{"title":"A Comprehensive study of the exposure and energy absorption buildup factors in some polymer composites for point isotropic Source, including the effect of bremsstrahlung","authors":"Keyhandokht Karimi-Shahri , Yasaman Rezaei Moghaddam , Parisa Akhlaghi , Najmeh Mohammadi , Atiyeh Ebrahimi-Khankook","doi":"10.1016/j.nimb.2024.165552","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nimb.2024.165552","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The exposure (EBF) and energy absorption buildup factors (EABF) of different polymer composites (SiW, PHEMA-WO<sub>3</sub>, CaWO<sub>4</sub>, EWO<sub>3</sub>, BaTiO<sub>3</sub>, PbCl<sub>2</sub>) has been investigated for photon isotropic source with the energy range of 0.015–15 MeV and the penetration depth of 1–10 mean free path(mfp). Furthermore, the contribution of bremsstrahlung effect on selected polymer composites EBF has been discussed. Simulations were performed by MCNPX Monte Carlo code. Model validation was carried out by comparing theoretical uncollided flux and EBF of water with similar published data. The results indicate that EBF and EABF values are dependent on the incident photon energy and the depth of penetration. The maximum and minimum values of EBF and EABF are related to BaTiO<sub>3</sub> and SiW, respectively. Moreover, it is observed that considering bremsstrahlung increases values, especially at energies greater than 3 MeV.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19380,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms","volume":"557 ","pages":"Article 165552"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142572077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R.V. Avetisyan, A.G. Barseghyan, Yu A. Gharibyan, A.V. Gyurjinyan, H.A. Mkrtchyan, A. Yu Petrosyan, I.A. Kerobyan
{"title":"Measurement of flux-weighted average cross-section in the photo-neutron reactions of Nb at the bremsstrahlung end-point energies of 20 MeV and 67 MeV","authors":"R.V. Avetisyan, A.G. Barseghyan, Yu A. Gharibyan, A.V. Gyurjinyan, H.A. Mkrtchyan, A. Yu Petrosyan, I.A. Kerobyan","doi":"10.1016/j.nimb.2024.165557","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nimb.2024.165557","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The photo-neutron flux-weighted average cross-sections for <sup>93</sup>Nb(γ,xn) reactions at the bremsstrahlung end-point energies of 20 MeV and 67 MeV have been measured by the activation technique using the electron linear accelerator LUE-75 located at the A.I. Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory (AANL). Furthermore, the isomeric cross-section ratio has been determined for the <sup>89m,g</sup>Nb isomeric pair. TALYS 1.96 and EMPIRE 3.2 nuclear codes were used to calculate the <sup>93</sup>Nb(γ,xn) reaction cross-sections and isomeric ratio as functions of bremsstrahlung end-point energy. The energy distribution of bremsstrahlung photons has been calculated by GEANT4. The measured experimental data has been compared with currently available literature data as well as with the values based on theoretical calculations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19380,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms","volume":"557 ","pages":"Article 165557"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142555058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Phase and composition analysis of erbium deuteride thin films prepared by magnetron reactive sputtering for proton source target","authors":"Y. Chen, J.J. Zhu, C.Y. Zhan","doi":"10.1016/j.nimb.2024.165558","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nimb.2024.165558","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores the synthesis and characterization of erbium deuteride (ErD<sub>x</sub>) thin films using magnetron reactive sputtering (MRS) under varying deuterium gas flow rates. The findings reveal that the stoichiometric ratio of deuterium to erbium (D/Er) can be effectively controlled by adjusting the D<sub>2</sub> flow rate, transitioning compositions from ErD<sub>2</sub> to ErD<sub>3</sub>. All films exhibited a cubic structure, with deuterium atoms occupying both tetrahedral and octahedral sites. Compared to the traditional two-step method, MRS-prepared films showed lower oxidation levels and higher preparation efficiency. Proton-source quality evaluation (PQE) confirmed the suitability of these films as high-quality targets. Additionally, this study introduces a rapid IBA method applicable during PQE, offering a non-destructive and cost-effective means to determine the composition within films.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19380,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms","volume":"557 ","pages":"Article 165558"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142555057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Study of 3089 keV gamma-ray emission from the reaction of 12C(d, pγ1-0)13C for analytical applications","authors":"Alireza Jokar , Hafez Taghipour Aslani","doi":"10.1016/j.nimb.2024.165549","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nimb.2024.165549","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, the differential cross-sections of the <sup>12</sup>C(d, pγ<sub>1-0</sub>)<sup>13</sup>C reaction channel at an angle of 90° have been measured in the 585–1993 keV range using thin targets. The validity the present differential cross sections is checked by a benchmarking experiment. The obtained results are compared with the existing ones from literature. The total uncertainty of cross-sections is estimated to be 9 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19380,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms","volume":"557 ","pages":"Article 165549"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142537429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Blideanu , R. Behal , C. Besnard-Vauterin , V. Glagolev , X. Ledoux , J. Mrazek , B. Rapp , E. Simeckova
{"title":"Experimental assessment and analysis of calculations accuracy for the neutron-induced radio-isotopes in copper parts of radiotherapy accelerators","authors":"V. Blideanu , R. Behal , C. Besnard-Vauterin , V. Glagolev , X. Ledoux , J. Mrazek , B. Rapp , E. Simeckova","doi":"10.1016/j.nimb.2024.165553","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nimb.2024.165553","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Induced radioactivity in particle accelerators is currently not sufficiently addressed, particularly for radiotherapy electron LINACs when the activation occurs via secondary neutrons created in photo-nuclear reactions.</div><div>Methodologies based on Monte-Carlo simulations coupled with activation calculation codes are often used to address this issue. Their accuracy, which is potentially affected by the limited capabilities of the calculation tools to simulate nuclear reactions at the origin of the materials activation, can be deeply analyzed only through comparisons with experimental values but the latter are not widely available.</div><div>New macroscopic data for the activity induced by neutrons in the materials commonly present in medical electron LINACs are presented. Neutron-induced activation has been measured by sample irradiation at SPIRAL2/NFS facility in accurately characterized configurations. Experimental results were compared to the simulations predictions allowing to assess the precision that can be achieved by a fully simulation-based methodology, mainly related to the energy-dependent reaction cross-sections.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19380,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms","volume":"557 ","pages":"Article 165553"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142537431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mikko Kivekäs , Kenichiro Mizohata , Jaakko Julin , Markku Kainlauri , Mika Prunnila , Laura Keränen , Matti Putkonen , Tatu Korkiamäki , Mikko Laitinen
{"title":"Elastic recoil and scattering yields measured in low energy heavy ion ERD","authors":"Mikko Kivekäs , Kenichiro Mizohata , Jaakko Julin , Markku Kainlauri , Mika Prunnila , Laura Keränen , Matti Putkonen , Tatu Korkiamäki , Mikko Laitinen","doi":"10.1016/j.nimb.2024.165542","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nimb.2024.165542","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Experimental yields of low energy recoils and scattered beams in ToF-ERD have been measured and compared against theory. A significant discrepancy between Rutherford or Andersen cross-section predicted yield vs the experimental results is now demonstrated. Scale of the discrepancy is up to 50% compared to yields predicted by theory for low energy Au recoils. MCERD simulations were used to study the carbon foil scattering in the timing detectors to explain the observed discrepancy. Simulations indicate that a major part of the discrepancy occurs due to the scattering of low energy, heavy mass particles in the timing detector foils. The yield discrepancy can be narrowed down by taking into account the reduction of recoil yields caused by the carbon foil scattering. Further studies are in progress to study carbon foil scattering, aiming to further improve the quantitativity of ToF-ERD for the heavy elements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19380,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms","volume":"557 ","pages":"Article 165542"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142537430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Validation of crystal surface scattering method for downsizing accelerator mass spectrometry","authors":"Satoshi Jinno , Akihiro Matsubara , Natsuko Fujita , Kenji Kimura","doi":"10.1016/j.nimb.2024.165545","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nimb.2024.165545","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study introduces the development of a downsized Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) system aiming to enhance accessibility and cost-effectiveness in radiocarbon analysis. The “crystal surface stripper method” is introduced as a solution to challenges in AMS downsizing, demonstrating effective ion detection with a smaller angular spread compared to conventional gas stripper methods. The experimental results provide insights into charge conversion capabilities, scattering angle broadening, and energy loss associated with surface scattering.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19380,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms","volume":"557 ","pages":"Article 165545"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142536120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"ESR spectroscopic analysis of fructose as a dosimeter for gamma radiation","authors":"Arif Rachmanto , Marrisa Arlinkha Ega Putri , Muhamad Yasin Yunus , Ade Lestari Yunus , Rizka Fitriana , Rahmawati Rahmawati","doi":"10.1016/j.nimb.2024.165551","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nimb.2024.165551","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this research, fructose was used as a dosimeter, and ESR examined the influence of radiation dose on the dosimeter’s properties. Microwave power, g-value, and decay of response tests were carried out at doses of 1, 5, and 10 kGy. The results show that fructose possesses linearity at doses of 5 × 10<sup>−2</sup>–30 kGy. The radiation detection sensitivity of fructose is better than sucrose’s but less than alanine’s over the entire dose range. The irradiation dose influences microwave saturation on ESR intensity, occurring at 5 and 10 kGy. The microwave power for irradiated fructose ranges from 1.00 to 2.46 mW. The ESR signal intensity increases with higher radiation doses, primarily due to the formation of more free radicals. Additionally, higher radiation doses lead to faster decay of the fructose dosimeter’s response. The fructose ESR intensity stability compared to alanine and sucrose at 1, 5, and 10 kGy are alanine > sucrose > fructose, alanine > fructose > sucrose, and alanine > fructose ≈ sucrose, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19380,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms","volume":"557 ","pages":"Article 165551"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142536122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Holeňák , E. Ntemou , M. Kokkoris , S. Petrović , D. Primetzhofer
{"title":"Tracing of low-energy protons implanted in different Si crystal orientations by keV recoil detection in transmission geometry","authors":"R. Holeňák , E. Ntemou , M. Kokkoris , S. Petrović , D. Primetzhofer","doi":"10.1016/j.nimb.2024.165546","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nimb.2024.165546","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The potential of recoil detection in transmission geometry in examining a possible preferential lattice site location of H atoms implanted into thin single crystalline silicon membranes is explored. Low-energy protons were directed onto the membranes along the 〈0<!--> <!-->0<!--> <!-->1〉 Si crystal axis, as well as in random orientation. Position-sensitive and time-resolved detection of recoiling hydrogen species from a pulsed beam of 280 keV <sup>22</sup>Ne<sup>+</sup> primary ions was performed in a time-of-flight medium energy ion scattering system. From the primary beam incidence along different crystal axes, a preferential detection of recoiled hydrogen along the 〈0<!--> <!-->1<!--> <!-->1〉 axis can be revealed, as compared to the 〈0<!--> <!-->0<!--> <!-->1〉 axis. The present approach and possible future developments potentially enabling real-space location of interstitial hydrogen are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19380,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms","volume":"557 ","pages":"Article 165546"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142536119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yingying Wang, Yutian Li, Yang Gao, Yiming Chen, Zhanrong Zhou, Xiaofang Shen, Guofeng Jin
{"title":"Study on fragmentation dynamics of NH32+ induced by electron impact","authors":"Yingying Wang, Yutian Li, Yang Gao, Yiming Chen, Zhanrong Zhou, Xiaofang Shen, Guofeng Jin","doi":"10.1016/j.nimb.2024.165547","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nimb.2024.165547","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, the fragmentation dynamics of ammonia are investigated using the 205-eV electrons impact ionization by a reaction microscope. The two- and three-body dissociation channels of NH<sub>3</sub><sup>2+</sup> ions are identified by the coincidence measurement of fragment ions, and the dication electronic states are determined. In the three-body dissociation channel, including the Dalitz plots and Newton diagrams, the partitioning of the neutral hydrogen’s energy provides a deeper understanding of the fragmentation mechanisms. Using the energy of hydrogen as a filter, the discovery of two electronic states provides a more specific explanation of the mechanism of the direct dissociation process. By employing the kinetic energy (KE) of fragments, the mechanisms of three-body dissociation channels have been further validated. This study provides more detailed information for subsequent research on the dissociation dynamics of ammonia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19380,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms","volume":"557 ","pages":"Article 165547"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142536121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}