Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms最新文献

Atmospheric pollution derived from PM2.5 particles produced in fireworks burning events in Mexico City 墨西哥城燃放烟花活动产生的PM2.5颗粒造成的大气污染

IF 1.4 3区物理与天体物理

Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms Pub Date : 2025-05-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165699

Francisca Aldape , Javier Flores-Maldonado , Javier Flores-Aldape , Olivia Rivera-Hernández

{"title":"Atmospheric pollution derived from PM2.5 particles produced in fireworks burning events in Mexico City","authors":"Francisca Aldape , Javier Flores-Maldonado , Javier Flores-Aldape , Olivia Rivera-Hernández","doi":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165699","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165699","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fireworks (FW) burnings have attracted the attention of the scientific community because of the potential risks they pose to the environment and human health. In the Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA) and in its surroundings, FW burnings are displayed during local celebrations, depositing large amounts of smoke and fine particles into the atmosphere. That is the case of Christmas and New Year’s Eve celebrations, when FW are sequentially displayed in many countries around the world according to their time zones, causing a global effect. In this study, PM<sub>2.5</sub> samples were collected simultaneously from seven strategic sampling sites in the MCMA during Christmas and New Year’s Eve from 2005 to 2010, when FW burning events occurred, and most of the mass concentrations exceeded by a factor of 2–3 times the Mexican Air Quality Standard (NOM) of 65 μg/m<sup>3</sup> in 24 h (value level at the time of sampling). A set of 77 samples were analyzed by Particle induced X-ray emission (PIXE) to determine their elemental concentrations. Fifteen elements (S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, As, Br, Ba, Pb) were identified in the samples, six of them (Cl, K, Ca, Cr, Cu, Ba) with high concentrations in comparison to samples collected during normal days, when no pyrotechnics were displayed. Ba was found with very high concentrations during these events in comparison with ordinary days, when it barely reached its minimum detection limit. So, it was recognized as the best FW tracer for this study. Several pairs of elements showed good correlations in most of the years under study, which allowed us to infer the presence of some characteristic chemical compounds of the gunpowder used locally.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19380,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms","volume":"564 ","pages":"Article 165699"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143903922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exploration of novel structure for high-power X-ray converter 大功率x射线变换器新结构的探索

IF 1.4 3区物理与天体物理

Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms Pub Date : 2025-05-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165718

Taiyan Chen , Jushigang Yuan , Xihao Chen , Zhiyan Chen , Shuai Hao , Jiang Huang

{"title":"Exploration of novel structure for high-power X-ray converter","authors":"Taiyan Chen , Jushigang Yuan , Xihao Chen , Zhiyan Chen , Shuai Hao , Jiang Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165718","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165718","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The conversion of electron beams into X-rays with high penetration capability is an important technique in radiation processing. Previous designs of high-power X-ray converters sacrificed conversion efficiency to achieve high heat dissipation. In this study, a novel high-power converter structure was developed to improve the conversion efficiency of X-rays and reduce energy deposition in the converter. The structure involves vacuum welding of a tantalum plate onto a tooth-shaped copper plate with uniform thickness and forming multiple trapezoidal grooves between the tantalum and copper layers to serve as cooling channels. Geant4 simulation was employed to evaluate the power conversion when the converter was subjected to electron beam bombardment. The optimized converter reduced the loss of X-rays passing through it. Finite element analysis was performed to assess the temperature and deformation of the converter and determine the cooling parameters required to meet operational requirements. Based on the converter structure developed in this study, three potential tantalum–copper connection processes were analyzed, revealing superior performances with vacuum brazing. The novel X-ray converter has now been manufactured and assembled.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19380,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms","volume":"564 ","pages":"Article 165718"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143895415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Alpha particle thermoluminescence in LiF:Mg,Ti in the framework of conduction band/valence band dynamics 导带/价带动力学框架下LiF:Mg，Ti中的α粒子热释光

IF 1.4 3区物理与天体物理

Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165711

G. Reshes , L. Oster , A. Shapiro , B. Herman , S. Biderman , H. Einav , I. Eliyahu , D. Nemirovsky , Y.S. Horowitz

{"title":"Alpha particle thermoluminescence in LiF:Mg,Ti in the framework of conduction band/valence band dynamics","authors":"G. Reshes , L. Oster , A. Shapiro , B. Herman , S. Biderman , H. Einav , I. Eliyahu , D. Nemirovsky , Y.S. Horowitz","doi":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165711","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165711","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Kinetic models of thermoluminescence (TL) glow curves and dose response are based on the assumption that electrons and holes released from trapping centers during heating are thermally elevated to the conduction band (CB) and valence band (VB) where they are completely delocalized. The implication is that during heating the released charge carriers can recombine with the entire population of charges of the opposite sign. In the experiments described herein the CB/VB delocalization of the charge carriers preceding recombination is investigated by alpha particle irradiation of 0.1 mm and 0.9 mm samples of LiF:Mg,Ti (TLD-100). Following irradiation some trapped electrons escape from the alpha particle tracks during readout. Since the Bragg peak occurs at a depth of ∼10<sup>4</sup> Å, the alpha particle track serves as a source of low energy electrons limited to this depth of penetration. The sum of the two glow curves following irradiation on opposite sides of the sample is compared with the single glow curve obtained following irradiation on both sides. In the latter geometry, the electrons escaping the tracks, if delocalized, will be able to recombine with the charge carrier distribution on the opposite side of the sample, thereby altering the intensity and shape of the TL glow curve. The results do not reveal evidence for such behaviour and are in conflict with kinetic models involving CB/VB delocalization preceding recombination.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19380,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms","volume":"564 ","pages":"Article 165711"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143890544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Optimization of discharge cavity for transient hollow-cathode electron beam source: Enhancing efficiency and stability in material irradiation processing 瞬态空心阴极电子束源放电腔的优化：提高材料辐照加工的效率和稳定性

IF 1.4 3区物理与天体物理

Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms Pub Date : 2025-04-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165720

Weiguo He , Weijie Huo , Xinxin Duan , Feng Wang , Jianqiang Hu

{"title":"Optimization of discharge cavity for transient hollow-cathode electron beam source: Enhancing efficiency and stability in material irradiation processing","authors":"Weiguo He , Weijie Huo , Xinxin Duan , Feng Wang , Jianqiang Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165720","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165720","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To improve the efficiency of the nanosecond-pulsed electron beam for material irradiation processing, a systematic experimental study of the evolution parameters of the discharge plasma is conducted. A new design is put into practice by stacking and isolating the insulating sheets while the anomalous discharge properties, typically the flashover discharge from the beam source, are investigated experimentally. The improved design raises the total hold-off voltage of the apparatus and enhances electron beam-generating stability. Furthermore, it is shown that when the breakdown voltage is increased from 12 kV to 20 kV, the inductance decreases from 356 nH to 323.1 nH, and the resistance of the discharge cavity ranges between 3.8 Ω and 3.7 Ω. The experimental results further demonstrate that the cathode hole-induced shift in gas pressure significantly alters the discharge pattern. In comparison to the glow discharge, there is a noticeable rise in the discharge current and a significant compression in the breakdown time. Conversely, the size effect on discharge is reduced when the hollow cathode cavity length is beyond a certain threshold. As indicated by the experimental studies, transient current variations are the primary cause of the electromagnetic radiation property of the hollow-cathode discharge beam source.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19380,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms","volume":"564 ","pages":"Article 165720"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143882520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Investigation of the interactions of highly energetic particulate radiations with boron nitride nanotubes 高能粒子辐射与氮化硼纳米管相互作用的研究

IF 1.4 3区物理与天体物理

Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms Pub Date : 2025-04-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165719

Duy Khoe Dinh , Eunkwang Park , Hye-Ran Jeon , Jaewoo Kim

{"title":"Investigation of the interactions of highly energetic particulate radiations with boron nitride nanotubes","authors":"Duy Khoe Dinh , Eunkwang Park , Hye-Ran Jeon , Jaewoo Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165719","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165719","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Boron nitride nanotubes (BNNT) have been widely recognized as one of the most promising nanomaterials for cosmic radiation shielding due to their exceptional radiation-shielding effectiveness in addition to their excellent thermal and mechanical properties, while the investigations of highly energetic particles (ranging from MeV to GeV levels in the cosmic environment) irradiation on BNNT have not been conducted. In this study, the irradiations of 100 MeV protons (the most popular particles in the galactic cosmic ray) and 200 keV argon and nitrogen ions on BNNT were conducted experimentally, followed by theoretical assessments. Variousanalytical means were employedto characterize the BNNT structures before and after the irradiation, presenting the slightly disordered structures of BNNT after the ion beam irradiation. The numbers of atom displacements creating the BNNT structural damage were estimated based on the Stopping and Range of Ions in Matter (SRIM) program. In addition, the detailed interaction mechanism of high-energy particles with BNNT was also explored using the Particle and Heavy Ion Transport Code Systems (PHITS). The analyses show that the decrease in the crystallinity of BNNT after the irradiation primarily resulted from kinetic energy transfer from high-energy ions to B and N atoms, leading to lattice displacement and bond breakage. This investigation provides an essential insight into the BNNT feasibility under the cosmic radiation environment dominated by high-energy ions and protons.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19380,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms","volume":"564 ","pages":"Article 165719"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143882519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Yield behavior of ion-irradiated metal and alloys measured by nanoindentation 用纳米压痕测量离子辐照金属和合金的屈服行为

IF 1.4 3区物理与天体物理

Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms Pub Date : 2025-04-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165717

Pingping Liu , Qian Zhan , Farong Wan

引用次数: 0

TCAD evaluation of single-event burnout and hardening strategies in NiO/β-Ga2O3 heterojunction junction barrier Schottky diodes NiO/β-Ga2O3异质结结势垒肖特基二极管单事件烧蚀和硬化策略的TCAD评价

IF 1.4 3区物理与天体物理

Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms Pub Date : 2025-04-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165713

Tao Wang, Yiwu Qiu, Pei Yang, Lili Zhang, Yanan Yin, Xinjie Zhou

{"title":"TCAD evaluation of single-event burnout and hardening strategies in NiO/β-Ga2O3 heterojunction junction barrier Schottky diodes","authors":"Tao Wang, Yiwu Qiu, Pei Yang, Lili Zhang, Yanan Yin, Xinjie Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165713","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165713","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The single-event burnout (SEB) behavior of conventional NiO/β-Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> heterojunction junction barrier Schottky (C-JBS) diode is investigated, and a multi-buffer trench NiO/β-Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> heterojunction JBS (MBT-JBS) diode is proposed to enhance SEB tolerance. In C-JBS diodes, SEB-sensitive regions are at the metal/β-Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and N<sup>−</sup>/N<sup>+</sup> interfaces. To address this, the MBT-JBS structure uses a trench design and a lower Schottky barrier height to improve hole extraction at the metal/β-Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> interface, reducing hole accumulation and mitigating electric field-induced heating. The trench also creates a potential difference in the drift and NiO regions, allowing holes to migrate into the NiO region, thereby reducing the risk of SEB. Under a reverse bias of 300 V, the peak temperature at the metal/β-Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> interface drops by 70 % under heavy-ion irradiation (LET = 37). The multi-layer buffer also eliminates hotspots at the N<sup>−</sup>/N<sup>+</sup> interface, and the MBT-JBS structure withstands an LET of 60 at 400 V without SEB.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19380,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms","volume":"564 ","pages":"Article 165713"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143879031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Research on neutron spectrum reconstruction methods based on space neutron spectrometer 基于空间中子谱仪的中子谱重建方法研究

IF 1.4 3区物理与天体物理

Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms Pub Date : 2025-04-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165712

Yujie Qiao , Lei Wang , Wanlin Li , Yafei Han , Jinfeng Lv , Mingfa Xu , Shuo Zhang , Jun Wang , Kaihong Fang

{"title":"Research on neutron spectrum reconstruction methods based on space neutron spectrometer","authors":"Yujie Qiao , Lei Wang , Wanlin Li , Yafei Han , Jinfeng Lv , Mingfa Xu , Shuo Zhang , Jun Wang , Kaihong Fang","doi":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165712","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165712","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The measurement of space neutron energy spectra faces significant uncertainty in spectrum unfolding for neutron detectors due to the lack of prior information. This work proposes a spectrum unfolding method combining a Backpropagation (BP) neural network with iterative or maximum entropy techniques, which can effectively enhance the accuracy of space neutron energy spectrum reconstruction. Traditional neural network-based unfolding methods are often limited by the small size of available datasets, which restricts their accuracy. This work expands the neural network dataset through linear superposition of common neutron energy spectra, achieving better reconstruction results. However, the model showed poor robustness to noise and could not effectively handle noise interference. To address this, the study further improved the training process by considering the impact of noise, enhancing the model’s performance in noisy environments, and ultimately achieving more ideal spectral reconstruction results. Finally, based on the neural network as a prior spectrum, combined with iterative methods and the maximum entropy method, a neutron spectrum deconvolution scheme suitable for space neutron spectrometer was proposed, which can effectively reconstruct the neutron spectrum and provide a feasible solution for practical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19380,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms","volume":"564 ","pages":"Article 165712"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143879030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Radiation shielding properties of tungsten alloy multileaf collimator materials in linear accelerator 直线加速器中钨合金多叶准直材料的辐射屏蔽性能

IF 1.4 3区物理与天体物理

Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms Pub Date : 2025-04-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165709

K. Srinivasan

引用次数: 0

Probing the synergistic impacts of different lead halides in MoO3-Borobismuthate glass systems for improved radiation-blocking and rigidity features 探索不同卤化铅对moo3 -硼铋酸盐玻璃系统的协同影响，以改善辐射阻隔和刚性特性

IF 1.4 3区物理与天体物理

Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms Pub Date : 2025-04-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165708

Hassan Hanafy , K. Chandra Sekhar , Reda Elsaman , K.A. Aly , Nissamudeen , M. Alhabradi , G. Nagaraju , Mohd Shakir Khan , Yasser B. Saddeek

{"title":"Probing the synergistic impacts of different lead halides in MoO3-Borobismuthate glass systems for improved radiation-blocking and rigidity features","authors":"Hassan Hanafy , K. Chandra Sekhar , Reda Elsaman , K.A. Aly , Nissamudeen , M. Alhabradi , G. Nagaraju , Mohd Shakir Khan , Yasser B. Saddeek","doi":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165708","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165708","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The work explores the effect of three lead halides, PbX<sub>2</sub> (X = F, Cl, Br), on the radiation-shielding and mechanical properties of Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-MoO<sub>3</sub>-B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> glasses. These high-density glasses may be potential candidates for radiation-based technologies. The analysis of the results shows that in the photon energy ranges of 0.015–15 MeV, the PbBr<sub>2</sub>-rich samples with 20 mol% present high shielding parameters such as linear attenuation coefficient (LAC = 468 cm<sup>−1</sup>), mass attenuation coefficient (MAC = 95.6 cm<sup>2</sup>/g) at 0.015 MeV, effective atomic number (Z<sub>eff</sub> = 88.5), and electron density (N<sub>eff</sub> = 8.96 electron/cm<sup>3</sup>) at 0.1 MeV. Furthermore, the increase in the concentrations of PbX<sub>2</sub>, particularly in the glass containing 20 mol% of PbBr<sub>2</sub>, presents a good correlation between density and enhanced cross-link density. This relationship reflects an increment in the calculated elastic moduli through two theoretical models, indicating improved mechanical properties by incorporating various concentrations of PbX<sub>2</sub> with adjustments based on halide type.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19380,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms","volume":"563 ","pages":"Article 165708"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143863827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0