Nature Physics最新文献

Light-induced cortical excitability reveals programmable shape dynamics in starfish oocytes

IF 19.6 1区物理与天体物理

Nature Physics Pub Date : 2025-03-24 DOI: 10.1038/s41567-025-02807-x

Jinghui Liu, Tom Burkart, Alexander Ziepke, John Reinhard, Yu-Chen Chao, Tzer Han Tan, S. Zachary Swartz, Erwin Frey, Nikta Fakhri

{"title":"Light-induced cortical excitability reveals programmable shape dynamics in starfish oocytes","authors":"Jinghui Liu, Tom Burkart, Alexander Ziepke, John Reinhard, Yu-Chen Chao, Tzer Han Tan, S. Zachary Swartz, Erwin Frey, Nikta Fakhri","doi":"10.1038/s41567-025-02807-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-025-02807-x","url":null,"abstract":"Chemo-mechanical waves play a key role in force generation and long-range signal transmission in cells that dynamically change shape, for example, during cell division or morphogenesis. Reconstituting and controlling such chemically controlled cell deformations is a crucial but unsolved challenge for the development of synthetic cells. Here we present an optogenetic method to investigate the mechanism responsible for coordinating surface contraction waves that occur in oocytes of the starfish Patiria miniata during meiotic cell division. Using optogenetic stimuli, we create chemo-mechanical cortical excitations that are decoupled from meiotic cues and drive various shape deformations, ranging from local pinching to surface contraction waves and breakdown of the cell. A quantitative model entailing both chemical and geometry dynamics allows us to predict and explain the variety of mechanical responses to optogenetic stimuli. Finally, we qualitatively map the observed shape dynamics to understand how the versatility of intracellular protein dynamics can give rise to a broad range of mechanical phenotypes. More broadly, our results suggest a route towards real-time control over dynamical deformations in living organisms and can advance the design of synthetic cells and life-like cellular functions.","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143677761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Active membrane deformations of a minimal synthetic cell

IF 19.6 1区物理与天体物理

Nature Physics Pub Date : 2025-03-24 DOI: 10.1038/s41567-025-02839-3

Alfredo Sciortino, Hammad A. Faizi, Dmitry A. Fedosov, Layne Frechette, Petia M. Vlahovska, Gerhard Gompper, Andreas R. Bausch

{"title":"Active membrane deformations of a minimal synthetic cell","authors":"Alfredo Sciortino, Hammad A. Faizi, Dmitry A. Fedosov, Layne Frechette, Petia M. Vlahovska, Gerhard Gompper, Andreas R. Bausch","doi":"10.1038/s41567-025-02839-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-025-02839-3","url":null,"abstract":"Living cells can adapt their shape in response to their environment, a process driven by the interaction between their flexible membrane and the activity of the underlying cytoskeleton. However, the precise physical mechanisms of this coupling remain unclear. Here we show how cytoskeletal forces acting on a biomimetic membrane affect its deformations. Using a minimal cell model that consists of an active network of microtubules and molecular motors encapsulated inside lipid vesicles, we observe large shape fluctuations and travelling membrane deformations. Quantitative analysis of membrane and microtubule dynamics demonstrates how active forces set the temporal scale of vesicle fluctuations, giving rise to fluctuation spectra that differ in both their spatial and temporal decays from their counterparts in thermal equilibrium. Using simulations, we extend the classical framework of membrane fluctuations to active cytoskeleton-driven vesicles, demonstrating how correlated activity governs membrane dynamics and the roles of confinement, membrane material properties and cytoskeletal forces. Our findings provide a quantitative foundation for understanding the shape-morphing abilities of living cells.","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":"57 6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143677717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Deterministic remote entanglement using a chiral quantum interconnect

IF 19.6 1区物理与天体物理

Nature Physics Pub Date : 2025-03-21 DOI: 10.1038/s41567-025-02811-1

Aziza Almanakly, Beatriz Yankelevich, Max Hays, Bharath Kannan, Réouven Assouly, Alex Greene, Michael Gingras, Bethany M. Niedzielski, Hannah Stickler, Mollie E. Schwartz, Kyle Serniak, Joel Î-j. Wang, Terry P. Orlando, Simon Gustavsson, Jeffrey A. Grover, William D. Oliver

{"title":"Deterministic remote entanglement using a chiral quantum interconnect","authors":"Aziza Almanakly, Beatriz Yankelevich, Max Hays, Bharath Kannan, Réouven Assouly, Alex Greene, Michael Gingras, Bethany M. Niedzielski, Hannah Stickler, Mollie E. Schwartz, Kyle Serniak, Joel Î-j. Wang, Terry P. Orlando, Simon Gustavsson, Jeffrey A. Grover, William D. Oliver","doi":"10.1038/s41567-025-02811-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-025-02811-1","url":null,"abstract":"Quantum interconnects facilitate entanglement distribution between non-local computational nodes in a quantum network. For superconducting processors, microwave photons are a natural means to mediate this distribution. However, many existing architectures limit node connectivity and directionality. In this work, we construct a chiral quantum interconnect between two nominally identical modules in separate microwave packages. Our approach uses quantum interference to emit and absorb microwave photons on demand and in a chosen direction between these modules. We optimize our protocol using model-free reinforcement learning to maximize the absorption efficiency. By halting the emission process halfway through its duration, we generate remote entanglement between modules in the form of a four-qubit W state with approximately 62% fidelity in each direction, limited mainly by propagation loss. This quantum network architecture enables all-to-all connectivity between non-local processors for modular and extensible quantum simulation and computation.","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143665867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ferromagnetism and topology of the higher flat band in a fractional Chern insulator

IF 19.6 1区物理与天体物理

Nature Physics Pub Date : 2025-03-20 DOI: 10.1038/s41567-025-02804-0

Heonjoon Park, Jiaqi Cai, Eric Anderson, Xiao-Wei Zhang, Xiaoyu Liu, William Holtzmann, Weijie Li, Chong Wang, Chaowei Hu, Yuzhou Zhao, Takashi Taniguchi, Kenji Watanabe, Jihui Yang, David Cobden, Jiun-haw Chu, Nicolas Regnault, B. Andrei Bernevig, Liang Fu, Ting Cao, Di Xiao, Xiaodong Xu

{"title":"Ferromagnetism and topology of the higher flat band in a fractional Chern insulator","authors":"Heonjoon Park, Jiaqi Cai, Eric Anderson, Xiao-Wei Zhang, Xiaoyu Liu, William Holtzmann, Weijie Li, Chong Wang, Chaowei Hu, Yuzhou Zhao, Takashi Taniguchi, Kenji Watanabe, Jihui Yang, David Cobden, Jiun-haw Chu, Nicolas Regnault, B. Andrei Bernevig, Liang Fu, Ting Cao, Di Xiao, Xiaodong Xu","doi":"10.1038/s41567-025-02804-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-025-02804-0","url":null,"abstract":"The recent observation of the fractional quantum anomalous Hall effect in moiré fractional Chern insulators provides an opportunity to investigate zero magnetic field anyons. One approach for potentially realizing non-abelian anyons is to engineer higher flat Chern bands that mimic higher Landau levels. We investigate the interaction, topology and ferromagnetism of the second moiré miniband in twisted MoTe2 bilayers. At half-filling of the second miniband, we observed spontaneous ferromagnetism and an incipient Chern insulator state. The Chern numbers of the top two moiré flat bands exhibited opposite signs for twist angles above 3.1° but had the same sign near 2.6°, consistent with theoretical predictions. In the 2.6° device, increasing the magnetic field induced a topological phase transition due to band-crossing between opposite valleys, resulting in an emergent state with Chern number C = −2. Additionally, an insulating state at half-filling of the second valley-polarized band indicates that a charge-ordered state is favoured over the fractional Chern insulator state. These findings lay a foundation for understanding the higher flat Chern bands, which are crucial for the discovery of non-abelian fractional Chern insulators.","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143660585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

High-resolution tunnelling spectroscopy of fractional quantum Hall states

IF 19.6 1区物理与天体物理

Nature Physics Pub Date : 2025-03-20 DOI: 10.1038/s41567-025-02830-y

Yuwen Hu, Yen-Chen Tsui, Minhao He, Umut Kamber, Taige Wang, Amir S. Mohammadi, Kenji Watanabe, Takashi Taniguchi, Zlatko Papić, Michael P. Zaletel, Ali Yazdani

引用次数: 0

Superconductivity controlled by twist angle in monolayer NbSe2 on graphene

IF 19.6 1区物理与天体物理

Nature Physics Pub Date : 2025-03-20 DOI: 10.1038/s41567-025-02828-6

Masahiro Naritsuka, Tadashi Machida, Shun Asano, Youichi Yanase, Tetsuo Hanaguri

{"title":"Superconductivity controlled by twist angle in monolayer NbSe2 on graphene","authors":"Masahiro Naritsuka, Tadashi Machida, Shun Asano, Youichi Yanase, Tetsuo Hanaguri","doi":"10.1038/s41567-025-02828-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-025-02828-6","url":null,"abstract":"Superconductivity serves as a basis for non-trivial quantum phenomena and devices, but they often require artificial control of the superconducting gap. In real space, there are various ways to tailor the superconducting gap, such as by introducing interfaces and defects. However, it is challenging to manipulate the superconducting gap in momentum space. Here we demonstrate that the superconducting gap of NbSe2 monolayers on graphene can be modified at specific momenta by changing the twist angle between the layers. Our spectroscopic-imaging-based scanning tunnelling microscopy experiments reveal the interference patterns of Bogoliubov quasiparticles that are twisted with respect to NbSe2 and graphene lattices. We find that these chiral interference patterns originate from the twist-dependent sextet of regions in momentum space in which the Fermi surfaces of the NbSe2 monolayer and graphene overlap. This finding not only broadens our understanding of superconductivity in twisted bilayer systems but also opens up possibilities for designing artificial superconducting materials and devices with tunable properties.","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143660604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Twisted path to Landau levels

IF 19.6 1区物理与天体物理

Nature Physics Pub Date : 2025-03-20 DOI: 10.1038/s41567-025-02837-5

Kenji Yasuda

引用次数: 0

Interplay between topology and correlations in the second moiré band of twisted bilayer MoTe2

IF 19.6 1区物理与天体物理

Nature Physics Pub Date : 2025-03-20 DOI: 10.1038/s41567-025-02803-1

Fan Xu, Xumin Chang, Jiayong Xiao, Yixin Zhang, Feng Liu, Zheng Sun, Ning Mao, Nikolai Peshcherenko, Jiayi Li, Kenji Watanabe, Takashi Taniguchi, Bingbing Tong, Li Lu, Jinfeng Jia, Dong Qian, Zhiwen Shi, Yang Zhang, Xiaoxue Liu, Shengwei Jiang, Tingxin Li

{"title":"Interplay between topology and correlations in the second moiré band of twisted bilayer MoTe2","authors":"Fan Xu, Xumin Chang, Jiayong Xiao, Yixin Zhang, Feng Liu, Zheng Sun, Ning Mao, Nikolai Peshcherenko, Jiayi Li, Kenji Watanabe, Takashi Taniguchi, Bingbing Tong, Li Lu, Jinfeng Jia, Dong Qian, Zhiwen Shi, Yang Zhang, Xiaoxue Liu, Shengwei Jiang, Tingxin Li","doi":"10.1038/s41567-025-02803-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-025-02803-1","url":null,"abstract":"Topological flat bands formed in two-dimensional lattice systems offer an opportunity to study fractional phases of matter in the absence of an external magnetic field. Examples include fractional quantum anomalous Hall effects and fractional topological insulators. Recently, fractional quantum anomalous Hall effects have been experimentally realized in both twisted bilayer MoTe2 and rhombohedral-stacked multilayer graphene on hexagonal boron nitride. These studies focus mainly on the first moiré flat band, but there is a possibility that non-Abelian states could occur in the second moiré band. Here we present a systematic transport study of twisted bilayer MoTe2 devices, focusing on the second moiré band. We observe ferromagnetism in the second moiré band, and a Chern insulator state driven by out-of-plane magnetic fields at a filling factor of three holes per moiré unit cell. Between fillings of 2.2 and 2.7 holes per moiré unit cell, we observe a finite temperature resistivity minimum with a 1/T scaling law at low temperatures and a large out-of-plane negative magnetoresistance. Applying an out-of-plane electric field can induce quantum phase transitions at both integer and fractional filling factors. Our studies lay the groundwork for realizing tunable topological states and other unexpected magnetic phases beyond the first moiré flat band based in twisted MoTe2.","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143660606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A metallic room-temperature d-wave altermagnet

IF 19.6 1区物理与天体物理

Nature Physics Pub Date : 2025-03-18 DOI: 10.1038/s41567-025-02822-y

Bei Jiang, Mingzhe Hu, Jianli Bai, Ziyin Song, Chao Mu, Gexing Qu, Wan Li, Wenliang Zhu, Hanqi Pi, Zhongxu Wei, Yu-Jie Sun, Yaobo Huang, Xiquan Zheng, Yingying Peng, Lunhua He, Shiliang Li, Jianlin Luo, Zheng Li, Genfu Chen, Hang Li, Hongming Weng, Tian Qian

{"title":"A metallic room-temperature d-wave altermagnet","authors":"Bei Jiang, Mingzhe Hu, Jianli Bai, Ziyin Song, Chao Mu, Gexing Qu, Wan Li, Wenliang Zhu, Hanqi Pi, Zhongxu Wei, Yu-Jie Sun, Yaobo Huang, Xiquan Zheng, Yingying Peng, Lunhua He, Shiliang Li, Jianlin Luo, Zheng Li, Genfu Chen, Hang Li, Hongming Weng, Tian Qian","doi":"10.1038/s41567-025-02822-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-025-02822-y","url":null,"abstract":"Altermagnetism is a recently discovered unconventional magnetic phase that is characterized by time-reversal symmetry breaking and spin-split band structures in materials with zero net magnetization. Recently, spin-polarized band structures and a vanishing net magnetization were observed in semiconductors MnTe and MnTe2, confirming this unconventional magnetic order. Metallic altermagnets offer advantages for exploring physical phenomena related to low-energy quasiparticle excitations and for applications in spintronics because the finite electrical conductivity of metals allows direct manipulation of the spin current through the electric field. We demonstrate that KV2Se2O is a metallic room-temperature altermagnet with d-wave spin-momentum locking. Our experiments probe the magnetic and electronic structures of this compound and reveal a highly anisotropic spin-polarized Fermi surface and the emergence of a spin-density-wave order in the altermagnetic phase. These characteristics suggest that KV2Se2O could be a helpful platform for high-performance spintronic devices and for studying many-body effects coupled with unconventional magnetism.","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143640382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Jet hammers and boring ultrasound

IF 19.6 1区物理与天体物理

Nature Physics Pub Date : 2025-03-18 DOI: 10.1038/s41567-025-02833-9

Michael C. Kolios

引用次数: 0