Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms最新文献

{"title":"Online and in situ investigation of electron irradiation induced optical absorption in ZnGeP2 single crystals","authors":"Charlotte Vernozy ,&nbsp;Antonino Alessi ,&nbsp;Olivier Cavani ,&nbsp;Audrey Courpron ,&nbsp;Johan Petit ,&nbsp;Valérie Véniard","doi":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165758","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165758","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the present study, the absorbance induced in Zinc germanium diphosphide, ZnGeP₂ (ZGP) crystals and new Sn-doped ZGP crystals has been investigated under irradiation with high energy electrons. Online and in situ experiments were performed in the range 720–1100 nm. The spectra of the induced absorbance are constituted by a “tail” and the maximum appears to be located at wavelengths lower than those of the investigated spectral range. A fraction of the induced absorbance disappears within one minute after the electron beam is switched off, revealing the presence of metastable effects. A low and a high fluence contribution to the induced absorbance have been observed at 800 nm. The first reaches a limit value and seems to be affected by the Sn doping or by the absence of post-growth annealing, while the high fluence contribution does not feature a saturation in the investigated range and does not depend on the sample type.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19380,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms","volume":"566 ","pages":"Article 165758"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144204644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the relationship between magnetic uniform field range and key mechanical size in electromagnetic separation","authors":"Tian Yaqi,&nbsp;Ren Xiuyan,&nbsp;Wu Dan,&nbsp;Yuan Bo","doi":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165761","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165761","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Currently, the production of stable isotopes in high abundance primarily relies on electromagnetic separation methods. This approach necessitates the design of a uniform magnetic field of high quality. The extent of this uniform field depends on the particle deflection radius and divergence angle. Although determining this area is straightforward, ensuring its uniformity during the design of electromagnetic separation equipment poses significant challenges. Designing the mechanical dimensions of the pole shoe often requires extensive software simulations, theoretical calculations, and even experimental validations. This process can be complex and demanding. Poor selection and assessment during the design phase may result in failure to meet performance metrics or cause substantial increases in construction costs. This paper discusses the use of extensive software simulation data to analyze and summarize the relationship between the uniform field extent in the analysis magnet and the critical mechanical dimensions of the pole shoe. Verification through two existing electromagnetic separation devices will support the credibility of the findings, thus establishing a foundation for future projects that focus on the mechanical size design of uniform magnetic fields and offering theoretical guidance. This approach significantly alleviates design difficulties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19380,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms","volume":"566 ","pages":"Article 165761"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144205050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural and mechanical properties of titanium nitride films modulated by assisting ions","authors":"Lili Geng ,&nbsp;Meichen Wu ,&nbsp;Jiayi Guo ,&nbsp;Junhao Wan ,&nbsp;Fanya Jin ,&nbsp;Zhaotan Jiang ,&nbsp;Zhi Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165756","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165756","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Metal nitride superhard coating is an important way to protect metallic materials from wear and corrosion. In this work, series of TiN<em>_x</em> films were prepared by dual ion beam deposition, in which ion-sputtered particles were bombarded by low energy assisting ions on substrates. The crystal structure and mechanical properties of the films deposited by assisting ion energy <em>E_a</em> and current density <em>J_a</em> were studied. The films exhibit fcc-(111) optimal alignment. Assisting ion bombardment can further enhance the crystallinity of the films. Assisting ions can also promote the performances of the hardness, elastic modulus, critical load and wear resistance of the films to a significant extend. The results show that assisting ion beam is a promising technique to fabricate and modulate the properties of superhard nitride coatings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19380,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms","volume":"566 ","pages":"Article 165756"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144213249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Survey of naturally occurring 236U with direct-AMS","authors":"X.-L. Zhao ,&nbsp;B.B.A. Francisco","doi":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165763","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165763","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>From a multi-isotope direct-AMS survey of 310 uranium ore concentrates (UOCs), ²³⁶U/²³⁸U ratios from ∼2 × 10⁻¹² to ∼2 × 10⁻⁷ are measured. However, a range from low-10⁻¹² to mid-10⁻¹⁰ is expected from directly mined natural uranium ore minerals. This upper-end discrepancy would normally be attributed to inputs of spent fuel materials, but the numerous occurrences and the lack of economic reasons to recycle anything in the front stage of UOC production make the abnormally high ²³⁶U/²³⁸U ratios rather perplexing. When plotted against the ¹⁸⁷Os/¹⁸⁸Os ratios, which were also obtained in the survey, the high ²³⁶U/²³⁸U results are seen to occur around the value of ¹⁸⁷Os/¹⁸⁸Os ∼10, a non-random pattern as might be anticipated from unwitting contaminations. This observed correlation favors those measured high ²³⁶U/²³⁸U ratios being natural, and as such, it refers to an overlooked natural ²³⁸U/²³⁵U isotope fraction mechanism. Therefore, this work calls for further studies of naturally occurring ²³⁶U/²³⁸U in a wider range of native uranium-bearing minerals. To secure unambiguous natural ²³⁶U surveys, an approach is described that combines UF₅⁻ production directly from powdered native samples and ion source reconfiguration to minimize background.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19380,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms","volume":"566 ","pages":"Article 165763"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144204643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stopping power and energy loss straggling data of 0.6–4.4 MeV H+ and He2+ swift ions in bismuth thin films: Influence of Heq+ ion charge-state effects","authors":"S. Mammeri ,&nbsp;C. Mtshali ,&nbsp;M. Nkosi","doi":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165757","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165757","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The stopping power and energy-loss straggling of H⁺ and He²⁺ swift ions in bismuth (Bi) thin film were investigated for a wide energy range from 0.6 to 4.4 MeV. The measurements were performed in a backscattering geometry for ∼ 120 nm Bi-films on silicon substrate with a very thin interface layer of copper deposited by electron-beam evaporation. The obtained stopping results were first compared to previous data available for the two ion-target systems (H⁺-Bi, He⁺-Bi), and again to numerical values generated by three different computer codes of SRIM-2013, PASS-2.0 and CasP-6.0. While those of energy-loss straggling were compared to some previous data available for the above two ion-target systems and to collisional straggling values derived by Bohr’s and Bethe-Livingston’s classical theories. The whole straggling data were then compared to numerical values generated by Yang et al.’s semi-empirical formula recently refined to account new experimental data. The influence of He^q+-ion charge-state and related charge-exchange effects on the measured stopping and straggling data was then discussed, and finally completed by comparison with the analytical charge-exchange formula of Efken et al. limited to just two ion charge-states q of + 1 and + 2.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19380,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms","volume":"566 ","pages":"Article 165757"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144195489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In situ ion irradiation and imaging with field emission scanning electron microscope (i4-FESEM) facility at IGCAR","authors":"P. Jegadeesan ,&nbsp;Vikas Singh Gahlot ,&nbsp;Jinu Job ,&nbsp;S. Chinnathambi ,&nbsp;S. Amirthapandian","doi":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165759","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165759","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We have recently established a new facility named ‘<em>in situ</em> ion irradiation and imaging with field emission scanning electron microscope (i⁴-FESEM) facility’ at Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research (IGCAR), Kalpakkam. This <em>in situ</em> ion irradiation and imaging facility is the first of its kind in India. This facility is established by integrating a high resolution Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) with the 10° beamline of 1.7 MV tandetron accelerator. Many steps were taken to effectively isolate mechanical vibrations from the beamlines to the FESEM. This <em>in situ</em> setup makes it possible to monitor the evolution of individual features or structures with submicron dimensions as a function of ion fluence. This setup enables sequential irradiation and SEM observation at predetermined intervals of ion fluence. We have demonstrated its performance by tracking the displacement of individual gold nanoparticles on a silicon substrate upon 2 <!--> <!-->MeV Si⁺ ion irradiation and by tracking islands of antimony deposited on sapphire substrate.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19380,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms","volume":"566 ","pages":"Article 165759"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144195491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Si on the precipitate of MNSPs in Fe-Mn-Ni-Si Quinary System: A phase-field simulation","authors":"Xuxi Liu ,&nbsp;Zhaomin Guo ,&nbsp;Shi Wu ,&nbsp;Wenbo Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165755","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165755","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The presence of Manganese-Nickel-Silicon Precipitates (MNSPs) is considered a critical factor in the failure of reactor pressure vessel (RPV) steel. Utilizing the thermodynamic database of Fe-Mn-Ni-Si system, a phase-field model was developed to simulate the precipitate of T3 and T6 phases of MNSPs in Fe-Mn-Ni-Si alloys. The model has been utilized to simulate the precipitate of Fe-Mn-Ni-Si alloys with Si content ranging from 1.5% to 2.5%. Curves depicting the diameter, precipitate time and precipitate volume ratio of T3 phase and T6 phase over time under different Si content were generated. Based on simulation results, differences in precipitate kinetics between T3 phase and T6 phase were summarized and compared. The model is expanded to encompass three-dimensional space in order to simulate the time-varying evolution of spherical T3 and T6 phases. The simulation results obtained a precipitate radius close to the experimentally observed value of MNSPs and qualitatively elucidated the influence of Si element on the kinetics of precipitate growth. This model holds promise for further investigation into the failure mechanism of RPV steel.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19380,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms","volume":"566 ","pages":"Article 165755"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144195490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of 1 MeV equivalent neutron irradiation on electrical and spectral properties of GaInP/GaAs/Ge solar cells","authors":"Rongxing Cao ,&nbsp;Lei Cao ,&nbsp;Dongping Yang ,&nbsp;Gang Guo ,&nbsp;Yanwen Zhang ,&nbsp;Bo Li ,&nbsp;Yuxiong Xue","doi":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165760","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165760","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>GaInP/GaAs/Ge triple-junction solar cells have served as primary satellite power sources for two decades owing to their high conversion efficiency. However, atmospheric neutrons and those generated by nuclear-powered spacecraft (e.g., in Mars exploration) induce displacement damage, degrading cell performance. Existing studies lack microscopic-scale mechanistic interpretations of neutron radiation damage. Here, we investigated the neutron irradiation damage behavior and the underlying mechanism through the combination of experiment and simulation. It is found that there is a larger degradation of electrical characteristics with the increase of neutron fluence and the displacement damage mainly occurs in GaAs middle cell. Utilizing the neutron irradiation defect model obtained by the joint Geant4 and TCAD simulation, the carrier concentration distribution shows a more severe degradation in GaAs middle cell. Moreover, according to the recombination rate distribution and energy band structure distribution, it is found that the defect mechanism may change under high neutron fluence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19380,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms","volume":"565 ","pages":"Article 165760"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144185632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of 12C-enriched irradiation-resistant diamond targets for astrophysical 12C(α,γ)16O reaction measurements","authors":"Jing-Yu Dong ,&nbsp;Li-Feng Liang ,&nbsp;Wei Nan ,&nbsp;Yang-Ping Shen ,&nbsp;Jun-Jun Wei ,&nbsp;Jun Su ,&nbsp;Si-Ze Chen ,&nbsp;Xin Chen ,&nbsp;Dan Xiao ,&nbsp;Yong Zhang ,&nbsp;Hao Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhi-Lin Shen ,&nbsp;Shen Lin ,&nbsp;Fu-Qiang Cao ,&nbsp;Yu-Chen Jiang ,&nbsp;Yu-Wen Chen ,&nbsp;Zi-Ming Li ,&nbsp;Xin-Zhi Jiang ,&nbsp;Yao-De Sheng ,&nbsp;Chang-Xin Guo ,&nbsp;Wei-Ping Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165742","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165742","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The ¹²<span><math><mi>C</mi></math></span> <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>α</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>γ</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span>¹⁶<span><math><mi>O</mi></math></span> reaction plays a pivotal role in nuclear astrophysics research. The direct measurement of this reaction remains particularly challenging due to its extremely low cross section (approximately <span><math><mrow><mn>1</mn><msup><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>17</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> barn at 300 keV) within the Gamow window. This study addresses the critical need for irradiation-resistant ¹²<span><math><mi>C</mi></math></span>-enriched targets to enable accurate measurements. We successfully fabricated a ¹²<span><math><mi>C</mi></math></span>-enriched diamond target on molybdenum substrate through Microwave Plasma Chemical Vapor Deposition (MPCVD), demonstrating remarkable stability under high-intensity proton beam irradiation. Experimental results revealed only a 1.8% decrease in the ¹²<span><math><mi>C</mi></math></span> <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>p</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>γ</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span>¹³<span><math><mi>N</mi></math></span> reaction yield in the ¹²<span><math><mi>C</mi></math></span> layer following proton bombardment at 270 keV with 2 mA beam current and a total accumulated charge of 124.2 C, indicating a significant improvement compared to conventional carbon targets. Isotopic analysis confirmed a ¹³<span><math><mi>C</mi></math></span>/¹²<span><math><mi>C</mi></math></span> ratio of <span><math><mrow><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>9</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>7</mn><mo>±</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>3</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow><mo>×</mo><mn>1</mn><msup><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>5</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>, verifying the absence of contamination during MPCVD processing. Additionally, we developed a novel nuclear-reaction-based methodology for quantifying hydrogen content in thin films, establishing an upper limit of 0.058% (95% confidence level) for hydrogen concentration in the diamond target. The combined irradiation resistance and isotopic purity of this target meet the stringent requirements for direct ¹²<span><math><mi>C</mi></math></span> <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>α</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>γ</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span>¹⁶<span><math><mi>O</mi></math></span> reaction measurements in astrophysical environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19380,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms","volume":"565 ","pages":"Article 165742"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144169515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrosion and metallographic insights into lead-based artefacts from Khirbet Yajuz, Jordan","authors":"Ahmad N. Abu-Baker","doi":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165754","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165754","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study analysed three lead-based archaeological artefacts from Khirbet Yajuz, Jordan: a hook, a steelyard weight, and a stone pendant with a lead-alloy bail. X-ray diffraction identified lead corrosion products, including litharge, cerussite, hydrocerussite, phosphohedyphane, and cotunnite, across the three artefacts, along with the tin corrosion product cassiterite in the pendant’s bail and soapstone-associated minerals in the pendant’s stone. SEM-EDX revealed the hook’s pure lead composition, the weight’s low-tin pewter, and the pendant’s bail as a near-eutectic lead–tin alloy. EDX mapping showed elemental distribution across corrosion layers and original materials. Metallographic analysis highlighted α-Pb dendrites, recrystallized lead-rich α-crystals, and tin-rich β-grains. These findings provide insights into corrosion mechanisms, burial impacts, and manufacturing techniques.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19380,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms","volume":"565 ","pages":"Article 165754"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144138629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}