Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms最新文献

{"title":"Towards AMS measurements of 91Nb, 94Nb and 93Mo produced in fusion environment","authors":"Carlos Vivo-Vilches ,&nbsp;Esad Hrnjic ,&nbsp;Martin Martschini ,&nbsp;Kyra Altindag ,&nbsp;Lee W. Packer ,&nbsp;Robin Golser ,&nbsp;Karin Hain","doi":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165847","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165847","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Long-lived radionuclides, such as ⁹¹Nb, ⁹⁴Nb and ⁹³Mo, are expected to be produced in nuclear fusion reactors by reactions of high-energy neutrons with the structural material. Accurate predictions of waste categorization require experimental validation of simulation codes like FISPACT-II. This work explores the use of Ion-Laser InterAction Mass Spectrometry (ILIAMS) at the Vienna Environmental Research Accelerator (VERA) to measure these three radionuclides by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS). The ILIAMS setup employs laser photodetachment to suppress their respective stable isobars: ⁹¹Zr, ⁹⁴Zr and ⁹⁴Mo, and ⁹³Nb.</div><div>For ^91,94Nb measurements, NbO₃⁻ is selected, with interferences from ZrO₃⁻ suppressed by collisions with the He buffer gas in the ion cooler. The suppression can be enhanced by overlapping a 355 nm laser with the ion beam. The lower limit for the suppression factor is 37000. In that way, we reach ⁹¹Zr/⁹³Nb and ⁹⁴Zr/⁹³Nb levels of 1.2 × 10⁻¹⁴ and 1.8 × 10⁻¹⁴, respectively, in targets prepared from commercial Nb₂O₅. MoO₃⁻ is suppressed by a factor of 4360, leading to a ⁹⁴Mo/⁹³Nb interference of 1.28 × 10⁻¹⁰ in the same targets.</div><div>For ⁹³Mo measurements, MoO₂⁻ is selected, with interference from NbO₂⁻ suppressed by 637 nm photons by a factor of 5.5 × 10⁶. This results in a ⁹³Nb/^natMo level of 1.3 × 10⁻¹³ in targets prepared from commercial MoO₃.</div><div>Suppression factors as high as this are not achieved by isobar suppression techniques based on differences in energy loss, not even by AMS facilities with terminal voltages above 8.5 MV.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19380,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms","volume":"568 ","pages":"Article 165847"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144916639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"X-ray simulations with gVXR in education, digital twining, experiment planning, and data analysis","authors":"Franck P. Vidal ,&nbsp;Shaghayegh Afshari ,&nbsp;Sharif Ahmed ,&nbsp;Alberto Albiol ,&nbsp;Francisco Albiol ,&nbsp;Éric Béchet ,&nbsp;Alberto Corbí Bellot ,&nbsp;Stefan Bosse ,&nbsp;Simon Burkhard ,&nbsp;Younes Chahid ,&nbsp;Cheng-Ying Chou ,&nbsp;Robert Culver ,&nbsp;Pascal Desbarats ,&nbsp;Lewis Dixon ,&nbsp;Johan Friemann ,&nbsp;Amin Garbout ,&nbsp;Marcos García-Lorenzo ,&nbsp;Jean-François Giovannelli ,&nbsp;Ross Hanna ,&nbsp;Clémentine Hatton ,&nbsp;Pierre-Frédéric Villard","doi":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165804","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165804","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>gVirtualXray (gVXR) is an open-source framework that relies on the Beer–Lambert law to simulate X-ray images in real time on a graphics processor unit (GPU) using triangular meshes. A wide range of programming languages is supported (C/C++, Python, R, Ruby, Tcl, C#, Java, and GNU Octave). Simulations generated with gVXR have been benchmarked with clinically realistic phantoms (i.e. complex structures and materials) using Monte Carlo (MC) simulations, real radiographs and real digitally reconstructed radiographs (DRRs), and X-ray computed tomography (XCT). It has been used in a wide range of applications, including real-time medical simulators, proposing a new densitometric radiographic modality in clinical imaging, studying noise removal techniques in fluoroscopy, teaching particle physics and X-ray imaging to undergraduate students in engineering, and XCT to masters students, predicting image quality and artifacts in material science, etc. gVXR has also been used to produce a high number of realistic simulated images in optimisation problems and to train machine learning algorithms. This paper presents a comprehensive review of such applications of gVXR.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19380,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms","volume":"568 ","pages":"Article 165804"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144914002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Status of the TJUAMS facility","authors":"Kejun Dong,&nbsp;Sheng Xu,&nbsp;Lixin Zhang,&nbsp;Yunchao Lang,&nbsp;Siliang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165840","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165840","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The XCAMS system at Tianjin University, operational since October 2017, has successfully analyzed over 8,000 samples for ¹⁴C, ¹⁰Be, and ²⁶Al measurements during its seven years of service. Significant improvements were achieved through the 2023–2024 installation of two automated graphitization systems, substantially enhancing ¹⁴C sample throughput. Continuous optimization of system parameters and operational protocols, guided by long-term performance data and component reliability assessments, has established robust analytical capabilities. These advancements have enabled broad applications of cosmogenic nuclides in geoscience and environmental research. This contribution details the facility’s current status, including preparation methods, performance metrics, operational results, and component evaluations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19380,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms","volume":"567 ","pages":"Article 165840"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144885585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First Protactinium-231 measurements using the MILEA AMS system","authors":"Janis Wolf ,&nbsp;Marcus Christl ,&nbsp;Sebastian Fichter ,&nbsp;Robin Steudtner ,&nbsp;Habacuc Perez Tribouillier ,&nbsp;Stella Winkler ,&nbsp;Anton Wallner","doi":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165824","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165824","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We present an AMS-based method for measuring <span><math><mrow><mn>231</mn><mi>Pa</mi></mrow></math></span> at natural levels in environmental samples. A chemical procedure extracts <span><math><mrow><mn>231</mn><mi>Pa</mi></mrow></math></span> from sea sediments using <span><math><mrow><mn>233</mn><mi>Pa</mi></mrow></math></span> as a reference isotope. <span><math><mrow><mn>233</mn><mi>Pa</mi></mrow></math></span> was separated from its mother-nuclide <span><math><mrow><mn>237</mn><mi>Np</mi></mrow></math></span> via single-step extraction chromatography. AMS measurements at the Multi-Isotope-Low-Energy AMS System (MILEA) at ETH Zürich showed no interference from <span><math><mrow><mn>232</mn><mi>Th</mi></mrow></math></span>. We determined a <span><math><mrow><mn>231</mn><mi>Pa</mi></mrow></math></span> concentration of (3.6 ± 0.6) × 10⁹ <!-->atoms/g in the IAEA-385 reference material (Irish Sea sediment). We report on the development and implementation of a measurement procedure for <span><math><mrow><mn>231</mn><mi>Pa</mi></mrow></math></span> AMS, demonstrating its potential for ultra-trace environmental studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19380,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms","volume":"567 ","pages":"Article 165824"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144852767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computer simulation for the overlapping of ion tracks with finite lifetimes","authors":"A. Iwase ,&nbsp;S. Nishio ,&nbsp;F. Hori","doi":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165831","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165831","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Poisson process and the Monte Carlo method were applied to simulate the overlapping effects of ion tracks having a finite lifetime in oxides. As a result, nanometer-scaled distributions of defective areas by the ion-track overlapping were predicted. The two-dimensional distributions and the total fraction of defective areas strongly depend on the ion track lifetime and the ion flux. The present simulation method will give a useful information for understanding the effect of the track overlapping on oxides irradiated with high-energy ions at elevated temperatures and the resulting nanostructures consisting of defective and non-defective areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19380,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms","volume":"567 ","pages":"Article 165831"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144842663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of niobium solid-solution on cascade damage evolution in molybdenum-niobium alloys","authors":"Lu Sun,&nbsp;Meng-Lu Qin,&nbsp;Ye-Xin Yang,&nbsp;Xin-Hua Yan,&nbsp;Yan Ma,&nbsp;Zhen-Feng Tong","doi":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165832","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165832","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Single crystal Molybdenum-Niobium (Mo-Nb) alloys serve as critical emitter materials for thermionic space nuclear reactors, where radiation-induced damage constitutes a fundamental constraint on their operational reliability. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations on primary displacement cascades in pure Mo and Mo-Nb alloys reveal that high-energy PKAs (&gt;30 keV) significantly promote Frenkel pair survival and defect cluster formation, while elevated temperatures suppress damage accumulation by accelerating defect migration and recombination. Nb solid-solution with low concentrations marginally increase stabilized defect density, whereas localized Nb segregation apparently amplifies intra-cascade defect production through preferential cluster nucleation. Notably, the minimal Nb incorporation in residual interstitial defects is driven by the prohibitively high formation energy of Nb-Nb dumbbells, rapid lattice re-incorporation kinetics of Nb interstitials, and suppressed interstitial mobility in Nb-containing systems. These findings establish an atomic-scale insight for radiation damage evolution in Mo-Nb alloys, demonstrating how Nb solid solution stability simultaneously regulates defect generation and clustering.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19380,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms","volume":"567 ","pages":"Article 165832"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144831023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Collision of H and He ions with silicon: A time dependent density functional theory study","authors":"Bin Zhang ,&nbsp;Tao Ying ,&nbsp;Weiqi Li ,&nbsp;XiaoDong Xu ,&nbsp;Jianqun Yang ,&nbsp;Xingji Li","doi":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165830","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165830","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study employs time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) to simulate the collision processes of hydrogen (H) and helium (He) ions (0.5–10 keV) with silicon along the &lt; 100 &gt; orientation. By comparing the differences in stopping power among particles with different charge states (e.g., proton, H, He, He²⁺) in the material, it is found that the projectile charge state and atomic number are key factors governing the energy dissipation of incident ions. Further analysis combining real-time charge-state tracking and force evolution elucidates the microscopic mechanisms of ions energy dissipation in the material. A comparison with SRIM simulation results confirms the critical role of atomic/electronic structure in the accurate calculation of stopping power. Based on the density of states (DOS) and differential charge density, we elucidate the characteristic evolution of electronic states and the charge transfer dynamics in collision systems. This research provides important theoretical support for a deeper understanding of ion collision dynamics and the precise construction of radiation damage models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19380,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms","volume":"567 ","pages":"Article 165830"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144831028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of electronic excitations on damage kinetics in SiC","authors":"A.B. Serban ,&nbsp;N. Djourelov ,&nbsp;L. Thomé ,&nbsp;G. Gutierrez","doi":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165835","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165835","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Silicon carbide is a versatile material renowned for its thermal stability and radiation resistance, making it a strong candidate for use in nuclear power plants, radiation detectors, and photovoltaic devices. This study investigates the formation and recovery of irradiation-induced defects in 6H-SiC using single (S_n) and dual (S_n&amp;S_e, S_n + S_e) ion beam irradiation. Samples irradiated with 0.9-MeV I and 27-MeV Fe ions were used to independently and simultaneously probe nuclear (S_n) and electronic (S_e) energy loss effects. Damage kinetics were carried out by irradiating at different fluence levels. Defect evolution was characterized using variable energy slow positron Doppler Broadening Spectroscopy (DBS) and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry in channeling mode (RBS/C). The findings highlighted that double-beam irradiation can mitigate the amorphization effects typically observed under single-beam irradiation. It provided a deeper understanding of the SiC behavior under radiation, which is crucial for optimizing its performance and reliability in nuclear and photovoltaic applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19380,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms","volume":"567 ","pages":"Article 165835"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144831027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neutronic simulation of the seventh irradiation experiment at the Swiss spallation neutron source","authors":"Wei Jiang ,&nbsp;Wei Lu ,&nbsp;Yong Dai","doi":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165820","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165820","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The SINQ Target Irradiation Program (STIP) is one of the important research projects performed at the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI). The seventh experiment of the SINQ Target Irradiation Program (STIP-VII) was conducted with SINQ Target 10 from 2013 to 2014 and the total proton charge received by the target was 11.7 Ah. A radiation damage assessment was performed using MCNPX to predict the key radiation damage productions of displacement, helium and hydrogen for six materials, 9Cr-1Mo steel, Zry-2, Al, SiC, Ta and W, placed in different specimen rods. The incident proton source term for the assessment was produced with a gamma mapping measurement performed on the proton beam entrance window. The fluences of protons and neutrons as well as the energy deposition in the SINQ Target 10 were calculated. At an average proton beam current of 1.45 mA, the peak proton and neutron fluxes are 2.28 × 10¹⁴p/cm²/s and 5.60 × 10¹⁴n/cm²/s, respectively. The maximum irradiation dose and helium productions for steel specimens are 26.5 dpa and 2240 appm, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19380,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms","volume":"567 ","pages":"Article 165820"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144771382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measurement and calculation of leakage neutron spectra from beryllium sample using a white neutron field","authors":"X. Zhang,&nbsp;R. Han,&nbsp;B. Liu,&nbsp;G. Tian,&nbsp;F. Shi,&nbsp;H. Sun,&nbsp;Z. Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165793","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165793","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A leakage neutron spectra measurement has been conducted on beryllium material. The <span><math><mrow><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mi>n</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>t</mi></mrow></msup><mi>W</mi></mrow></math></span> (<span><math><mrow><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>12</mn></mrow></msup><mi>C</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>x</mi><mi>n</mi></mrow></math></span>) reaction was employed with <span><math><mrow><mn>80</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>5</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>MeV</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>μ</mi></mrow></math></span> carbon ions to produce a white neutron source. Spectra of leakage neutrons passed through a 7 cm thick beryllium slab were measured with a BC-501A liquid scintillation detector by the pulse height discrimination technique and time-of-flight method. The computational analysis of the experiment was performed by GEANT4 Monte Carlo code with INCL, BIC, and BERT physics models. The comparisons between the simulations and the experimental data have shown reasonable agreement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19380,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms","volume":"567 ","pages":"Article 165793"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144771383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}