Open Veterinary Journal最新文献

{"title":"Effects of stem cell therapy on preclinical stroke.","authors":"Gita Serafika Shannon, Ratih Rinendyaputri, Sunarno Sunarno, Amarila Malik","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i2.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i2.9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Stroke, particularly ischemic stroke, is a leading cause of global mortality and disability. It is caused by blood flow obstruction and reduced oxygen delivery to brain tissue. Conventional treatments, such as tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and mechanical thrombectomy (MT), have limited efficacy in repairing neural damage and carry risks of adverse effects. As a result, stem cell therapies, including mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), have emerged as promising approaches for enhancing neural recovery and offering neuroprotection in ischemic stroke management. MSCs offer multifaceted benefits, such as reducing inflammation, protecting neurons, and promoting angiogenesis and neurogenesis. Recent evidence highlights the importance of MSC secretomes-extracellular vesicles (EVs) and exosomes rich in neuroprotective factors, such as microRNAs, proteins, and cytokines. These bioactive molecules demonstrated considerable efficacy in preclinical models by reducing neuroinflammation, preserving neurovascular integrity, and promoting cellular repair in ischemic environments. Preclinical <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> studies demonstrate the potential of the MSC secretomes to restore brain function after ischemic stroke. This is achieved by enhancing neuronal survival through mechanisms such as angiogenesis or vascular recovery, neuroprotection including modulation of immune or inflammatory responses, apoptosis, and autophagy, and promoting post-stroke neurogenesis. This review explores the translational challenges and future potential of integrating conventional ischemic stroke therapies with stem cell-based or cell-free approaches. The present study synthesizes current insights into the role of MSC-derived secretomes from both <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 2","pages":"601-618"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11974274/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143811874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In <i>vitro</i> model of ischemic stroke neurons from <i>Macaca fascicularis</i>.","authors":"Ratih Rinendyaputri, Sela Septima Mariya, Dany Frans, Ariyani Noviantari, Dwi Budiono, Lisa Andriani Lienggonegoro, Hasta Handayani Idrus, Wireni Ayuningtyas, Rachmawati Noverina, Fathul Huda, Ahmad Faried","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i2.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i2.29","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Primary cells have the same heterogeneity and differentiation capacity that has potential as an <i>in vitro</i> ischemic stroke models. It is hoped that primary cells from non-human primates that have genetic similarities to humans can provide molecular information and become more accurate data for use in drug screening, especially stroke therapy. B27 is a supplement commonly used in neuronal cell cultures, but there are concerns that its effects will interfere with the neuroprotective processes of the drug candidates being tested.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This research will prove the demonstration of neurons as an ischemic stroke model and the effects of B27 in <i>Macaca fascicularis</i> (Mf) neurons as a model for ischemic stroke under oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Neurons were obtained from a collection of biological materials collected during previous research. Neuronal validation was performed using immunocytochemistry with the marker β-tubulin. Expression of the apoptotic response was performed by real time- polymerase chain reaction/(RT-PCR) using Bax, BCL-2, caspase-9, and p53 gene markers. Characterization of neurons in terms of positive tβubulin markers and induction of OGD in neurons can be performed for 6 h to model ischemic stroke.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study showed that cultured neurons under OGD conditions can experience apoptosis, namely by increasing pro-apoptosis and decreasing anti-apoptosis. However, B27 supplementation increased the expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 genes and decreased proapoptotic genes such as Bax, caspase 9, and p53.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Neuron culture from Mf can be used as an <i>in vitro</i> model of ischemic stroke, and B27 supplementation in neurons exerts neuroprotective effects on the induction of OGD.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 2","pages":"804-812"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11974307/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143811885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular characterization of <i>Leishmania</i> infection in canine.","authors":"Samar Abbas Fadhil, Mansour Jadaan Ali","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i2.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i2.14","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Canine leishmaniasis is an infectious protozoan disease transmitted by sand fly bites. The parasite infects the macrophages of vertebrates during the amastigote stage.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to detect the causative species for infections between dogs with <i>Leishmania</i> in Iraq and to determine the relationship between isolates that infect Iraqi animals and other animals worldwide.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fifty dogs of various breeds, ranging from 1 month to 7 years old of both sexes. Then, blood samples were collected from the cephalic vein into an EDTA tube; DNA was extracted using a commercial kit. Afterward, conventional PCR was performed using universal primers to detect 18S in <i>Leishmania</i>.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most dog infections were caused by <i>Leishmania infantum</i>. The age of the infected dogs ranged from a few months to 7 years. Our results indicate that most infections with <i>Leishmiania</i> spp. occurred between older males and younger females. Most dogs were asymptomatic, and a small percentage exhibited clinical signs, such as skin lesions, rough coats, hair loss, and onychogryphosis. To confirm the results and gain insight into the origin of the positive <i>L. infantum</i> isolates, 10 samples were sequenced. Interestingly, <i>L. infantum</i> isolates were typical of those recorded in Brazil, France, and the USA, except for one isolate, which was slightly different from the detected isolates. Therefore, our results showed that most infections were between older males rather than younger females, and the DNA sequencing results indicated that only 1 isolate out of 10 had a different demographic origin.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Dogs in this study were infected mainly with <i>L. infantum</i> without any clinical signs; most isolates resemble those recorded in Brazil, France, and the USA.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 2","pages":"660-667"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11974301/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143811964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phylogenetic analysis and genetic evaluation of the Echinococcus granulosus antigen B subunit 2 gene isolated from sheep in Al-Diwaniyah, Iraq.","authors":"Weam A Hamad, Thanaa Ismael Jawad, Wegdan H Atiya","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i2.52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i2.52","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hydatid cysts are an immature form of <i>Echinococcus granulosus</i> tapeworm, which causes zoonotic illness, echinococcosis (sometimes called hydatidosis). There are 10 officially recognized genotypes (G1-G10) of this parasite.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The current study aimed to sequence and characterize the genotypes of <i>E. granulosus</i> using the antigen B subunit 2 gene isolated from sheep in Al-Diwaniyah City, Iraq.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using specific antigen B subunit 2, 50 hydatid cysts were collected from the livers of sheep at a local slaughterhouse between March and October 2023. DNA was obtained from the hydatid fluid of sheep cysts. Protoscolices from fertile cyst fluid were also obtained. Conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the antigen B gene was performed on the extracted DNA of samples. PCR was performed followed by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of PCR 7 positive isolates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The predominant genotype in the sheep population was the G1 strain. Furthermore, the sequenced isolates exhibited a high degree of correlation with local and regional Iran <i>E. granulosus</i> sequences, demonstrating genetic diversity compared with reference strains. The current isolates were assigned accession numbers by the NCBI as follows: OR232318.1, OR232319.1, OR232320.1, OR232321.1, OR232322.1, OR232323.1, and OR232324.1.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings indicate that <i>E</i>. <i>granulosus has</i> diverse genotypes and is mostly linked genetically to isolates from neighboring countries, such as Brazil and Iraq.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 2","pages":"1043-1049"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11974318/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143812097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical outcomes and prognostic factors of repeated conventional hypofractionated radiotherapy for recurrent intranasal tumors in dogs.","authors":"Hirona Ueno, Yuta Nishiyama, Takuya Maruo, Yohei Fukuda, Takayuki Katayama, Shinichiro Yoda, Kotaro Nishi, Hideki Kayanuma","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i2.32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i2.32","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite an initial favorable response to hypofractionated radiotherapy (RT), intranasal neoplasia has a poor long-term prognosis. Re-irradiation (re-RT) has been shown to result in clinical remission in dogs with recurrent intranasal tumors. Hypofractionated re-RT is indicated in cases of recurrence.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the response of patients with recurrent intranasal tumors who were initially treated with repeated hypofractionated RT and subsequently underwent re-RT.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Medical records of dogs with intranasal tumors that relapsed after undergoing hypofractionated RT at Azabu University Veterinary Teaching Hospital and who underwent re-RT between 2008 and 2022 were retrospectively analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 30 dogs included, 20 had adenocarcinomas. Eleven patients underwent a second re-RT, and five patients underwent a third re-RT. The median total isocenter dose and total number of fractions were 56 Gy (range, 37.5-102) and 8 fractions (range, 5-14), respectively. The first, second, and third progression-free intervals (PFIs) were 315 (<i>n</i> = 30), 185 (<i>n</i> = 11), and 218 days (<i>n</i> = 4), respectively. Overall survival (OS) was 504 days (<i>n</i> = 30). Adverse events such as alopecia (<i>n</i> = 7), white hair (<i>n</i> = 8), cataracts (<i>n</i> = 9), pigmentation (<i>n</i> = 5), keratitis (<i>n</i> = 3), and corneal ulceration (<i>n</i> = 1) were limited to grades 1 and 2. The medians of the first PFI for one course and two or more courses of re-RT were 298 and 331 days, respectively, indicating no significant differences between the groups. The OS after two or more courses of re-RT (758 days) was significantly longer than after one course of re-RT alone (414 days) (<i>p</i> = 0.048). However, the cases were not randomized, and most of the tumor types were adenocarcinomas.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Since it is expected to prolong survival time with few life-threatening adverse events, the findings of the present study suggest that hypofractionated re-RT can be used in dogs with recurrent intranasal tumors initially treated with hypofractionated RT. Therefore, repeated hypofractionated re-RT may be a reasonable option for young dogs with a good initial response and recurrent intranasal tumors.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 2","pages":"827-834"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11974295/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143811789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intestinal lymphangiectasia in a dog: Clinical, ultrasonographic, endoscopic, and strain elastographic aspects.","authors":"Iago Martins Oliveira, Wanessa Patrícia Rodrigues da Silva, Moreira Lopes Mariana, Naida Cristina Borges","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i2.54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i2.54","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Primary intestinal lymphangiectasia in dogs is a condition characterized by dilation of the lymphatic vessels in the intestine. It has serious consequences, such as protein loss. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are essential for the quality of life of affected animals.</p><p><strong>Case description: </strong>A 10-month-old female Border collie with persistent diarrhea for 3 months associated with weight loss, emesis, steatorrhea, and anorexia. During the investigation, the patient showed signs of dehydration; based on inspection and bone and muscle palpation, there was a reduction in the body condition score, as well as limb edema. An abdominal ultrasound revealed intestinal wall thickening and signs indicative of lymphangiectasia. The strain elastography revealed changes in intestinal rigidity parameters. After upper digestive endoscopy and histopathological examination, the female patient was diagnosed with intestinal lymphangiectasia. The female patient was treated with a low-fat diet and immunosuppressive drugs, which resulted in clinical and laboratory improvement and a reduction in the hardness rate on elastography.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case highlights the clinical, ultrasonographic, endoscopic, and strain elastographic findings of intestinal lymphangiectasia in a dog, demonstrating elastography's potential as a diagnostic and monitoring tool while confirming the disease's responsiveness to immunosuppressive therapy and dietary management.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 2","pages":"1056-1063"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11974309/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143811934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polymeric rumen-stable delivery systems for delivering nutricines.","authors":"Yedi Herdiana","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i2.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i2.7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ruminants face unique drug and nutrient delivery challenges because of their symbiotic rumen microorganisms. Polymeric rumen-stable delivery systems (RDSs) have emerged as a promising solution for efficiently delivering nutrition and enhancing animal health and productivity. Traditional methods such as heat and chemical treatment have been improved with polymeric coatings that facilitate the slow postruminal release of bioactive substances. Polymeric coatings of nutrients offer significant potential for improving ruminant health, reducing farmer costs, and promoting sustainability in livestock. This paper explores the mechanisms of rumen protection and abomasal release provided by polymeric coatings, discusses other RSDs, and reviews methods for evaluating their performance <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>. Further research in this area could advance novel nutricine delivery solutions for ruminants.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 2","pages":"565-593"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11974284/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143812098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of cinnamon oil (<i>Cinnamomum burmannii</i>) on the histological kidney of male diabetic rats (<i>Rattus norvegicus</i>).","authors":"Budiastuti Budiastuti, Naomi Lan Noviana Thesia, Hani Plumeriastuti, Mustofa Helmi Effendi, Emmanuel Nnabuike Ugbo, Aswin Rafif Khairullah, Ikechukwu Benjamin Moses, Katty Hendriana Priscilia Riwu, Riza Zainuddin Ahmad, Sheila Marty Yanestria, Wasito Wasito, Bima Putra Pratama, Mo Awwanah, Agung Prasetyo","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i2.41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i2.41","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chronic systemic disease known as diabetes mellitus is defined by elevated blood glucose levels and problems with fat, carbohydrate, and protein metabolism. In Indonesia, the cinnamon species found include <i>Cinnamomum burmannii</i>, which also has hypoglycemic activity. The primary antioxidant chemicals found in <i>C. burmannii</i> bark extract are polyphenols, which include tannins and flavonoids.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The antidiabetic activity of cinnamon essential oil (<i>C. burmannii</i>) against streptozotocin (STZ) was examined in this study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>STZ (45 mg/kg BW) was administered intraperitoneally as a single dose. Twenty male rats were employed in this investigation. The rats were divided into five groups: treatment 1 (P1) was administered with STZ and provided with 100 mg/kg BW; treatment 2 (P2) was administered with STZ and provided with 200 mg/kg BW; and treatment 3 (P3) was administered with STZ and provided with 400 mg/kg BW. The negative control group (K-) was not treated with STZ and was treated with 1% Tween 80. For 14 days, the medication was administered daily.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The essential oil of cinnamon may lessen glomerulosclerosis, tubular necrosis, tubular degeneration, and glomerular necrosis. The kidney P3 treatment (400 mg/kg BW) produced negligible effects.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>It is possible to create cinnamon essential oil as an herbal antidiabetic medication by lowering the degree of kidney cell damage.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 2","pages":"923-930"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11974283/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143811825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fecal glucocorticoid metabolites can be used as a stress indicator in bottlenose dolphins (<i>Tursiops truncatus</i>).","authors":"Estelle Ferenczi, Birgitta Mercera, Karl Mercera, Caroline Gilbert, Fabienne Delfour, Fanny Pilot-Storck","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i2.40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i2.40","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Glucocorticoids increase in response to the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis stimulation, and their metabolites can be measured in dolphins' feces.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to assess the welfare of bottlenose dolphins under human care by measuring fecal glucocorticoid metabolites (FGM).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Our study consisted of measuring glucocorticoid metabolites concentration by enzyme immunoassay in fecal samples from five bottlenose dolphins housed in a dolphinarium. Dolphins were sampled once a month over a year, and 1 day before and 2 days after the three stressful events.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We confirmed the validation of an extraction technique and an enzyme immunoassay to measure FGM and we observed an increase in their concentration after the stressful events, which provides a biological validation of this method. In parallel, we confirmed that males had a higher concentration of FGM than females, with a basal concentration of around 80 and 50 ng/g of dried feces, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study confirms that FGM measurement is a relevant indicator of stress response in bottlenose dolphins under human care, although it needs to take into account the sex and reproductive status of the animals.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 2","pages":"911-922"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11974292/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143811841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>In silico</i> evaluation of snake venom proteins against multidrug-resistant <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>: A molecular dynamics study and simulation dynamic.","authors":"Maged Fouda, Mohammad J S Mantargi, Mousa O Germoush, Moustafa Sarhan, Modather F Husein, Mohamed M Abdel-Daim","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i2.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i2.26","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (Mtb), a pathogen that belongs to the M. tuberculosis complex, causes tuberculosis (TB), an infectious bacterial disease. Although it usually affects the lungs and results in pulmonary TB, it can also lead to extra-pulmonary TB by affecting other regions of the body. TB, which ranks first on the list of infectious diseases that kill the most people, affects one-third of the world's population and has a high mortality and morbidity rate. The clinical treatment of active TB infection mainly relies on the use of Isoniazid (INH) in combination with three other drugs-rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol. However, the situation is getting worse due to the rise of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). Finding more effective drugs is always a top priority. In this regard, animal venoms, such as snake toxins, contain antibacterial chemicals that have significant therapeutic properties and prevent bacterial infections and disease progression. This suggests that snake venom is a good natural source of promising novel anti-TB drugs.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study examines the snake venom protein's capacity <i>in silico</i> to interrupt the intracellular enzymes of Mtb, which is responsible for the development of MDR-TB in humans.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>From Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics (RCSB)-Protein Data Bank, the active protein structure of catalase-peroxidase, RNA polymerase, and snake venom proteins was derived. Using molecular docking software such as PyRx, PyMOL, and Ligplot analyzers the interactions between those proteins and the targeted intracellular proteins were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our findings reveal fascinating affinities and interaction patterns between snake venom proteins and MDR-TB intracellular enzymes. Analysis of the effects of these interactions and their capacity to impair catalase-peroxidase and RNA polymerase showed that <i>Russell's viper venom</i> proteins were active against the catalase-peroxidase system, whereas <i>Bothrops jararaca venom</i> proteins were active against the RNA polymerase system.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study highlights a prospective approach for advancing anti-TB agents by using snake venom proteins to inhibit the growth, replication, and transmission of MDR-TB. This will provide a basis for exploring pharmacophore-based drugs to combat MDR-TB infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 2","pages":"774-784"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11974300/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143811900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}