Nature PhysicsPub Date : 2025-02-04DOI: 10.1038/s41567-024-02774-9
Luca V. Delacrétaz
{"title":"A bound on thermalization from diffusive fluctuations","authors":"Luca V. Delacrétaz","doi":"10.1038/s41567-024-02774-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-024-02774-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The local equilibration time of quantum many-body systems has been conjectured to satisfy a Planckian bound, so that it always exceeds some value on the order of <i><span>ℏ</span></i>/<i>T</i>, where <i>T</i> is the temperature of the system. Here we provide a sharp and universal definition of the local equilibration timescale, and show that it is bounded below by the strong-coupling scale of diffusive fluctuations, which can be expressed in terms of familiar transport parameters. When applied to conformal field theories at a finite temperature, this result produces the Planckian bound. Moreover, this fluctuation bound applies to any local thermalizing system. We study its implication for correlated insulators, metals and disordered fixed points, where it can be used to establish a lower bound on diffusivity in terms of specific heat. Finally, we discuss how the local equilibration time can be directly measured in experiments.</p>","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143083274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nature PhysicsPub Date : 2025-02-04DOI: 10.1038/s41567-024-02767-8
{"title":"A simulation of false vacuum decay using a quantum annealer","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s41567-024-02767-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41567-024-02767-8","url":null,"abstract":"False vacuum decay is a process of fundamental importance in quantum field theory. Here, a 5,564-qubit quantum annealer is used to simulate the dynamics of false vacuum decay and observe the formation of bubbles of true vacuum. This approach could provide insight into the role of phase transitions in the early Universe.","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":"21 3","pages":"351-352"},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143083272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nature PhysicsPub Date : 2025-02-03DOI: 10.1038/s41567-024-02761-0
F. Sciortino, Y. Zhai, S. L. Bore, F. Paesani
{"title":"Constraints on the location of the liquid–liquid critical point in water","authors":"F. Sciortino, Y. Zhai, S. L. Bore, F. Paesani","doi":"10.1038/s41567-024-02761-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41567-024-02761-0","url":null,"abstract":"The fascinating hypothesis that supercooled water may segregate into two distinct liquid phases, each with unique structures and densities, was first posited in 1992. This idea, initially based on numerical analyses with the ST2 water-like empirical potential, challenged the conventional understanding of water’s phase behaviour at the time and has since intrigued the scientific community. Over the past three decades, advancements in computational modelling—particularly through the advent of data-driven many-body potentials rigorously derived from first principles and augmented by the efficiency of neural networks—have greatly enhanced the accuracy of molecular simulations, enabling the exploration of the phase behaviour of water with unprecedented realism. Our study leverages these computational advances to probe the elusive liquid–liquid transition in supercooled water. Microsecond-long simulations with chemical accuracy, conducted over several years, provide compelling evidence that water indeed exists in two discernibly distinct liquid states at low temperature and high pressure. By pinpointing a realistic estimate for the location of the liquid–liquid critical point at ~198 K and ~1,250 atm, our study not only advances the current understanding of water’s anomalous behaviour but also establishes a basis for experimental validation. Importantly, our simulations indicate that the liquid–liquid critical point falls within temperature and pressure ranges that could potentially be experimentally probed in water nanodroplets, opening up the possibility for direct measurements. A liquid–liquid transition in supercooled water has long been predicted. State-of-the-art simulations now precisely confine the temperature and pressure ranges for this transition, which are found to be within experimental reach.","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":"21 3","pages":"480-485"},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143077182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nature PhysicsPub Date : 2025-01-31DOI: 10.1038/s41567-024-02779-4
Yoseob Yoon
{"title":"Electronic melt","authors":"Yoseob Yoon","doi":"10.1038/s41567-024-02779-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41567-024-02779-4","url":null,"abstract":"Electrons at extremely low density and temperature can crystallize into a solid known as a Wigner crystal. Optical spectroscopy now reveals how these crystals melt at higher densities via an intermediate phase, where crystalline and liquid regions coexist.","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":"21 3","pages":"340-341"},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143072106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nature PhysicsPub Date : 2025-01-31DOI: 10.1038/s41567-024-02775-8
Chang-Ling Zou, Luyan Sun
{"title":"Better qubits through phononic engineering","authors":"Chang-Ling Zou, Luyan Sun","doi":"10.1038/s41567-024-02775-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41567-024-02775-8","url":null,"abstract":"Controlling qubit–phonon interactions is crucial for solid-state quantum devices. Two recent studies demonstrate that phononic bandgap engineering can alter these interactions, leading to enhanced qubit coherence and scalability.","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":"21 3","pages":"336-337"},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143072190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nature PhysicsPub Date : 2025-01-30DOI: 10.1038/s41567-024-02750-3
Qihang Liu, Xi Dai, Stefan Blügel
{"title":"Different facets of unconventional magnetism","authors":"Qihang Liu, Xi Dai, Stefan Blügel","doi":"10.1038/s41567-024-02750-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41567-024-02750-3","url":null,"abstract":"Recent advances in classifying magnets according to spin-group symmetry have expanded the possibilities of unconventional magnetism. Unconventional magnets — such as collinear spin-split antiferromagnets, also known as altermagnets, noncollinear spin-split antiferromagnets and anomalous-Hall antiferromagnets — combine the advantages of ferromagnetism and antiferromagnetism.","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":"21 3","pages":"329-331"},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143056266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nature PhysicsPub Date : 2025-01-29DOI: 10.1038/s41567-025-02798-9
P. Baconnier, D. Shohat, C. Hernández López, C. Coulais, V. Démery, G. Düring, O. Dauchot
{"title":"Publisher Correction: Selective and collective actuation in active solids","authors":"P. Baconnier, D. Shohat, C. Hernández López, C. Coulais, V. Démery, G. Düring, O. Dauchot","doi":"10.1038/s41567-025-02798-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-025-02798-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Correction to: <i>Nature Physics</i> https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-022-01704-x, published online 18 August 2022.</p>","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":"120 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143055591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nature PhysicsPub Date : 2025-01-28DOI: 10.1038/s41567-024-02773-w
Xinxin Cai, Habitamu Y. Walelign, John M. Nichol
{"title":"The formation of a nuclear-spin dark state in silicon","authors":"Xinxin Cai, Habitamu Y. Walelign, John M. Nichol","doi":"10.1038/s41567-024-02773-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-024-02773-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Silicon-based qubits are often made by trapping individual electrons in quantum dots defined by electric gates. Quantum information can then be stored using the spin states of the electrons. However, the nuclei of the surrounding atoms also have spin degrees of freedom that couple to the electron-spin qubits and cause decoherence. The emergence of a nuclear-spin dark state has been predicted to reduce this coupling during dynamic nuclear polarization, when the electrons in the quantum dot drive the nuclei in the semiconductor into a decoupled state. Here we report the formation of a nuclear-spin dark state in a gate-defined silicon double quantum dot. We show that, as expected, the transverse electron–nuclear coupling rapidly diminishes in the dark state, and that this state depends on the synchronized precession of the nuclear spins. Moreover, the dark state significantly reduces the relaxation rate between the singlet and triplet electronic spin states. This nuclear-spin dark state has potential applications as a quantum memory or in quantum sensing, and might enable increased polarization of nuclear-spin ensembles.</p>","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143049906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nature PhysicsPub Date : 2025-01-27DOI: 10.1038/s41567-024-02764-x
Machiel S. Blok, Gabriel T. Landi
{"title":"Quantum thermodynamics for quantum computing","authors":"Machiel S. Blok, Gabriel T. Landi","doi":"10.1038/s41567-024-02764-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41567-024-02764-x","url":null,"abstract":"Quantum thermodynamics has provided theoretical insights into the foundations of quantum and statistical physics. Now, a quantum thermal machine has found an application — cooling qubits in a quantum computer.","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":"21 2","pages":"187-188"},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143044158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nature PhysicsPub Date : 2025-01-27DOI: 10.1038/s41567-024-02777-6
J. M. Gregg
{"title":"Murmurations of electric dipoles","authors":"J. M. Gregg","doi":"10.1038/s41567-024-02777-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41567-024-02777-6","url":null,"abstract":"Stable and metastable electrical dipole patterns have been imaged and manipulated using in situ heating and cooling in ferroelectric superlattices.","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":"21 3","pages":"344-345"},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143044156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号
