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Coherent coupling and non-destructive measurement of trapped-ion mechanical oscillators 困离子机械振荡器的相干耦合和非破坏性测量

IF 17.6 1区物理与天体物理

Nature Physics Pub Date : 2024-07-29 DOI: 10.1038/s41567-024-02585-y

Pan-Yu Hou, Jenny J. Wu, Stephen D. Erickson, Daniel C. Cole, Giorgio Zarantonello, Adam D. Brandt, Shawn Geller, Alex Kwiatkowski, Scott Glancy, Emanuel Knill, Andrew C. Wilson, Daniel H. Slichter, Dietrich Leibfried

{"title":"Coherent coupling and non-destructive measurement of trapped-ion mechanical oscillators","authors":"Pan-Yu Hou, Jenny J. Wu, Stephen D. Erickson, Daniel C. Cole, Giorgio Zarantonello, Adam D. Brandt, Shawn Geller, Alex Kwiatkowski, Scott Glancy, Emanuel Knill, Andrew C. Wilson, Daniel H. Slichter, Dietrich Leibfried","doi":"10.1038/s41567-024-02585-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41567-024-02585-y","url":null,"abstract":"Precise quantum control and measurement of several harmonic oscillators, such as the modes of the electromagnetic field in a cavity or of mechanical motion, are key for their use as quantum platforms. The motional modes of trapped ions can be individually controlled and have good coherence properties. However, achieving high-fidelity two-mode operations and non-destructive measurements of the motional state has been challenging. Here we demonstrate the coherent exchange of single motional quanta between spectrally separated harmonic motional modes of a trapped-ion crystal. The timing, strength, and phase of the coupling are controlled through an oscillating electric potential with suitable spatial variation. Coupling rates that are much larger than decoherence rates enable demonstrations of high-fidelity quantum state transfer and beam-splitter operations, entanglement of motional modes, and Hong–Ou–Mandel-type interference. Additionally, we use the motional coupling to enable repeated non-destructive projective measurement of a trapped-ion motional state. Our work enhances the suitability of trapped-ion motion for continuous-variable quantum computing and error correction and may provide opportunities to improve the performance of motional cooling and motion-mediated entangling interactions. A lack of non-destructive measurements and difficulty in tuning direct coupling between motional modes limits quantum information processing with trapped ions. Both features have now been achieved in an ion crystal using oscillating electric fields.","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141791075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Flow physics guides morphology of ciliated organs 流动物理学指导纤毛器官的形态学

IF 17.6 1区物理与天体物理

Nature Physics Pub Date : 2024-07-29 DOI: 10.1038/s41567-024-02591-0

Feng Ling, Tara Essock-Burns, Margaret McFall-Ngai, Kakani Katija, Janna C. Nawroth, Eva Kanso

{"title":"Flow physics guides morphology of ciliated organs","authors":"Feng Ling, Tara Essock-Burns, Margaret McFall-Ngai, Kakani Katija, Janna C. Nawroth, Eva Kanso","doi":"10.1038/s41567-024-02591-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41567-024-02591-0","url":null,"abstract":"Organs that pump luminal fluids by the coordinated beat of motile cilia are integral to animal physiology. Such organs include the human airways, brain ventricles and reproductive tracts. Although cilia organization and duct morphology vary drastically in the animal kingdom, ducts are typically classified as carpet or flame designs. The reason behind the appearance of these two different designs and how they relate to fluid pumping remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that two structural parameters—lumen diameter and cilia-to-lumen ratio—organize the observed duct diversity into a continuous spectrum that connects carpets to flames across all animal phyla. Using a unified fluid model, we show that carpets and flames represent trade-offs between flow rate and pressure generation. We propose that the convergence of ciliated organ designs follows functional constraints rather than phylogenetic distance and offer guiding design principles for synthetic ciliary pumps. The ducts of many fluid-pumping organs feature cilia. Two structural parameters organize the different types of ducts into a continuous spectrum between ciliary carpet and flame designs depending on the fluid-pumping requirements.","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141791073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dark states of electrons in a quantum system with two pairs of sublattices 具有两对子晶格的量子系统中的电子暗态

IF 17.6 1区物理与天体物理

Nature Physics Pub Date : 2024-07-29 DOI: 10.1038/s41567-024-02586-x

Yoonah Chung, Minsu Kim, Yeryn Kim, Seyeong Cha, Joon Woo Park, Jeehong Park, Yeonjin Yi, Dongjoon Song, Jung Hyun Ryu, Kimoon Lee, Timur K. Kim, Cephise Cacho, Jonathan Denlinger, Chris Jozwiak, Eli Rotenberg, Aaron Bostwick, Keun Su Kim

{"title":"Dark states of electrons in a quantum system with two pairs of sublattices","authors":"Yoonah Chung, Minsu Kim, Yeryn Kim, Seyeong Cha, Joon Woo Park, Jeehong Park, Yeonjin Yi, Dongjoon Song, Jung Hyun Ryu, Kimoon Lee, Timur K. Kim, Cephise Cacho, Jonathan Denlinger, Chris Jozwiak, Eli Rotenberg, Aaron Bostwick, Keun Su Kim","doi":"10.1038/s41567-024-02586-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41567-024-02586-x","url":null,"abstract":"A quantum state of matter that is forbidden to interact with photons and is therefore undetectable by spectroscopic means is called a dark state. This basic concept can be applied to condensed matter where it suggests that a whole band of quantum states could be undetectable across a full Brillouin zone. Here we report the discovery of such condensed-matter dark states in palladium diselenide as a model system that has two pairs of sublattices in the primitive cell. By using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, we find valence bands that are practically unobservable over the whole Brillouin zone at any photon energy, polarization and scattering plane. Our model shows that two pairs of sublattices located at half-translation positions and related by multiple glide-mirror symmetries make their relative quantum phases polarized into only four kinds, three of which become dark due to double destructive interference. This mechanism is generic to other systems with two pairs of sublattices, and we show how the phenomena observed in cuprates, lead halide perovskites and density wave systems can be resolved by the mechanism of dark states. Our results suggest that the sublattice degree of freedom, which has been overlooked so far, should be considered in the study of correlated phenomena and optoelectronic characteristics. The identification of dark states—quantum states that do not interact with photons—in real materials may help to address many unsolved issues in condensed-matter physics. Now, they have been identified in palladium diselenide.","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141791072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Undetectable electrons in solids with two pairs of sublattices 具有两对子晶格的固体中检测不到的电子

IF 17.6 1区物理与天体物理

Nature Physics Pub Date : 2024-07-29 DOI: 10.1038/s41567-024-02607-9

引用次数: 0

Non-reciprocity forces nanoparticles into lockstep 非对等性迫使纳米粒子步调一致

IF 17.6 1区物理与天体物理

Nature Physics Pub Date : 2024-07-25 DOI: 10.1038/s41567-024-02588-9

Jayadev Vijayan

引用次数: 0

Onwards and upwards 不断前进

IF 17.6 1区物理与天体物理

Nature Physics Pub Date : 2024-07-25 DOI: 10.1038/s41567-024-02593-y

Hudson Borja da Rocha, Tal Cohen

引用次数: 0

PT-like phase transition and limit cycle oscillations in non-reciprocally coupled optomechanical oscillators levitated in vacuum 在真空中悬浮的非互惠耦合光机械振荡器中的 PT 类相变和极限周期振荡

IF 17.6 1区物理与天体物理

Nature Physics Pub Date : 2024-07-25 DOI: 10.1038/s41567-024-02590-1

Vojtěch Liška, Tereza Zemánková, Petr Jákl, Martin Šiler, Stephen H. Simpson, Pavel Zemánek, Oto Brzobohatý

{"title":"PT-like phase transition and limit cycle oscillations in non-reciprocally coupled optomechanical oscillators levitated in vacuum","authors":"Vojtěch Liška, Tereza Zemánková, Petr Jákl, Martin Šiler, Stephen H. Simpson, Pavel Zemánek, Oto Brzobohatý","doi":"10.1038/s41567-024-02590-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41567-024-02590-1","url":null,"abstract":"Nanoparticles levitated in an optical trap provide a versatile platform to study mechanical oscillators in a controlled environment with tuneable parameters. Recently, it has become possible to couple two of these optomechanical oscillators. Here we demonstrate the collective non-Hermitian dynamics of such a pair of non-conservatively coupled oscillators. We take advantage of the tunability of the optical interactions between the particles in our system and set the optical interaction between the particles to be purely non-reciprocal. By continuously varying the relative power of the trapping beams, we take the system through a transition similar to a parity–time phase transition. A Hopf bifurcation at a critical point results in the formation of collective limit cycle oscillations, resembling those observed in phonon lasers. These coupled levitated oscillators provide a platform for exceptional point optomechanical sensing and can be extended to multi-particle systems, paving the way for the development of topological optomechanical media. Non-reciprocal interactions between two optically levitated nanoparticles allow the observation of non-Hermitian dynamics and a mechanical lasing transition, and suggest applications in optomechanical sensing.","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141764020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exponentially tighter bounds on limitations of quantum error mitigation 量子误差缓解限制的指数紧缩约束

IF 17.6 1区物理与天体物理

Nature Physics Pub Date : 2024-07-25 DOI: 10.1038/s41567-024-02536-7

Yihui Quek, Daniel Stilck França, Sumeet Khatri, Johannes Jakob Meyer, Jens Eisert

{"title":"Exponentially tighter bounds on limitations of quantum error mitigation","authors":"Yihui Quek, Daniel Stilck França, Sumeet Khatri, Johannes Jakob Meyer, Jens Eisert","doi":"10.1038/s41567-024-02536-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41567-024-02536-7","url":null,"abstract":"Quantum error mitigation has been proposed as a means to combat unwanted and unavoidable errors in near-term quantum computing without the heavy resource overheads required by fault-tolerant schemes. Recently, error mitigation has been successfully applied to reduce noise in near-term applications. In this work, however, we identify strong limitations to the degree to which quantum noise can be effectively ‘undone’ for larger system sizes. Our framework rigorously captures large classes of error-mitigation schemes in use today. By relating error mitigation to a statistical inference problem, we show that even at shallow circuit depths comparable to those of current experiments, a superpolynomial number of samples is needed in the worst case to estimate the expectation values of noiseless observables, the principal task of error mitigation. Notably, our construction implies that scrambling due to noise can kick in at exponentially smaller depths than previously thought. Noise also impacts other near-term applications by constraining kernel estimation in quantum machine learning, causing an earlier emergence of noise-induced barren plateaus in variational quantum algorithms and ruling out exponential quantum speed-ups in estimating expectation values in the presence of noise or preparing the ground state of a Hamiltonian. Error mitigation has helped improve the performance of current quantum computing devices. Now, a mathematical analysis of the technique suggests its benefits may not extend to larger systems.","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41567-024-02536-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141764019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Non-Hermitian dynamics and non-reciprocity of optically coupled nanoparticles 光学耦合纳米粒子的非赫米梯动力学和非互斥性

IF 17.6 1区物理与天体物理

Nature Physics Pub Date : 2024-07-25 DOI: 10.1038/s41567-024-02589-8

Manuel Reisenbauer, Henning Rudolph, Livia Egyed, Klaus Hornberger, Anton V. Zasedatelev, Murad Abuzarli, Benjamin A. Stickler, Uroš Delić

引用次数: 0

Collective motion of electrons captured at the atomic scale 在原子尺度上捕捉电子的集体运动

IF 17.6 1区物理与天体物理

Nature Physics Pub Date : 2024-07-22 DOI: 10.1038/s41567-024-02553-6

引用次数: 0