Nature Physics最新文献_第5页

IF 19.6 1区物理与天体物理

Nature Physics Pub Date : 2025-06-13 DOI: 10.1038/s41567-025-02949-y

Stefanie Reichert

{"title":"Take protons for a ride","authors":"Stefanie Reichert","doi":"10.1038/s41567-025-02949-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-025-02949-y","url":null,"abstract":"In this proof-of-principle demonstration, the team loaded around 100 protons into BASE-STEP, a 900-kg Penning-trap system. With the help of two overhead cranes and a trailer, the system was then transported across the hall of the antimatter factory to the loading bay and onto the truck. BASE-STEP features shielding, support structures and transport frames, along with an uninterruptible power supply with two battery units and a liquid helium tank to enable continuous operation of the superconducting magnet system during transport — for up to four hours. Once connected to the power grid, cryogenic temperatures could be maintained using a pulse-tube cooler.The truck covered a distance of around 3.7 kilometres and reached a maximum velocity of around 42 kilometres per hour. During this drive, Leonhardt and colleagues monitored the performance of the system, including the temperature of the superconducting magnet and the stability of the proton cloud within the trap. After bringing BASE-STEP back to its original location, the team showed that they could separate fractions of the proton cloud and eject them from the trap. This completed the successful demonstration of lossless transport of a trapped proton cloud, representing an important step towards transporting antiprotons to laboratories reachable within a four-hour limit.","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144278562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Quasicrystal stability and nucleation kinetics from density functional theory 准晶稳定性和成核动力学的密度泛函理论

IF 19.6 1区物理与天体物理

Nature Physics Pub Date : 2025-06-13 DOI: 10.1038/s41567-025-02925-6

Woohyeon Baek, Sambit Das, Shibo Tan, Vikram Gavini, Wenhao Sun

{"title":"Quasicrystal stability and nucleation kinetics from density functional theory","authors":"Woohyeon Baek, Sambit Das, Shibo Tan, Vikram Gavini, Wenhao Sun","doi":"10.1038/s41567-025-02925-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-025-02925-6","url":null,"abstract":"The aperiodic order of quasicrystals bridges the amorphous and crystalline regime, so it has remained unclear whether quasicrystals are metastable or stable phases of matter. Density functional theory is often used to evaluate thermodynamic stability, but quasicrystals are long-range aperiodic and their energies cannot be calculated using conventional ab initio methods. Here, we perform first-principles calculations on quasicrystal nanoparticles of increasing size, from which we can directly extrapolate their bulk and surface energies. Using this technique, we determine with high confidence that the icosahedral quasicrystals ScZn7.33 and YbCd5.7 are ground-state phases, thus revealing that translational symmetry is not a necessary condition for the zero-temperature stability of inorganic solids. Although we found the ScZn7.33 quasicrystal to be thermodynamically stable, we show on a mixed thermodynamic and kinetic phase diagram that its solidification from the melt is limited by nucleation, which illustrates why even stable materials may be kinetically challenging to grow. Our techniques broadly open the door to first-principles investigations into the structure–bonding–stability relationships of aperiodic materials.","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144278564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A geometric incompatibility by any other name 几何不相容的另一个名称

IF 19.6 1区物理与天体物理

Nature Physics Pub Date : 2025-06-13 DOI: 10.1038/s41567-025-02951-4

David Abergel

引用次数: 0

Triple jump forward 三级跳

IF 19.6 1区物理与天体物理

Nature Physics Pub Date : 2025-06-13 DOI: 10.1038/s41567-025-02958-x

引用次数: 0

Science diplomacy is in trouble 科学外交陷入困境

IF 19.6 1区物理与天体物理

Nature Physics Pub Date : 2025-06-12 DOI: 10.1038/s41567-025-02911-y

V. M. Castaño, G. Violini

引用次数: 0

Ultrasensitive single-ion electrometry in a magnetic field gradient 磁场梯度下的超灵敏单离子电测法

IF 19.6 1区物理与天体物理

Nature Physics Pub Date : 2025-06-11 DOI: 10.1038/s41567-025-02887-9

F. Bonus, C. Knapp, C. H. Valahu, M. Mironiuc, S. Weidt, W. K. Hensinger

{"title":"Ultrasensitive single-ion electrometry in a magnetic field gradient","authors":"F. Bonus, C. Knapp, C. H. Valahu, M. Mironiuc, S. Weidt, W. K. Hensinger","doi":"10.1038/s41567-025-02887-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-025-02887-9","url":null,"abstract":"Hyperfine energy levels in trapped ions offer long-lived spin states. In addition, the motion of these charged particles couples strongly to electric field perturbations. These characteristics make trapped ions attractive platforms for the quantum sensing of electric fields. However, the spin states do not exhibit a strong intrinsic coupling to electric fields, lim iting the achievable sensitivity. Here, we amplify the coupling between electric field perturbations and the spin states by using a static magnetic field gradient. Displacements of the trapped ion resulting from the applied electric field perturbations are thereby mapped to an instantaneous change in the energy-level splitting of the internal spin states. This gradient-mediated coupling of the electric field to the spin enables the use of well-established magnetometry protocols for electrometry, making it possible to achieve extremely sensitive measurements of d.c. and a.c. electric fields. We also employ a rotating-frame relaxometry technique and demonstrate the use of our quantum sensor as an electric field noise spectrum analyser. Finally, we describe a set of hardware modifications that are capable of achieving a further improvement in sensitivity by up to six orders of magnitude.","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":"585 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144260537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Spin-selective magneto-conductivity in WSe2 WSe2的自旋选择性磁导率

IF 19.6 1区物理与天体物理

Nature Physics Pub Date : 2025-06-09 DOI: 10.1038/s41567-025-02918-5

En-Min Shih, Qianhui Shi, Daniel Rhodes, Bumho Kim, Kenji Watanabe, Takashi Taniguchi, Kun Yang, James Hone, Cory R. Dean

{"title":"Spin-selective magneto-conductivity in WSe2","authors":"En-Min Shih, Qianhui Shi, Daniel Rhodes, Bumho Kim, Kenji Watanabe, Takashi Taniguchi, Kun Yang, James Hone, Cory R. Dean","doi":"10.1038/s41567-025-02918-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-025-02918-5","url":null,"abstract":"Material systems that exhibit tunable spin-selective conductivity are key components of spintronic technologies. Here, we demonstrate a mechanism for spin-selective transport that is based on the unusual Landau-level sequence observed in bilayer WSe2 under large applied magnetic fields. We find that the conductivity depends strongly on the relative ordering between conducting electrons with different spins and valleys in a partially filled Landau level and the localized electrons of lower-energy filled Landau levels. We observe that the conductivity is almost completely suppressed when the spin ratio and field-tuned Coulomb energy exceed a critical threshold. We achieve switching between on and off states through either modulation of the external magnetic or electric fields, with many-body interactions driving a collective switching mechanism. In contrast to magnetoresistive heterostructures, this mechanism achieves electrically tunable spin filtering within a single material, driven by the interaction between free and localized spins residing in energy-separated spin-and-valley-polarized bands. Similar spin-selective conductivity may be realizable in flat-band systems at zero magnetic field.","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144237947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The positron arm of a plasma-based linear collider 等离子体线性对撞机的正电子臂

IF 19.6 1区物理与天体物理

Nature Physics Pub Date : 2025-06-06 DOI: 10.1038/s41567-025-02910-z

Chandrashekhar Joshi, Warren B. Mori, Mark J. Hogan

引用次数: 0

Experimentally probing Landauer’s principle in the quantum many-body regime 在量子多体体系中实验探索兰道尔原理

IF 19.6 1区物理与天体物理

Nature Physics Pub Date : 2025-06-05 DOI: 10.1038/s41567-025-02930-9

Stefan Aimet, Mohammadamin Tajik, Gabrielle Tournaire, Philipp Schüttelkopf, João Sabino, Spyros Sotiriadis, Giacomo Guarnieri, Jörg Schmiedmayer, Jens Eisert

{"title":"Experimentally probing Landauer’s principle in the quantum many-body regime","authors":"Stefan Aimet, Mohammadamin Tajik, Gabrielle Tournaire, Philipp Schüttelkopf, João Sabino, Spyros Sotiriadis, Giacomo Guarnieri, Jörg Schmiedmayer, Jens Eisert","doi":"10.1038/s41567-025-02930-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-025-02930-9","url":null,"abstract":"Landauer’s principle bridges information theory and thermodynamics by linking the entropy change of a system during a process to the average energy dissipated to its environment. Although typically discussed in the context of erasing a single bit of information, Landauer’s principle can be generalized to characterize irreversibility in out-of-equilibrium processes, such as those involving complex quantum many-body systems. Specifically, the relation between the entropy change of a system and the energy dissipated to its environment can be decomposed into changes in quantum mutual information and a difference in the relative entropies of the environment. Here, we experimentally probe Landauer’s principle in the quantum many-body regime using a quantum field simulator of ultracold Bose gases. Employing a dynamical tomographic reconstruction scheme, we track the temporal evolution of the quantum field following a global mass quench from a massive to a massless Klein–Gordon model and analyse the thermodynamic and information-theoretic contributions to a generalized entropy production for various system–environment partitions of the composite system. Our results verify the quantum field theoretical calculations, interpreted using a semi-classical quasiparticle picture. Our work demonstrates the ability of ultracold atom-based quantum field simulators to experimentally investigate quantum thermodynamics.","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144218686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

High-efficiency optical training of itinerant two-dimensional magnets 流动二维磁体的高效光学训练

IF 19.6 1区物理与天体物理

Nature Physics Pub Date : 2025-06-04 DOI: 10.1038/s41567-025-02928-3

Ti Xie, Jierui Liang, Dhritiman Bhattacharya, Hasitha Suriya Arachchige, Victor M. Yakovenko, David G. Mandrus, Zi Qiang Qiu, Kai Liu, Cheng Gong

{"title":"High-efficiency optical training of itinerant two-dimensional magnets","authors":"Ti Xie, Jierui Liang, Dhritiman Bhattacharya, Hasitha Suriya Arachchige, Victor M. Yakovenko, David G. Mandrus, Zi Qiang Qiu, Kai Liu, Cheng Gong","doi":"10.1038/s41567-025-02928-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-025-02928-3","url":null,"abstract":"Cooling a material into a ferromagnetic phase can produce arbitrary metastable patterns of magnetic domains rather than a spatially uniform magnetic state. Control over the formation of these patterns could provide non-chemical methods of creating spintronic devices. Here we demonstrate high-efficiency optical training of magnetic domain formation in the two-dimensional van der Waals magnet Fe3GeTe2 during zero-field cooling. At ultralow power densities of around 20 µW µm−2, electrons excited by linearly polarized photons catalyse the formation of larger domains for both spin orientations. Furthermore, circularly polarized photons of the same low power density produce a single domain with its magnetization orientation determined by the optical helicity. We propose that the emergence of this single domain is caused by the optically injected spin-polarized electrons acting as initial magnetic seeds that guide different regions of the sample into the same spin orientation. Our work presents an unconventional route to tailoring spin textures in two-dimensional materials.","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144211360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0