Chuanhao Chen , Tao Wang , Hang Zang , Fang Liu , Pingan Zhou , Tan Shi , Huan He , Ping Zhang , Chenyang Lu , Hang Guo , Po Zhao , Shikun Chen , Yi Song , Yabin Zhu
{"title":"Unraveling interaction mechanisms of Kr cavities with Ag in irradiated silicon carbide under high temperatures","authors":"Chuanhao Chen , Tao Wang , Hang Zang , Fang Liu , Pingan Zhou , Tan Shi , Huan He , Ping Zhang , Chenyang Lu , Hang Guo , Po Zhao , Shikun Chen , Yi Song , Yabin Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165697","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165697","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polycrystalline 3C-SiC was sequentially implanted with 3.0 MeV and 1.2 MeV Kr<sup>12+</sup> ions, followed by annealing at 1500 °C to form a double-layer of nanosized Kr cavities. Subsequently, 2.6 MeV Ag<sup>19+</sup> ions were implanted into both the Kr-implanted sample and a pristine 3C-SiC sample, followed by annealing at 1500 °C. Experimental results revealed the formation of a Kr-Ag-Kr sandwich structure in the Kr-implanted 3C-SiC after Ag<sup>19+</sup> ion implantation. At 1500 °C, Ag atoms exhibited localized diffusion in 3C-SiC, forming nanoscale clusters. Compared to pristine 3C-SiC, the Kr-implanted 3C-SiC showed smaller Ag clusters with a higher distribution density. The independent existence of Kr cavities and Ag clusters was observed, with Ag atoms preferentially diffusing into regions of higher damage. Enhanced diffusivity of Ag atoms was noted in samples containing Kr cavities. This study provides valuable insights into the diffusion behavior of fission product Ag in the SiC layer of TRISO fuel particles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19380,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms","volume":"563 ","pages":"Article 165697"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143821110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Iveković , S. Kumar , Z. Siketić , O. Romanenko , M. Karlušić
{"title":"In situ elastic recoil detection for graphene oxide analysis","authors":"D. Iveković , S. Kumar , Z. Siketić , O. Romanenko , M. Karlušić","doi":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165706","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165706","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thin graphene oxide films were irradiated with 12.5, 18 and 23 MeV iodine beams. At the same time, stoichiometry changes have been monitored by the <em>in situ</em> time-of-flight elastic recoil detection analysis. Final state of the irradiated films indicated their reduction is similar to the reduction of samples undergoing classical thermal annealing procedure. Nuclear energy loss was identified as the main force driving reduction process, although electronic energy loss seems to play an important role in behaviour of the hydrogen under irradiation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19380,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms","volume":"563 ","pages":"Article 165706"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143808075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A new graphitization setup for radiocarbon dating using accelerator mass spectrometer at Physical Research Laboratory Ahmedabad","authors":"Amzad Hussain Laskar , Pratheeksha Nayak , Aishwarya Singh , Rahul Kumar Agrawal , Ranjan Kumar Mohanty , Manan S. Shah , M.G. Yadava","doi":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165698","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165698","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A new vacuum system for radiocarbon (<sup>14</sup>C) dating has been developed at the Physical Research Laboratory (PRL), Ahmedabad. This system uses zinc as a reducing agent and iron powder as a catalyst to convert CO<sub>2</sub> into graphite, which is then analyzed using Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) for measuring <sup>14</sup>C content. The system efficiently processes CO<sub>2</sub> from wide range of samples including organic material, carbonates and water. In this paper, we discuss the details of the setup, graphite reduction efficiency, background activity, and measurements of oxalic acid standards alongside <sup>14</sup>C determinations from known international standards. Additionally, the paper outlines the data reduction process for AMS and the procedure for reporting radiocarbon content with uncertainties. The system can handle five samples at a time, with CO<sub>2</sub> reduction efficiency ranging from 50 to 100%. Multiple <sup>14</sup>C age measurements from 12 international standards highlight the system’s precision and reliability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19380,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms","volume":"563 ","pages":"Article 165698"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143808072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sami Ullah Bangash PhD , Fiona E. McNeill , Michael J. Farquharson , Bruce Wainman , Michelle Zeller
{"title":"Performance testing a portable 109Cd XRF system for the measurement of ex vivo skin iron content in a rat model of iron overload","authors":"Sami Ullah Bangash PhD , Fiona E. McNeill , Michael J. Farquharson , Bruce Wainman , Michelle Zeller","doi":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165696","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165696","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The ability of a <sup>109</sup>Cd-based portable X-ray fluorescence (<sup>109</sup>Cd pXRF) system to differentiate iron (Fe) levels in the ex vivo skin of 28 rats dosed with Fe<sup>2+</sup> via intraperitoneal injection has been tested. The 28 animals included control rats and those dosed with either 80 mg Fe<sup>2+</sup>/kg or 160 mg Fe<sup>2+</sup>/kg. The system was able to distinguish between groups of control and dosed rats based on their measured skin iron concentration (p = 0.001 and p = 0.002). Further, linear regression analysis of individual rat skin Fe levels against Fe<sup>2+</sup> dose in mg/kg showed a strong correlation (r<sup>2</sup> = 0.84, p < 0.0001) and indicated that the system could determine whether individual animals had been dosed with Fe. Strong correlation (r<sup>2</sup> = 0.85, p < 0.0001) between the <sup>109</sup>Cd pXRF system skin Fe measurements and skin Fe measurements using a laboratory-based XRF system (which had previously shown a correlation between skin Fe and with liver Fe) suggest that <sup>109</sup>Cd pXRF measurements could be used to predict elevated Fe levels in the liver.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19380,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms","volume":"563 ","pages":"Article 165696"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143808073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chengyuan Wu , Huan Tan , Yumeng Yang , Zhimei Yang , Weihao Lin , Lijun Wang , Min Gong , Mingmin Huang , Yao Ma , Yun Li
{"title":"Effects of Ge ion irradiation on dielectric properties of Si-based PiN diodes","authors":"Chengyuan Wu , Huan Tan , Yumeng Yang , Zhimei Yang , Weihao Lin , Lijun Wang , Min Gong , Mingmin Huang , Yao Ma , Yun Li","doi":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165692","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165692","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The effects of 212 MeV Ge ion irradiation with various irradiation fluences on the dielectric properties of Si-based PiN diodes have been investigated. SRIM simulations demonstrate that Ge ion irradiation primarily induces silicon vacancy (<em>V<sub>Si</sub></em>) defects, leading to the alteration of the silicon lattice structure. The electrical characterization analysis indicates that the impact of Ge ion irradiation on the electrical characteristics of the device is negligible. However, there is a positive correlation between the variation in the dielectric constant (<em>ε’</em>) and the irradiation fluence, wherein <em>ε’</em> peak shifts towards higher frequencies and the dielectric loss (<em>ε’’</em>) decreases. Raman spectroscopy reveals a significant decrease in the intensity of the main peak at 525 cm<sup>−1</sup>, accompanied by an increase in the full width at half maximum (FWHM). These observations suggest that Si-Si bonds within the silicon lattice structure might have been broken due to Ge ion irradiation. The deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) results also demonstrate a positive correlation between the <em>V<sub>2</sub><sup>(0/−)</sup></em> bulk defects and irradiation fluence. These findings provide important insights into the design of radiation hardened devices, particularly relevant to aerospace and nuclear applications. Furthermore, the correlation between bulk defects and dielectric behaviour provides new avenues for optimizing high-frequency communication systems and energy-efficient semiconductor devices, thus enhancing the relevance of silicon technology in next-generation electronics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19380,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms","volume":"563 ","pages":"Article 165692"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143808074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sohail Shah , Miguel Pena , Yongchang Li , Mukesh Bachhav , Xinchang Zhang , Nathaniel W. Thomas , Cheng Sun , Frank A. Garner , Michael Nastasi , Lin Shao
{"title":"Irradiation-induced formation of G-phase precipitates and M2X carbides in self-ion irradiated HT-9","authors":"Sohail Shah , Miguel Pena , Yongchang Li , Mukesh Bachhav , Xinchang Zhang , Nathaniel W. Thomas , Cheng Sun , Frank A. Garner , Michael Nastasi , Lin Shao","doi":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165703","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165703","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ferritic-martensitic steels with high chromium content are a promising material group for advanced nuclear systems due to their high temperature strength and good irradiation tolerance. HT-9 is an optimized and often-studied alloy in this group, but additional studies are required on its radiation response under extreme conditions to be experienced in various types of nuclear reactors, especially with respect to phase stability under irradiation. Self-ion irradiation of HT-9 by 5 MeV Fe ions was used to simulate neutron-induced behavior reaching peak doses of 100 and 300 dpa at temperatures ranging from 450 to 550 °C. M<sub>23</sub>C<sub>6</sub> carbides that existed prior to irradiation were found to remain stable under all examined irradiation conditions. As irradiation progressed at 450 and 500 °C, however, formation of spherical-like G-phase precipitates and needle-like M<sub>2</sub>X carbides was observed. G-phase precipitates were found to be enriched in Ni, Si, and Mn, and show no interface segregation, whereas needle-like M<sub>2</sub>X carbides were rich in Cr and Mo and clearly displayed interface segregation of Ni and Si. M<sub>2</sub>X carbide formation is believed to be assisted by vacancies, while G-phase precipitation is thought to be assisted by interstitials. This difference in defect-mediated formation leads to a difference in distribution with depth. M<sub>2</sub>X carbides are distributed over shallower depths than that of G-phase precipitates, consistent with defect imbalance predictions that consider the influence of the injected interstitial effect.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19380,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms","volume":"563 ","pages":"Article 165703"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143783063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"L-shell X-ray production cross sections in some lanthanoids induced by He+ ions","authors":"Felix S. Olise, Adedamola D. Aladese","doi":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165693","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165693","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>For some relevant applications, the inner-shell process involving interactions between ions and atoms has been widely investigated. In this study, L-shell X-ray production cross sections of industrially important lanthanoids, induced by helium of energies <span><math><mrow><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>2</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>MeV</mi></mrow></math></span> to <span><math><mrow><mn>3</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>0</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>MeV</mi></mrow></math></span>, have been calculated. At first, the ionization cross sections for the targets were obtained using the ISICS code and ERCS08 computer program based on ECPSSR-UA and PWBA+OBKN theories, respectively. The calculated ionization cross sections were then converted to X-ray production cross sections. Also, the role of multi-ionization from the outer shells was considered in view of the uncertainty arising from the atomic parameters. The derived X-ray production cross sections were compared with existing experimental data and validated at the same helium ions probing energy range. We have also compared the predicted cross sections from both theories.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19380,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms","volume":"563 ","pages":"Article 165693"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143777676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Velişa , D. Iancu , E. Zarkadoula , Y. Zhang , W.J. Weber
{"title":"Ionization-driven competitive (recovery) process in pre-damaged KTaO3: A brief review","authors":"G. Velişa , D. Iancu , E. Zarkadoula , Y. Zhang , W.J. Weber","doi":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165704","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165704","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The nuclear (S<sub>n</sub>) and electronic (S<sub>e</sub>) energy dissipation processes have been considered to be independent and largely uncorrelated, influencing our understanding of ion–solid interaction and damage processes in the last decades. Recently, however, it has become more generally accepted that S<sub>n</sub> and S<sub>e</sub> are coupled as they interact both in time and space. To decouple these processes, separating these effects in experiments using sequential dual-beam irradiations have become accepted as the logical path to advance the understanding of complex interactions between S<sub>e</sub> and pre-existing defects that may be created from displacement events. This experimental approach has been recently applied to studies of KTaO<sub>3</sub> to reveal new insights into this critical research topic. Here, we offer a forward-looking and comprehensive perspective on the fundamental coupling between S<sub>e</sub> and pre-existing defects in KTaO<sub>3</sub>. The origins behind the competitive two-stage phase transition process leading to damage healing are revealed and discussed. Furthermore, the evidence resulting from synergistic effects is also included for comparison. Additionally, our findings are rationalized using both S<sub>e</sub> and the ion velocity as key parameters. We highlight how the inelastic thermal spike (i-TS) calculations provide insights into the nature of this coupled process and further confirm that the ion velocity effect governs annealing kinetics. This work emphasizes that through the introduction of a small amount of local disorder in materials, MeV ion irradiation (i.e., not extreme S<sub>e</sub>) may also be one additional option in subsequent material modification and functionalization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19380,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms","volume":"563 ","pages":"Article 165704"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143783062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cluster ion beam irradiation at low energy and surface pattern formation","authors":"J.C. Jiménez-Sáez , S. Muñoz , P. Palacios","doi":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165707","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165707","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ion beam sputtering is a solid-surface nanostructuring procedure. In this work, we are interested in studying the formation of surface patterns during this process. To do this, a Cobalt metal surface is bombarded with clusters at oblique incidence. Cluster bombardment is used since clusters accentuate the effect of surface ripple formation. Two processes explain the effect of pattern formation at the collisional level when diffusion phenomena can be neglected, namely sputtering and atomic redistribution. In the present work, the effect of the energy of the cluster atoms and the surface orientation on the above processes and, therefore, on the surface pattern formation, are analyzed. In the case of energy, it is found that this represents an additional excitation to the formation of patterns. Therefore, if it increases, the surface irregularities increase in turn. However, the specific weight of the processes that support the process is maintained. On the contrary, the crystallographic structure can affect this specific weight. In fact, the formation of patterns on the (100) surface is justified by sputtering regardless of the angle of incidence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19380,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms","volume":"563 ","pages":"Article 165707"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143767649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Hermanne , F. Tárkányi , A.V. Ignatyuk , S. Takács , R. Capote
{"title":"Critical re-evaluation of recommended excitation functions of 7 reactions for 61Cu formation","authors":"A. Hermanne , F. Tárkányi , A.V. Ignatyuk , S. Takács , R. Capote","doi":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165690","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165690","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Re-evaluation of recommended cross sections for seven production reactions for the short-lived β<sup>+</sup>-emitting radionuclide ⁶<sup>1</sup>Cu included in the on-line IAEA database for medical applications (Monitor Reactions and Positron Emitters) was performed. One of those reactions is recommended as a deuteron beam monitor reaction: <sup>nat</sup>Ni(d,x)<sup>61</sup>Cu. The re-evaluation included recently published data as well as thoroughly analyzed earlier works available in EXFOR. Where possible, published cross sections were corrected for new nuclear decay data, especially γ-ray abundance or β<sup>+</sup> intensity adopted in NUDAT3.0/ENSDF2020. New recommended cross section values and their uncertainties were derived from the Padé fit of the selected data. Relevant data were subjected to correction based on the recently measured ratio of the two dominant γ-rays of ⁶<sup>1</sup>Cu by Bleuel; an additional Padé fit was performed. Changes up to 20 % of the recommended monitor reaction for deuterons are observed in the 7–10 MeV of incident deuteron energy. Comparison with results of the on-line available TALYS-code calculations is provided and discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19380,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms","volume":"563 ","pages":"Article 165690"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143738995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}