Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms最新文献

{"title":"Graphitization efficiency of small-sized carbon samples and its impact on 14C/12C and 13C/12C isotope ratios","authors":"Huihui Cao,&nbsp;Yuanzhe Peng,&nbsp;Jiale Guo,&nbsp;Pingyu Zhang,&nbsp;Zongli Wang,&nbsp;Aifeng Zhou,&nbsp;Guanghui Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165632","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165632","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Mini Carbon Dating System and Automated Graphitization Equipment, developed by Ionplus AG, were specifically designed for radiocarbon isotope ratio testing and for graphite synthesis with one milligram of carbon. Here, we carefully weighed standard samples of NIST-SRM-4990C, phthalic acid and IAEA-C7, with carbon masses ranging from 30 to 1000 μg, for graphitization, ¹⁴C/¹²C and ¹³C/¹²C isotope ratio measurement. The results showed a positive correlation between graphitization efficiency and carbon size, with efficiencies surpassing about 70 % and 90 % when the carbon content exceeded approximately 200 and 400 μg, respectively. Moreover, the δ¹³C values of the graphite product indicated the presence of carbon isotope fractionation during the graphitization processes, which was particularly pronounced when the carbon content was below 200 μg. Accordingly, we recommend that the graphite content should exceed 200 μg for reliable radiocarbon measurements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19380,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms","volume":"560 ","pages":"Article 165632"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143160315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"X ray emission for 20 MeV to 55 MeV C4+ ions impacting on Cu target","authors":"Cexiang Mei ,&nbsp;Xiaoan Zhang ,&nbsp;Xianming Zhou ,&nbsp;Changhui Liang ,&nbsp;Lixia Zeng ,&nbsp;Yanning Zhang ,&nbsp;Shubin Du ,&nbsp;Yipan Guo ,&nbsp;Zhihu Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165612","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165612","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The ionization of the Cu K shell by collisions of C⁴⁺ ions at energies ranging from 20 MeV to 50 MeV is studied, and the K x-ray spectra of Cu are measured using an HPGe detector. The relationship between the relative intensity ratio of K<em>_β</em> and K<em>_α</em> x rays emitted from Cu and the kinetic energy of incident ions is investigated<!--> <!-->and compared with data for singly ionized atoms. The results show that the relative intensity ratio of K<em>_β</em> to K<em>_α</em> x ray of Cu target decreases with the increase of incident ion kinetic energy, and the ratio is larger than the data of singly ionized atoms. The K x- ray production cross section of target atom is calculated by using the thick target cross-section formula, and compared with the results obtained from different theoretical models. The results show that the total production cross sections of K<em>_β</em> and K<em>_α</em> x ray with the increasing incident ion kinetic energy are in close agreement with<!--> <!-->the BEA modified model which takes multiple ionization into account.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19380,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms","volume":"560 ","pages":"Article 165612"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143159760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-throughput MeV ion beam analysis − quantitative full stoichiometry imaging of a granite","authors":"S. Möller,&nbsp;K.F. Muzakka,&nbsp;D. Höschen,&nbsp;M. Finsterbusch","doi":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165626","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165626","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>MeV Ion-Beam analysis (IBA) can quantify the whole periodic table, provide tomographic information, analyse elements up to 100 µm depth, and achieve down to nm depth resolution under ideal conditions. This brings along a high degree of instrument and data analysis complexity. Only recently, optimised instrument geometry and precision on the hardware-side and artificial intelligence, modern computing power, and new nuclear cross-sections on the software-side enabled analysing the IBA spectra effectively and with only little human interaction. The increased throughput reinvents IBA as an elemental imaging technology.</div><div>This work presents a 5x5mm² imaging of a granite sample with 100x100 pixels using four IBA methods measured and analysed within 24 h. This demonstrates the capabilities of the newly developed software and hardware solutions. The analysis reveals SiO₂, an Al, and a Fe rich phases in the granite. The present elements and their concentrations match typical granite phases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19380,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms","volume":"560 ","pages":"Article 165626"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143160331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monte Carlo simulation of intragranular Xe bubble re-solution in UZr nuclear fuels","authors":"Wenlue Mao ,&nbsp;Jinli Cao ,&nbsp;Xinfu He ,&nbsp;Yonggang Li ,&nbsp;Qirong Zheng ,&nbsp;Wen Yang ,&nbsp;Qi Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165623","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165623","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The bubble re-solution in UZr alloys plays a key role in the nucleation and growth of fission gas bubble, but its mechanism is still unclear. In this work, the behavior of Xe bubble re-solution due to binary collision affected by bubble radius, matrix composition, and fission fragments in UZr fuels has been carried out by 3D Monte Carlo method. The re-solution coefficient (<em>b₀</em>) decreases with the increase of bubble radius (<em>R_b</em>), and it will increase with the increase of Zr concentration (<em>C_Zr</em>) because of the higher energy entering the bubble. Using typical fission fragments (Sr, and I), it is found that the re-solution coefficient with small atomic numbers is higher than that of low-energy fission fragments with large atomic numbers. Further, we obtain the re-solution coefficient as a function of bubble radius and Zr concentration, and give the effective re-solution coefficients (<span><math><msubsup><mi>b</mi><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow><mo>′</mo></msubsup></math></span>) in the intermediate region and the inner region according to the available experimental data. The value of the intermediate region is close to that of existing model, while the re-solution coefficient in the inner region is 3 orders of magnitude higher. This also shows that the fission gas behaviors in different phases are obviously different, which need more atomic-scale calculations in future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19380,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms","volume":"560 ","pages":"Article 165623"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143160334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surface/interface investigation of positron diffusion in electrochemically reduced nanoporous Au from dealloyed nanoporous Au","authors":"C. Lakshmanan ,&nbsp;R.N. Viswanath ,&nbsp;Padmalochan Panda ,&nbsp;S. Amirthapandian ,&nbsp;R. Rajaraman","doi":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165624","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165624","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Positron lifetime measurements, variable energy positron beam Doppler broadening analyses, and electron microscopy studies were performed to investigate morphological evolution and its influence on positron diffusion behavior in electrochemically reduced nanoporous Au. Samples were obtained by potential cycling of as-dealloyed nanoporous Au within reduced potential intervals. Electron microscopy revealed significant morphological changes, resulting in a random structure composed of Au ligaments. Positron lifetime and S(E_P) measurements provided insights into effective diffusion length of positrons, which scaled with the ligament diameter with an exponent of ∼0.5, contrasting with the behavior observed in as-dealloyed nanoporous Au. Positronium fraction calculations showed preferentially positron diffusion toward the surfaces/interfaces of the ligament pore networks. Nanoindentation measurements of Young’s modulus correlated with the microstructure and defect characteristics of the reduced nanoporous Au. These findings enhance our understanding of how variations in vacancy defects associated with ligament surfaces/interfaces substantially impacts the mechanical properties of nanoporous Au assemblies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19380,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms","volume":"560 ","pages":"Article 165624"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143160316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of implantation and annealing temperatures on the irradiation damage in He2+ ion implanted 6H-SiC","authors":"Hang Zang,&nbsp;Heng Yu,&nbsp;Tao Wang,&nbsp;Fang Liu,&nbsp;Chuanhao Chen,&nbsp;Pingan Zhou,&nbsp;Tan Shi,&nbsp;Huan He,&nbsp;Wenbo Liu,&nbsp;Chaohui He","doi":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165611","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165611","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Single crystal 6H-SiC samples were implanted with He²⁺ ions to 5 × 10¹⁶ cm⁻² at 400 °C and 750 °C, and the sample implanted at 400 °C was subsequently annealed at 750 °C for 3 h in vacuum. These samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, UV–Visible spectrophotometry and transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that the lattice expansion, level of disorder and defect concentrations in the He-implanted 6H-SiC has decreased with increasing implantation temperature at the same dose. There was a reduced irradiation effect in the 6H-SiC irradiated at 400 °C and subsequently annealed at 750 °C compared to the sample solely irradiated at 750 °C to the same dose. This behavior was attributed to more stable defect clusters and enhanced He trapping at defects in the latter sample. Possible He bubble effects cannot be excluded. In addition, the temperature effect on defect recovery in the dynamic annealing during irradiation and post-irradiation annealing was discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19380,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms","volume":"560 ","pages":"Article 165611"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143160335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analytical model of light ions reflection from solids","authors":"V.P. Afanas’ev,&nbsp;L.G. Lobanova","doi":"10.1016/j.nimb.2024.165610","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nimb.2024.165610","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The paper presents an analytical theory for describing the angular and energy distributions of medium energies light ions reflected from solids. This analytical theory is based on the phenomenological method of electrons reflection from solids named Oswald-Kasper-Gaukler method (OKG), which was successfully verified for electron spectroscopy. It is shown, that OKG method is based on the solution of boundary value problem for the transfer equation using the invariant imbedding method in the small-angle approximation. The main advantage of OKG method is an opportunity for the description of atomic particles reflection processes from solids by means of spherical harmonics method. Presented analytical formulas determine all scattering characteristics of reflected particles using dimensionless parameter, which is the ratio of the residual range to the transport length, and differential elastic cross section <em>ω</em>_el(<em>n</em>₀,<em>n</em>). Energy losses of ions in solids are calculated using Fokker-Plank approximation. Differential elastic cross sections are calculated in first Born approximation using Kr-C potential. The value of the parameter which determines the differential elastic cross section on small angles is determined by the ratio of the de Broglie wavelength of incidence particle to the screening radius <em>a</em> = 0.8853<em>a</em>₀(<em>Z</em>₁^1/2 + <em>Z</em>₂^1/2)^-2/3, where <em>a</em>₀ – first Bohr radius and was corrected in the range determined in Moliere works.</div><div>For elastic scattering of protons, the path length distribution function (PLDF) was found. The function was tested by comparison with the results of computer simulations performed using the binary-collision simulation program SPIM-L. Analytical results are also compared with experimental angular and energy spectra of 0.1–30 keV protons reflected from Be, C, Al, Ti, Ni, Cu and W targets. Satisfactory agreement between the theoretical and experimental results was found.</div><div>For the ions initial energies of hundreds of eV energy spectra of reflected protons were compared with results of computer simulation by means of MARLOWE program. The satisfactory agreement between the analytical, experimental and simulation results means the opportunity of the description not only electron scattering processes, but also the processes of light ions reflection from solids by means of OKG method.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19380,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms","volume":"560 ","pages":"Article 165610"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143160336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of changes in surface composition and morphology of GaAs irradiated with different energies protons","authors":"Xueting Liu ,&nbsp;Binghuang Duan ,&nbsp;Haoxiang Xue ,&nbsp;Ashan Ejaz ,&nbsp;Tieshan Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.nimb.2024.165609","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nimb.2024.165609","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gallium arsenide (GaAs) is a direct bandgap semiconductor material known for its excellent radiation resistance. This study investigates the radiation effects on both intrinsic GaAs and n-type GaAs. The samples were irradiated with 100 keV and 2 MeV protons at fluence ranging from 6 × 10¹⁴p/cm² to 1 × 10¹⁶p/cm². The chemical components and surface morphology were characterized by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). The XPS results show that proton irradiation changed the chemical composition of the GaAs surface. AFM analysis revealed that proton irradiation induced the formation of hillocks and craters on the GaAs surface, which further merged with increasing fluence. Notably, the surface damage resulting from 100 keV proton irradiation was more severe than that caused by 2 MeV protons. Compared to intrinsic GaAs, n-type GaAs exhibits worse radiation resistance of structural stability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19380,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms","volume":"560 ","pages":"Article 165609"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143160339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cellular uptake of gold nanoparticles in glioblastoma cells revealed by μ-PIXE","authors":"Henrique Fonteles ,&nbsp;T.S. Klippel ,&nbsp;Daphne Tórgo ,&nbsp;Felipe F. Selau ,&nbsp;Bárbara Konrad ,&nbsp;Daniel L. Baptista ,&nbsp;Jonder Morais ,&nbsp;Maria do Carmo Martins Alves ,&nbsp;Guido Lenz ,&nbsp;Johnny F. Dias ,&nbsp;Pedro L. Grande","doi":"10.1016/j.nimb.2024.165607","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nimb.2024.165607","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The use of NPs has increased massively in numerous fields, including environmental sciences, electronics, and medicine. Because of their unique physical, optical, and biological capabilities, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are of considerable interest. These nanoparticles have distinct properties that make them useful as nanoprobes for imaging and nanocarriers for efficient drug delivery systems, for example. To harness their full potential in the biomedical area, it is crucial to accurately characterize their size, shape, and biological activity. In this study, the <span><math><mi>μ</mi></math></span>-PIXE technique has been employed to investigate the cellular uptake of these nanoparticles upon interaction with the U87 glioblastoma cell line. This analysis provided information on the internalization and distribution of nanoparticles within the cellular environment. To evaluate the cytotoxic effects of the AuNPs, the MTT assay was performed. This widely used method allows for the assessment of cell viability in the presence of nanoparticles. Lastly, their size was also measured by scanning electron microscopy, yielding a mean diameter of 18 ± 5 nm, which agreed well with previous MEIS results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19380,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms","volume":"560 ","pages":"Article 165607"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143160314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geant4 simulation of electron beam penetration behavior in textile artifacts matrix","authors":"Sijia Li ,&nbsp;Lingtong Yan ,&nbsp;Heyang Sun ,&nbsp;Xiangqian Feng ,&nbsp;Li Li","doi":"10.1016/j.nimb.2024.165603","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nimb.2024.165603","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Textile relics are susceptible to microbial infestation, making sterilization imperative. Electron beam irradiation offers an eco-friendly solution. In practical operations, work distance of electron beam source, irradiation dose, and electron energy all influence sterilization efficacy and the integrity of artifact matrix. By utilizing Geant4 simulations, we studied the interaction between electron beams and the matrix of textiles (protein and cellulose) under different irradiation conditions. For low-energy electron beams, the irradiation distance in a nitrogen atmosphere significantly affects the energy deposition rate with a constant matrix thickness. When the energy is below 1 MeV, both the electron energy and the work distance notably influence the energy deposition rate of the beam. As the energy increases beyond 1 MeV, this influence becomes less significant. Additionally, the depth of 99% energy deposition is less than 1 mm for protein at electron energies below 0.4 MeV and for cellulose below 0.45 MeV.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19380,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms","volume":"560 ","pages":"Article 165603"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143160338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}