Neuroscience Research最新文献

Automation in sleep state classification and maturity evaluation of EEG in preterm-born infants. 早产儿脑电图睡眠状态分类与成熟度评价的自动化。

IF 3.2 4区医学

Neuroscience Research Pub Date : 2026-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2026.105139

Ryo Fujihira, Hama Watanabe, Anna Shiraki, Yuji Ito, Takafumi Ushida, Hiroyuki Yamamoto, Tomohiko Nakata, Yoshiaki Sato, Jun Natsume, Hiroyuki Kidokoro, Gentaro Taga

{"title":"Automation in sleep state classification and maturity evaluation of EEG in preterm-born infants.","authors":"Ryo Fujihira, Hama Watanabe, Anna Shiraki, Yuji Ito, Takafumi Ushida, Hiroyuki Yamamoto, Tomohiko Nakata, Yoshiaki Sato, Jun Natsume, Hiroyuki Kidokoro, Gentaro Taga","doi":"10.1016/j.neures.2026.105139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neures.2026.105139","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There is a growing need to automate EEG monitoring of preterm-born infants, particularly where expert evaluation is limited. However, existing models necessitate human intervention for comprehensive assessment, thereby limiting the clinical applicability. We collected 165 EEG records from 65 preterm-born infants. 8-channel EEG records were segmented every 30second and allocated into eight classes (three preterm-equivalent, four term-equivalent, and one noise class). We performed noise detection, sleep state classification, and maturity assessment through the classification. ImageNet pretrained ResNet-50 was finetuned to classify the segmented EEG images. A novel index, named \"maturity rate,\" was calculated as the proportion of term-equivalent labels in each EEG recording. The model achieved a macro F1 score of 0.58 and Cohen's Kappa of 0.58 for the 8-class classification. When the labels were merged into active sleep, quiet sleep, and noise categories, performance improved to an F1 score of 0.84 and Kappa of 0.74. The maturity rate increased continuously with postmenstrual age at the time of recording, reflecting functional brain development beyond the term-preterm dichotomy. Our model enables end-to-end EEG assessment of sleeping newborns by simultaneously performing noise detection, sleep state classification, and maturity assessment, with minimal need for human intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":19146,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience Research","volume":" ","pages":"105139"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149195883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Movement initiation-related signals differ across the caudal cingulate motor area, supplementary motor area, and primary motor cortex for contralateral but less so for ipsilateral movements in monkeys 运动启动相关信号在对侧的尾状扣带运动区、辅助运动区和初级运动皮层之间存在差异，但在同侧运动中差异较小。

IF 3.2 4区医学

Neuroscience Research Pub Date : 2026-10-01 Epub Date: 2026-09-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2026.105123

Yoshihisa Nakayama, Osamu Yokoyama, Yukio Nishimura

{"title":"Movement initiation-related signals differ across the caudal cingulate motor area, supplementary motor area, and primary motor cortex for contralateral but less so for ipsilateral movements in monkeys","authors":"Yoshihisa Nakayama, Osamu Yokoyama, Yukio Nishimura","doi":"10.1016/j.neures.2026.105123","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neures.2026.105123","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The frontal cortex contains multiple motor areas, including the caudal cingulate motor area (CMAc), supplementary motor area (SMA), and primary motor cortex (M1). Although neurons in these areas exhibit activity related to both contralateral and ipsilateral limb movements, whether their contributions to movement initiation differ across areas and effectors remains unclear. Here, we recorded single-neuron activity from the CMAc, SMA, and M1 in monkeys performing a button-press task with either hand and quantified trial-by-trial correlations between spike counts and reaction times to assess initiation-related signals. For contralateral movements, both the proportion of neurons with significant correlations and the magnitude of the correlation increased from the CMAc through the SMA to M1. Among neurons showing significant correlations during contralateral movements, correlation strength remained greater in M1 than in the SMA and CMAc, whereas no difference was observed between the SMA and CMAc. In contrast, for ipsilateral movements, areal differences were weak or absent, with no differences in correlation strength across areas among neurons showing significant correlations during ipsilateral movements. These findings indicate that contralateral movement initiation is associated with both increased neuronal recruitment and stronger single-neuron signaling in M1 than in the CMAc and SMA, whereas ipsilateral movement initiation is associated with more comparable initiation-related signaling across the three motor areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19146,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience Research","volume":"231 ","pages":"Article 105123"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149008785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Title: Intact Motor Sequence Learning but Altered Error-related Brain Activation in Writer’s Cramp 标题：完整的运动序列学习，但改变错误相关的脑激活在作家痉挛。

IF 3.2 4区医学

Neuroscience Research Pub Date : 2026-09-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2026.105125

CA Gless, A Baumann, A Knutzen, S Wolff, O Granert, T Gerke, E Tzvi-Minker, S Seehafer, K Witt, KE Zeuner, I Tödt

{"title":"Title: Intact Motor Sequence Learning but Altered Error-related Brain Activation in Writer’s Cramp","authors":"CA Gless, A Baumann, A Knutzen, S Wolff, O Granert, T Gerke, E Tzvi-Minker, S Seehafer, K Witt, KE Zeuner, I Tödt","doi":"10.1016/j.neures.2026.105125","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neures.2026.105125","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Writer's cramp (WC) is a task-specific arm dystonia with involuntary contractions during writing. While motor circuit dysfunction is well-characterized in WC, the roles of motor learning and error processing remain unclear. We investigated implicit motor sequence learning in WC patients using fMRI during Serial Reaction Time Task (SRTT), focusing on cerebellar activity and error-related processing. 25 WC patients and 17 healthy controls were compared. Both groups showed a comparable sequence-specific advantage with faster reaction times and lower error rates in sequence versus random blocks. WC patients showed significantly higher combined error rates than controls, whereas group differences in reaction time did not reach significance. Speed-accuracy analysis revealed greater accuracy deterioration during fast responses in WC patients. Error trials elicited increased cerebellar activation (right lobule VIII, left lobule IX) in patients. Exploratory analysis revealed absent amygdala deactivation in patients during errors, contrasting the suppression observed in controls, an effect that did not survive whole-brain correction. Our findings indicate preserved implicit sequence learning alongside reduced accuracy of motor execution in WC, particularly under speed demands. Altered cerebellar and amygdala error responses suggest that WC pathophysiology extends beyond traditional motor networks, encompassing disrupted error salience processing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19146,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience Research","volume":"232 ","pages":"Article 105125"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149075339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Convolutional neural networks decode visual stimulus positions from local field potentials on the mouse cortex 卷积神经网络从小鼠皮层的局部场电位解码视觉刺激位置。

IF 3.2 4区医学

Neuroscience Research Pub Date : 2026-08-01 Epub Date: 2026-07-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2026.105093

Shotaro Yamada, Naofumi Suematsu, Hiroyuki Ito

{"title":"Convolutional neural networks decode visual stimulus positions from local field potentials on the mouse cortex","authors":"Shotaro Yamada, Naofumi Suematsu, Hiroyuki Ito","doi":"10.1016/j.neures.2026.105093","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neures.2026.105093","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Decoding visual information based on machine learning has the potential to reveal the neural mechanisms of visual information processing in the brain. Although most highly precise decoding methods require highly invasive electrodes, these electrodes make long-term use difficult because they cause brain damage. To address this issue, we recorded local field potentials (LFPs) from the mouse cortex using custom-made low-invasive electrodes (ECoG with six recording sites) and verified how convolutional neural network (CNN) can decode visual stimulus positions from the LFP signals recorded by these electrodes. We found that the discrimination accuracies based on the cross-validation (39–70%) were significantly higher than the chance level (25%) for all animals. This confirmed that CNNs can extract the neural features of visual stimulus positions, even from low-spatial-resolution LFPs. Furthermore, we showed that visual positional information was primarily encoded during specific time periods of LFPs by using surrogate datasets. Our findings suggest that CNN enables low-invasive electrodes to analyze the visual information processing system and provide tools to understand the neural mechanisms in the brain.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19146,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience Research","volume":"229 ","pages":"Article 105093"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148562705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Endogenous βⅢ-tubulin FRAP reveals microtubule dynamics in living developing neurons 内源性βⅢ-微管蛋白FRAP揭示活的发育神经元的微管动力学。

IF 3.2 4区医学

Neuroscience Research Pub Date : 2026-08-01 Epub Date: 2026-07-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2026.105092

Yuri Sakai, Yuki Ogawa, Hiroaki Misonou

{"title":"Endogenous βⅢ-tubulin FRAP reveals microtubule dynamics in living developing neurons","authors":"Yuri Sakai, Yuki Ogawa, Hiroaki Misonou","doi":"10.1016/j.neures.2026.105092","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neures.2026.105092","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microtubules support neuronal morphology, intracellular transport, and neurite growth, but how microtubule turnover is regulated across neuronal compartments remains incompletely understood. To examine microtubule dynamics under physiological expression conditions, we expressed EGFP-tagged βIII-tubulin from the endogenous Tubb3 locus in cultured rat hippocampal neurons and measured tubulin turnover using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP). FRAP analysis revealed pronounced spatial differences in microtubule dynamics at 9 days in vitro (DIV), with the highest turnover observed in growth cones and substantially slower turnover in dendrites, axons, and the axon initial segment (AIS). Microtubule turnover further decreased between 9 and 17 DIV in dendrites and axons, indicating progressive stabilization during neuronal maturation, whereas turnover in the AIS remained largely unchanged. Analysis of EB3 comet dynamics suggested that microtubule polymerization contributes substantially to tubulin turnover. In addition, manipulation of the dendritic microtubule-associated protein MAP-2 altered tubulin FRAP, indicating that MAP-2 contributes to the regulation of neuronal microtubule dynamics. Together, these results demonstrate that microtubule turnover is spatially and developmentally regulated in neurons.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19146,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience Research","volume":"229 ","pages":"Article 105092"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148471915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cellular and molecular networks governing myelination dynamics in the central nervous system 中枢神经系统髓鞘形成动力学的细胞和分子网络。

IF 3.2 4区医学

Neuroscience Research Pub Date : 2026-08-01 Epub Date: 2026-07-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2026.105091

Yong Wang, Manyue Ge, Ting Li, Zhenghao Li, Xiaoyu Shi, Jingyi Guo, Cheng He, Pengfei Yang, Qi Shao, Peng Liu

{"title":"Cellular and molecular networks governing myelination dynamics in the central nervous system","authors":"Yong Wang, Manyue Ge, Ting Li, Zhenghao Li, Xiaoyu Shi, Jingyi Guo, Cheng He, Pengfei Yang, Qi Shao, Peng Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.neures.2026.105091","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neures.2026.105091","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Myelin, a multilamellar membrane structure enwrapping axons, is essential for rapid saltatory conduction, metabolic support, and long-term axonal integrity in the central nervous system (CNS). Myelination by oligodendrocytes (OLs) constitutes a highly dynamic and orchestrated process, encompassing distinct stages: target axon recognition, axonal wrapping, membrane expansion, and compaction. This review comprehensively summarizes recent advances in understanding the dynamics of CNS myelination which is spatiotemporally regulated through a complex interplay of membrane protein interaction, neuronal activity, metabolic checkpoints, and mechanosensory mechanisms. We highlight how adhesive molecules, cytoskeletal dynamics, and polarized membrane trafficking collectively drive the precise spiraling of myelin around axons. Furthermore, we emphasize the indispensable non-cell autonomous roles of astrocytes and microglia, which contribute critically through lipid transfer, phagocytic refinement, and modulation of the extracellular matrix. Beyond development, we discuss mechanisms that sustain myelin homeostasis, such as autophagy-lysosomal clearance. By integrating these mechanistic insights, we not only underscore the exquisite precision of CNS myelination but also illuminate potential therapeutic targets for demyelinating disorders.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19146,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience Research","volume":"229 ","pages":"Article 105091"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148471849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Toward a unified theory of prediction and action 神经科学研究特刊：迈向预测与行动的统一理论。

IF 2.3 4区医学

Neuroscience Research Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2026.105033

Takuya Isomura

引用次数: 0

Real-time classification of cortical slow-wave states by a machine learning model 基于机器学习模型的皮层慢波状态实时分类。

IF 2.3 4区医学

Neuroscience Research Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2026.105024

Minato Uemura , Hiroyuki Mizuno , Yuji Ikegaya , Tetsuhiko Kashima

引用次数: 0

Hippocampal myelin damage contributes to cognitive impairment in a rat model of trigeminal neuropathic pain: Neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of atorvastatin 三叉神经性疼痛大鼠模型海马髓鞘损伤导致认知障碍：阿托伐他汀的神经保护和抗炎作用

IF 2.3 4区医学

Neuroscience Research Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2026.105022

Yongkui Yang , Youzhi Ning , Shuangchun Peng , Changli Liao , Jia Fu , Jiaomei Zhao , Cehua Ou , Yue Zhang

{"title":"Hippocampal myelin damage contributes to cognitive impairment in a rat model of trigeminal neuropathic pain: Neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of atorvastatin","authors":"Yongkui Yang , Youzhi Ning , Shuangchun Peng , Changli Liao , Jia Fu , Jiaomei Zhao , Cehua Ou , Yue Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.neures.2026.105022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neures.2026.105022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chronic neuropathic pain is increasingly recognized to impair cognitive function, yet its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study tested whether trigeminal neuropathic pain (TNP) modeled by distal infraorbital nerve chronic constriction injury (dION-CCI) provokes hippocampal myelin damage associated with cognitive dysfunction, and whether atorvastatin attenuates mechanical hypersensitivity and cognitive deficits. We also explored whether these effects relate to attenuation of the CD95/CD95L (Fas/Fas ligand)–NF-κB–interleukin-1β (IL-1β) axis and preservation of myelin integrity. Behavioral assessments included facial mechanical withdrawal threshold testing and Morris water maze analysis of spatial learning and memory. Hippocampal myelin integrity was examined using Western blotting of myelin basic protein (MBP), immunofluorescence, transmission electron microscopy, and Luxol Fast Blue staining. TNP rats exhibited significant facial mechanical hypersensitivity and impaired spatial learning, accompanied by decreased MBP expression and myelin disruption. Atorvastatin (10 mg/kg/day) attenuated mechanical hypersensitivity, improved learning ability, preserved myelin structure, and restored MBP levels. Inflammatory markers including CD95, CD95L, NF-κB, and IL-1β were elevated in TNP rats and downregulated by atorvastatin. These findings suggest that hippocampal myelin damage may underlie TNP-related cognitive deficits, and atorvastatin may exert neuroprotective effects by mitigating neuroinflammation and myelin injury.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19146,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience Research","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 105022"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145996492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A novel brainstem-targeted G51D α-synuclein fibril-injected mouse model exhibits sequential emergence of sleep and motor dysfunction 一种新的脑干靶向G51D α-突触核蛋白原纤维注射小鼠模型显示连续出现睡眠和运动功能障碍。

IF 2.3 4区医学

Neuroscience Research Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2026.105023

Shinnosuke Yasugaki , Ami Kaneko , Hibiki Okamura , Hideki Hayakawa , Kensuke Ikenaka , Cesar Aguirre , Masashi Yanagisawa , Hideki Mochizuki , Kousuke Baba , Yu Hayashi

{"title":"A novel brainstem-targeted G51D α-synuclein fibril-injected mouse model exhibits sequential emergence of sleep and motor dysfunction","authors":"Shinnosuke Yasugaki , Ami Kaneko , Hibiki Okamura , Hideki Hayakawa , Kensuke Ikenaka , Cesar Aguirre , Masashi Yanagisawa , Hideki Mochizuki , Kousuke Baba , Yu Hayashi","doi":"10.1016/j.neures.2026.105023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neures.2026.105023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Abnormal accumulation of alpha-synuclein (α-syn) is a central pathologic hallmark of synucleinopathies such as Parkinson’s disease (PD), with rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) widely recognized as a prodromal manifestation of these disorders. Although several mouse models recapitulate the α-syn pathology, most fail to reproduce the brainstem-originating pathology propagation proposed by Braak and do not exhibit the RBD-like phenotypes expected in the prodromal phase. Here, we focused on the G51D mutation of α-syn, a familial PD-associated variant that leads to early disease onset and severe clinical symptoms. We microinjected G51D mutant α-syn fibrils into the pontine tegmental area of the brainstem in mice, a region critically involved in REM sleep regulation, and evaluated the effects on sleep architecture, pathologic progression, and motor function. Our results revealed that microinjection of G51D fibrils into the brainstem induces more extensive pathologic changes compared with wild-type fibrils and leads to the sequential emergence of RBD-like behaviors, motor deficits, and dopaminergic neuronal loss. These findings support the hypothesis that the G51D mutation worsens disease severity and establish this model as a valuable tool for investigating the mechanisms underlying synucleinopathies and their prodromal symptoms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19146,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience Research","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 105023"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145998618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0