Open Veterinary Journal最新文献

{"title":"Application of real-time PCR for analysis canine meat (<i>Canis lupus familiaris</i>) in goat's satay for halal authentication study.","authors":"Lily Arsanti Lestari, Wan Nurul Aini, Marlyn Dian Laksitorini, Yuny Erwanto, Agustina Ari Murti Budi Hastuti, Mohammad Zainal Abidin, Nurulia Hidayah, Muhammad Jefriyanto Budikafa, Abdul Rohman","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v15.i1.41","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v15.i1.41","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Canine meat (CM) is one of the non-halal meats prohibited for consumption by the Muslim community. Due to its low prices compared with beef, CM is typically used as meat adulterants in halal food-based products such as Satay and meatballs to get economic profits.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The objective of this study was to design a novel species-specific primer in combination with real-time polymerase chain reaction for analysis of Canine's DNA for halal authentication analysis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A Primer targeting the D-loop region of mitochondrial DNA was designed and subjected to a validation procedure by assessing some performance characteristics including specificity, amplification efficiency (E), sensitivity, repeatability, and linearity describing the correlation between the concentration of Canine's DNA (<i>x</i>-axis) and quantification cycle (Cq) in <i>y</i>-axis. The designed primer was specific over other meat DNAs applying the annealing temperature (Tm) of 57.8°C.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) method produced an acceptable amplification efficiency (E) of 109.7% with the coefficient of determination (<i>R</i> ²) for the correlation between Cq and log DNA concentration of 0.999. The sensitivity of the developed method provides a limit of detection (LoD) value of 31.25 pg/µl. The precision of the analytical method is acceptable with a relative standard deviation value of 2%. The method with the designed D-loop primer was successfully applied for the detection and quantification of Canine's DNA in food products. There are no amplification profiles for Canine DNA in marketed goat's satay products.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>RT-PCR combined with a novel primer targeting D-loop provides a specific and accurate analytical tool for the identification of CM for halal authentication studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"456-464"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11910273/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143649637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bovine spongiform encephalopathy: A review of current knowledge and challenges.","authors":"Tita Damayanti Lestari, Aswin Rafif Khairullah, Suzanita Utama, Sri Mulyati, Tatik Hernawati, Ratna Damayanti, Rimayanti Rimayanti, Bantari Wisynu Kusuma Wardhani, Kartika Afrida Fauzia, Ikechukwu Benjamin Moses, Riza Zainuddin Ahmad, Syahputra Wibowo, Ima Fauziah, Dea Anita Ariani Kurniasih, Zein Ahmad Baihaqi, Wasito Wasito, Muhammad Khaliim Jati Kusala, Ertika Fitri Lisnanti","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v15.i1.5","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v15.i1.5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), also referred to as mad cow disease, is a chronic degenerative disease that affects the central nervous system. BSE is caused by a misfolded isoform of the prion protein, a widely expressed glycoprotein. The illness is referred to as Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) in humans. In the United Kingdom (UK), BSE in cattle was first discovered in 1986. Based on epidemiological data, it appears that animal feed containing tainted meat and bone meal (MBM) as a source of meat protein is the common cause of the BSE outbreak in the UK. Clinical indicators in cows include irregular body posture, incoordination, difficulty in standing, weight loss, and temperamental changes, including agitation and hostility. Feeding livestock MBM obtained from BSE-infected livestock contaminated with BSE prions is the only known risk factor for BSE development. Strong evidence linking BSE to human transmission and a variant type of CJD has brought the disease to the attention of many countries. Screening living animals for BSE is challenging. In most cases, suspected animals are usually killed. Typically, the central nervous system is examined for prions to diagnose this illness. There is currently no robust treatment for BSE. The prevention of BSE can be achieved by avoiding the feeding of susceptible animals with ruminant tissues that might carry prions.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"54-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11910271/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143649638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of factors affecting the physiological levels of copper and iron in sheep and cattle in some areas of Diyala Governorate, Iraq.","authors":"Al-Zubaidi Raad Mahmood Hussein, Marah Salim Hameed, Waleed Ibrahim Jalil, Ali Ibrahim Ali Al-Ezzy","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v15.i1.24","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v15.i1.24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Trace minerals are important components of many physiological functions, including growth, development, and the immune response.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate copper and iron status in sheep and cattle in some areas of Diyala governorate, Iraq.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>One hundred blood samples were collected, 50 from sheep and 50 from cattle in order to measure the levels of copper and iron in the serum.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In sheep, the serum level of copper significantly increased among females compared to males, while among cattle, the serum level of copper significantly decreased in females compared with males. The level of iron showed a significant increase in females compared with males. Serum levels of copper were increased with the age of more than 1 year accordingly compared with sheep at the first year of life or less than a year. Among cattle, age plays no significant role in the level of copper. The levels of copper and iron were significantly increased among pregnant ewes compared with non-pregnant. The levels of copper were significantly increased in lambing compared with pregnant and non-pregnant ewes in the value of copper. The level of iron was significantly decreased in lambing sheep compared with pregnant and non-pregnant sheep. The levels of copper and iron showed no significant changes between pregnant and non-pregnant cows. Sheep from Abu Saida showed significant increase in serum levels of copper and iron compared with those from Baqubah and Saadia cities. Cows with good body scores have a significant increase in serum levels of copper and iron compared with those with medium and poor body scores. There was no linear correlation between iron and copper levels in serum and the studied parameters for cows and sheep.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The levels of copper and iron in the body of sheep and cattle are affected by age, gender, pregnancy, and soil composition.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"261-269"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11910289/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143649875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First molecular detection of <i>Eimeria</i> spp. in domestic goats from Java Island, Indonesia.","authors":"Dias Aprita Dewi, Yudhi Ratna Nugraheni, Aan Awaludin, Vika Ichsania Ninditya, Dwi Priyowidodo, Raden Wisnu Nurcahyo, Fitrine Ekawasti, Joko Prastowo","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v15.i1.13","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v15.i1.13","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Coccidiosis caused by <i>Eimeria</i> species (spp.) is a significant global health concern in goats leading to gastrointestinal illness. This condition causes clinical manifestations, including weight loss and diarrhea, resulting in worldwide economic losses. Subclinical symptoms can manifest during <i>Eimeria</i> infection. Neglecting this disease can lead to severe morbidity and mortality. Therefore, addressing caprine coccidiosis is imperative.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to determine the prevalence and molecular identification related to the natural infection of <i>Eimeria</i> spp. in domestic goats originating from Java Island, Indonesia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In total, fecal samples from 289 domestic goats were obtained across five provinces on Java Island, Indonesia: East Java, Central Java, D. I. Yogyakarta, West Java, and Banten. Morphological examinations were performed using the modified Whitlock method and saturated sugar flotation. Molecular assays targeting the 18S ribosomal ribonucleic acid have been employed for spp.-specific confirmation. Statistical analysis was performed using the Wilson binomial proportion and chi-square methods implemented in the online software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 92.7% (268/289) of fecal samples tested positive for <i>Eimeria</i> spp. Phylogenetic tree analysis demonstrated that <i>Eimeria christenseni</i> and <i>Eimeria arloingi</i> closely resembled the reference sequences from China, Australia, and other countries.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study identified <i>E. christenseni</i> and <i>E. arloingi</i> as the goat-infecting spp. of <i>Eimeria</i> present on Java Island. The specific and accurate molecular identification conducted in this study will contribute to improved coccidiosis control and the development of effectiveness.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"139-150"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11910282/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143649878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hospital-acquired catheter-associated urinary tract infections in critical care unit dogs with high rates of multidrug-resistant organisms.","authors":"Pojchanicha Aponrat, Osathee Detkalaya, Naruemon Phlongtong, Natnicha Eksatit, Suppada Kananub, Sarawan Kaewmongkol, Gunn Kaewmongkol","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v15.i1.32","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v15.i1.32","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Urethral catheterization in the critical care unit often compromises the urinary tract's defense mechanisms of canine patients and potentially leads to hospital-acquired systemic infection. Clinical signs of hospital-acquired catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) are frequently absent in critical dogs.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between urinalysis results and CAUTIs in critical care unit dogs and assess the impact of prior antibiotic treatment for underlying diseases and antibiotic-resistant bacteria.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-eight dogs underwent urethral catheterization in the critical care unit of Kasetsart University Veterinary Teaching Hospital. Bacterial cultures and drug sensitivity tests were performed immediately after catheter placement (day 0), 3, and 7 and before removal. A positive urine culture was defined as ≥10⁴ CFU/ml. Urinalysis parameters included urine pH, urinary specific gravity, proteinuria, bacteriuria, pyuria, and hematuria. Only dogs with culture-negative results on day 0 were included. Data were analyzed using GraphPad Prism version 10.0.2. A Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to assess the probability of being free from CAUTIs over time.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No significant association was observed between urine cultures and urinalysis parameters, catheterization duration, breed, sex, neutering status, or age. Dogs pretreated with antibiotics exhibited CAUTI-free periods longer than previously reported. The Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that CAUTI-free probabilities were 92.8% at 3 days, declining to 60.7% by 7 days and 53.6% at 10 days. Alarmingly, 80% of the isolates (12/15) were multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO) resistant to ≥3 antimicrobials. A high incidence of hospital-acquired CAUTIs was detected in 13 of 28 cases (46.4%). The dogs with CAUTIs stayed longer in the hospital than dogs without CAUTIs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A routine urinalysis is unreliable for predicting hospital-acquired CAUTIs. The high rate of MDRO among critical care dogs underscores the urgent need for judicious antibiotic use and the need for enhanced diagnostic methods in critical care settings. This study proposes that serial bacterial cultures combined with modified urine sediment examinations can better manage CAUTI detection and reduce the growth of MDROs in veterinary practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"339-347"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11910284/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143649883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tissue integrity and healing response in hypoestrogenic animal model treated by mesh implantation with addition of mesenchymal stem cell secretome.","authors":"Tri Isyani Tungga Dewi, Deni Noviana, Bambang Pontjo Priosoeryanto, Gunanti Gunanti, Mawar Subangkit","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v15.i1.15","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v15.i1.15","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pelvic organ prolapse increases in prevalence and incidence in older women and hypoestrogenic conditions. Treatment with native tissue surgery has a fairly high recurrence rate. Mesh-augmented surgery is one of the most promising treatments for pelvic organ prolapse, with high effectiveness and low recurrence. Mesh-augmented surgery has a side effect of tissue erosion. The addition of secretome is expected to improve tissue integrity and reduce tissue erosion.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the effect of adding the umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (UC-MSC) secretome on preventing tissue inflammatory responses, improving tissue integrity, and accelerating wound healing.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 32 female New Zealand white rabbit hypoestrogenic models were divided into two groups: the control group with normal mesh and the secretome group with artificial mesh. Hypoestrogenic models were created using the bilateral ovariectomy method. Mesh implantation was performed using a surgical method on hypoestrogenic rabbits. The animals were euthanized on days 7, 14, 28, and 90 after mesh implantation. Histopathology parameters included angiogenesis formation, fibroblast number, and collagen deposition area.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>The results of this study showed that the number of angiogenesis, fibroblast, and collagen deposition data in the secretome group showed higher significantly <i>(p</i> < 0.05) than those in the control group on days 7, 14, 28, and 90 post mesh implantation. The formation of new blood vessels (angiogenesis) in the secretome group demonstrated a mean value of 9.81 ± 2.2 compared to 0.37 ± 0.03 in the control. The number of fibroblasts in the secretome group averaged 151.00 ± 8.14, in contrast to 34.00 ± 13.37 in the control group. Collagen formation in the secretome group was also higher, with a mean value of 80.02 ± 6.71 compared to 59.49 ± 4.61 in the control group over 90 days of observation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The administration of secretomes from UC-MSC improved tissue integrity and accelerated wound healing.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"162-170"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11910305/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143649717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of multidrug-resistant <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> isolated from duck cloacal swab in Jombang, Indonesia.","authors":"Naomi Lan Noviana Thesia, Aswin Rafif Khairullah, Mustofa Helmi Effendi, Wiwiek Tyasningsih, Yulianna Puspitasari, Susmitha Nur Ahadini, Ikechukwu Benjamin Moses, Sheila Marty Yanestria, Katty Hendriana Priscilia Riwu, Wasito Wasito, Zein Ahmad Baihaqi, Riza Zainuddin Ahmad","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v15.i1.28","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v15.i1.28","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> bacteria is one of the pathogens that are often found in poultry and can cause various diseases in animals and humans. Currently, there are many reports of increasing multidrug resistance (MDR) <i>K. pneumoniae</i> showing including carbapenems, extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL), and fluoroquinolones.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The purpose of this study was to determine the antibiotic resistance pattern and the presence of multidrug resistance <i>K. pneumoniae</i> isolates isolated from duck cloacal swabs taken from duck farms in three different sub-districts, namely Paras sub-district, Karang Turi sub-district, and Tembelang sub-district, Jombang district.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study used 180 duck cloaca swab samples and analyzed for the presence of <i>K. pneumoniae</i> using standard microbiology techniques. Positive isolates of <i>K. pneumoniae</i> were then tested for antibiotic resistance using the disk diffusion test method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study showed that 21 (100%) isolates were resistant to antibiotics and 16 (76.19%) isolates were MDR.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The presence of bacteria that are resistant to many types of antibiotics is a threat to public and animal health.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"300-306"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11910295/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143649807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frozen semen quality of Pasundan bulls with different individual variations.","authors":"Abdullah Baharun, Pirda Parida Permadani Pertiwi, Annisa Rahmi, Natashya Chandra Rachmadanti, Ristika Handarini, Hikmayani Iskandar, Daud Samsudewa, Tulus Maulana, Syahruddin Said, Imam Darussalam, Nurcholis Nurcholis, Raden Iis Arifiantini","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v15.i1.22","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v15.i1.22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pasundan bulls are one of Indonesia's indigenous cattle breeds. The quality of frozen semen is essential for the success of artificial insemination (AI), as individual variations in parameters such as sperm motility, viability, and membrane integrity greatly influence reproductive outcomes.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality of frozen semen from Pasundan bulls with different individual variations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Frozen semen from eight Pasundan bulls was obtained from the West Java Regional Artificial Insemination Center. Sperm motility was assessed using computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA; SpermVision®, Germany). Sperm viability and abnormalities were determined by eosin-nigrosine staining. Plasma membrane integrity was evaluated using the hypoosmotic swelling test, acrosome integrity was assessed using fluorescein isothiocyanate-propidium iodide, and protamine deficiency was measured using chromomycin A3 fluorescence staining.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant individual variations (<i>p</i> < 0.05) were found across all parameters of frozen semen quality, except for sperm abnormalities, which showed no significant differences (<i>p</i> > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results showed that individual variations significantly influence all quality parameters of frozen semen from Pasundan bulls, except for sperm abnormalities. Therefore, a thorough assessment of each bull is crucial to ensure the production of quality frozen semen.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"244-251"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11910274/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143649880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Newcastle disease virus vaccines and genetic variations on interleukin-4 activation in broiler chicken.","authors":"Rand Jaleel Edan, Rawaa Saladdin Jumaa","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v15.i1.34","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v15.i1.34","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Newcastle disease virus is a virus that causes a significant economic impact on the poultry industry and is primarily controlled through vaccination. Most of the vaccinations with the LaSota strain are either live attenuated or inactivated vaccines, both of which are from the Lentogenic pathotype.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the influence of vaccine type and genetic variations on Chicken Interleukin-4 (ChIL4) activation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Three groups were examined: Group K received the killed vaccine, Group L received the live vaccine, and Group C served as the control. Blood samples were collected on days 15, 25, and 35 post-vaccinations to assess ChIL4 levels using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay and for molecular analysis using polymerase chain reaction.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Group K showed a gradual increase in ChIL4 levels from 11.19 ± 0.17 to 13.70 ± 0.38, while Group L exhibited an initial increase on day 15 followed by stabilization on days 25 and 35. In contrast, ChIL4 levels in Group C declined over time from 4.84 ± 0.39 to 4.32 ± 0.25. Molecular analysis revealed four genetic variations of the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) type at locations (3044, 3132, 3261, 3499) bp, with the third SNP at location (3261 bp) resulting in an amino acid change from valine to isoleucine. Analysis indicated that variants for most of these SNPs occur more likely in Group K compared to the other two groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest that genetic variations, particularly SNPs, may play a significant role in ChIL4 activation, potentially impacting vaccine efficacy and immune response.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"388-394"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11910270/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143649111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular identification of tetracycline resistance genes in <i>Escherichia coli</i> isolates from internal organs of swine sold on Abakaliki, Nigeria.","authors":"Emmanuel Nnabuike Ugbo, Mustofa Helmi Effendi, Agatha Ifunanya Ugbo, Wiwiek Tyasningsih, Bernard Nnabuife Agumah, Hartanto Mulyo Raharjo, Aswin Rafif Khairullah, Rebecca Chinenye Ogba, Fitrine Ekawasti, Sheila Marty Yanestria, Ikechukwu Benjamin Moses, Katty Hendriana Priscilia Riwu","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v15.i1.16","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v15.i1.16","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Swine is one of the major sources of protein to humans worldwide; antimicrobial-resistant <i>Escherichia coli</i> has become a global public health challenge affecting both humans and livestock due to the presence of tetracycline resistance genes.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study focused on molecular identification of tetracycline resistance genes (<i>tet</i> A and B) in <i>E. coli</i> isolates from internal organs of swine sold in a slaughterhouse at Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 75 internal organs of swine samples were collected from slaughterhouses. Standard microbiological procedures were employed to evaluate the samples bacteriologically. Using the disk diffusion method, antibiotic susceptibility testing was conducted on <i>E. coli</i> against specific classes of antibiotics, and the multiple antibiotic resistance index was calculated. The polymerase chain reaction was utilized for the molecular identification of the tetracycline resistance genes, specifically <i>tet</i> A and B.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of the 75 samples analyzed, 24 of 75 were positive for <i>E. coli</i> with an overall prevalence of 24/75 (32.0%). The small intestine and colon had higher percentages of <i>E. coli</i> isolates 6/15 (40.0%). However, <i>E. coli</i> isolates were resistant to erythromycin, tetracycline, and ampicillin which ranged from 20.0% to 75.0%, and susceptible to gentamycin and ciprofloxacin at a range of 75.0%-100.0%. Exactly, 8 (33.3%) isolates were both multidrug and tetracycline-resistant. The presence of <i>tet</i> A 6/8 (75.0%), <i>tet</i> B 5/8 (62.5%), and <i>tet</i> A and B 4/8 (50.0%) was reported.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Multidrug and tetracycline resistance genes have been observed in <i>E. coli</i> isolated from internal organs of swine and are of public health concern.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"171-178"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11910291/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143649524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}