{"title":"晚间进食及能量和宏量营养素质量与肥胖之间的关系：2003-2016 年美国国家健康与营养调查 (NHANES)。","authors":"Wanying Hou, Weiqi Wang, Changhao Sun","doi":"10.1186/s12937-025-01094-9","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the associations between evening eating and quality of energy and macronutrients and obesity among U.S. adults.</p><p><strong>Subjects/methods: </strong>This study adopted the data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2003-2016), which involved a total of 27,911 participants. The differences in the ratios of energy and macronutrients with it is subgroups at dinner versus breakfast (ΔRatio) were categorized into quartiles. The differences in the consumption of 17 types of food at dinner versus breakfast (ΔFoods) were considered as continuous variables. Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) were used to define general obesity (30.0 ≤ BMI < 40.0), morbid obesity (BMI ≥ 40.0), and abdominal obesity (WC > 102 cm for men or WC > 88 cm for women). Multiple logistic and linear regression models were developed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After a variety of covariates were adjusted, participants in the highest quartile (higher energy/macronutrient intake at dinner than breakfast) of the ΔRatio in terms of energy were positively associated with morbid obesity compared with those in the lowest quartile (OR<sub>ΔRatio of energy</sub> 1.27; 95% CI 1.01;1.61) from fat (OR<sub>ΔRatio of fat</sub> 1.27, 95% CI 1.01;1.60); saturated fatty acids(OR<sub>ΔRatio of SFA</sub> 1.27, 95% CI 1.01;1.59) and unsaturated fatty acids (OR<sub>ΔRatio of USFA</sub> 1.28, 95% CI 1.02;1.5). The highest quartile of the ΔRatio of low-quality carbohydrates was associated with increased odds of abdominal obesity (OR<sub>ΔRatio of low-quality carbohydrates</sub> 1.16; 95%CI 1.03-1.31). Moreover, the ΔRatio of low-quality carbohydrates was significantly positively associated with BMI (coefficient: 0.562, 95% CI: 0.217-0.907). ΔFoods, including whole fruits, other starchy vegetables, added sugars, poultry, dairy, and nuts, were positively associated with obesity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In conclusion, with this nationally representative sample of U.S adults, this study demonstrated that excessive intake of energy at dinner than breakfast during a day was associated with a greater risk of obesity, mainly from low-quality carbohydrates, fat, SFAs, and USFA. This study emphasized the importance of diet quality and evening eating in the prevention of obesity.</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"33"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4000,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11869462/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"The associations between evening eating and quality of energy and macronutrients and obesity: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2003-2016.\",\"authors\":\"Wanying Hou, Weiqi Wang, Changhao Sun\",\"doi\":\"10.1186/s12937-025-01094-9\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the associations between evening eating and quality of energy and macronutrients and obesity among U.S. adults.</p><p><strong>Subjects/methods: </strong>This study adopted the data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2003-2016), which involved a total of 27,911 participants. The differences in the ratios of energy and macronutrients with it is subgroups at dinner versus breakfast (ΔRatio) were categorized into quartiles. The differences in the consumption of 17 types of food at dinner versus breakfast (ΔFoods) were considered as continuous variables. Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) were used to define general obesity (30.0 ≤ BMI < 40.0), morbid obesity (BMI ≥ 40.0), and abdominal obesity (WC > 102 cm for men or WC > 88 cm for women). Multiple logistic and linear regression models were developed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After a variety of covariates were adjusted, participants in the highest quartile (higher energy/macronutrient intake at dinner than breakfast) of the ΔRatio in terms of energy were positively associated with morbid obesity compared with those in the lowest quartile (OR<sub>ΔRatio of energy</sub> 1.27; 95% CI 1.01;1.61) from fat (OR<sub>ΔRatio of fat</sub> 1.27, 95% CI 1.01;1.60); saturated fatty acids(OR<sub>ΔRatio of SFA</sub> 1.27, 95% CI 1.01;1.59) and unsaturated fatty acids (OR<sub>ΔRatio of USFA</sub> 1.28, 95% CI 1.02;1.5). The highest quartile of the ΔRatio of low-quality carbohydrates was associated with increased odds of abdominal obesity (OR<sub>ΔRatio of low-quality carbohydrates</sub> 1.16; 95%CI 1.03-1.31). Moreover, the ΔRatio of low-quality carbohydrates was significantly positively associated with BMI (coefficient: 0.562, 95% CI: 0.217-0.907). ΔFoods, including whole fruits, other starchy vegetables, added sugars, poultry, dairy, and nuts, were positively associated with obesity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In conclusion, with this nationally representative sample of U.S adults, this study demonstrated that excessive intake of energy at dinner than breakfast during a day was associated with a greater risk of obesity, mainly from low-quality carbohydrates, fat, SFAs, and USFA. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
背景：本研究旨在调查美国成年人夜间饮食与能量和常量营养素质量以及肥胖之间的关系。研究对象/方法：本研究采用2003-2016年全国健康与营养检查调查数据，共涉及27,911名参与者。晚餐与早餐（ΔRatio）的能量和常量营养素比例的差异被分为四分位数。17种食物在晚餐和早餐的消费差异（ΔFoods）被认为是连续变量。用体重指数（BMI）和腰围（WC）来定义一般肥胖（男性体重指数30.0≤102cm，女性腰围30.0≤88cm）。建立了多元逻辑回归和线性回归模型。结果：在调整了各种协变量后，能量ΔRatio最高四分位数（晚餐能量/常量营养素摄入量高于早餐）的参与者与病态肥胖呈正相关，而能量最低四分位数(ORΔRatio能量1.27；95% CI 1.01;1.61)来自脂肪（ORΔRatio of fat 1.27, 95% CI 1.01;1.60）；饱和脂肪酸（ORΔRatio of SFA 1.27, 95% CI 1.01;1.59）和不饱和脂肪酸（ORΔRatio of USFA 1.28, 95% CI 1.02;1.5）。低质量碳水化合物的最高四分位数ΔRatio与腹部肥胖的几率增加有关(低质量碳水化合物的ORΔRatio为1.16；95%可信区间1.03 - -1.31)。此外，低质量碳水化合物的ΔRatio与BMI呈显著正相关（系数：0.562,95% CI: 0.217-0.907）。ΔFoods，包括整个水果，其他淀粉类蔬菜，添加糖，家禽，乳制品和坚果，都与肥胖呈正相关。结论：总而言之，这项具有全国代表性的美国成年人样本表明，一天中晚餐摄入的能量比早餐摄入的能量过多与肥胖风险增加有关，主要来自低质量的碳水化合物、脂肪、SFAs和USFA。这项研究强调了饮食质量和夜间饮食在预防肥胖中的重要性。
The associations between evening eating and quality of energy and macronutrients and obesity: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2003-2016.
Background: This study aimed to investigate the associations between evening eating and quality of energy and macronutrients and obesity among U.S. adults.
Subjects/methods: This study adopted the data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2003-2016), which involved a total of 27,911 participants. The differences in the ratios of energy and macronutrients with it is subgroups at dinner versus breakfast (ΔRatio) were categorized into quartiles. The differences in the consumption of 17 types of food at dinner versus breakfast (ΔFoods) were considered as continuous variables. Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) were used to define general obesity (30.0 ≤ BMI < 40.0), morbid obesity (BMI ≥ 40.0), and abdominal obesity (WC > 102 cm for men or WC > 88 cm for women). Multiple logistic and linear regression models were developed.
Results: After a variety of covariates were adjusted, participants in the highest quartile (higher energy/macronutrient intake at dinner than breakfast) of the ΔRatio in terms of energy were positively associated with morbid obesity compared with those in the lowest quartile (ORΔRatio of energy 1.27; 95% CI 1.01;1.61) from fat (ORΔRatio of fat 1.27, 95% CI 1.01;1.60); saturated fatty acids(ORΔRatio of SFA 1.27, 95% CI 1.01;1.59) and unsaturated fatty acids (ORΔRatio of USFA 1.28, 95% CI 1.02;1.5). The highest quartile of the ΔRatio of low-quality carbohydrates was associated with increased odds of abdominal obesity (ORΔRatio of low-quality carbohydrates 1.16; 95%CI 1.03-1.31). Moreover, the ΔRatio of low-quality carbohydrates was significantly positively associated with BMI (coefficient: 0.562, 95% CI: 0.217-0.907). ΔFoods, including whole fruits, other starchy vegetables, added sugars, poultry, dairy, and nuts, were positively associated with obesity.
Conclusions: In conclusion, with this nationally representative sample of U.S adults, this study demonstrated that excessive intake of energy at dinner than breakfast during a day was associated with a greater risk of obesity, mainly from low-quality carbohydrates, fat, SFAs, and USFA. This study emphasized the importance of diet quality and evening eating in the prevention of obesity.
期刊介绍：
Nutrition Journal publishes surveillance, epidemiologic, and intervention research that sheds light on i) influences (e.g., familial, environmental) on eating patterns; ii) associations between eating patterns and health, and iii) strategies to improve eating patterns among populations. The journal also welcomes manuscripts reporting on the psychometric properties (e.g., validity, reliability) and feasibility of methods (e.g., for assessing dietary intake) for human nutrition research. In addition, study protocols for controlled trials and cohort studies, with an emphasis on methods for assessing dietary exposures and outcomes as well as intervention components, will be considered.
Manuscripts that consider eating patterns holistically, as opposed to solely reductionist approaches that focus on specific dietary components in isolation, are encouraged. Also encouraged are papers that take a holistic or systems perspective in attempting to understand possible compensatory and differential effects of nutrition interventions. The journal does not consider animal studies.
In addition to the influence of eating patterns for human health, we also invite research providing insights into the environmental sustainability of dietary practices. Again, a holistic perspective is encouraged, for example, through the consideration of how eating patterns might maximize both human and planetary health.
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