Neuroscience Research最新文献_第2页

In vivo two-photon imaging reveals stochastic and synchronized extracellular signal-regulated kinase dynamics in neurons of awake mice 体内双光子成像揭示了清醒小鼠神经元中随机和同步的细胞外信号调节激酶动力学。

IF 2.3 4区医学

Neuroscience Research Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2026.105032

Ceylin Zeybek , Yohei Kondo , Michiyuki Matsuda , Hiroko Yukinaga

{"title":"In vivo two-photon imaging reveals stochastic and synchronized extracellular signal-regulated kinase dynamics in neurons of awake mice","authors":"Ceylin Zeybek , Yohei Kondo , Michiyuki Matsuda , Hiroko Yukinaga","doi":"10.1016/j.neures.2026.105032","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neures.2026.105032","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The neocortex is essential for higher-order brain functions such as cognition, perception, language, and motor control. Although extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activity in neurons has been well studied for its role in memory formation, its activity patterns in the awake mice brain remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the spatiotemporal dynamics of ERK activity in neocortical neurons of awake mice using <em>in vivo</em> imaging. We used Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based biosensor and two-photon microscopy to examine ERK activity <em>in vivo</em> through a cranial window. Visual cortical neurons exhibited NMDA receptor-dependent ERK activation in response to visual stimuli. Beyond stimulus-induced activation, we discovered spontaneous and stochastic ERK activation patterns categorized as single, multi-pulsatile, and sustained activations, which were consistent across various cortical regions, including the visual and somatosensory cortices. Furthermore, synchronized ERK activation among neurons was observed, suggesting a coordinated ERK activation mechanism within neuronal networks that may contribute to sensory information processing. These findings reveal a highly dynamic ERK activation in neocortical cells and provide new insights regarding the functional role of ERK in the awake brain.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19146,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience Research","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 105032"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146119560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Triple equivalence in modelling insight and creativity: Classical and quantum perspectives 三重等效建模洞察力和创造力：经典和量子的观点。

IF 2.3 4区医学

Neuroscience Research Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2026.105025

Takuya Isomura

{"title":"Triple equivalence in modelling insight and creativity: Classical and quantum perspectives","authors":"Takuya Isomura","doi":"10.1016/j.neures.2026.105025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neures.2026.105025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the emergence of novel ideas in the brain—which is a hallmark of insight and creativity—remains a fundamental challenge in neuroscience. While traditional frameworks such as predictive coding, the Bayesian brain hypothesis, and the free-energy principle emphasise the approximation of external milieu states, internal generative processes that create new ideas rather than imitate remain underexplored. This review proposes a normative account of insight and creativity grounded in a triple equivalence between neural dynamics, Bayesian inference, and algorithmic computation. This equivalence provides a formal framework for understanding how neural circuits driven by mental actions can spontaneously generate creative ideas. Moreover, such creativity requires an efficient exploration of the algorithmic space to minimise free energy. Insight corresponds to a non-local search strategy that enables escape from local minima, thereby distinguishing it from conventional predictive processing. To this end, quasi-quantum neural networks that leverage superpositional coding can be considered to account for efficient global search. From this perspective, insight and creativity emerge through a self-organising exploratory process, offering a view of the brain as a spontaneous algorithm generator, rather than a predictor of its external milieu.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19146,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience Research","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 105025"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146053218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Antidote administration in mice exposed to sarin resulted in brainwave stabilization without cognitive protection 在暴露于沙林的小鼠中给予解毒剂导致脑波稳定，但没有认知保护。

IF 2.3 4区医学

Neuroscience Research Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2025.105013

Mélanie Lagadec , Pauline Thiebot , Isabelle Malissin , Alexandre Champault , Julie Somkhit , Julie Knoertzer , Assia Belkebir , Bruno Megarbane , Karine Thibault , Gregory Dal Bo

{"title":"Antidote administration in mice exposed to sarin resulted in brainwave stabilization without cognitive protection","authors":"Mélanie Lagadec , Pauline Thiebot , Isabelle Malissin , Alexandre Champault , Julie Somkhit , Julie Knoertzer , Assia Belkebir , Bruno Megarbane , Karine Thibault , Gregory Dal Bo","doi":"10.1016/j.neures.2025.105013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neures.2025.105013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Resurgence of sarin use in the Syrian conflict demonstrates that chemical weapons are a vivid threat. Like other organophosphate compounds, sarin inhibits acetylcholinesterase resulting in cholinergic crisis. The current antidote therapy includes atropine (a muscarinic cholinergic antagonist) + an oxime (e.g., pralidoxime) to reactivate the inhibited cholinesterases. Long-term sequelae reported in victims of the 1995 Tokyo subway sarin attack emphasize the need to improve neuroprotection and to delineate more precise biomarkers of intoxication severity. Previously, we proposed that brain oscillations could indicate exposure severity to a sublethal dose of a neurotoxic agent. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of atropine + pralidoxime in mice exposed to a sublethal dose of sarin (0.9 LD<sub>50</sub>) on changes in short-term recovery, brainwaves and behavioral patterns. We demonstrated the benefits of the antidotes on alleviation of the sarin-induced encephalopathy, stabilization of brain oscillations, and attenuation of anhedonia behavior. Nevertheless, mice exhibited work memory impairments associated with the disruption of theta oscillations during the task, the disruption of sleep architecture and the anxiety-like behavior when exposed to the non-convulsive sarin dose. These outcomes were not mitigated by atropine + pralidoxime administration. Our findings suggest that the currently recommended antidote for sarin poisoning provides only partial neuroprotection. Despite stabilizing brain waves in resting state, current antidote is not effective in preventing long-term neurobehavioral complications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19146,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience Research","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 105013"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145889781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Body size predicts the selection of defensive behavioral strategies 体型预测防御行为策略的选择。

IF 2.3 4区医学

Neuroscience Research Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2025.105007

Yusuke Kasuga , Tomoya Ohnuki , Kun-Lin Hsieh , Joshua P. Johansen

引用次数: 0

Inhibition of calcium-sensing receptors improves intestinal motility in obese mice through enteric neurons and vagal center 钙敏感受体的抑制通过肠道神经元和迷走神经中枢改善肥胖小鼠肠道运动。

IF 2.3 4区医学

Neuroscience Research Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2025.105008

Zigan Zhao , Qian Xu , Ziyi Zhang , Xiaotong Wu , Xiao Luan , Xinyi Chen , Xiangrong Sun

{"title":"Inhibition of calcium-sensing receptors improves intestinal motility in obese mice through enteric neurons and vagal center","authors":"Zigan Zhao , Qian Xu , Ziyi Zhang , Xiaotong Wu , Xiao Luan , Xinyi Chen , Xiangrong Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.neures.2025.105008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neures.2025.105008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is expressed in the gastrointestinal tract and plays a key role in regulating gastrointestinal functions, including motility. However, the effect of CaSR on the gastrointestinal motility of obese mice remains unclear. Our findings revealed that CaSR expression was elevated in the enteric nervous system (ENS) of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice, and its expression was reduced by the CaSR antagonist NPS-2143. While NPS-2143 had no significant effect on gastric emptying, it notably shortened intestinal transit time in obese mice. Mechanistically, NPS-2143 enhanced cholinergic and serotonergic signaling while inhibiting nitrergic and dopaminergic signaling in the ENS. Additionally, it increased c-fos-positive neurons in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) and cholinergic neurons in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV). However, NPS-2143 also blocked voltage-dependent calcium channels, exerting a direct inhibitory effect on intestinal muscle strips <em>ex vivo</em>. These results suggest that inhibiting CaSR with NPS-2143 improves intestinal motility in obese mice, despite its direct inhibitory effect on intestinal strips. This improvement involves the participation of enteric neurons and vagal centers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19146,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience Research","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 105008"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145763465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Nigral dopaminergic contact patterns related to striatal regions and cell types in male mice 雄性小鼠纹状体区域和细胞类型相关的黑质多巴胺能接触模式。

IF 2.3 4区医学

Neuroscience Research Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2025.105011

Yang Yang , Fuyuki Karube , Kenta Kobayashi , Fumino Fujiyama

{"title":"Nigral dopaminergic contact patterns related to striatal regions and cell types in male mice","authors":"Yang Yang , Fuyuki Karube , Kenta Kobayashi , Fumino Fujiyama","doi":"10.1016/j.neures.2025.105011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neures.2025.105011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dopaminergic (DA) neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) form widespread projections to the dorsal striatum, yet whether these axons exhibit region or cell-type-specific structural organization remains unclear. Using AAV1-assisted anterograde trans-neuronal labeling combined with confocal three-dimensional reconstruction, we examined putative appositions between SNc-derived DA axons and three striatal neuron types—parvalbumin-positive interneurons (PV-INs), cholinergic interneurons (CINs), and preproenkephalin-positive indirect-pathway medium spiny neurons (PPE-iMSNs)—in the dorsomedial (DMS) and dorsolateral striatum (DLS). DA varicosities formed close appositions on both somata and dendrites of all neuron types. Quantitative analyses revealed significantly greater somatic appositions and a greater number of axons forming contacts in CINs of the DMS than in the DLS, whereas dendritic appositions exhibited modest variability depending on region and cell type. These findings indicate that DA axons form distinct region-specific contact patterns, particularly enhancing somatic appositions on cholinergic interneurons in the DMS. This anatomical specialization may contribute to differential DA modulation underlying goal-directed versus habitual behaviors mediated by DMS and DLS circuits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19146,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience Research","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 105011"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145800590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Chemogenetic suppression of the macaque dorsolateral prefrontal cortex during oculomotor tasks reveals its role in inhibitory control 猕猴动眼肌任务中背外侧前额叶皮层的化学发生抑制揭示其在抑制控制中的作用。

IF 2.3 4区医学

Neuroscience Research Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2025.105010

Jiasen Jiang , Masamichi Sakagami , Ken-ichi Inoue , Masahiko Takada , Mineki Oguchi

{"title":"Chemogenetic suppression of the macaque dorsolateral prefrontal cortex during oculomotor tasks reveals its role in inhibitory control","authors":"Jiasen Jiang , Masamichi Sakagami , Ken-ichi Inoue , Masahiko Takada , Mineki Oguchi","doi":"10.1016/j.neures.2025.105010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neures.2025.105010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Goal-directed behavior relies on the ability to suppress inappropriate or premature actions, an executive function termed inhibitory control. The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) is known to play a crucial role in this process; however, how its neural activity supports inhibition, and whether this role is distinct from working memory, remains unclear. To address this question, we combined chemogenetic suppression of the dlPFC with oculomotor paradigms in macaque monkeys. Two monkeys performed memory-guided (MGS), visually guided (VGS), and memory-guided with distractor (MGSD) saccade tasks while neuronal activity was recorded. Systemic administration of deschloroclozapine (DCZ) to activate inhibitory hM4Di receptors markedly increased fixation breaks during delay periods across all tasks, including the VGS task with minimal memory demands. In contrast, errors in saccade direction—indicative of memory failure—remained unaffected, even under high cognitive load (MGSD). Local field potential recordings revealed consistent reductions in gamma-band power following DCZ administration. These results indicate that the dlPFC supports inhibitory control in a manner dissociable from working memory processes. Our findings offer translational insights into the neural mechanisms underlying impulsivity and inhibitory deficits in psychiatric disorders.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19146,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience Research","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 105010"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145800594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Gradual proactive regulation of body state by reinforcement learning of homeostasis 通过强化体内平衡学习对身体状态的逐步主动调节。

IF 2.3 4区医学

Neuroscience Research Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2026.105021

Mana Fujiwara , Honda Naoki

{"title":"Gradual proactive regulation of body state by reinforcement learning of homeostasis","authors":"Mana Fujiwara , Honda Naoki","doi":"10.1016/j.neures.2026.105021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neures.2026.105021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Living systems maintain physiological variables such as temperature, blood pressure, and glucose within narrow ranges—a process known as homeostasis. Homeostasis involves not only reactive feedback but also anticipatory adjustments shaped by experience. Prior homeostatic reinforcement learning (HRL) models have provided a computational account of anticipatory regulation under homeostatic challenges. However, existing formulations lack mechanisms for gradual, trial-by-trial adjustment and for extinction learning. To address this issue, we developed a continuous HRL framework that enables trial-wise tuning of anticipatory regulation. The model incorporates biologically informed components: asymmetric reinforcement, weighting negative outcomes more than positive outcomes; and a dual-unit, context-gated inhibitory mechanism. We applied the framework to thermoregulatory conditioning with ethanol-induced hypothermia and successfully reproduced cue-triggered compensation, gradual tolerance, and rapid reacquisition after extinction. We then extended the framework to multiple physiological variables influenced by shared neural or hormonal control signals, where compensating one variable can necessarily incur costs in others (e.g., heating at the expense of a fuel-like resource). Under uneven regulatory priorities, deviations propagated through shared control, yielding cascading, system-wide failure to stabilize near the ideal state—a failure mode discussed in autonomic dysregulation (e.g., dysautonomia, myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome). Overall, our framework provides a computational basis to advances a systems-level understanding of multi-organ homeostatic dysregulation in vivo.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19146,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience Research","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 105021"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145945126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A novel probe for precise and symmetric bilateral in utero electroporation in the mouse 一种用于小鼠子宫内精确对称双侧电穿孔的新型探针。

IF 2.3 4区医学

Neuroscience Research Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2025.105009

Eichi Toyoizumi , Arthur J.Y. Huang , Dai Yanagihara , Tomomi Shimogori , Thomas J. McHugh

引用次数: 0

An anterior–posterior gradient in hippocampal subfield volumes linking sleep health to cognition in young adults 年轻人海马亚区容量的前后梯度将睡眠健康与认知联系起来。

IF 2.3 4区医学

Neuroscience Research Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2025.105006

Tianfang Han, Tongfang Ding, Shubing Li, Toru Ishihara

{"title":"An anterior–posterior gradient in hippocampal subfield volumes linking sleep health to cognition in young adults","authors":"Tianfang Han, Tongfang Ding, Shubing Li, Toru Ishihara","doi":"10.1016/j.neures.2025.105006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neures.2025.105006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sleep has been robustly linked to hippocampal integrity and is considered important for cognitive function. However, it remains unclear how variations in sleep are associated with the structurally heterogeneous subfields of the hippocampus and how this association relates to cognition in healthy young adults. This study aimed to elucidate the multivariate relationships among sleep duration, quality, and timing, the specific hippocampal subfield volumes, and cognitive functions in a large sample of healthy young adults. We applied multiset canonical correlation analysis to data from 942 young adults (ages 22–37) from the Human Connectome Project. We examined relationships among self-reported sleep parameters (via the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index), high-resolution hippocampal subfield volumes, and a broad set of cognitive performance measures. We identified a single significant mode of covariation, wherein better sleep health—characterized by a moderate sleep duration (reflecting a nonlinear, inverted U-shaped relationship), higher sleep quality (e.g., fewer awakenings, less discomfort), and optimal sleep timing—was robustly associated with larger hippocampal volumes, particularly in the anterior subfields. This sleep–hippocampus pattern was also associated with enhanced cognitive performance. Our findings reveal a specific link among sleep, an anterior-dominant pattern of hippocampal structure, and cognition in healthy young adulthood. This suggests that the anterior hippocampus is a key anatomical structure involved in this association in healthy young adulthood.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19146,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience Research","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 105006"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145701111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0