Nutrition Journal最新文献

{"title":"Adherence to the EAT-Lancet diet and risk of chronic kidney disease among middle-aged and older adults: insights from two nationwide cohort studies.","authors":"Zenghui Zhang, Shaojie Han, Xunda Ye, Huimin Zhu, Zegui Huang, Yangbo Xi, Chuxian Guo, Zhaoyu Liu, Jun Guo","doi":"10.1186/s12937-025-01236-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-025-01236-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND: Adherence to the EAT-Lancet diet has been associated with a lower risk of adverse health outcomes. However, its relationship with chronic kidney disease (CKD) risk remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the association between adherence to the EAT-Lancet diet and CKD risk among middle-aged and older adults. METHODS: This study included 19,991 participants from the US NHANES cohort for cross-sectional analysis and 119,820 participants from the UK Biobank cohort for longitudinal analysis, all aged 40 years or older. Dietary data were collected using 24-hour dietary recall questionnaires, and a modified EAT-Lancet diet index was constructed based on the EAT-Lancet reference diet. Multivariable poisson regression models and Cox proportional hazards regression models were employed to examine the associations between the EAT-Lancet diet index and CKD risk. RESULTS: In the US NHANES cohort, 4,640 (23.21%) participants were diagnosed with CKD. Within the multivariable model, the relative risk for CKD in the highest adherence group of the EAT-Lancet diet index was 0.78 (95% CI: 0.70, 0.87) compared to those in the lowest adherence group. During a mean follow-up of 13.19 years, 3,658 (3.05%) incident cases of CKD were identified in the UK Biobank cohort. After adjusting for covariates, the Q2, Q3, Q4, and Q5 groups exhibited significantly lower risks for incident CKD compared to the Q1 group, with hazard ratios (95% CI) of 0.94 (0.85, 1.03), 0.85 (0.77, 0.94), 0.82 (0.74, 0.91), and 0.71 (0.64, 0.79), respectively. A clear dose-response relationship between EAT-Lancet diet index and CKD risk was observed in two cohorts. CONCLUSIONS: Adherence to the EAT-Lancet diet is associated with a lower prevalence and risk of CKD in middle-aged and older adults, with a dose-response relationship. These findings highlight the importance of adopting the EAT-Lancet diet to lower the risk burden of CKD. </p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13049795/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147317568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association between plant protein intake and cancer risk: a prospective cohort study.","authors":"Shengtao Hu, Rui Yang, Yujiao Deng, Dixuan Xue, Yucheng Sun, Xia Xiao, Zhuoyang Shen, Yingnan Wang, Qing Wu, Jiayuan Wu, Zhijun Dai","doi":"10.1186/s12937-026-01293-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-026-01293-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To examine the association between plant protein intake and the risk of overall and site-specific cancers in a large prospective cohort.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective cohort study included 192,428 participants from the UK Biobank, recruited from 2006 and followed until 2023. Plant protein consumption information was assessed using validated 24-hour dietary recalls. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association of plant protein consumption with cancer risk were calculated using Cox proportional risk regression models. Nonlinear associations were tested using restricted cubic spline analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During a median follow-up of 11.2 years, 22,779 cancer events were recorded. Compared to participants in the lowest quartile of plant protein intake, those in the highest quartile had HRs for overall cancer, lung cancer, renal cancer, and colorectal cancer of 0.91 (95% CI = 0.88-0.95, P < 0.001), 0.86 (95% CI = 0.73-1.00, P = 0.048), 0.69 (95% CI = 0.55-0.87, P = 0.002), and 0.89 (95% CI = 0.79-1.00, P = 0.046), respectively. Furthermore, each 10% increase in the ratio of plant protein to total daily protein was associated with a 3% lower overall cancer risk (HR = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.95-0.98, P < 0.001). Subgroup analyses suggested that the negative association was more pronounced in male. Among individuals who did not meet the WHO-recommended protein intake, a nonlinear association between plant protein intake and overall cancer risk was observed, characterized by a modest reduction in risk at moderate intake levels with no further risk reduction at higher intake levels (P for nonlinearity = 0.02).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This cohort study indicates that higher dietary plant protein intake is significantly associated with a reduced risk of overall and specific cancers, including lung, renal, and colorectal cancer. These findings support the notion that increasing the consumption of plant protein-rich foods is beneficial for health.</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13049816/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147317686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors toward the planetary health diet in France: a survey among patients, healthcare professionals, and farmers-bakers' customers.","authors":"Florence Carrouel, Rita Nugem, Yohan Fayet, Laurie Fraticelli, Lama Basbous, Jean-Francois Vian, Camille Vindras, Corélie Salque, Claude Dussart, Marie-Thérèse Charreyre, Romain Lan, Audrey Murat-Ringot","doi":"10.1186/s12937-026-01300-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-026-01300-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND: The Planetary Health Diet (PHD), developed by the EAT–Lancet Commission, provides a comprehensive framework to promote human and planetary health through dietary transformation. Despite its benefits, adoption of the PHD remains limited in high-income countries like France. This study aimed to evaluate knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors (KAB) related to the PHD across diverse French populations and identify determinants of inadequate KAB. METHODS: This cross-sectional quantitative study was conducted between April and June 2024 under the BIOQUALIM protocol. Eligible participants were adults (≥ 18 years) fluent in French and included healthcare professionals and patients from the Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), as well as farmers-bakers’ customers from the Rhône-Alpes region. A validated 89-item questionnaire was administered via paper and digital formats using a convenience sampling strategy. KAB levels were calculated from a structured scoring system. Descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regressions were used to assess KAB levels and their sociodemographic determinants. RESULTS: Among 10,500 individuals approached, 1,388 completed the survey (79.6% HCL professionals, 6.4% patients, 14% farmers-bakers’ customers). Only 3% demonstrated an adequate overall KAB score; knowledge adequacy was observed in 61%, while attitude and behavior adequacy remained critically low (3.5% and 0.2%, respectively). Inadequate KAB was significantly associated with omnivorous diets (OR = 3.38), female gender (OR = 2.54), patient status (OR = 13.84), while low food budgets increased risk (≤ 50 €/week, reference OR = 1) and higher weekly expenses were protective (OR range 0.42–0.57). Protective factors included older age (≥ 60 years; OR = 0.17) and higher weekly food expenses (>€100). CONCLUSIONS: Although awareness of sustainable diets is rising, behavioral adherence to the PHD remains poor, highlighting a pronounced knowledge–action gap. Cultural norms, economic limitations, and institutional structures still delay dietary change. Policy efforts must extend beyond education to include economic answers, culturally adapted messages, and systemic reforms to enable a fair and sustainable food transition. </p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13045154/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147317630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and validation of a clinical prediction model for fatty pancreas disease: from CT-based indicators to an easy-to-use prediction application.","authors":"Yuan Zhou, Cong Chen, Fangsheng Chen, Weiwei Xue, Hanting Dai, Haoteng Luo, Tianhong Teng, Heguang Huang, Fengchun Lu","doi":"10.1186/s12937-026-01299-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-026-01299-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND: Fatty pancreas disease (FPD) is closely associated with the pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer (PC) and diabetes mellitus (DM). However, current imaging modalities for assessing intra-pancreatic fat deposition (IPFD) have limitations and are not widely used in clinical practice. Developing a practical prediction tool for FPD would facilitate the evaluation of pancreatic health. METHODS: A total of 852 subjects were included in the model construction cohort, and 202 PC patients were included to investigate the association between fat deposition and PC. Quantitative assessment of IPFD and diagnosis of FPD were based on the pancreas-to-spleen attenuation ratio (P/S ratio) from CT scans. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify risk factors associated with FPD, and a web-based application was deployed based on these factors. The performance of the model was validated in an internal cohort with respect to discrimination, calibration and clinical benefit. RESULTS: The incidence of PC and DM significantly increased as the P/S ratio decreased, particularly when P/S ratio fell below 0.8. Multivariate analysis identified seven independent risk factors: age > 65 years, abnormal waist circumference, abnormal gamma-glutamyl transferase, fasting plasma glucose > 6.1mmol/L, NLR > 1.97, fatty liver index > 24.7, and mFIB-4 > 3.05. A web application was deployed based on these risk factors. The model demonstrated good discrimination, with an AUC of 0.750 (95% CI: 0.707–0.793) in the development cohort and 0.723 (95% CI: 0.652–0.795) in the validation cohort, along with satisfactory calibration and clinical net benefit. Furthermore, regression analysis revealed significant correlations between model-predicted risk values and IPFD severity, indicating that the FPD model effectively captures the severity of fat deposition in the pancreas. CONCLUSIONS: This multidimensional predictive model enables comprehensive evaluation of FPD risk using routinely available clinical parameters, which can serve as an effective preliminary screening tool to guide subsequent examinations and interventions. </p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13040802/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147317624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect and safety of nutritional supplements on clinical outcomes in patients with acute pancreatitis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.","authors":"Kaifeng Su, Ruifeng Duan, Yang Wu","doi":"10.1186/s12937-026-01295-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-026-01295-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND: The effectiveness of nutritional supplements is controversial compared to standard supplementation in the clinical management of individuals with acute pancreatitis (AP). We performed a network meta-analysis (NMA) to compare and rank their efficacy. METHODS: Four databases (Web of Science, Cochrane, Embase, PubMed) were searched for randomized controlled trials. Random-effects models to derive outcome estimates, with risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) calculated for each comparison. The surface under the cumulative ranking (SUCRA) was used to rank the relative efficacy of all therapies. RESULTS: Seventeen trials including 1,313 patients were analyzed. ω-3 fatty acid supplementation emerged as the most effective intervention. It significantly shortened hospital stay (mean difference = -5.82 days; 95% CI -10.62 to -1.01) and intensive care unit (ICU) stay (mean difference = -6.09 days; 95% CI -8.98 to -3.20). It also reduced ICU stay in patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) (mean difference = -6.09 days; 95% CI -8.98 to -3.02). Moreover, ω-3 fatty acids reduced the risk of sepsis (RR = 0.35; 95% CI 0.14–0.89) in AP and SAP (RR = 0.30; 95% CI 0.10–0.93). Synbiotics dramatically reduced the incidence of bacteremia (RR = 0.27; 95% CI = 0.09–0.86). It also reduced ICU stay with the enteral route (mean difference = -3.22 days; 95% CI, -3.95 to -2.49). However, none of the regimens produced significant improvements in mortality, infectious complications, time to oral feeding, or multiorgan failure (MOF). CONCLUSIONS: This NMA preliminary suggests that ω-3 fatty acid supplementation demonstrates the greatest efficacy in reducing the length of hospital and ICU stays in individuals with AP. Hence, it should be considered for routine use in AP, as it may reduce the future medical burden. Furthermore, increasing ω-3 fatty acids and synbiotics may contribute to a reduced incidence of sepsis and bacteremia, respectively. </p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13049819/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147308096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agreement Of A 24-hour food record and relative validity of a food frequency questionnaire compared with urinary biomarkers of sodium, potassium, and protein intake.","authors":"Seren Kurtgil, Mustafa Anıl Erbağcı, Ayla Gülden Pekcan","doi":"10.1186/s12937-026-01298-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-026-01298-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND: Dietary assessment methods such as food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) and 24-hour food records (24hFRs) are widely used in population-based studies due to their feasibility and relatively low cost. However, these self-reported methods are subject to measurement errors, including recall bias and misreporting, which may vary across individuals and seasons. In contrast, 24-hour urinary excretion (24UE) of sodium, potassium, and nitrogen is considered a more objective biomarker of intake and is often used as a reference method in validation studies. AIM: This study aimed to evaluate the agreement of a 24-hour food record (24hFR) and the relative validity of a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) against recovery urinary biomarkers of sodium, potassium, and urea-derived protein intake. METHOD: This observational, cross-sectional validation study included a total of 37 healthy adult women aged 18–44 years. Information on participants’ sociodemographic characteristics, dietary habits, and physical activity levels was collected, and anthropometric measurements were performed by the researcher. In addition, 24-hour food records (24hFR) and 24-hour urine excretion (24UE) samples were collected twice in summer and twice in winter on nonconsecutive days with a 14-day interval, resulting in a total of four collections per participant, and food consumption frequencies (FFQs) were determined. RESULTS: The most commonly used salt type among the participants was iodized table salt (56.8%). The mean sodium intake estimated from the 24-hour food record was significantly higher in the winter (3142.2 ± 905.7 mg/day) compared to the summer (2479.6 ± 793.5 mg/day) (p < 0.05). The mean sodium and potassium intakes estimated by the 24-hour food record were similar to those determined by urinary sodium and potassium excretion at the group level in both seasons, although correlations at the individual level were weak. The difference between the measurement methods for sodium and potassium values ​​(FFQ, 24hFR, 24UE) in summer and winter was due to the frequency of food consumption. Protein intake estimated by the FFQ and food record methods was comparable; however, protein intake calculated from urinary excretion was higher than the estimated values. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, the 24-hour food record method, which is widely used in nutritional assessment, showed closer agreement with urinary sodium and potassium excretion at the group (mean) level rather than at the individual ranking level, but underestimated protein intake in this study. These findings highlight the need for complementary biochemical markers when assessing protein consumption in population-based dietary surveys. </p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13040766/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147308139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plant-Based vs. Omnivore diets for athletic performance outcomes among recreational athletes in university dining halls: a randomized crossover study.","authors":"Chloe Raygoza, Aubrey Roberts, Alyssa Guidetti, Owen Cai, Pranoy Sangowdar, Esther Njeri Muriuki, Hayley Laverick-Johnson, Grace Sanguinetti, Ella Smith, Abby Fammartino, Jennifer Robinson, Elizabeth Lee, Peggy Policastro, Charlotte Mills, Gunter Kuhnle, Emily Svennevik, Christopher Gardner","doi":"10.1186/s12937-026-01290-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-026-01290-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND: Some research suggests that transitioning from an omnivorous to a plant-based diet does not significantly change athletic performance for endurance or resistance athletes, implying comparability to animal-based diets for athletic goals. However, there is a relative paucity of these studies and widespread social media misinformation suggesting insufficient calorie, protein, and micronutrient intake of plant-based diets to meet the demands of athletic performance. This multi-site study, conducted in collaboration with the Menus of Change University Research Collaborative (MCURC), investigates the impact of plant-based diets in several university dining halls on athletic performance among recreational athletes. METHODS: In this crossover study, recreational runners and resistance trainers were recruited from four universities: Stanford, Rutgers, Vanderbilt, and the University of Reading (n = 36; runners = 16, resistance trainers = 20). Participants were assigned to complete two 4-week diet interventions, Omnivore and Plant-based, in random order. Primary outcomes for runners (12-minute timed run) and resistance trainers (3-rep maximum test for chest press, lat pulldown, and leg press) were collected at baseline and after each diet. Paired t-tests and linear regression models were used to compare performance between diets. RESULTS: Mean differences between Omnivore and Plant-based diets in 12-minute timed run (− 36.2 m; 95% CI: -130.3 to 57.9 m; p = 0.43) and composite machine strength (− 4.0%; 95% CI: − 8.5 to 0.6%; p = 0.08) were not significant. CONCLUSION: Recreational runners and resistance trainers may be able to adopt a plant-based diet without significant changes in athletic performance. These findings can support universities in offering plant-based food options for recreational athletes in dining halls. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This study was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov under registration number NCT06014307 on 08/23/2023. </p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13067432/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146227721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Different types of sweetened coffee consumption, genetic predictor of gut microbe, and the risk of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.","authors":"Wenqi Liu, Xinrui Xu, Qing Chang, Honghao Yang, Zheng Ma, Tingjing Zhang, Yuhong Zhao, Lu Zhao, Yang Xia","doi":"10.1186/s12937-026-01289-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-026-01289-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background & aims: </strong>Associations between different types of coffee consumption and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) remained inconsistent. We aimed to assess the longitudinal associations of coffee consumption (including unsweetened, sugar-sweetened, artificially sweetened, caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee) with the risk of MASLD, while also exploring the potential coffee type-gut microbial abundance interactions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The present cohort study included 185,437 participants free of MASLD at baseline in the UK Biobank. Dietary consumption of different types of coffee was collected through 24-hour dietary recall questionnaires. Incident cases of MASLD were ascertained through linked hospital records and death registries. Genetic risk scores (GRSs) of the relative abundance of intestinal microbiota and the risk of MASLD were calculated using 19 and 5 single nucleotide polymorphisms, respectively. Cox proportional hazards regression model was employed to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During a median follow-up of 10.49 years, we documented 1,536 MASLD cases. Compared with non-consumers, individuals consuming more than 2.5 servings per day of unsweetened coffee, caffeinated coffee, or a combination of both had a lower risk of MASLD, with adjusted HRs (CIs) of 0.70 (0.60-0.82), 0.78 (0.67-0.91), and 0.69 (0.58-0.82), respectively. No significant association was found between sugar-sweetened and artificially sweetened coffee consumption and the risk of MASLD. These associations were consistent across genetic risk levels of abundance of intestinal microbiota and MASLD itself, with no significant interaction observed (all P values for interactions ≥ 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Higher intake of unsweetened coffee, particularly the caffeinated variety, was significantly associated with a reduced risk of MASLD, irrespective of genetic predisposition related to the abundance of intestinal microbiota or MASLD itself.</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13014737/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146213748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Planetary health diet index and risk of mortality and cardiovascular disease: evidence from the health and retirement study.","authors":"Zhaoting Bu, Zhiyong Li, Xiaoyue Liu, Chenan Liu, Sanyu Ge, Bing Yin, Yue Chen, Hong Zhao, Xin Zheng, Yi Li, Li Deng, Hanping Shi","doi":"10.1186/s12937-026-01286-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-026-01286-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND: The EAT-Lancet Commission proposed the Planetary Health Diet to improve both human and planetary health. Evidence among older adults on its association with mortality and cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains limited. We therefore examined associations of the Planetary Health Diet Index (PHDI) with risks of all-cause mortality and CVD in a representative sample of U.S. middle-aged and older adults. METHODS: This cohort study used data from the U.S. Health and Retirement Study (HRS; 2012–2018) with dietary intake data from the 2013 Health Care and Nutrition Study (HCNS). Adherence to the PHDI was computed from 24-hour dietary recalls across 15 food groups (score range 0–140). All-cause mortality was ascertained via household surveys, and incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) was identified by self-reported physician-diagnosed heart disease. Cox proportional hazards models estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between quintiles of PHDI and risks of mortality and CVD, adjusting for demographic, lifestyle, and health-related covariates, including total energy intake. RESULTS: The total cohort included 7,873 participants (58.83% women; mean age 66.72 years) for the mortality analysis, and the sub-cohort included 5,454 participants (60.80% women; mean age 64.65 years) for the cardiovascular disease analysis. Higher PHDI adherence was associated with lower risks of total mortality. Participants in the highest PHDI quintile had a 59% lower risk of total mortality compared with those in the lowest quintile (HRs: 0.41; 95% CI: 0.32, 0.53). Each 1 SD increase in PHDI was associated with a 25% reduction in all-cause mortality (HRs: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.69, 0.81). PHDI was also inversely associated with CVD risk (HRs: 0.72; 95% CI: 0.58, 0.91). CONCLUSIONS: In this cohort of U.S. older adults, higher adherence to the PHDI was associated with lower risks of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease. </p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12983748/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146150309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative effects of conventional cow's milk versus milk free of A1-type beta-casein on gastrointestinal physiology and symptoms of digestive discomfort in participants intolerant to conventional cow's milk: a pilot randomised controlled trial.","authors":"Frank L Greenway, Daniel S Hsia, Candida J Rebello","doi":"10.1186/s12937-026-01288-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12937-026-01288-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND: Cow’s milk is an important source of nutrients supporting human growth and development as well as adult health, but it can be associated with unwanted gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. These symptoms are often attributed to lactose, but may instead be partly due to peptides released during digestion. This exploratory study aimed to compare the effects of consuming milk free of A1-type beta-casein (A1PF milk) with those of conventional cow’s milk (containing both A1- and A2-types of beta-casein) on GI symptoms in individuals who usually suffer from mild-to-moderate digestive discomfort after milk consumption. METHODS: This was a single-site, double-blind, randomised, controlled, crossover study in non-regular milk drinkers (aged 18–68 years) with self-reported intolerance to cow’s milk. Participants consumed either A1PF milk or conventional milk three times per day after meals. GI symptoms, GI parameters (assessed using a SmartPill™ ingestible sensor) and blood and faecal laboratory measurements were assessed. RESULTS: No statistically significant between-group differences were seen in the frequency and consistency of stool; overall and individual GI symptoms; in GI parameters, including transit time; or in laboratory measurements including immunoglobulin (Ig)G, IgE, IgG1, interleukin-4, acetate, butyrate, propionate, short-chain fatty acid levels, or thiol levels. Among participants consuming A1PF milk, higher urinary galactose (U-gal) levels were correlated with smaller increases from baseline in patient-reported abdominal pain (r = − 0.296, p < 0.05); this correlation was not observed in participants consuming conventional milk. Additionally, higher U-gal levels were correlated with a greater increase in gastric transit time (r = 0.409, p < 0.05) and with a greater increase in glutathione level (r = 0.314, p < 0.05) only in participants consuming A1PF milk, but not in those consuming conventional milk. CONCLUSION: Significant correlations between higher U-gal values and changes in GI variables were seen in participants consuming A1PF milk, including increased glutathione, a smaller increase from baseline in abdominal pain, and a greater increase in gastric transit time. In terms of GI symptoms, individuals with higher baseline U-gal levels (indicating preserved lactase activity) may benefit from A1PF milk more than those with lower baseline U-gal levels. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT06763185. </p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12958625/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146113886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}