Open Veterinary Journal最新文献

{"title":"Effects of grind carob seeds supplementation in the diet of domestic male rabbits, injected with alloxan, on some productive, physiological, and histological traits.","authors":"Majid J Al Saadi, Lateef I Hadi, Ghalib Alkaisse, Jassim E Q Al Musawi","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i6.52","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i6.52","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Many types of medicinal plants have a positive effect when added as feed additives in the diets of animal models, particularly experimental diabetic animals.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This research aimed to investigate the impact of adding two levels of grind carob seeds to the diet on the growth of domestic male rabbits.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>20 male domestic growing rabbits were used and divided into four groups. The first group was fed a basal diet without any treatment and kept as control negative (first treatment), the second group was alloxan injected to induce experimental diabetes and received a basal diet, while third and fourth groups also induced diabetes by alloxan injected and fed a same Basale diet including 1% and 3% grind carob seeds to each group, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that animals in both the third and fourth groups revealed gradual improvement in general health status with the progress of the experimental period especially in body weight and, feed intake, while there was a decrease in cortisol and glucagon hormone levels and depression in both glucose and insulin ranges in compare to control positive (diabetic group); whereas, the control negative group was still in normal standard health status.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>From the present results it might be concluded that the grinded carob seed supplementation appeared to have obvious positive effects in the two groups suffering from experiment diabetic mellitus, due to avoiding those animals from the deleterious effects of such illness, especially in the group that received 3% carob seed.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 6","pages":"2831-2839"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12451133/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145131561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutrigenomics: A tool to unlock genetic potential of Nigerian indigenous goat breeds.","authors":"Adeyinka Oye Akintunde, Imam Mustofa, Lois Chidinma Ndubuisi-Ogbonna, Adenike Abosede Adebisi, Oluwafunmike Omowunmi Oyekale, Aswin Rafif Khairullah, Riza Zainuddin Ahmad, Chairdin Dwi Nugraha, Lili Anggraini, Latifah Latifah","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i6.4","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i6.4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nigerian indigenous goats represent a valuable genetic resource for meat and milk production. However, their productivity often falls below their genetic potential because of sub-optimal nutrition. Nutrigenomics offers a revolutionary approach to bridge this gap by exploring the interactions between nutrients and goat genes. This study explores how nutrigenomic tools can be used to identify gene variants associated with feed efficiency, meat quality, and milk production. Various technologies are designed to ensure the realization of genetic potential. Nutrigenomics is aimed at exploiting the noncoding section of an individual's genome, which is disregarded in traditional animal nutrient requirement assessment. Nutrigenomic technology has the potential to unlock the genetic potential of animals and essentially help to confront nutritional challenges and sub-optimal use of available feed resources, particularly in Nigerian indigenous goats, of which there is a dearth of information on their nutritional needs and requirements. This review discusses the potential of nutrigenomics to unlock the genetic potential of Nigerian indigenous goats. In addition, the review discusses the challenges and future directions of nutrigenomic research in Nigerian goats. By implementing nutrigenomic strategies, Nigerian goat production can be revolutionized, leading to increased productivity, improved product quality, and enhanced farmer livelihoods. It is hoped that this review will provide vital information to aid research into the nutrigenomics potential of unlocking the genetic potentials and reproductive performance of Nigerian indigenous goats through nutrition.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 6","pages":"2298-2311"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12451152/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145131596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pathogen-driven pregnancy loss in dairy cattle: An overview of diagnostic advances and innovations.","authors":"Nina Herlina, Safika, Ekowati Handharyani, Agus Setiyono","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i6.3","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i6.3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pregnancy failure or abortion in dairy cattle is a major reproductive concern that affects animal welfare and the dairy industry's economic stability. Pathogens are a key factor contributing to this issue. Accurate diagnosis is essential for effective management and preventive measures. This review discusses various pathogens responsible for abortion in dairy cattle, including bacteria, viruses, and protozoa. Conventional diagnostic methods, which are important, may not always comprehensively detect all pathogens involved in abortion. This study focuses on current advances in diagnostic technology, particularly molecular approaches such as polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, as well as the promise of metagenomic techniques for increased accuracy. By integrating recent research findings, this review emphasizes the significance of these advancements in enhancing disease management, prevention measures, and overall herd health.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 6","pages":"2286-2297"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12451131/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145131356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antiulcer activity of <i>Prosopis farcta</i> L. fruits extract in rats.","authors":"Amer Hakeem Chyad, Omar Salim Ibrahim, Rawaa Saladdin Jumaa","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i6.11","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i6.11","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Peptic ulcer is a condition where the lining of the stomach is damaged by acid and/or pepsin, often caused by the use of NSAIDs. Previous research has shown that NSAIDs can suppress prostaglandin-E2 synthesis, causing ulceration and delay ulcer healing process.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The researcher had investigated the antiulcer activity of <i>Prosopis farcta</i> (PF). fruits extract against indomethacin-induced ulcers in rats, comparing it to the standard drug, ranitidine.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>In the study, 36 male albino Wistar rats were used and this study was conducted to assess the safety of the extract. No signs of toxicity were observed in rats given doses up to 5 g/kg body weight, indicating the extract's safety. To induce ulcers, indomethacin (50 mg/kg p.o.) was administered to the rats. The rats were divided into six groups (<i>n</i> = 6), including a control group, a standard control group receiving ranitidine, and groups receiving different doses of PF extract including (300, 400, and 500mg/kg). The rats were sacrificed after seven days of treatment, and their stomachs were examined for ulcer index, total acidity, free acidity, gastric juice volume, and histopathological changes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study found that the extract effectively protected against indomethacin-induced gastric mucosal injuries. It showed a significant (<i>p</i> < 0.05) reduced the severity of lesions and increased the percentage protection of ulcers. The extract also decreased gastric acidity and increased mucus production, indicating its cytoprotective properties. Histopathological examination revealed that the extract prevented morphological changes such as inflammation, necrosis, and ulcers caused by indomethacin. Statistical analysis was performed to determine significant differences between groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong><i>Prosopis farcta</i> L. fruit extract special (400 mg /kg) showed potential as a natural treatment for gastric ulcers and can provide cytoprotective effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 6","pages":"2386-2394"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12451121/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145131401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The protective and therapeutic roles of green tea extract on body weight, inflammatory markers, renal function, oxidative stress, and kidney histopathology in rats treated with gentamicin.","authors":"Nabeel Mahdi Abed, Hakeem Jawad Kadhim, Fadil Mohsen Hamed","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i6.43","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i6.43","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Green tea (GT), which is rich in polyphenolic compounds, has an extensive array of proactive preventive and therapeutic properties for the mitigation of various diseases, including acute kidney damage. This study hypothesized that GT attenuates gentamicin-induced renal damage by decreasing the levels of inflammatory biomarkers and exerting antioxidant properties.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>This experiment was designed to investigate the effects of gentamicin on kidney functions and to determine whether GT extract prevents or minimizes the adverse effects of gentamicin in male Sprague-Dawley rats.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Five groups were formed: a control (untreated) group and four experimental groups. For 2 weeks, the control group received distilled water. In the first experimental group (T1), rats orally received GT extract (20 µg/g body weight) for 2 weeks. In the second group (T2), gentamicin (100 mg/kg body weight) was injected intraperitoneally for 1 week. In the third group (T3), rats were intraperitoneally injected with gentamicin for a week; then, an oral administration of GT extract. In the last group (T4), an intraperitoneal injection of gentamicin was administered, followed by an oral administration of GT extract for 2 weeks. Blood and kidney tissues were collected at the end of the treatment for biochemical and histological examinations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The administration of gentamicin induced a decline in body weight and increases in the levels of inflammatory markers (kidney injury molecule I, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin-6), urea, and creatinine, which are indicative of renal damage. Histopathological examination revealed extensive renal tissue damage. However, concurrent administration of gentamicin and GT diminished these parameters by decreasing the malondialdehyde concentration and improving the activity of antioxidant enzymes (glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase). Furthermore, gentamicin injections caused nephrotoxicity, as evidenced by a reduction in body weight and higher levels of urea, creatinine, and inflammatory markers.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>GT mitigated the effects of gentamicin by improving the activity of antioxidant enzymes, resulting in a reduction in oxidative stress and minimization of inflammation. These findings suggest a potential complementary role for GT extract in the minimization of gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 6","pages":"2750-2761"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12451148/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145131473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic effects of single-clove garlic extract on nicotine-induced inflammation and histopathological changes in rats.","authors":"Maya Nurwartanti Yunita, Hani Plumeriastuti, Wiwiek Tyasningsih, Bodhi Agustono, Andhika Lutfhi Hardiono, Gabrian Wahyu Prasetyanuri, Shofia Shofia, Reina Puspita Rahmaniar, Md Aliar Rahman","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i6.10","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i6.10","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Nicotine exposure causes cellular damage by generating reactive oxygen species, leading to inflammation. DNA damage, and diseases such as atherosclerosis. Single-clove garlic extract (SCGE) contains antioxidants such as allicin and flavonoids that may counteract nicotine's harmful effects by reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines, suggesting SCGE's potential as a natural therapeutic intervention to support good health.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the effects of SCGE against nicotine-induced pneumotoxicity in rats by assessing its impact on TNF-α, interleukin 6 (IL-6), and structural integrity tracheal, pulmonary, and coronary artery tissues.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The subjects of this study were 30 male rats which were divided into the following 5 treatment groups: T1 (negative control), T2 (3 mg/ml of nicotine), and T3 (3 mg/ml of nicotine and 3.6 mg/day vitamin C), T4; T5; T6 groups (3 mg/ml nicotine and 75; 100; 125 kg/mg body weight of SCGE). A nicotine exposure followed by oral SCGE was administered twice a day consecutively for 14 days. The TNF-α and IL-6 expression was evaluated using immunohistochemical staining. Histopathology of the tracheal and pulmonary organs and coronary arteries was performed using H&E staining.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The T4, T5, and T6 groups revealed that TNF-α and IL-6 levels were significantly lower than in T2 (2.90 and 4.72), reducing ciliary damage, epithelial height, and mucosal thickness. The T6 group exhibited significant differences in the coronary arteries (14.97 µm) compared with the T2 (121.36 µm). The mean lumen diameter of the coronary artery of the T4, T5, and T6 groups was increased compared with T2 (49.71 µm). Significant decreases (42,65%) were observed in hemorrhage, alveolar septal thickening, and inflammatory cell infiltration in the T6 compared to T2.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In conclusion, SCGE treatment can potentially mitigate pneumotoxicity caused by nicotine, as evidenced by improvements in TNF-α, IL-6, and histopathological damage of the tracheal, pulmonary, and coronary arteries. These findings suggest that SCGE could be explored as a potential natural therapeutic intervention for preventing or treating nicotine-induced lung damage. These findings suggest that SCGE could be explored as a potential natural therapeutic intervention to prevent or treat nicotine-induced lung damage. Further studies could explore the mechanisms underlying SCGE's anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 6","pages":"2374-2385"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12451127/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145131475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of heat treatment of canola seed and its meal on nutrients degradability, ruminal fermentation, and ruminal biohydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids using rumen simulation technique (Rusitec).","authors":"Mohammed Sami Aleid, Sherief M Abdel-Raheem, Mohsen M Farghaly, Ibrahim M I Youssef, Hayam M A Monzaly, Alhosein Hamada, Saad Shousha, Waleed K Abouamra","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i6.54","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i6.54","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>One possible method to improve ruminant nutrient utilization is heat treatment of feed ingredients, such as canola seed and its meal, to reduce ruminal degradation of proteins and unsaturated fatty acids (FA).</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The study evaluates the impact of heat treatment of canola seed and its meal on nutrient degradation, ruminal biohydrogenation of unsaturated FA, and rumen liquor parameters.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Four degradability trials were conducted using the rumen simulation technique (Rusitec) with four vessels. Untreated whole canola seeds, heated whole canola seeds, untreated canola meal, and heated canola meal at 127°C for 15 minutes were used as four treatments in four separate trials.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Heat treatment of whole canola seed and its meal decreased the rumen degradability of most nutrients, especially crude protein and crude fat, and reduced the rumen ammonia concentration. Moreover, the heat treatment of whole canola seed decreased the rumen biohydrogenation of mono unsaturated FA, polyunsaturated FA, and total long-chain FA contents. Heat-treated canola seed and meal had an increase in the total volatile FA content (especially acetate, propionate, and iso-valerate) of the rumen fluid when compared to the untreated groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>From the obtained results, it could be concluded that the heat treatment of whole canola seed and its meal was effective in protecting the dietary crude protein from rumen degradation, and also the unsaturated FA from ruminal biohydrogenation. Heat treatment increases the rumen bypass of both amino acids and unsaturated FA from canola seeds and meals, which are essential in improving the productive performance of ruminants.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 6","pages":"2849-2860"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12451180/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145131483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Honey and royal jelly boost sperm parameters, ovarian follicles growth, and steroid hormones in immature rats.","authors":"Dilshad M Atta, Rukhosh J Rashed, Snur M A Hassan","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i6.29","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i6.29","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Traditional medicine experts frequently recommend honey and royal jelly (RJ) as a supplemental diet to cure infertility and increase reproductivity.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The goal of the study was to investigate the effects of honey and RJ on testis and ovary performance in relation to hormone levels, sperm parameters, and ovarian follicles.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Forty-two immature Albino Sprague-Dawley male and female rats were used and allocated into seven groups: group 1 (Control negative), the rat was on a normal diet; groups 2, 3, and 4, the animals were fed on honey 2.5, 5, and 10 g/kg/bw; and groups 5, 6, and 7, the rats were fed on RJ 2.5, 5, and 10 g/kg/bw. After 4 weeks of the experiment, the blood was taken by heart puncture for hormonal and antioxidant assay by Cobas pack and ELISA utilization, respectively, the semen was taken manually from the epididymis for detecting sperm morphology and viability, and the testis and ovary were processed for H&E staining and histomorphometric parameters by (Am Scope^TM) analyzer.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Honey and RJ improved the level of male and female hormones significantly (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.5), additionally, boosted the number, morphology, and normal viable sperm, and increased the number of ovarian follicles, particularly mature follicles and corpora luteal significantly (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.5) versus the control negative group. The higher dose of honey and RJ improved the weight and histology of the testis and ovary with increased diameters significantly (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.5) versus the control negative group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>According to this study, honey and RJ may be a novel additional supplement that could improve reproductive performance and be a successful future treatment for reproductive abnormalities.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 6","pages":"2573-2585"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12451142/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145131573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic variation in the bovine heat shock protein gene in Indonesian Bali cattle (<i>Bos javanicus</i>): A marker candidate for heat stress tolerance trait.","authors":"Ratih Dewi Hapsari, Tristianto Nugroho, Galih Pambuko, Luthfi Adya Pradista, Joko Riyanto, Nuzul Widyas, Sigit Prastowo","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i6.55","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i6.55","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Heat stress has a significant impact on cattle performance, particularly in hot-humid climates like tropical regions. Bali cattle (<i>Bos javanicus</i>), an indigenous Indonesian breed, are widely known for their ability to adapt to and withstand heat stress. The heat shock protein (HSP) gene family is responsible for heat stress adaptation, and genetic diversity is linked to the ability of animals to cope with heat stress.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>The purpose of this study was to investigate the genetic variation of potential HSP gene candidates in Bali cattle by scanning single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and comparing them to the available cattle genetic reference database.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The research was divided into two experimental phases. The first step is to identify potential HSP gene candidates <i>in silico</i>. The selected genes were then mapped to the <i>B. javanicus</i> sequence (year 2023 version) to generate primers that were used to amplify all exons for SNP scanning. In the second experiment, a pool of DNA samples was amplified using a custom-designed primer, followed by sequencing and polymorphism analysis. The SNP variation was identified by comparing the nucleotide sequences with the existing <i>Bos taurus</i> and <i>Bos indicus</i> databases at the National Center for Biotechnology Information, which serve as genetic references. Genetic variations were then grouped, classified, and analyzed based on the type of nucleotide mutation and amino acid type.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results revealed that among the HSP genes in <i>B. javanicus</i>, HSP90AB1 had the highest similarity to those in other breeds: 99.05% similarity with <i>B. taurus</i> and 99.05% with <i>B. indicus</i>. In total, 127 SNPs of the HSP90AB1 gene were identified across exons 2 to 6 of the Bali cattle and have the potential to affect protein function and expression related to cattle traits.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>HSP90AB1 can be a candidate gene for thermotolerance trait selection in Bali cattle but needs further study to be used as a selection marker.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 6","pages":"2861-2874"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12451129/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145131580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular detection of canine parainfluenza virus-5 in dogs in Baghdad province, Iraq.","authors":"Lina Saheed Waheed, Mawlood Abbas Al-Graibawi","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i6.13","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i6.13","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aimed to detect canine parainfluenza virus-5 (CPIV-5) in dogs in Baghdad city, using reverse transcriptase-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and conventional nested (RT-nPCR) techniques, along with phylogenetic analysis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Nasal swabs were obtained from 150 dogs, (100 sick dogs showing respiratory distress and 50 apparently healthy dogs), from January 2023 to April 2024.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CPIV-5 was detected by RT-qPCR in 51 out of 100 sick dogs (51%) and 17 out of 50 apparently healthy dogs (34%). All positive RT-qPCR samples were rechecked by RT-nPCR. Ten final RT-nPCR products were sequenced, and the data were deposited in NCBI Gene Bank. These samples were categorized as CPIV-5 based on nucleocapsid protein gene analysis. The phylogenetic analysis based on amino acids revealed that local strains were distinct, with the first cluster sharing identity and similarity scores with international isolates, while the second cluster differed significantly from international isolates and could be Iraqi strains.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study concluded for the first time on the presence of CPIV-5 in both sick and apparently healthy dogs. The latter could act as reservoirs of the virus, contributing to the transmission of the disease to susceptible dogs, ultimately leading to increased morbidity.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 6","pages":"2408-2415"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12451181/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145131651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}