokine than the dexamethasone group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Ethanolic extract of ESEE has demonstrated its beneficial prospect in regulating pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic cytokine to inhibit fibrosis development.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"118-125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11910286/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143649873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genotypic characteristics and phylogenetic tree analysis of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> isolates from sheep subclinical mastitis milk.","authors":"Alaa Shamil Alalaf, Ayman Hani Taha, Omar Hashim Sheet","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v15.i1.27","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v15.i1.27","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> describes the greatest common cause of mastitis in sheep; however, little information was available concerning methicillin-resistant <i>S. aureus</i> (MRSA) in the milk of mastitis sheep.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The current study aimed to find exactly the incidence of <i>S. aureus</i> and MRSA in milk samples from sheep farmhouses in Mosul city, in addition to discovering specific genes that encode virulence factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Samples of 60 sheep's subclinical milk were gathered between October 2023 and February 2024 from various places around the Nineveh governorate. Standard methods that include selective media and biochemical testing were utilized in the current study. Furthermore, the <i>nuc, mecA, clfA, clfB</i>, and <i>coa</i> genes in <i>S. aureus</i> were determined utilizing a polymerase chain reaction technique.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>According to our findings, <i>S. aureus</i> was found in sheep subclinical mastitis at a rate of 23.3% (14/60) in sheep milk. Furthermore, all <i>S. aureus</i> isolates 100% appeared to carrying of the <i>nuc, mecA, clfA</i>, and <i>coa</i> genes, while 92.9% of isolates were positive for the <i>clfB</i> gene. The gene profiles of <i>S. aureus</i> isolates were divided into two primary categories. Based on the <i>clfA, clfB</i>, and <i>coa</i> genes, nine unique strains of <i>S. aureus</i> sequences were submitted to the NCBI GenBank. The phylogenetic tree analysis of all study isolates demonstrated its identity to various strains in the NCBI-BLAST.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The incidence of <i>S. aureus</i> infections emphasized the presence of an issue in husbandry practices, insufficient adherence to basic hygiene protocols, and the random use of antibiotics.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"289-299"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11910277/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143649881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Histopathological effects of repeated 14-day administration of rizatriptan benzoate in a nitroglycerin-induced migraine rabbits model.","authors":"Raghad Al-Saadi, Zainab Jamal Mohammed Jawad, Omar Hussein Khalaf, Siti Nur F Muhsain","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v15.i1.17","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v15.i1.17","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Migraine is one of multiple attack neurological conditions that causes moderate to severe headaches with no defined pathophysiology and few animal models.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>Establishing an animal model that reproduces migraine-like action is important in medical research to identify the mechanism underlying this disorder. Additionally, it facilitates the availability and reliability of new models that may act as human surrogate models.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Rabbits were divided into four groups. Negative group, migraine group, rizatriptan-nitroglycerin group, and rizatriptan group. The frequency of head scratching and the histopathological changes in the brain, liver, kidney, and heart for groups were evaluated in all groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The behavioral characteristic of head scratching was significantly increased in the NTG group (50.4 ± 3.8) compared with the control group (9.2 ± 1.3) after 30 min of the experiment. Moreover, animals treated with rizatriptan benzoate (Riza) 10 mg/kg/orally for 14 days followed by NTG injection showed a significant decrease in the head scratch action (16.8 ± 2.3 and 17.6 ± 3.3) than the animals of NTG group (50.4 ± 3.8 and 43.6 ± 2.3) after 30 min and 60 min, respectively. Furthermore, animals treated with Riza alone showed no statistical differences in the head scratches (7.8 ± 1.3, 9.2 ± 0.8, 10.6 ± 1.1 and 9.6 ± 1.3, respectively) during the 120 min of the experiment, compared with the control group. Histopathological alterations in the brain of rabbits that received NTG showed severe diffuse dilated and engorged blood vessels. These changes were also recorded in the liver and kidney of this group. This marked vasodilation of blood vessels and central and portal veins confirms the successful induction of migraine in the rabbit model. In contrast, animals treated with Riza for 14 days demonstrated substantially less vascular dilation following NTG injection. No significant pathological lesions were observed in animals treated with Riza.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The current study successfully established a rabbit model of migraine using a single dose of NTG to induce migraine-like behavior. Moreover, pre-treatment with rizatriptan benzoate for fourteen days significantly reduced the symptoms of migraine and histopathological changes in different organs.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"179-186"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11910268/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143649882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular detection of blaTEM-encoding genes in multidrug-resistant Escherichia <i>coli</i> from cloacal swabs of ducks in Indonesia farms.","authors":"Susmitha Nur Ahadini, Wiwiek Tyasningsih, Mustofa Helmi Effendi, Aswin Rafif Khairullah, Muhammad Khaliim Jati Kusala, Ima Fauziah, Latifah Latifah, Ikechukwu Benjamin Moses, Sheila Marty Yanestria, Kartika Afrida Fauzia, Dea Anita Ariani Kurniasih, Syahputra Wibowo","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v15.i1.8","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v15.i1.8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Globally, there is an increasing frequency of community-acquired illnesses caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing <i>Escherichia coli</i>. The presence of ESBL-producing <i>E. coli</i> in livestock is a concern, considering its transmission potential to humans, effects on animal health, risks to food safety, and the widespread spread of antibiotic resistance in both human and animal populations.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study investigated the prevalence and characterization of ESBL-producing <i>E. coli</i> in cloacal swab samples collected from duck farms in Jombang, Indonesia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In total, 125 cloacal swab samples of ducks were collected from farms. Samples were processed and analyzed for <i>E. coli</i> isolation using standard microbiology techniques. Isolated <i>E. coli</i> strains were further subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing and ESBL phenotypic detection using disc diffusion and double-disk synergy test techniques, respectively. Identified multidrug-resistant (MDR) <i>E. coli</i> strains were thereafter screened for the detection of <i>bla</i>TEM ESBL gene by PCR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 94 (52.2%) out of the collected 180 swab samples were positive for <i>E. coli</i>. Twenty-five (39.1%) out of the recovered <i>E. coli</i> isolates were generally noted to exhibit MDR traits. Exactly 24 (96%) out of the 25 MDR <i>E. coli</i> strains that were selected for molecular studies harbored the <i>bla</i>TEM gene.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The detection of MDR <i>E. coli</i> harboring <i>bla</i>TEM ESBL gene in ducks in our study area is a significant public health problem. Therefore, strong and impactful preventive measures, which would curtail the increasing dissemination of MDR bacterial pathogens in agricultural settings, are urgently needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"92-97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11910298/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143649521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sensitivity of specimen type for diagnosing foot-and-mouth diseases in cattle using one-step real-time polymerase chain reaction (3D gene).","authors":"Siswani Siswani, Mochammad Hatta, Muflihanah Muflihanah, Nurul Muslinah Muhiddin, Fitrine Ekawasti, Rini Damayanti, Riza Zainuddin Ahmad, Putri Reno Intan, Fitriana Fitriana, Muhammad Ibrahim Desem, Ratih Rinendyaputri","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v15.i1.23","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v15.i1.23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Indonesia is currently experiencing a foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) outbreak in livestock, caused by the FMD virus (FMDV). FMDV is easily spread to cause outbreaks in new geographical locations. Identifying FMDV infection through early diagnostic testing is important to track and prevent the spread of FMD in Indonesia. The use of appropriate samples is a crucial step in a study or survey to provide accurate results for diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The aim of our study was to evaluate the sensitivity of relevant oral mucosal epithelial swabs, hypersalivation swabs, and blood plasma specimen samples for FMDV diagnosis using one-step real time PCR (3D).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sampling was carried out by judgment or purposive, namely selecting animals that showed symptoms of the disease. A total of 109 samples were collected consisting of 3 types of oral mucosal epithelial swab specimens, hypersalivation swabs, and blood plasma collected from each cow reported as suspected FMDs in 8 districts in South Sulawesi were tested for FMDV using one-step RT-PCR (3D).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>FMDV infection in oral mucosal epithelial swabs (ct = 28.9), saliva (ct = 30.62), and blood plasma (ct = 37.17) compared to controls used from the Farma Veterinary Center (ct = 29.10) using RT PCR (3D gene). These results indicate that the sensitivity value of oral mucosal epithelial swab specimens is the same as positive controls, even more sensitive, than when compared to saliva or blood plasma specimens. Sensitivity depends on the cycle threshold (CT) value for each RT PCR test and should be preferred in crucial situations if possible.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings indicate that using oral mucosal epithelial swab specimens is more sensitive to be used as superior samples for FMDV detection using RT-PCR (3D) as a powerful tool for early detection to enable faster and effective treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"252-260"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11910301/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143649620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}