Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms最新文献

{"title":"Influence of 1 MeV equivalent neutron irradiation on electrical and spectral properties of GaInP/GaAs/Ge solar cells","authors":"Rongxing Cao ,&nbsp;Lei Cao ,&nbsp;Dongping Yang ,&nbsp;Gang Guo ,&nbsp;Yanwen Zhang ,&nbsp;Bo Li ,&nbsp;Yuxiong Xue","doi":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165760","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165760","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>GaInP/GaAs/Ge triple-junction solar cells have served as primary satellite power sources for two decades owing to their high conversion efficiency. However, atmospheric neutrons and those generated by nuclear-powered spacecraft (e.g., in Mars exploration) induce displacement damage, degrading cell performance. Existing studies lack microscopic-scale mechanistic interpretations of neutron radiation damage. Here, we investigated the neutron irradiation damage behavior and the underlying mechanism through the combination of experiment and simulation. It is found that there is a larger degradation of electrical characteristics with the increase of neutron fluence and the displacement damage mainly occurs in GaAs middle cell. Utilizing the neutron irradiation defect model obtained by the joint Geant4 and TCAD simulation, the carrier concentration distribution shows a more severe degradation in GaAs middle cell. Moreover, according to the recombination rate distribution and energy band structure distribution, it is found that the defect mechanism may change under high neutron fluence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19380,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms","volume":"565 ","pages":"Article 165760"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144185632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of 12C-enriched irradiation-resistant diamond targets for astrophysical 12C(α,γ)16O reaction measurements","authors":"Jing-Yu Dong ,&nbsp;Li-Feng Liang ,&nbsp;Wei Nan ,&nbsp;Yang-Ping Shen ,&nbsp;Jun-Jun Wei ,&nbsp;Jun Su ,&nbsp;Si-Ze Chen ,&nbsp;Xin Chen ,&nbsp;Dan Xiao ,&nbsp;Yong Zhang ,&nbsp;Hao Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhi-Lin Shen ,&nbsp;Shen Lin ,&nbsp;Fu-Qiang Cao ,&nbsp;Yu-Chen Jiang ,&nbsp;Yu-Wen Chen ,&nbsp;Zi-Ming Li ,&nbsp;Xin-Zhi Jiang ,&nbsp;Yao-De Sheng ,&nbsp;Chang-Xin Guo ,&nbsp;Wei-Ping Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165742","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165742","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The ¹²<span><math><mi>C</mi></math></span> <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>α</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>γ</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span>¹⁶<span><math><mi>O</mi></math></span> reaction plays a pivotal role in nuclear astrophysics research. The direct measurement of this reaction remains particularly challenging due to its extremely low cross section (approximately <span><math><mrow><mn>1</mn><msup><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>17</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> barn at 300 keV) within the Gamow window. This study addresses the critical need for irradiation-resistant ¹²<span><math><mi>C</mi></math></span>-enriched targets to enable accurate measurements. We successfully fabricated a ¹²<span><math><mi>C</mi></math></span>-enriched diamond target on molybdenum substrate through Microwave Plasma Chemical Vapor Deposition (MPCVD), demonstrating remarkable stability under high-intensity proton beam irradiation. Experimental results revealed only a 1.8% decrease in the ¹²<span><math><mi>C</mi></math></span> <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>p</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>γ</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span>¹³<span><math><mi>N</mi></math></span> reaction yield in the ¹²<span><math><mi>C</mi></math></span> layer following proton bombardment at 270 keV with 2 mA beam current and a total accumulated charge of 124.2 C, indicating a significant improvement compared to conventional carbon targets. Isotopic analysis confirmed a ¹³<span><math><mi>C</mi></math></span>/¹²<span><math><mi>C</mi></math></span> ratio of <span><math><mrow><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>9</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>7</mn><mo>±</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>3</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow><mo>×</mo><mn>1</mn><msup><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>5</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>, verifying the absence of contamination during MPCVD processing. Additionally, we developed a novel nuclear-reaction-based methodology for quantifying hydrogen content in thin films, establishing an upper limit of 0.058% (95% confidence level) for hydrogen concentration in the diamond target. The combined irradiation resistance and isotopic purity of this target meet the stringent requirements for direct ¹²<span><math><mi>C</mi></math></span> <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>α</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>γ</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span>¹⁶<span><math><mi>O</mi></math></span> reaction measurements in astrophysical environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19380,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms","volume":"565 ","pages":"Article 165742"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144169515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrosion and metallographic insights into lead-based artefacts from Khirbet Yajuz, Jordan","authors":"Ahmad N. Abu-Baker","doi":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165754","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165754","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study analysed three lead-based archaeological artefacts from Khirbet Yajuz, Jordan: a hook, a steelyard weight, and a stone pendant with a lead-alloy bail. X-ray diffraction identified lead corrosion products, including litharge, cerussite, hydrocerussite, phosphohedyphane, and cotunnite, across the three artefacts, along with the tin corrosion product cassiterite in the pendant’s bail and soapstone-associated minerals in the pendant’s stone. SEM-EDX revealed the hook’s pure lead composition, the weight’s low-tin pewter, and the pendant’s bail as a near-eutectic lead–tin alloy. EDX mapping showed elemental distribution across corrosion layers and original materials. Metallographic analysis highlighted α-Pb dendrites, recrystallized lead-rich α-crystals, and tin-rich β-grains. These findings provide insights into corrosion mechanisms, burial impacts, and manufacturing techniques.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19380,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms","volume":"565 ","pages":"Article 165754"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144138629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of imprint mold with F+ ion implantation for detachability","authors":"Kazuki Komiya ,&nbsp;Yoshikazu Teranishi ,&nbsp;Hidehiko Yamaoka ,&nbsp;Shuichi Date ,&nbsp;Ming Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165753","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165753","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, F⁺ ions were implanted into SiO<em>x</em> films using an accelerator to improve the peelability of nanoimprints. Various properties, including wettability, surface roughness, lateral friction force, and surface hardness, were evaluated. The results indicated that increasing the implantation dose of F⁺ ions improved the transverse friction coefficient but decreased the surface hardness. It was also determined that an implantation dose of 1.0 × 10¹⁴ ions/cm² was optimal for hydrophobicity because of an increased surface roughness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19380,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms","volume":"565 ","pages":"Article 165753"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144123777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel energy-filtered implantation technique for field stop formation in silicon power devices","authors":"Robert Koch ,&nbsp;Stefanie Eckner ,&nbsp;Marcel Gerold ,&nbsp;Shavkat Akhmadaliev ,&nbsp;Michael Rüb","doi":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165715","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165715","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors (IGBTs) power devices require high blocking capability, low on-resistance as well as adaptable switching behaviour. The technique presented in this work aims to realize continuous deep (<span><math><mrow><mo>&gt;</mo><mn>40</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>μ</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow></math></span>) n-type profiles as field stop structures in high voltage silicon IGBTs (1200 V) to adjust the switching capability. Hydrogen-related donor (HD) defect complexes perform as n-type dopants in single crystalline silicon. Up to now, these IGBT field stop profiles are generated using multiple high energy (up to <span><math><mrow><mn>2</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>MeV</mi></mrow></math></span>) implantation steps. In contrast, we achieve continuous deep HD profiles in a single implantation step by inserting a micro-patterned silicon membrane (energy filter) into the primary ion beam at an energy of <span><math><mrow><mn>2</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>5</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>MeV</mi></mrow></math></span> to provide a beam with a broad customized energy distribution. In this work, we investigate how filter structure, implanted fluence <span><math><mi>Φ</mi></math></span> (from <span><math><mrow><mn>1</mn><msup><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>13</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> cm⁻² to <span><math><mrow><mn>5</mn><mo>×</mo><mn>1</mn><msup><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>15</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> cm⁻²) and annealing conditions affect the depth distribution of HD defect complexes. We found that the electrically active dose divided by the implanted fluence before the energy filter, depends on the pattern type of the membrane (long grooves or squares), the implanted fluence and the annealing hold temperature (<span><math><mrow><mn>320</mn><msup><mrow><mspace></mspace></mrow><mrow><mo>∘</mo></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>C to <span><math><mrow><mn>420</mn><msup><mrow><mspace></mspace></mrow><mrow><mo>∘</mo></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>C).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19380,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms","volume":"565 ","pages":"Article 165715"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144099221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the L X ray satellite emissions of zirconium through wavelength Dispersion X ray fluorescence (WDXRF) analysis","authors":"Penta Sowjanya ,&nbsp;Balireddy Vasundhara ,&nbsp;Dasari Kishore Babu ,&nbsp;Suresh Maddila ,&nbsp;Ponnada Tejeswara Rao ,&nbsp;Ram Kumar Nodagala","doi":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165740","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165740","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The technique known as Electron Probe Microanalysis (EPMA) is used to precisely identify the elemental composition of small regions in solid materials. A concentrated electron beam is directed onto the sample, producing distinctive X-rays in the process. After that, the elements’ presence and concentration in the material are ascertained by analyzing these X-rays. For this analyzing purpose, Wavelength<!--> <!-->dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) is used because of its high accuracy compared to Energy dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (EDXRF). In this work zirconium foil is analyzed and the experimental values to the theoretical energies of these satellite lines was confirmed using the literature by using WDXRF. And using two crystal changers, Poly Ethylene Terephthalate (PET) and Extended selection of Germanium Crystal (XS-Ge), WDXRF was used to compare the theoretical values from X-Ray Data to the experimental values from the WDXRF Technique, and found the transitions of L₂O₁ and L₃O₁ experimental values which are not found theoretically, chemical effect, such as energy shift, intensity ratio, and transition energy corresponding to emission X-ray intensity and their respective functions of zirconium foil.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19380,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms","volume":"565 ","pages":"Article 165740"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144090236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Results from the Zurich sea water (ZSW) intercomparison study for U- and Pu-isotopes","authors":"Marcus Christl,&nbsp;Habacuc Perez-Tribouillier,&nbsp;Philip Gautschi","doi":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165750","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165750","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Approximately 350L of sea water samples were collected to prepare a large volume (Zurich Sea Water, ZSW) intercomparison sample for ²³⁶U and other actinides. Here we report the results of the intercomparison study for U- and Pu-isotopes. ZSW was processed in six different chemistry labs and measured on five AMS systems and one MC-ICP-MS system, respectively. The analysis of the reported U-isotopic data shows that the scatter, indicated by the one sigma uncertainty for a single measurement, of the ²³⁶U/²³⁸U ratios and the ^{236, 238}U-concentrations is 5 % and 3 %, respectively. A Chi-squared analysis shows that the external error (lab-scatter) is 1–2 % and 3 % for the ^{236, 238}U-concentrations and the ²³⁶U/²³⁸U ratios, respectively.</div><div>The fact that ZSW has been characterized by many different (A)MS labs makes it a valuable internal standard for quality control for the analysis of anthropogenic U- and Pu-isotopes in seawater.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19380,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms","volume":"565 ","pages":"Article 165750"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144083933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy and profile of the proton beam of the IBA Cyclone 18/9","authors":"Marek Zmeškal ,&nbsp;Petr Burian ,&nbsp;Michal Košťál ,&nbsp;Tomáš Czakoj ,&nbsp;Tomáš Peltan ,&nbsp;Jan Šimon ,&nbsp;Pavel Broulím ,&nbsp;Ondřej Růžička ,&nbsp;Šimon Vadják","doi":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165710","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165710","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The characteristics of the proton beam produced by the IBA Cyclone 18/9 medical cyclotron were investigated, focusing on its energy and profile. The proton beam energy was measured as <span><math><mrow><mn>18</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>25</mn><mo>±</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>25</mn></mrow></math></span> <!--> <!-->MeV using activation foil detectors. The beam profile was characterized using the Timepix3 based detector, revealing a Gaussian distribution with consistent widths and slight asymmetry in the horizontal plane. This study presents a straightforward methodology for evaluating cyclotron beam parameters using activation foils and pixel detectors, providing a tool for optimizing target design and expanding the applications of medical cyclotrons beyond radiopharmaceutical production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19380,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms","volume":"565 ","pages":"Article 165710"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144090235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"VHEE facilities in Europe with the potential for FLASH dose irradiation: Conspectus and dose rate parameterisation","authors":"Kristina L. Small ,&nbsp;Deepa Angal-Kalinin ,&nbsp;James K. Jones ,&nbsp;Roger M. Jones","doi":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165752","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165752","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Very High Energy Electrons (VHEE) are gaining significant interest in combination with FLASH radiotherapy as a potential cancer treatment with potential reduction in side effects. This study reviews European VHEE facilities, their FLASH capabilities and applications to radiobiological research, with study objectives:<ul><li><span>1.</span><span><div>Determining FLASH capabilities through Monte Carlo beam modelling and fitting to analytical functions.</div></span></li><li><span>2.</span><span><div>Assessing VHEE facility infrastructure suitability for radiobiological research.</div></span></li></ul>Parameter variation studies were performed to determine dose dependency on beam dimension and source-to-surface distance (SSD). The dose rate was calculated from surface dose, linearly scaled based on the beamline. Empirical dose rate functions were developed, with an average discrepancy &lt; 3 % between simulation and fit data. Dose rates were compared to the FLASH threshold of 40 Gy/s.</div><div>Further parameter and infrastructure considerations provided an overview of each facility’s radiobiological experiment capabilities, providing researchers with a useful resource in designing and planning of future VHEE-FLASH experiments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19380,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms","volume":"565 ","pages":"Article 165752"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144072531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NXSIM: A normalized XRF standardless iterative simulation method for qualitative and quantitative XRF analysis via MCNP","authors":"K. Yavaş,&nbsp;O. Toker,&nbsp;Ö. Akcali,&nbsp;O. İçelli","doi":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165739","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165739","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A normalized XRF standardless iterative simulation method (NXSIM) is proposed. Various methods are available to perform quantitative analysis with the XRF method. Many of these methods have laborious and costly processes that require sample preparations, specific reference materials, and repeated measurements. For such reasons, researchers continue to search for methods that provide more accurate and faster results. The main goals of this study are to obtain much faster results with acceptable accuracy by eliminating the need for repeated experimental measurements and reference samples. In this study, XRF spectrometry simulations were carried out with the scattering geometry designed in the MCNP 6.2 code system. The obtained results were used to perform quantitative analysis for experimentally prepared samples. After six samples with different element content and composition were prepared by the press pellet method, XRF spectra were obtained experimentally. Simulations were run with random element weight percentages using the elements in the sample. The elemental compositions of the samples were determined by the iteration method developed from the simulation results and experimental results. According to the results obtained, it has been demonstrated that XRF quantitative analysis can be performed by NXSIM with acceptable precision and accuracy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19380,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms","volume":"565 ","pages":"Article 165739"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144071148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}