Open Veterinary Journal最新文献

{"title":"Enhanced sperm sexing efficiency and quality preservation in Bali bulls using freeze-dried albumin separation media.","authors":"Athhar Manabi Diansyah, Muhammad Yusuf, Rahmat Rahmat, Andi Muhammad Alfian","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i6.14","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i6.14","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sperm sexing is a crucial technique in livestock breeding, allowing for the selection of offspring of the desired sex. Traditional methods present challenges, including high costs, time consumption, and potential damage to sperm quality. This study explored an alternative approach using freeze-dried albumin as a medium for sperm separation in Bali bulls, a breed of significant economic importance in Indonesia.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to compare the advantages of freeze-dried albumin and fresh albumin for the separation of Bali bull sperm based on the existing albumin gradient separation technique. The evaluation focused on the impact of sperm separation, quality preservation, and kinematic properties. In addition, this study seeks to understand the broader applicability of this method beyond Bali bulls, considering its potential integration into various livestock reproductive programs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fresh semen from Bali bulls was processed using two different sperm separation media: fresh albumin and freeze-dried albumin. Sperm motility, viability, membrane integrity, acrosome integrity, and kinematic parameters (e.g., velocity and linearity) were measured and compared between the two mediums. The proportions of X- and Y-chromosome-bearing sperm in the separated fractions were also assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study found no significant differences in sperm quality parameters (motility, viability, abnormalities, membrane integrity, and acrosome integrity.) between the two mediums. In contrast, freeze-dried albumin resulted in higher separation efficiency, with a greater proportion of X-bearing sperm in the upper gradient layer, compared with fresh albumin. Kinematic analysis showed a slight increase of about 2%-4% inmotility and stability in sperm treated with freeze-dried albumin.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Freeze-dried albumin is a viable alternative to fresh albumin for sperm sexing because it improves separation efficiency while maintaining sperm quality. The advantages of stability, ease of storage, and cost- effectiveness make it an ideal choice for resource-limited settings, potentially advancing reproductive biotechnology in livestock breeding.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 6","pages":"2416-2426"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12451147/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145131520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytochemical profiling, bioactive compound isolation, and animal health implications of <i>Calotropis procera</i> in Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.","authors":"Sultan Fadel Al-Haid, Ahmed M A Meligy, Sherief M Abdel-Raheem, Mahmoud Elalfy, Mostafa A Elmadawy","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i6.41","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i6.41","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Medicinal plants are commonly employed in various ways, including the prevention of infection, alleviation of stress, and stimulation of growth. <i>Calotropis procera</i> is among the classifications of a medicinal plant that has various biological activities but has not received sufficient attention regarding the varying duality of its effects (e.g., beneficial and toxic) when utilized in animals or animal health in Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The specific aim of this investigation was to isolate and appraise bioactive compounds from <i>C. procera</i> in Al Ahsa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and their therapeutic as well as toxicological effects on animal health.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Phytochemical constituents of <i>C. procera</i> were extracted using both ethanol and dichloromethane (DCM) and subsequently analyzed using proximate composition, phytochemical analysis, thin-layer chromatography, and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>GC/MS analysis recorded the main components of <i>C. procera</i> are betulin (58%) and alpha-amyrin (32.87%) in the ethanolic extract; these main components had antioxidant, anticancer, and antimicrobial activities. However, the DCM extract of <i>C. procera,</i> on the other hand, recorded methyl eugenol (38.45%) and Stigmasta-7-16-dien-3-ol 3-beta 5-alpha (40.78%) as the main components.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In conclusion<i>, C. procera</i> has both therapeutic and toxic properties. For using it more safely, we need to examine its efficacy and active ingredients with modern laboratory tools to be able to utilize it more consistently as an herbal medicine. More research is needed to confirm its benefits and reduce risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 6","pages":"2722-2728"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12507042/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145258622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occurrence of methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> in healthy pets in Duhok Province, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.","authors":"Rezheen Fatah Abdulrahman","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i6.17","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i6.17","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Worldwide, Methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA) is a major nosocomial pathogen responsible for various infections in humans and animals.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to determine the prevalence and molecular characteristics of MRSA isolates in healthy pets, specifically cats and dogs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, swab samples were collected from 135 healthy pets, including 100 cats and 35 dogs. The samples were analyzed using standard microbiology and molecular methods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed the detection of MRSA in nostril isolates at a total rate of 23.2% (13/56) from both cats and dogs through the detection <i>mecA</i> gene. The prevalence rate was different in cats and dogs and it was 22% (9/41) and 27% (4/15), respectively. The same isolates were cefoxitin-positive and oxacillin-resistant. Basic Local Alignment Search Tool analysis of partial <i>mecA</i> sequences revealed 100% similarity with <i>mecA</i> genes from human <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> isolates. All 13 <i>mecA</i> sequences exhibited identical results. Two partial <i>mecA</i> sequences from this study have been deposited in GenBank under accession numbers PQ881807 and PQ881808. The MRSA isolates only displayed staphylococcal cassette chromosome types I and IV (a and b). The results also showed a high prevalence of certain virulence factors, such as hemolysins, across the isolates and multidrug-resistant MRSA isolates among both cats and dogs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study is the first to confirm the occurrence of MRSA among Duhok pets. The findings suggest the role of healthy animals as reservoirs of multidrug-resistant MRSA and highlight the potential threat of zoonotic transmission of MRSA between pets and humans.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 6","pages":"2449-2456"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12451141/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145131327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fermented purple onion (<i>Allium cepa L.</i>) and chive (<i>Allium schoenoprasum</i>) bulb extracts as antibiotic alternatives against toxin-carrying bacteria: In vitro and pathogenicity assessment in chickens.","authors":"Phan Vu Hai, Nguyen Xuan Hoa, Hoang Thi Anh Phuong","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i6.8","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i6.8","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Antibiotic resistance in &lt;i&gt;Escherichia coli&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Salmonella&lt;/i&gt; spp. poses a significant threat to poultry health and productivity. Overuse of antibiotics in poultry farming has led to the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens, which have contributed to food safety concerns and limited treatment options. Natural antimicrobial alternatives, particularly herbal agricultural products such as purple onions and chives, have gained interest as sustainable solutions. Furthermore, fermentation with probiotic bacteria enhances the antimicrobial properties of botanical extracts, improving their efficacy against pathogenic bacteria.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Aim: &lt;/strong&gt;This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of fermented purple onion (FPO) and fermented chive (FC) extracts against &lt;i&gt;E. coli&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Salmonella&lt;/i&gt; spp., both causative agents of diarrhea, in broiler chickens. The research also compared their effectiveness with conventional antibiotics used in poultry farming.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;We fermented fresh purple onion and chive extracts using &lt;i&gt;Lactobacillus plantarum&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Bacillus subtilis&lt;/i&gt; for 72 hours under anaerobic conditions. Pathogenic &lt;i&gt;E. coli&lt;/i&gt; (22) and &lt;i&gt;Salmonella&lt;/i&gt; spp. (9) were isolated from 30 diarrheal chicken fecal samples and identified through biochemical tests, &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; virulence testing in chicks, polymerase chain reaction detection of toxin genes (&lt;i&gt;Stx1, Stx2&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;Stn&lt;/i&gt;), and 16S rRNA sequencing. The antibacterial activity of the fermented extracts was evaluated using disk diffusion assays, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) tests. The bioactive compound content, including phenolics, flavonoids, and sulfur compounds, was quantified using an aluminum chloride colorimetric assay to assess their contribution to antimicrobial efficacy.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;i&gt;In vivo&lt;/i&gt; virulence assessment of chickens revealed that 4 &lt;i&gt;E. coli&lt;/i&gt; strains (18.2%) and 5 &lt;i&gt;Salmonella&lt;/i&gt; strains (26.3%) induced diarrhea. Of these, 2 &lt;i&gt;E. coli&lt;/i&gt; strains (50%) harbored the &lt;i&gt;Stx1&lt;/i&gt; toxin gene, and all 5 &lt;i&gt;Salmonella&lt;/i&gt; strains (100%) carried the &lt;i&gt;Stn&lt;/i&gt; gene. 16S rRNA gene sequencing identified 2 &lt;i&gt;E. coli&lt;/i&gt; strains and 4 &lt;i&gt;Salmonella&lt;/i&gt; strains. All bacterial isolates exhibited MDR, particularly beta-lactam and macrolide antibiotics. Both fermented extracts exhibited significant antibacterial activity against MDR &lt;i&gt;E. coli&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Salmonella&lt;/i&gt; spp., with FC exhibiting superior efficacy compared to FPO. The inhibition zones of FC (12.5-17.6 mm) were significantly larger than those of FPO (10.1-16.8 mm), particularly against &lt;i&gt;E. coli&lt;/i&gt; FG31-1 and &lt;i&gt;Salmonella pullorum&lt;/i&gt; NCTC10705. The MIC and MBC values indicated that FC had a stronger bactericidal effect, requiring lower concentrations to inhibit and kill bacterial growth. FC contained higher levels of flav","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 6","pages":"2355-2364"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12451125/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145131466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new Egyptian approach to the antibacterial effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles on zoonotic bacteria with different transmission patterns isolated from cattle.","authors":"Asmaa I Zin Eldin, Heba F Hozyen, Eman Shafik, Nourhan Eissa","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i6.24","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i6.24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cattle mastitis is a widespread and affluent illness that threatens the dairy industry. Numerous common infectious diseases, mostly zoonotic, impact Egypt's dairy cow production. According to their remarkable affordability, high safety, and biocompatibility, and their exceptional effectiveness against microbes, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) have shown great promise in biomedicine, particularly in the areas of antibacterial and anticancer treatment, and so have become the most broadly used nanoparticles of metal oxides in various biological treatments throughout the last 20 years.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The present study emphasized the potential for dispersed, non-agglomerated ZnO-NPs produced by sonochemical irradiation with starch serving as a capping agent to be considered more economical and effective germicidal agents in the eradication of bacteria of bovine mastitis, such as <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella enterica</i> serovar Typhimurium (<i>S.</i> Typhimurium), and <i>Enterococcus faecium</i>.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To improve their antibacterial effectiveness against specific zoonotic pathogens that can cause bovine mastitis, three suspensions of ZnO-NPs were created as follows: auto-combustion reaction-synthesized ZnO-NPs, auto-combustion reaction-prepared uncapped ZnO-NPs, and sonochemically prepared starch-capped ZnO-NPs. The three suspensions were exposed to the zoonotic pathogens <i>S. epidermidis, P. aeruginosa, S.</i> Typhimurium, and E. faecium at concentrations ranging from 1 to 50 mg/ml.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prepared three nano-ZnO suspensions showed minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) total suppression of <i>S. epidermidis</i> at doses of 1-10 mg/ml of nano-ZnO and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against <i>S. epidermidis</i> at concentrations <1-5 mg/ml. According to the suspension (No. 1), MBC was detected at a concentration of 30 mg/ml, and the MIC was 20 mg/ml for <i>P. aeruginosa</i>. Concerning <i>S.</i> Typhimurium, the MIC was found at a concentration of 5 mg/ml, while MBC was measured at 10 mg/ml. Lastly, at a concentration of 30 mg/ml, the nano-ZnO suspension (No. 1) demonstrated MBC activity against <i>E. faecium</i>, with MIC activity at a concentration of 2 mg/ml.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This point will be useful for future research on ZnO-NPs because it focuses on their biological and antibacterial applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 6","pages":"2518-2531"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12451179/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145131299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial resistance of <i>Staphylococcus</i> isolated from the ear canal of a group of dogs with otitis externa in Talca, Chile, South América Preliminary results.","authors":"Andrea Núñez, Lisette Lapierre, Beatriz Escobar, Rodrigo Castro","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i6.59","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i6.59","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Otitis frequently affects dogs. Underlying diseases and predisposing factors affect the otic environment, thereby causing bacterial proliferation. One of the most isolated species in cases of otitis is the <i>Staphylococcus</i> genus, which has widely reported antimicrobial resistance profiles. This has not yet been studied in Talca, Chile.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The objective of this study was to determine the existence of antimicrobial resistance in <i>Staphylococcus</i> strains isolated from the external auditory canal of a group of dogs diagnosed with otitis externa in Talca, Chile.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Samples were taken from the external ear canal of 20 dogs with otitis externa from October 2023 to August 2024 at dermatological consultations in the city of Talca. The samples were transported to be processed and analyzed in the MICROVET Veterinary Microbiology laboratory, of the Faculty of Veterinary and Livestock Sciences of the University of Chile, using VITEK® 2 equipment for the identification and determination of antimicrobial susceptibility. The association between the epidemiological variables of the patients and the antimicrobial susceptibility of <i>Staphylococcus</i> strains was determined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Staphylococcus spp. isolation was obtained in 8 samples, 62.5% of which were strains of the coagulase-positive Staphylococcus group, of which 25% were identified as Staphylococcus aureus and 37.5% as Staphylococcus pseudintermedius. The remaining 37.5% were coagulase-negative Staphylococcus strains, which were identified as Staphylococcus chromogenes (12.5%), Staphylococcus simulans (12.5%), and Staphylococcus lentus (12.5%). 50 % of the isolates were resistant, with Staphylococcus pseudintermedius being MDR, with resistance to 6 antibiotics, andS. lentus resistant to 5, both of which were also MRS. There was no association between the epidemiological variables of the patients and the antimicrobial susceptibility of the Staphylococcus strains.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These preliminary results are the first report in Chile demonstrating the presence of methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus</i> in a group of dogs with otitis externa in Talca, Chile, South America using VITEK®. These results are relevant from a public health perspective given the close contact between owners, veterinarians, and dogs with otitis externa. These preliminary data contribute to the local understanding of this global phenomenon and provide information to support the theoretical framework for future local studies on epidemiological surveillance.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 6","pages":"2895-2902"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12451182/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145131300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of ground dates on rumen fermentation and milk composition parameters in local ewes.","authors":"Jassim Edan Al-Musawi, Mohammed M Dakheel, Basim Jasim Wadi","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i6.48","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i6.48","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Enhancing the nutritional components of milk would improve its quality, especially ewe milk, due to its economic importance to dairy industry companies.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study evaluated the effects of adding ground dates (Al-Zuhdi) to the concentrated diet on the productive performance of milk components and bacterial fermentation products in the rumen during the lactation period.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eighteen ewes, aged 2.0-2.5 years old, in good health, with an average weight of 53.60 ± 7.25 kg B.W, were equally divided into three equal groups. The first group (T1) was fed a basal diet as a control, whereas the ewes of the second group (T2) were fed a basal diet with ground dates at a ratio of concentrated diet. The third group (T3) was fed a basal diet supplemented with 15% ground dates from the concentrate diet.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The findings demonstrated that rumen fermentation rates were significantly increased (<i>p</i> < 0.05) when dates were added to the diet of ewes. Supplementation with ground dates raised the levels of NH3-N and total volatile fatty acids. When comparing the treated groups with the control, the relative abundance of rumen fluid's pH acidity decreased (<i>p</i> < 0.05). A diet supplemented with ground dates significantly increased milk protein and fat percentages in T2 and T3 ewes, but no significant difference was observed in milk lactose and solid non-fat.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The current study concluded that incorporating ground dates into nutritional supplements can enhance the activation of rumen microorganisms and provide nutrients to ewes, which is reflected in the enrichment of milk components.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 6","pages":"2798-2805"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12451153/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145131477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Q-fever outbreak in Nepal: Urgent actions needed.","authors":"Krishna Prasad Acharya, Sarita Phuyal","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i6.1","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i6.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 6","pages":"2283"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12451184/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145131498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serologic and molecular survey of <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> in Baghdad Province, Iraq.","authors":"Karrar Ali Mohammed Hasan Alsakini, Hind H Al-Ammiri, Mustafa Mohammed Touma","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i6.21","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i6.21","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>A prevalent contagious pathogenic parasite that can lead to major health issues is <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i>.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The present study aimed to detect the parasitic immune response and the existence of genomic DNA in the blood of a <i>T. gondii</i>-positive equine.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty serum samples from horses suspected of having toxoplasmosis were collected from the Al-Rusafa neighborhood in Baghdad. To quantitatively investigate toxoplasma antibody levels in horse serum, an ELISA was used to evaluate immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels. Conventional (PCR) was used to identify <i>T. gondii</i> DNA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The blood levels of IgG immunoglobulin in toxoplasma-infected horses differed significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.01) according to sex and age. <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i>-specific forward and reverse primers were generated using NCBI GenBank software. Toxoplasma genes were amplified using standard PCR. The proposed method can be used as a molecular diagnostic tool for detecting and comparing molecules using a ladder.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings of this investigation were to ascertain whether the <i>T. gondii</i> genotype (UPRTF2 gene) is present. The size band of 443 bp DNA in the blood of toxoplasma-infected horses was confirmed using serological and molecular assessments. There were no statistically significant differences found by the Chi-square (χ²) test between the age groups or sexes of the seropositive and seronegative horses.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 6","pages":"2492-2499"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12451124/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145131519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rift Valley fever: A zoonotic disease with global potential.","authors":"Eka Pramyrtha Hestianah, Aswin Rafif Khairullah, Mustofa Helmi Effendi, Budiastuti Budiastuti, Wiwiek Tyasningsih, Budiarto Budiarto, Dian Ayu Permatasari, Ikechukwu Benjamin Moses, Riza Zainuddin Ahmad, Bantari Wisynu Kusuma Wardhani, Muhammad Khaliim Jati Kusala, Dea Anita Ariani Kurniasih, Ima Fauziah, Syahputra Wibowo, Emmanuel Nnabuike Ugbo, Kartika Afrida Fauzia","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i6.5","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i6.5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An arthropod-borne zoonotic disease called \"Rift Valley fever (RVF)\" spreads widely among ruminant animals and humans. RVF is caused by the RVF Virus (RVFV), a round-enveloped RNA virus belonging to the genus Phlebovirus and family <i>Bunyaviridae</i>. RVF is found exclusively in African nations, and it is primarily associated with high rainfall and dense vector mosquito populations. The virus moves from its initial replication site to vital organs, such as the brain, liver, and spleen, after infection. These organs either recover due to both general and particular host responses, or they are affected by the pathogenic effects of the virus or immunological pathological processes. The main lesion observed in the RVF is hepatic necrosis. RVF can be diagnosed in clinical laboratories using a variety of techniques. RVF is defined by high abortion rates and high newborn deaths, which typically follow periods of intense precipitation. Commonly observed pathologies include gastrointestinal hemorrhage, splenomegaly, and liver necrosis. Transmission of the virus between <i>Aedes</i> and <i>Culex</i> mosquitoes in flood water has been demonstrated to occur transovarially. A number of ecological, anthropogenic, environmental, and viral evolutionary risk factors combine to make it more likely for RVFV to spread and establish in new locations. Although there is no specific treatment for human or animal RVF, supportive care can be beneficial. RVF can be prevented in a number of ways, such as by detecting climatic change, controlling mosquito populations, immunizing animals in endemic areas, and managing travel.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 6","pages":"2312-2328"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12451149/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145131562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}