Open Veterinary Journal最新文献

{"title":"Genetic diversity and molecular identification of sheep infected with <i>Theileria ovis</i> in Central Iraq.","authors":"Monyer Abdulameir Abd Alfatlawi, Mohammed Qasim Hadi","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i5.36","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i5.36","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The parasitic disease <i>Theileria ovis</i> (Ovine Theileriosis) affects the health and productivity of infected sheep and sheep-based industries, especially in areas impacted by endemic tick-borne disease.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to achieve molecular characterization of <i>T. ovis</i> in sheep in Central Iraq and analyze the genetic diversity and phylogenetics of the local isolates through partial 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A complete blood sample was collected from the sheep, from which genomic DNA was extracted. For the molecular characterization of <i>T. ovis</i>, a nested conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed targeting the 18S rRNA gene. Positive PCR amplicons were selected and subjected to Sanger sequencing, after which the sequencing data were edited and compared to GenBank and other countries' data using NCBI-BLAST. The phylogenetic analysis was based on the Maximum Likelihood method and the Tamura-Nei model. Sequence alignment was performed to determine the variation and similarity in nucleotides among the different isolates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The expected 520-bp fragment of the 18S rRNA gene in the sheep samples was successfully amplified using nested PCR, confirming the presence of <i>T. ovis</i> infections. Ten representative isolates were sequenced, and the resulting sequences were submitted to GenBank with the following accession numbers: PX755062 to PX755071. A BLAST analysis of the submitted sequences showed a high nucleotide identity percentage to the previously characterized <i>T. ovis</i> isolates from different countries, ranging from 98.81% to 100%. The isolates from Egypt and Türkiye exhibited the greatest similarity, whereas the isolates from Pakistan, China, Japan, and Iraq had slightly lower identity values than the isolates from other countries. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the <i>T. ovis</i> clade also contained the Iraqi sheep isolates, and in conjunction with the global reference strains, the identity of the <i>T. ovis</i> species was confirmed, indicating a low level of genetic diversity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study offers clear molecular data regarding the circulation of <i>T. ovis</i> in sheep in central Iraq. Iraqi isolates and global strains have high genetic similarity. This proves that a conserved 18S rRNA gene with minor regional variation exists. The data hydra provides to the epidemiology of ovine theileriosis in Iraq is significant and exemplifies the need for complex molecular surveillance to monitor and control the disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"16 5","pages":"2939-2947"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13314146/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148353006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coumaphos residues in Kosovar honey: Implications for food safety and public health.","authors":"Adem Rama, Beqe Hulaj, Imer Haziri, Klaus Wallner, Birigit Fritz, Arben Sinani, Ibrahim Okene Abdulazeez","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i5.12","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i5.12","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The rampant occurrence of <i>Varroa</i> mites in honeybee hives has resulted in the significant application of chemical acaricides, prompting concerns regarding pesticide residue contamination in honey and its effects on food safety and public health.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to examine the presence and concentrations of coumaphos pesticide residues in honey produced by individual beekeepers in the Peja area of Kosovo.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Forty honey samples were gathered and examined using gas chromatography with an electron capture detector. The method validation showed acceptable performance, with recovery rates ranging from 78.2% to 98.0%. The detection limits varied between 0.001 and 0.168 µg/kg, whereas the quantification limits were 0.003 µg/kg for flumethrin and 0.005 µg/kg for coumaphos.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Pesticide residues were found in 11 (27.5%) of 40 samples. Coumaphos was the sole found pesticide, with levels ranging from 3.4 to 39.1 µg/kg. Among the contaminated samples, 35.3% surpassed the European Union Maximum Residue Levels, indicating possible hazards to honey safety and adherence to regulations.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Acaricides used inside hives are the main cause of pesticide contamination in honey. Ongoing evaluation of pesticide residues and focused educational initiatives for beekeepers regarding suitable hive management techniques are recommended to improve honey safety and safeguard consumer health.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"16 5","pages":"2696-2703"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13314216/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148353071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular profiling of <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Campylobacter jejuni</i> isolated from captive avian species: Virulence factors and resistance patterns.","authors":"Aqsa Imtiaz, Syed Mohsin Bukhari, Ali Hussain, Shahid Mehmood, Fareeha Akhtar","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i5.32","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i5.32","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study characterizes <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Campylobacter jejuni</i> isolated from the fecal samples of captive avian species.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to assess their molecular and genetic profiles, including virulence and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) traits.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fecal samples were collected from peafowl, pheasant, chukar partridge, turkey, and quail reared in avian farms in Kasur, Pakistan. Bacterial species were isolated and identified using selective culture techniques and biochemical tests. DNA was extracted through the phenol-chloroform method, and the 16S rRNA gene was amplified using species-specific primers for molecular identification. Sanger sequencing and Basic Local Alignment Search Tool analysis were employed for species confirmation and submission of sequences to National Center for Biotechnology Information. Virulence genes (<i>fla</i>A, <i>cdt</i>A, <i>cdt</i>B, and <i>dna</i>J for <i>C. jejuni</i>; <i>fim</i>A, <i>eae</i>, <i>stx</i>1, and <i>stx</i>2 for <i>E. coli</i>) and AMR genes (<i>tet</i>(O) and <i>bla</i>OXA-61 for <i>C. jejuni</i>; <i>tet</i>A, <i>tet</i>B, <i>bla</i>TEM, <i>bla</i>SHV, and <i>bla</i>CMY for <i>E. coli</i>) were detected using polymerase chain reaction (PCR).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The 16S rRNA gene sequences confirmed the identity of <i>E. coli</i> and <i>C. jejuni.</i> Virulence genes were widespread in <i>C. jejuni</i> (<i>cdt</i>A and <i>cdt</i>B: 100%; <i>fla</i>A: 80%; <i>dna</i>J: 40%) and <i>E. coli</i> (<i>fim</i>A: 100%; <i>eae</i> 20%; <i>stx</i>1/<i>stx</i>2 10%). AMR genes were highly prevalent in both species. According to PCR results, all the examined <i>E. coli</i> isolates had both beta lactam and (<i>tet</i>A, <i>tet</i>B) resistance genes. The presence of virulence and resistance genes highlights the pathogenic potential of <i>E. coli</i> and <i>C. jejuni</i> in captive avian species, underscoring the importance of monitoring these pathogens in avian farms.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings contribute to understanding the role and molecular epidemiology of these bacterial species in public health.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"16 5","pages":"2899-2910"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13314104/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148353087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular diagnosis of methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> in backyard chickens affected with bumble foot.","authors":"Ezzalden B Ghayib, Sumaya Y A Al-Dabbagh","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i5.48","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i5.48","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b> <b><i>:</i></b> <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (<i>S. aureus</i>) is an important zoonotic infection that causes diseases in chickens.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The study aimed to isolate of MRSA from chickens that suffered from bumblefoot and perform molecular diagnosis using the <i>mecA</i> gene and detection of protein A using the <i>spa</i> gene.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The samples were subjected to standard bacteriological examinations, including morphological and cultural characteristics, biochemical properties, and antibiotic sensitivity tests. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was done for the detection of <i>S. aureus</i> using the (<i>nuc</i>, <i>mecA,</i> and <i>spa</i>) genes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study showed that <i>S. aureus</i> formed 68/100 (68%) from chickens with bumble foot disease, while only 49 / 68 (72%) of the isolates were resistant to methicillin according to the disc diffusion test. The results of molecular detection showed that all tested isolates possessed (<i>nuc, mecA</i>, and <i>spa</i>) genes that gave amplicon products at (166 bp,147 bp, and 357 bp), respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The existence of MRSA in chicken samples comprises a threat to public health due to its potential transmission to humans and the environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"16 5","pages":"3060-3066"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13314178/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148353128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of desmopressin on buccal mucosal bleeding time in healthy dogs.","authors":"Shuji Suzuki, Sachiyo Tanaka, Nobuo Kanno, Takuya Yogo, Yasuji Harada, Yasushi Hara","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i5.4","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i5.4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Desmopressin acetate (DDAVP) is used as a hemostatic adjunct because it can improve primary hemostasis and increase Factor VIII- and von Willebrand factor-related variables. However, its effects in dogs under general anesthesia are not well defined.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the effect of DDAVP on buccal mucosal bleeding time (BMBT) in anesthetized healthy dogs and to assess concurrent changes in plasma FVIII antigen (FVIII:Ag).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-seven healthy Beagle dogs were randomly assigned to receive intravenous saline (control; <i>n</i> = 8) or DDAVP at 0.6 (<i>n</i> = 7), 1.2 (<i>n</i> = 6), or 1.8 µg/kg (<i>n</i> = 6) under isoflurane anesthesia. The BMBT was measured 30 minutes after administration. Blood samples were collected at baseline and at 30 and 60 minutes to measure FVIII:Ag, complete blood count, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, fibrinogen, and electrolytes. Heart rate and arterial blood pressure were recorded at the same time points.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At 30 minutes after administration, the BMBT values were 128.2 (92.1-157.7) seconds in the control group, 105.2 (72.4-122.0) seconds in the 0.6 µg/kg group, 74.1 (58.6-101.8) seconds in the 1.2 µg/kg group, and 47.2 (44.4-76.1) seconds in the 1.8 µg/kg group.BMBT was significantly shorter in the 1.2 and 1.8 µg/kg groups than in the controls, and in the 1.8 µg/kg group than in the 0.6 µg/kg group (<i>p</i> < 0.05). FVIII:Ag levels at 60 minutes were significantly higher in the 1.8 µg/kg group than in the control group (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and increased from baseline to 60 minutes in the 1.2 and 1.8 µg/kg groups (<i>p</i> < 0.05). No other significant differences were detected.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>DDAVP dose-dependently shortened BMBT and increased FVIII:Ag in 60 minutes in healthy anesthetized dogs. These findings provide preliminary data and support further investigation of DDAVP in patients undergoing surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"16 5","pages":"2610-2618"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13313920/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148353083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of <i>Lactobacillus acidophilus</i> D2/CSL as a dietary supplement on faecal parameters in rabbits.","authors":"Elisa Martello, Muhammad Irfan Malik, Corrado Biolatti, Francesca Perondi, Ilaria Biasato, Maria Teresa Capucchio","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i5.66","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i5.66","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The quality of meat, short life cycles, prolific nature, and efficient feed utilization make rabbits an interesting farm animal and an emerging business entity. Intensive farming still poses many types of stress that can lead to multifactorial gastrointestinal syndrome. The ban on antibiotics and the need for sustainable solutions make probiotic supplementation a possible strategy to improve rabbit growth performance.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to characterize the effect of the probiotic in rabbits by measuring fecal parameters, including weight, dry matter, pH, and consistency, to confirm their beneficial use.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To perform a multicentric study, three trials were organized, including 30 animals/trial, and were randomly allocated into two groups: a TRT, with the administration of an oral paste containing <i>Lactobacillus acidophilus,</i> and a control group (CTR). Fecal weight, dry matter, pH, and consistency were recorded weekly.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant increases in fecal weight were observed in the CTR and TRT groups across the 45-day study period (<i>p</i> < 0.0001). Unlike the CTR group, the TRT group exhibited a consistent and significant decrease in fecal pH and an increase in fecal dry matter and fecal hardness throughout the study period (<i>p</i> < 0.0001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings suggest that <i>L. acidophilus</i> supplementation improved fecal consistency and fecal dry matter and reduced fecal pH, potentially improving the caecotrophy behavior with a beneficial effect on nutrient digestibility.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"16 5","pages":"3264-3273"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13314353/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148352981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-<i>Cryptosporidium</i> efficacy and metabolite profiling of <i>Schefflera arboricola</i> L. leaves extract.","authors":"Amal M El-Feky, Amany M Mohamed, Magdy A Ayad, Nehal M Khairy, Raafat Mohamed Shaapan","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i5.50","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i5.50","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Schefflera arboricola</i> L., (<i>S. arboricola</i> L) is a member of the Araliaceae family and exhibits various biological activities. <i>Cryptosporidium</i> <i>parvum</i>, a zoonotic protozoan infection, can infect a variety of vertebrate and invertebrate hosts, including humans.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to explore the phytochemical constituents and efficacy of <i>S. arboricola</i> leaf extracts against <i>C. parvum</i> infection.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The assessment of chlorophyll, carotenoid, carbohydrate, total phenolic, and flavonoid contents in the leaves of <i>S. arboricola</i> was quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography and UPLC/ESI-MS. Parasitological, histological, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) fragmentation, liver functions, lipid profiles, and antioxidant parameter analysis will be used to assess the efficacy of the treatments after oral infection with <i>C. parvum</i> oocytes (2 × 10³/mouse). Fifty adult male mice were divided into five groups (10 each): non-treated <i>Cryptosporidium</i>-infected group (G1), infected and treated with low-dose <i>S. arboricola</i> extract (100 mg/kg) (G2), infected and treated with high-dose <i>S. arboricola</i> extract (200 mg/kg) (G3), Nitazoxanide treated (150 mg/kg) (G4), and non-infected group (G5).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study quantified the total phenolic and flavonoid contents 267.54 ± 0.61 mg GAE/g and 514.89 ± 0.20 mg rutin/g, respectively, and identified 51 compounds, including 14 phenolic acids and their derivatives, 30 flavonoids, 6 coumarins, and 1 anthocyanin. Both infected-treated mice groups (G2 & G3) showed a considerable improvement in <i>Cryptosporidium</i> oocyte shedding, with significant effectiveness (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In addition, the infected-treated groups showed less severe changes in the intestinal epithelium structures and a significant decrease in DNA fragmentation, hepatic biomarkers, and lipid indices compared with the infected non-treated control group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong><i>Schefflera arboricola</i> leaves contain a wide variety of pigments, carotenoid, carbohydrate, phenolic, and flavonoid compounds. Extracts of <i>S. arboricola</i> leaves are a new interesting prospective natural product that may be used in the treatment of <i>Cryptosporidium</i> infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"16 5","pages":"3080-3093"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13314321/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148352983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real time PCR identification of <i>Ixodes holocyclus</i> from imported cats and associated health risks.","authors":"Ayman Albanna, Omar A Al-Mahmood","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i5.9","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i5.9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: Ticks are ectoparasites of major veterinary and medical importance due to their capacity to vector numerous pathogens. Bacterial, viral, and protozoan diseases that affect livestock and companion animals can cause economic losses and reduce productivity. To protect animal health, ensure food safety, and reduce the incidence of tick-borne disease in humans, effective surveillance and integrated control of ticks are essential.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The objective of this article was to employ morphological identification and molecular techniques to detect and confirm <i>Ixodes holocyclus</i> ticks infesting imported domestic cats.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A study of a total of 100 imported domestic cats from importers, which were brought to the veterinary clinic for regular check-ups. Under a stereomicroscope, ticks were identified by their morphology and using standard taxonomic keys. DNA obtained from every individual tick sampled was examined by targeting tick-specific gene markers through conventional PCR. Real-time PCR detects and confirms the types of tick species and their associated pathogens in their natural habitats.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results of morphological identification revealed the presence of the tick in 18 out of 100 cats (18%), exhibiting the morphological characteristics of the <i>I. holocyclus</i>. The positive samples were then identified as isolates using conventional PCR based on the cox1 mitochondrion. The cox1 gene had Ct values of 18.00 to 18.30; for EF1-α, it was around 21.49 to 21.55, and thus consistent. The melt curve data of both genes produced a single peak, indicating the high specificity of the assay. A phylogenetic analysis of the 18 sequenced isolates based on partial mitochondrial COX1 gene sequences showed four clusters. The largest cluster was comprised of 11 isolates that were closely related to OQ675411.1 (<i>Ixodes holocyclus</i> isolate H1). Overall, the isolates were confirmed <i>as Ixodes holocyclus</i>, with minor differences.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The real-time PCR method was able to detect Ixodes holocyclus ticks with speed, accuracy, and 100% specificity. Ticks can infest cats, allowing them to carry these parasites into both the house and the environment. This also raises the risk of transmission, including zoonotic transmission. Furthermore, this can also pose a public health hazard.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"16 5","pages":"2667-2676"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13314169/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148352985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Different dose-based multi HN&F epitope mRNA vaccine against Newcastle disease.","authors":"Asma Abdlhusen Shrshoh, Nafea Sabih Jasim","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i5.3","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i5.3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is considered a major player in the ongoing challenges in the poultry farming system due to its virulence, which affects productivity.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to develop and evaluate a multi-epitope mRNA vaccine that targets the NDV fusion (F) and hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) proteins in chickens.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitopes were obtained from NetCTL 1.2, whereas the helper T lymphocyte (HTL) epitopes were predicted using the IEDB MHC-II binding prediction tool. The subsequent selection of the epitopes was via binding affinity and was also predicted antigenically (VaxiJen v2.0) and allergenically (AllerTOP v2.0), and for sequence conservancy. The selected epitopes were fused with Alanine-Alanine-Tyrosine, Glycine-Proline-Glycine-Proline-Glycine, and Lysine-Lysine linkers. The vector was constructed, and the sequence was validated using VectorBee. There were 280 chickens distributed randomly across eight sets (<i>n</i> = 35 per set), consisting of one set that received the F&HN multi-epitope mRNA vaccine in addition to one set that was unvaccinated and served as a negative control, and six sets that received one of several different commercially available NDV vaccines. A virulent NDV strain was used to challenge the birds, and hemagglutination inhibition (HI), ELISA, lymphocyte proliferation, and Interferon-gamma Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSpot assays were used to assess the immune responses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Several epitopes for CTL, HTL, and B-cells that were both conservatively positioned and highly immunogenic were identified for the F and HN proteins. In the experiment, chickens that were immunized with the multi-epitope mRNA vaccine had significantly higher HI antibody titers and ELISA optical density values than the negative control group. The mRNA vaccine group had statistically significant differences in lymphocyte proliferation and the number of IFN-γ-producing cells. After the virulent NDV challenge, the mRNA vaccine group had the best protection with the fewest and least severe clinical signs and the lowest mortality.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The mRNA vaccine for the F and HN multi-epitopes NDV was the first to provide extensive protection against NDV. The vaccine elicited strong immune responses, demonstrating the potential of mRNA multi-epitope-based vaccines for NDV as a significant improvement over the previous method.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"16 5","pages":"2601-2609"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13313948/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148353045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Foodborne antimicrobial resistance risks in traditional markets in West Sumatra: a one health investigation of <i>Escherichia coli</i> in chicken meat.","authors":"Engki Zelpina, Prima Silvia Noor, Yurni Sari Amir, Suliha Suliha","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i5.31","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i5.31","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Escherichia coli</i> is a prevalent bacterial contaminant in poultry meat, functioning as an indicator of fecal contamination and antibiotic misuse in animal husbandry. The rising prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) <i>E. coli</i> strains is a significant concern for food safety and public health, especially in areas where traditional markets are the primary meat distribution channels.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study sought to ascertain the prevalence and antibiotic resistance profiles of <i>E. coli</i> isolated from chicken meat in traditional markets in West Sumatra, Indonesia, and to evaluate the potential relationships among resistance patterns.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 65 chicken thigh meat samples were obtained from 5 traditional markets between July and September 2025. Isolation and identification of <i>E. coli</i> were performed using microbiological and biochemical techniques in accordance with the SNI 2897:2008 standard. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was conducted with the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method on MHA, with the results were interpreted in accordance with CLSI 2023. Seven antibiotics were evaluated: amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, tetracycline, streptomycin, ampicillin and erythromycin.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong><i>Escherichia coli</i> was detected in 9 (13.8%) samples. The highest resistance rates were observed for streptomycin (66.7%), erythromycin (66.7%), and ampicillin (55.6%), while amoxicillin-clavulanic acid exhibited the highest susceptibility (77.8%). Substantial positive correlations (<i>r</i> > 0.87, <i>p</i> < 0.01) among gentamicin, streptomycin, and ampicillin suggested potential mechanisms of co-resistance.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong><i>Escherichia coli</i> isolates from chicken meat in traditional markets exhibited antibiotic resistance, posing a risk of MDR. It is imperative that local authorities implement robust monitoring and surveillance frameworks to systematically evaluate the presence of pathogens and the development of antimicrobial resistance across the food chain.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"16 5","pages":"2892-2898"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13314119/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148353061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}