Open Veterinary Journal最新文献

{"title":"Optimizing sperm sexing in Bali cattle: Effects of separation time and bull age on BSA gradient efficiency.","authors":"Yendraliza Yendraliza, Muhamad Rodiallah, Jaswandi Jaswandi","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i5.16","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i5.16","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sperm sexing is an important biotechnology for increasing reproductive efficiency by aligning offspring sex with production goals. For Bali cattle (<i>Bos javanicus</i>), a native Indonesian breed with high genetic and cultural value, sexed semen also contributes to germplasm conservation and sustainable breeding programs. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) gradient separation offers a practical and affordable alternative to flow cytometry; however, separation time and donor bull age may influence the efficiency of this method.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the effect of sperm separation time using the BSA method on sperm quality in bulls of different ages, before and after cryopreservation, confirmed by SRY-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) amplification.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fifty-six ejaculates were collected from Bali bulls aged 8, 9, and 10 years. Samples were subjected to a factorial randomized block design with sperm separation times of 30, 45, and 60 minutes using 5% and 10% BSA gradients. The X- and Y-bearing fractions were verified through molecular amplification of the <i>SRY</i> and <i>GAPDH</i> genes. Semen quality parameters, including motility, viability, abnormality, plasma membrane integrity (IPM), and acrosome integrity, were evaluated before and after cryopreservation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The separation time significantly influenced both molecular detection and post-thaw semen quality. A 30-minute separation period yielded the clearest discrimination of X and Y sperm and maintained higher post-thaw functional integrity than the 45- and 60-minute treatments. Among bull age groups, 9-year-old sires produced the highest quality semen across most parameters, particularly in terms of motility, viability, IPM, and acrosome integrity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Optimal conditions for BSA-based sperm sexing in Bali cattle are achieved with a 30-minute separation period using semen from 9-year-old bulls. These benchmarks provide a scientific basis for improving the efficiency of sexed semen production and support the sustainable use of Bali cattle in tropical breeding systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"16 5","pages":"2735-2745"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13313889/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148353043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Syndactyly in pigs.","authors":"José L Fernández-Vásquez, Samer Sánchez-Silva, Jorge Portal-Torres, Lizbeth Zambrano, Medali Cueva-Rodríguez","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i5.67","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i5.67","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Syndactyly, also known as mulefoot, is one of the most common physical extremity malformations. In pigs, syndactyly has been associated with genetic or environmental factors and occurs as an isolated defect or in association with other congenital anomalies.This case report aimed to describe a radiographically confirmed case of syndactyly in a piglet.</p><p><strong>Case description: </strong>A 17-day-old 6.2 kg piglet showed syndactyly in all four limbs. Although this anomaly did not affect the patient's daily activities, it was a congenital malformation of clinical and zootechnical relevance. A complete blood count, morphometric measurements, and limb radiographs were performed. Radiographs revealed a fusion of phalangeal bones in the forelimbs and an accessory phalangeal element located axially between the principal digits in the hindlimbs. The complete blood count revealed mild leukocytosis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Syndactyly occurs during embryonic development when the phalanges do not separate. Its severity can vary from a simple skin union to complete bone fusion. Syndactyly etiology is multifactorial and involves genetic and environmental factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"16 5","pages":"3274-3280"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13313796/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148353066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of a <i>Tithonia diversifolia</i> and oil palm frond baglog-based diet on growth performance, rumen fermentation, and nutrient digestibility in thin-tailed sheep.","authors":"Yurma Metri, Muhammad Amri, Budi Santosa, Firshty Febrianti, Evi Susanti, Debby Ratno Kustanto, Ahmad Ali Zulfiqar Majid","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i5.43","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i5.43","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Tithonia diversifolia</i> is a high-protein forage plant, and fermented oil palm frond baglog, a mushroom cultivation by-product, offers a sustainable fiber source for ruminant feeding. The combination of these ingredients may improve nutrient balance, rumen fermentation, and growth performance in thin-tailed sheep.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study evaluated the effects of diets combining <i>Tithonia diversifolia</i> and fermented oil palm frond baglog on microbial protein synthesis, rumen fermentation characteristics, nutrient digestibility, and growth performance of thin-tailed sheep.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sixteen male thin-tailed sheep (10-12 months old; 15-20 kg) were allocated in a completely randomized design with four dietary treatments and four replicates each: A = 40% concentrate + 60% Tithonia + 0% baglog; B = 40% concentrate + 40% Tithonia + 20% baglog; C = 40% concentrate + 30% Tithonia + 30% baglog; D = 40% concentrate + 20% Tithonia + 40% baglog. The measured parameters included purine derivatives (allantoin, uric acid, xanthine, and hypoxanthine), microbial nitrogen supply, rumen pH, NH₃-N, volatile fatty acids (VFA), nutrient digestibility (dry matter, organic matter, crude fat, and total digestible nutrients), feed efficiency, and average daily gain (ADG).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No significant differences in microbial protein synthesis parameters were observed among treatments. The D diet (20% Tithonia, 40% baglog) yielded the highest values for total purine derivatives (23.88 mM/day), allantoin (20.31 mM/day), microbial N supply (26.37 mM/day), dry matter digestibility (87.13%), organic matter digestibility (93.77%), crude fat digestibility (98.31%), feed efficiency (0.139%), and ADG (81.25 g/day). Rumen pH ranged from 7.09-7.22, NH₃-N from 42.36-43.50 mg/100 ml, and VFA from 79.89 to 92.78 mM.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A diet containing 20% <i>Tithonia diversifolia</i> and 40% fermented oil palm frond baglog optimizes nutrient digestibility, microbial nitrogen supply, and growth performance in thin-tailed sheep without affecting rumen fermentation balance. This combination represents a sustainable feeding strategy for improving small ruminant productivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"16 5","pages":"3008-3013"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13314229/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148352974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of the methanolic extract of <i>Tradescantia spathacea</i> on nitro-oxidative and chemokine responses in peritoneal macrophages from BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice.","authors":"Diana L Chávez-Aviña, Ángeles G Lugo-Díaz, Kibsaim Franco-Villanueva, Víctor I Lozano-Vielmas, Gustavo Hernández-Vidal, Raymundo A Pérez-Hernández, Adolfo Soto-Dominguez, Uziel Castillo-Velázquez","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i5.63","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i5.63","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>During innate immunity, peritoneal macrophages (PMs) orchestrate early nitro-oxidative and chemokine responses, and their polarization is influenced by mouse strain-dependent metabolic programs. <i>Tradescantia spathacea</i> is a medicinal plant with reported anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties; however, its effects on macrophage nitro-oxidative and chemokine responses remain unclear.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To investigate the effects of a methanolic extract of <i>T. spathacea</i> (MET.s) on nitro-oxidative and chemokine responses in PMs from BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-elicited PMs were obtained from female BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice. The cytotoxicity and half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of MET.s were determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide assay. Nitric oxide (NO) production was quantified using the Griess reaction. Gene expression of <i>iNOS, ARGII, TGF-β, MCP</i>, and <i>MIP</i> was evaluated by real-time PCR in PMs stimulated with IL-4 or LPS, alone or in combination with strain-specific IC50 concentrations of MET.s.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>MET.s did not reduce mitochondrial activity in either strain; IC50 values were 4.76 µg/ml for BALB/c and 81.92 µg/ml for C57BL/6 PMs. BALB/c PMs exhibited a modest but significant increase in NO at 50 µg/ml, whereas C57BL/6 PMs exhibited decreased NO at the same concentration, inverting the expected strain pattern. In BALB/c PMs, MET.s alone or in combination with LPS or IL-4 favored <i>iNOS</i> and <i>TGF-β</i> expression, suggesting a pro-nitro-oxidative yet regulated profile. In C57BL/6 PMs, LPS+MET.s downregulated <i>iNOS</i> while upregulating <i>ARGII</i> and <i>TGF-β</i>, while MET.s selectively increased <i>MIP</i> with concurrent <i>MCP</i> reduction in both LPS- and IL-4-driven conditions, indicating a shift towards a balanced chemokine-mediated recruitment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The MET.s exerts non-cytotoxic, strain-dependent immunomodulatory effects on PMs, reshaping nitro-oxidative output and chemokine gene expression to favor a context-dependent balance between activation and regulation. These findings support its potential as a natural immunomodulator and justify further mechanistic and <i>in vivo</i> studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"16 5","pages":"3237-3246"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13314325/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148353020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ovarian gonadal histomorphometric as bioindicators of lead contamination in stray cats from Jakarta and Surabaya, Indonesia.","authors":"Ragil Angga Prastiya, Raket Wonggo Murgiyana, Tutus Multianingsih, Trilas Sardjito, Amung Logam Saputro, Nagia Musa Alghoul, Samira Musa Sasi","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i5.14","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i5.14","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Rapid urbanization in Jakarta and Surabaya has intensified lead (Pb) contamination in the urban environment, and stray female cats, as effective bioindicators, provide a valuable model for assessing the accumulation of this persistent heavy metal and its potential adverse effects on ovarian health and reproductive function.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This research was conducted to assess the effect of environmental exposure to lead on reproductive parameters in stray female cats in Jakarta and Surabaya as a sign of urban environmental pollution.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We measured blood lead levels, and ovarian weights and follicular sizes were assessed to determine the effects on reproduction.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were no significant differences in lead levels or reproductive parameters between the two cities, indicating a similar burden across these urban areas. Furthermore, the lack of discernible changes in ovarian morphological structure implies that current levels of exposure to lead may not be immediately affecting reproductive structures. However, the possibilities of sub-clinical, long-term endocrine and reproductive influences cannot be ignored, making continued surveillance and rigorous cell-based investigations a priority. Overall, the prevailing pollution conditions did not cause stray cats to reach toxic levels of lead, but rather revealed a pattern of chronic exposure.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This work highlights the need for targeted environmental health policies to reduce pollution risks, protect urban animal populations, and consequently preserve human health. The results make very important contributions to the knowledge of urban.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"16 5","pages":"2714-2721"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13314350/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148353033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inhalation anesthesia for recording cardiac function in dogs using electrocardiography.","authors":"Ayad Nouri Diaa Alhakim, Dhurgham H Al Haideri, Abd-Alhadi Jaithom Marzok","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i5.38","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i5.38","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Inhalation anesthesia plays a critical role in veterinary cardiology by providing stable conditions for accurate Electrocardiogram (ECG) recordings in dogs. Volatile anesthetics such as sevoflurane and isoflurane are widely used due to their controllability and cardiovascular effects.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the impact of these agents on ECG parameters and cardiac rhythm stability in dogs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty healthy adult dogs were anesthetized using either isoflurane or sevoflurane under controlled conditions. ECG parameters, including heart rate (HR), PR interval (PR) interval, QRS complex (QRS) duration, and QT interval interval, were continuously monitored. Data were statistically analyzed to assess differences between the two anesthetic protocols.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sevoflurane demonstrated significantly improved ECG stability, reduced waveform variability, and fewer arrhythmogenic changes compared to isoflurane (<i>p</i> < 0.05). HR was higher, and PR intervals were shorter under sevoflurane, while QRS duration showed no significant difference between groups. ECG clarity was also superior with sevoflurane.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Sevoflurane provides more stable and reliable conditions for ECG recording in dogs compared to isoflurane. Its rapid induction and recovery, along with minimal cardiovascular disturbance, make it the preferred anesthetic agent for clinical and research applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"16 5","pages":"2955-2960"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13314002/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148353062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular characterization of <i>Echinococcus granulosus</i> isolated from cattle using multilocus genetic markers in Al-Diwaniyah City, Iraq.","authors":"Marwa Saleem Hajeel, Monyer Abdulamier Abd Alfatlawi","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i5.49","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i5.49","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cystic echinococcosis is a major zoonotic parasitic disease that affects livestock and public health worldwide.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to molecularly characterize <i>Echinococcus granulosus</i> from cattle using multilocus polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequencing from Al-Diwaniyah City, Iraq, to understand the unique local variants.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An examination of 150 slaughtered cattle was conducted in an abattoir in Al-Diwaniyah, Iraq, from January to June 2024. Thirty cattle had fertile hydatid cysts. One cyst was collected from each of the 30 cattle. The germinal layers were used to extract the processed DNA. TEN representatives were analyzed through multilocus PCR and sequenced for <i>ACT-2,</i> cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (<i>COX1),</i> cytochrome b <i>(CYT)</i>, and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (<i>ND1)</i>. This was followed by BLAST and phylogenetic analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 150 inspected cattle, 30 (20.0%) weighed livestock had viable hydatid cysts, and one cyst was harvested per livestock. Multilocus PCR had a success rate of 100% (10/10) for four selected markers (ACT-2, COX1, CYT, and ND1) in the respective isolates. When sequenced, the isolates' nucleotides matched the global references for <i>E. granulosus</i> within the range of 94.96%-99.61%(mean = 96.95%) for ACT-2, 94.87%-98.72% (mean = 96.41%) for <i>COX1</i>, 99.54%-100% (mean = 99.73%) for CYT, and 96.58%-100% (mean = 98.93%) for ND1. Based on the individual marker sequences, phylogenetic construction of the Iraqi cattle isolates clustered them in the <i>E. granulosus sensu stricto</i> complex (G1-G3) with trace amounts of polymorphisms, evidencing a potential for regionally endemic low-diversity haplotypes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study shows that cattle in Al-Diwaniyah Province, Iraq, have <i>E. granulosus sensu stricto</i> genotypes (G1-G3) that suggest the presence of local variants despite having overall high sequence similarity and some divergence, particularly at the COX1 locus. The Iraqi cattle isolates being in the same cluster as the regional and global reference strains indicates that the isolates share transmission lineages and have not undergone divergent evolution. This study corroborates the epidemiological finding that cattle are intermediate hosts in dog-mediated transmission cycles and offers country-specific molecular evidence to support the One Health surveillance and control strategies in Iraq.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"16 5","pages":"3067-3079"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13314263/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148353052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of toll-like receptor 7/8 activation by ligand (R848) on morphometry, proportion of X-Y chromosome-bearing sperm, and sexed sperm quality of bucks.","authors":"Nurcholidah Solihati, Rangga Setiawan, Siti Darodjah Rasad","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i4.12","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i4.12","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sperm separation is a reproductive biotechnology that separates X- and Y-chromosome-bearing sperm to predetermine offspring sex, offering major benefits for livestock breeding programs. The discovery of an easy, inexpensive, and effective method will be very useful as an alternative to flow cytometry. The swim-up method is a method that meets these criteria. Combining the swim-up method with the addition of a substance to separate X- and Y-chromosome-bearing sperm is very helpful in developing more efficient methods. The activation of TLR 7/8 using the ligand R848 is related to sperm morphometry, the proportion of X and Y chromosome-bearing sperm, and sexed sperm quality.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to determine the effect of activating TLR 7/8 using the ligand R848 on sperm morphometry, the proportion of X- and Y-chromosome-bearing sperm, and sexed sperm quality in bucks.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fresh semen samples were collected from 3-year-old bucks using an artificial vagina. A completely random design was used with four treatment levels of ligand (R848) and seven replications. The level treatment of ligand (R848) consisted of T₀ = 0 µM, T₁ = 0,3 µM, T₂ = 0,6 µM, and T₃ = 0,9 µM. Morphometry, the proportion of X-Y chromosome-bearing sperm, immunostaining, and sexed sperm motility were the evaluated parameters.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sperm length ranged from 7.02 to 9.99 µm and 8.54 µm on average. Sperm width ranges from 3.08 to 6.01 µm, with an average of 4.61 µm. The sperm head area ranges from 28.02 to 34.14 µm². The proportion of X and Y sperm was significantly different between the upper and bottom layers at treatment 3 (T3), but not for other treatments. The use of ligand (R848) significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05) affected sperm motility at the bottom layer, but not in the upper layer. The results show that at the bottom layer, the total motility of T3 (79.56%) is significantly lower than that of T0 (89.78%), T1 (87.18%), and T2 (87.01%), whereas T0, T1, and T2 are not significantly different.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Ligand (R848)-mediated activation of Toll-like receptors 7/8 selectively suppresses motility of X-chromosome-bearing sperm in buck, enabling effective enrichment of X-sperm via simple swim-up separation. Morphometric analysis, motility assessment, and immunofluorescence analysis confirmed that the bottom fraction was significantly enriched in functionally impaired X-sperm.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"16 4","pages":"2072-2081"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13313878/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148353070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preliminary study of genetic variation in the CYP26B1 gene coding region in Bali cattle bulls.","authors":"Nelyta Mulyati, Ronny Rachman Noor, Jakaria Jakaria","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i4.28","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i4.28","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The cytochrome P450 family 26 subfamily B polypeptide 1 (CYP26B1) gene plays a crucial role in the regulation of retinoic acid metabolism, which is involved in various physiological processes in cattle, including reproduction and development. Therefore, studying genetic variation in the CYP26B1 gene can provide valuable baseline information for understanding its molecular diversity in cattle.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to identify single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and assess the genetic diversity of CYP26B1 in Bali bulls.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Blood samples were collected from 10 Bali cattle bulls at the Artificial Insemination Center in Singosari, Malang, East Java, Indonesia. The coding region of CYP26B1 was amplified and sequenced. SNP identification and sequence analyses were performed using the MEGA software version 12. Allele and genotype frequencies, observed and expected heterozygosity (Ho and He), and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were evaluated using a chi-square (<i>χ</i>²) test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Six SNPs were identified within the 1.539-bp coding region of the CYP26B1 gene, namely c.528 C>T, c.624 G>A, c.948 G>A, c.1005 C>T, c.1098 G>T, and c.1125 G>A. Five SNPs showed an allele frequency of 0.95/0.05, while SNP c.1125 G>A showed an allele frequency of 0.40/0.60. All SNPs identified were synonymous and did not result in amino acid substitutions. None of the SNPs within this sample deviated from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (<i>χ</i>² = 1.7-3.2; <i>p</i> > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The SNPs identified in Bali bulls indicate low-to-moderate genetic variation among the individuals sampled. These findings provide preliminary molecular information that may serve as a reference for future studies using larger sample sizes and functional approaches to clarify the potential relevance of CYP26B1 variation.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"16 4","pages":"2440-2448"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13314080/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148352916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of <i>Salmonella</i> spp. Lipopolysaccharide immunogenicity for candidate vaccine development.","authors":"Husain Ali Khalaf, Alaa Abdulaziz Abed","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i4.55","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i4.55","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Salmonella</i> infections impose considerable global health challenges, mostly due to the variable serovar efficacy of existing vaccines. Salmonella's lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an integral surface component that potently stimulates and activates the innate immune system, is a prime candidate for the development of universal vaccine formulations. Evaluating the immunogenic potential of LPS requires meticulous and complete molecular typing and characterization of the Salmonella subspecies.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to isolate, purify, and characterize LPS from Salmonella spp. isolates, confirm the bacterial strains through molecular phylogenetic analysis, evaluate the immune responses induced by LPS in host models, and assess their potential as a candidate for vaccine development.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We identified clinical isolates using biochemical and molecular (sequence-based) tools. LPS was extracted and purified using the hot phenol-water method. The molecular integrity of LPS and the presence of a ladder O-antigen were detected by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Experimental animals were immunized with LPS, and their immune responses were evaluated by estimating serum cytokine [TNF -α, Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)] levels, IgM and IgG antibody responses, and challenge protection rate. Descriptive statistics were performed, and <i>p</i> < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analyses confirmed that the isolates were Salmonella spp. with close genetic distances to the reference strains. SDS-PAGE indicated a crystal clear and smooth-type LPS profile with clear O-antigens. LPS immunization effectively provoked significant levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, IL-6, IL-1β, and IFN-γ (<i>p</i> < 0.01). Particular to LPS, anti-IgM and IgG antibody levels were vividly increased (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Challenge experiments demonstrated that prolonged survival and decreased clinical signs were evident in LPS-immunized groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The extracted LPS was predictably immunogenic, exhibiting robust innate and adaptive immune responses, and thus could be envisioned as a novel candidate for the development of Salmonella vaccines.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"16 4","pages":"2552-2560"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13313914/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148352949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}