Open Veterinary Journal最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of seroprevalence and risk factors for Q fever (<i>Coxiella burnetii</i>) infection in sheep from Tiaret province, northwestern Algeria.","authors":"Imen Safer, Fatima Mahouz, Mohamed Amine Ayad, Houari Hemida, Saad Aissat, Amine Abdelli, George Cosmin Nadăş, Sofiane Derrar","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i5.51","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i5.51","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Coxiella burnetii</i> causes Q fever and represents a globally important zoonotic disease affecting both humans and animals. In ruminants, particularly sheep, the infection is often subclinical but can lead to reproductive losses, including abortion, stillbirth, weak lambs, and reduced fertility, with significant economic impact. In humans, <i>C. burnetii</i> causes acute febrile illness, pneumonia, or hepatitis and may progress to endocarditis. Despite its public and veterinary health relevance, information on the epidemiology and distribution of Q fever in Algeria remains limited, especially in major sheep-producing areas such as Tiaret Province.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of <i>C. burnetii</i> infection in sheep from Tiaret Province, northwestern Algeria, and to identify key animal-level factors associated with seropositivity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted between December 2023 and July 2024. A total of 184 serum samples collected from sheep of different ages, genders, herd sizes, and management systems were tested for anti-<i>C. burnetii</i> antibodies using a commercial indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (IDVet^®, France). Doubtful samples were excluded from the statistical analysis. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the relationship between seropositivity and selected explanatory variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The obtained results reveal a seroprevalence of 37.50% at the animal level. Univariate analysis indicated that seropositivity was significantly associated with age, herd size, herd composition, and farm type. Multivariable analysis confirmed that sheep aged ≥4 years (odds ratio (OR) = 4.16; <i>p</i> = 0.02) and herds containing >250 animals (OR = 37.47; <i>p</i> < 0.001) were at significantly higher risk of infection.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong><i>Coxiella burnetii</i> infection is endemic among sheep in Tiaret Province. The identification of age and herd size as major risk factors underscores the need for improved reproductive management, enhanced biosecurity practices, and targeted surveillance measures. Integrating these practices within a One Health framework is essential for reducing disease transmission, protecting public health, and mitigating economic losses in Algerian sheep production systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"16 5","pages":"3094-3103"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13314360/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148353063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endocrine diseases in Brazilian small-animal hospitals and referral caseloads: A systematic review and meta-analysis of proportions.","authors":"Marina Louza Palmeira de Carvalho, Douglas Segalla Caragelasco, Gabriela Nunes Marsiglio Librais, Alessandra Martins Vargas","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i5.2","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i5.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Endocrinopathies are common chronic disorders in small-animal practice, and accurate estimation depends on standardized diagnostic criteria and denominator-defined populations. Brazilian epidemiological evidence is mostly drawn from hospital and referral settings, resulting in fragmented coverage, limited generalizability, and marked heterogeneity between studies. Conversely, VetCompass in the United Kingdom integrates standardized primary-care electronic records and supports denominator-based population inference. Searches were updated in January 2026 and covered PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, VETINDEX, LILACS (via BVS-Vet), SciELO, and gray literature (2005-2025). A total of 2,501 records were identified, of which 13 met the eligibility criteria. Two reviewers independently screened the studies, extracted the data, and appraised the methodological quality using the JBI checklist. Random-effects meta-analyses of proportions were undertaken where appropriate, with heterogeneity quantified using <i>I</i>². When quantitative synthesis was not appropriate, results were synthesized narratively. In Brazilian dogs, reported frequencies varied widely across studies and were strongly setting-dependent, consistent with referral and selection effects. Estimates across outcomes ranged from low frequencies in broad hospital caseloads to substantially higher proportions in specialized endocrinology referral cohorts (e.g., diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, and hypercortisolism). Hyperparathyroidism was consistently rare (0.01%-0.07%). Hypoadrenocorticism was uncommon (0.09% in a multicenter cohort). In cats, the frequency of hyperthyroidism also varied substantially by setting. Evidence on diabetes mellitus was limited to a single endocrinology referral cohort, reflecting a selected population. Therefore, Brazilian results are reported as study-specific frequencies. Where pooled, these estimates should be interpreted strictly as setting-specific pooled proportions from Brazilian hospitals and referral caseloads, not as population prevalence. VetCompass estimates are used as a primary-care benchmark to contextualize Brazilian hospital-based frequencies and illustrate setting effects (primary versus tertiary care) and not to infer true between-country differences in population prevalence. As a primary-care benchmark, UK studies report canine hypercortisolism at 0.28% (95% confidence intervals: 0.25-0.31), hypothyroidism at 0.23%, and diabetes mellitus at ~0.34%. The prevalence of feline hyperthyroidism is 2.4% overall and 8.7% among cats aged ≥10 years. Overall, the Brazilian evidence base largely reflects tertiary-care caseloads, and most studies were at high risk of bias. This reinforces the need for multicenter primary-care surveillance in Brazil supported by harmonized diagnostic criteria and interoperable electronic records.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"16 5","pages":"2581-2600"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13314148/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148353072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of <i>Boswellia serrata</i> and <i>Trigonella foenum-graecum</i> seed extracts on wound healing of partial pancreatectomy-induced diabetic rat.","authors":"Saddam Khalid Hummadi","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i5.54","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i5.54","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The treatment of wounds associated with diabetes is among the common issues encountered in veterinary healthcare.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This research endeavor sought to prepare and evaluate the impact of the composition of <i>Boswellia serrata</i> extract (BSE) and <i>Trigonella foenum-graecum</i> seed extract (TFGE) on the healing of induced diabetic wounds in rats.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-two clinically healthy adult male rats, aged 6-8 months and weighing 280 ± 20 g, were used in this study. After partial pancreatectomy, 2 equal groups (<i>n</i> = 16) were randomly selected among the 32 experimental animals and exposed to a full-thickness excisional wound. Group Ι, represented control, was treated with the topical application of penicillin-streptomycin antibiotic, and group II was treated with ointment prepared from 20% BSE and 10% TFGE. Each group was treated daily for 21 days.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Macroscopic analysis exhibited significant superiority (<i>p</i> < 0.05) of wounds in the treated group compared to the control group at the 7th, 14th, and 21st day. The histopathological findings of the treated group (GII) revealed accelerated revascularization, modulation of inflammatory response, enhancement of collagen fiber formation and maturation, regeneration of epidermal tissue, and hair follicles with improved reepithelialization. Gene expression values showed significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05) upregulation of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Transforming Growth Factor beta 1 and downregulation of tumor necrosis factor-α on days 3, 7, 14, and 21 post-wound treatment, in contrast to the wounds of the control group (GI).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Topical application of the <i>Boswellia serrata</i> and <i>T. foenum-graecum</i> seed extracts substantially enhanced excisional wound healing in diabetic animals.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"16 5","pages":"3130-3143"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13313826/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148353167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of nano-encapsulated black seed and thyme oils on intestinal barrier and digestive enzymes in freshly weaned lambs.","authors":"Ansam Hussein Ali, Heba Ali Salih, Ruqaya Imad Abdulwahhab, Mustafa Moaied Rabeaa, Muzahim Alkabban","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i5.25","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i5.25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Weaning is a critical and stressful phase in the early life of lambs, often causing reduced feed intake, impaired gut integrity, and increased susceptibility to gastrointestinal diseases. Therefore, maintaining intestinal barrier function and digestive capacity is essential for supporting healthy growth and reducing post-weaning challenges.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study examined how the intestinal barrier integrity and digestive enzyme activity of newly weaned lambs were affected by nano-encapsulated black seed (<i>Nigella sativa</i>) and thyme (<i>Thymus vulgaris</i>) oils.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Four treatment groups (<i>n</i> = 16) were randomly assigned to 64 Awassi lambs (45 days old, 12.5 ± 1.2 kg body weight): Control (C), Nano-encapsulated black seed oil (NBS), Nano-encapsulated thyme oil (NTO), and combination (NBS + NTO). For 56 days after weaning, 200 mg/kg of nano-encapsulated oils were added to the feed. Western blotting and immunofluorescence were used to examine the presence of tight junction proteins [claudin-1, occludin, and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1] in intestinal tissue samples. Serum and duodenal contents were used to test the activity of pancreatic enzymes (amylase, lipase, and protease).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After being weaned, 64 Awassi lambs were divided into four groups (<i>n</i> = 16): control, nano-encapsulated black seed oil, nano-encapsulated thyme oil, and their combination. ZO-1 (3.1-fold), occludin (2.5-fold), and claudin-1 (2.8-fold) were all significantly more expressed in the combination group than in the control group (<i>p</i> < 0.001). There was also a significant increase in lipase (178 ± 19 <i>vs.</i> 98 ± 11 U/l), protease (892 ± 78 <i>vs.</i> 512 ± 56 U/mg protein), and amylase (485 ± 42 <i>vs.</i> 289 ± 31 U/l). The average daily gain increased by 24% (285 ± 28 <i>vs.</i> 230 ± 24 g/day; <i>p</i> < 0.01), and intestinal permeability decreased by 58% (lactulose/mannitol ratio: 0.18 ± 0.02 <i>vs.</i> 0.43 ± 0.05; <i>p</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The combination treatment increased tight junction proteins (2.5-3.1-fold), enhanced enzyme activities (68%-82%), reduced intestinal permeability by 58%, and improved feed efficiency and growth performance. Nano-encapsulated black seed and thyme oils synergistically enhance intestinal integrity, digestive enzyme activity, and growth performance in weaned lambs.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"16 5","pages":"2831-2838"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13313926/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148352933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of giardiasis on iron, hepcidin, and gut microbiota metabolites in young rats: Evidence for systemic inflammation and malabsorptive metabolic reprogramming.","authors":"Zahraa Fadhil Abbas, Osama Hadi Al-Obaidy, Monyer Abdulameir Abd Alfatlawi","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i5.52","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i5.52","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Giardiasis is one of the most common intestinal parasites affecting young mammals, birds, and humans. Giardiasis is also frequently associated with the malabsorption of nutrients, particularly iron. However, the effects of <i>Giardia lamblia</i> on iron metabolism and overall inflammation in the host have not been fully understood.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to investigate giardiasis in experimentally infected young rats and its impact on the systemic response of the host following the parasite clearance from the intestine. More specifically, this study focuses on the body's iron regulation, the response of the protein hepcidin, and the body's metabolites.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 36 weaned, young male Wistar rats were assigned to one of the following three groups: uninfected control, infected with <i>G. lamblia</i> in the acute phase (day 7), and post-infected phase (day 21). All rats in the infected groups received 1 × 10⁶ <i>G. lamblia</i> trophozoites by oral gavage. Biochemical parameters of interest in the blood and serum of all rats were determined. These were iron, total iron binding capacity, transferrin saturation (TSAT), ferritin, hepcidin, erythropoietin (EPO), C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α, albumin, and prealbumin. The metabolites of interest were kynurenine, citrulline, trimethylamine oxide (TMAO), lactate, succinate, and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). The metabolites were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The infected groups had significantly lower serum iron, TSAT, albumin, and citrulline (<i>p</i> < 0.01). Levels of ferritin and hepcidin decreased significantly post-infection (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and were associated with increased IL-6 and CRP levels. The metabolites kynurenine and TMAO were significantly increased, whereas the SCFAs (especially butyrate and acetate) were significantly lower. These results suggest an imbalance in the gut microbiota and metabolic reprogramming. A drop in EPO levels was also observed, which, together with the lower levels of Mean corpuscular volume and Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin, indicates that the host was in the early stages of anemia.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Infection with <i>G. lamblia</i> in younger rats causes systemic inflammation, and the iron in the body is sequestered. Significant disruption of the host's microflora and the metabolites derived from the host and the microbes is also observed. These findings support the role of post-infectious metabolic dysregulation in giardiasis and the risk of damage restricted to the intestinal tract alone.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"16 5","pages":"3104-3120"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13314328/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148353005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mobile-based deep learning approach for the early diagnosis of canine skin and eye diseases using mobileNetV2.","authors":"Ayesha Taranum, Chandana M Rao, Farhana Kausar, Ambika Padinjareveedu Raghavan","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i5.20","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i5.20","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Canine skin and eye diseases are common and can lead to serious health complications if not detected early. Limited access to veterinary care in remote areas further delays diagnosis and treatment.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aims to develop a mobile-based deep learning approach for the early diagnosis of canine skin and eye diseases using the MobileNetV2 architecture.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A dataset comprising images of nine canine disease classes was collected and pre-processed. Data augmentation techniques were applied to improve model generalization. A MobileNetV2-based model was trained and evaluated, and the trained model was integrated into a mobile application for real-time disease classification.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The proposed model achieved a training accuracy of 93.22% and a validation accuracy of 86.31%. Comparative analysis demonstrated that MobileNetV2 outperformed InceptionV3 and ResNet50 in terms of accuracy and efficiency for mobile deployment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The proposed system provides an efficient, accessible, and cost-effective solution for early diagnosis of canine skin and eye diseases, particularly in resource-limited settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"16 5","pages":"2781-2791"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13314084/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148353029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Titanium dioxide nanoparticles as a sustainable solution for soil and water polluted with naphthalene and phenanthrene.","authors":"Adel S El-Hassanin, Sherif H Abd-Alrahman, Shereen F Abd El-Kader, Abdalrahman S Ahmed","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i5.45","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i5.45","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are among the environmental pollutants that are classified according to the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) as a priority concern. Generally, the primary source of PAHs is the incomplete combustion of organic matter from sources like coal, oil, gas, wood, tobacco, and garbage. In addition, the natural sources that may cause PAH-environmental pollution are volcanic eruptions and natural oil seepage. Thus, a PAH-polluted environment poses risks to human and animal health. Among the compounds that were monitored in great concentrations in water and soil environments are naphthalene (Nap) and phenanthrene (Phe).</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to remediate the environmental contamination of a PAH mixture using a minimal and effective dosage of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO₂ NPs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A commercially available TiO₂ NPs were characterized using transmission electron microscopy and particle size distribution, while X-ray diffraction was used to characterize both the tested soil mineralogically and the TiO₂ NPs. In addition, the remediation efficacy of different TiO₂ NPs concentrations (125, 250, and 500 mg l^-1) with and without sunlight exposure was investigated and evaluated by Gas Chromatography-Mass Mass Spectrometry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results revealed that by increasing the TiO₂ NPs concentration, the remediation efficacy was increased. When the TiO₂ NPs concentration was increased from 125 to 500 mg l^-1, Nap removal efficacy was increased from 21% to 92% under dark conditions from water. In addition, the removal efficacy of Phe without sunlight exposure was elevated from 44.63% to 73.53% from soil when TiO₂ NPs dosages were increased from 125 to 500 mg l^-1, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>TiO₂ NPs have potent soil remediation efficacy, especially under dark conditions. The following factors should be considered for the best remediation efficacy: the source of light, catalyst concentration, and the pollutant itself. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to offer an environmentally sustainable, practical, and economically feasible solution for remediating polluted environments, especially subsurface soil, using low, safe TiO₂ NP doses.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"16 5","pages":"3025-3038"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13314329/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148353049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio as a Prognostic Biomarker in Experimental Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma Induced by 4-Nitroquinoline-1-Oxide-A Pilot Study.","authors":"Akeem Moradehun Bamiro, Zul Izhar Mohd Ismail, Sharifah Emilia Tuan Sharif, Tengku Ahmad Damitri Al-Astani Tengku Din, Nasibah Mohamad, Luqman Afiq Mohamad Ishak, Samir Acherar, Philippe Arnoux, Céline Frochot, Norhafiza Mat Lazim","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i5.56","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i5.56","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Oral squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue is the most common type of head and neck malignancy and is associated with poor survival. Although inflammatory blood indices, such as the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), have prognostic value in human cancers, their role in preclinical oral cancer models is poorly defined.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To evaluate the prognostic performance of post-induction NLR, PLR, and LMR for short-term survival in rats with 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO)-induced tongue squamous cell carcinoma.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Female Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to 50 ppm 4NQO in drinking water for 20 weeks. Complete blood counts were obtained at baseline and after tumor induction to compute systemic inflammatory indices. 18 rats were included in the survival study, and the overall survival was defined as the time from the post-induction blood assessment (start of the 42-day observation period) to death/euthanasia, with animals alive at day 42 right-censored. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis with Youden's index was used to select the most sensitive model and derive an optimal cutoff for 42-day mortality. Kaplan-Meier curves with log-rank testing were used to compare survival between the biomarker strata.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The ROC analysis demonstrated good discrimination for NLR [area under the curve (AUC) 0.901], while PLR (AUC 0.358) and LMR (AUC 0.265) showed poor discrimination. The optimal NLR cutoff was 0.5463 (sensitivity, 0.889; 1-specificity, 0.111; Youden's index, 0.778). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed markedly poorer survival in rats with NLR > 0.55, with 8/9 deaths versus 1/9 deaths in the ≤ 0.55 group (log-rank <i>p</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Post-induction NLR derived from routine complete blood counts modestly discriminated 42-day survival in a 4NQO-induced rat model of tongue squamous cell carcinoma, supporting its use as a potential prognostic biomarker in resource-limited preclinical settings and as a basis for larger, controlled studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"16 5","pages":"3155-3165"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13314110/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148352959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparative study of the productive and physiological effect of beta-glucan and mixture of vitamin C with zinc in heat-stressed Awassi sheep.","authors":"Hanan Waleed Kasim Agwaan","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i5.15","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i5.15","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Heat stress is a key challenge faced by sheep production in arid/semi-arid areas, with implications for metabolic capacity and function, productivity, and immunity. Nutritional interventions (including the incorporation of bioactive compounds such as β-glucan, vitamin C, and zinc) for adaptive adaptation have been suggested to mitigate stress-related physiological derangements.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to undertake a comparative assessment of the beneficial effects of dietary supplementation with β-glucan, vitamin C + zinc, and their combination on productive performance, hematologic and biochemical characteristics, physiological parameters, and hormonal levels of heat-stressed Awassi rams.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-four adult Awassi rams (1.5 years old; 55 ± 1 kg) were randomly allocated to four treatment protocols, namely, Control, β-glucan (4 g/kg body weight /day), vitamin C + zinc (100 mg + 200 mg/day), and β-glucan + vitamin C + zinc. The summer trial covered 90 days. Laboratory procedures were used to assess productivity traits, hematological indices, biochemical markers, stress physiological measures, and hormone levels.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Supplementation was associated with significantly greater efficacy in promoting growth, maintaining hematological morphology, and maintaining biochemical and hormonal balance than the control group. The effect was most pronounced for the combined β-glucan + vitamin C and zinc treatment, with maximal body weight (72.5 ± 1.13 kg), growth rate (26.97 %), feed efficiency (feed conversion ratio 3.13), and increase in the hematological indices (red blood cells 10.73 × 10⁶/µl; white blood cells 10.7 × 10³/µl). Biochemical indices showed reduced glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, and liver enzymes, as well as elevated protein fractions and antioxidant status. Hormonal analysis showed lower cortisol and increased levels of anabolic hormones (T3, T4, and growth hormone). Taken together, these findings suggest that increased supplementation acts as an interplay tool to improve physiological resilience and overall productivity among heat-stressed Awassi rams by enhancing metabolic efficiency.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>When β-glucan, vitamin C, and zinc were included, the greatest improvement in growth performance, physiological stability, biochemical status, and hormonal balance was recorded in heat-stressed Awassi rams. Combining these supplements improved metabolic efficiency, immune function, and stress resilience far more than individual treatments alone. Thus, this nutritional strategy is effective in improving the health and productivity of thermally stressed animals.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"16 5","pages":"2722-2734"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13314348/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148352976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decoding antidengue serotype-3 (DENV-3) mechanism of natural glycosides from <i>Alpinia purpurata</i>: Molecular docking and <i>in vitro</i> insights into viral entry, cytokine storm modulation, and endogenous antioxidant defense activation.","authors":"Mochammad Aqilah Herdiansyah, Win Darmanto, Dwi Winarni, Aulia Umi Rohmatika, Rr Aulia Rahmawati Kusuma Putri, Raden Joko Kuncoroningrat Susilo, Teguh Hari Sucipto, Putu Angga Wiradana, Farach Khanifah, Ernawati Ernawati","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i5.42","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i5.42","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dengue virus serotype-3 (DENV-3) infection remains a clinical problem for which no specific antiviral agent has yet been identified. The rhizome of <i>Alpinia purpurata</i> (red galangal) is rich in natural glycosides with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, studies related to antidengue from <i>A. purpurata</i> using <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in silico</i> methods have not been widely conducted.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aims to describe the anti-dengue mechanism of natural glycosides from <i>A. purpurata</i> rhizomes through their antiviral ability <i>in vitro</i> in Vero E6 cell cultures induced by DENV-3 and molecular docking to the DC-SIGN (CD209), CD300a, IL-1β, and SOD receptors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong><i>In vitro</i> quantification of the viral replication inhibition value was performed using dengue virus antibodies (4G2) through ELISA. Meanwhile, molecular docking was performed to assess the binding affinities and complex interactions. Molecular dynamics simulations confirmed the stability of the docking complexes within the root mean square fluctuation value. Further screening was conducted using the pkCSM webserver to obtain the ADMET property values and the ProTox 3.0 webserver to obtain the toxicity prediction values.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong><i>In vitro</i> DENV-3-induced Vero E6 cell cultures induced with DENV-3 showed a viral replication inhibition value of 105.8107 µg/mL. Molecular docking experiments revealed that quercetin-3-O-rutinoside has the best potential to inhibit virus binding to DC-SIGN receptors (-7.8 kcal/mol), balance immune signals through CD300a regulation (-7.1 kcal/mol), suppress the production of IL-1β during cytokine storm (-7.2 kcal/mol), and activate endogenous antioxidant superoxide dismutase (-7.0 kcal/mol) compared with quercetin control. The validation of docking results through molecular dynamics proved that the quercetin-3-O-rutinoside complex has an RMSF value < 3 Å, which means that the complex tends to be stable. ADMET characteristics and toxicity also indicate that quercetin-3-O-rutinoside is safe for cells.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study reports the first evidence of the potential of natural glycosides from <i>A. purpurata</i> as antidengue agents <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in silico</i> through viral entry inhibition, cytokine storm modulation, and endogenous antioxidant activation to reduce free radicals in cells during infection. These findings support the potential of <i>A. purpurata</i> as an antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant agent.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"16 5","pages":"2987-3007"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13313891/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148352986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}