Nature Physics最新文献_第9页

Simple and efficient end-to-end quantum thermal and ground state preparation 简单高效的端到端量子热和基态制备

IF 18 1区物理与天体物理

Nature Physics Pub Date : 2026-08-12 DOI: 10.1038/s41567-026-03389-y

Zhiyan Ding, Yongtao Zhan, John Preskill, Lin Lin

{"title":"Simple and efficient end-to-end quantum thermal and ground state preparation","authors":"Zhiyan Ding, Yongtao Zhan, John Preskill, Lin Lin","doi":"10.1038/s41567-026-03389-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41567-026-03389-y","url":null,"abstract":"Quantum computing algorithms for many-body physics, chemistry and materials science typically require the preparation of thermal or ground states for a given Hamiltonian. Here we propose quantum algorithms based on system–bath interactions to prepare thermal and ground states for a range of physically relevant Hamiltonians. These algorithms require only forward evolution under a system–bath Hamiltonian in which the bath is a single reusable ancilla qubit, making them especially well suited for early fault-tolerant quantum devices. By carefully designing the bath and interaction Hamiltonians, we prove that the fixed point of the dynamics accurately approximates the desired quantum state. Furthermore, we establish theoretical guarantees on the mixing time, and thereby provide a rigorous justification for the end-to-end efficiency of system–bath interaction models in thermal and ground state preparation for the physically relevant models we consider. Preparation of thermal and ground states is needed for a number of quantum algorithms but is generally computationally difficult. Now state preparation algorithms with efficiency guarantees have been developed for an important class of model.","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":"22 10","pages":"1679-1683"},"PeriodicalIF":18.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148728841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Wigner polarons probe the dynamics of a Wigner crystal in a monolayer semiconductor 维格纳极化子探测单层半导体中维格纳晶体的动力学

IF 19.6 1区物理与天体物理

Nature Physics Pub Date : 2026-08-11 DOI: 10.1038/s41567-026-03398-x

Lifu Zhang, Liuxin Gu, Haydn S. Adlong, Arthur Christianen, Eugen Dizer, Ruihao Ni, Rundong Ma, Suji Park, Houk Jang, Takashi Taniguchi, Kenji Watanabe, Ilya Esterlis, Richard Schmidt, Atac Imamoglu, You Zhou

{"title":"Wigner polarons probe the dynamics of a Wigner crystal in a monolayer semiconductor","authors":"Lifu Zhang, Liuxin Gu, Haydn S. Adlong, Arthur Christianen, Eugen Dizer, Ruihao Ni, Rundong Ma, Suji Park, Houk Jang, Takashi Taniguchi, Kenji Watanabe, Ilya Esterlis, Richard Schmidt, Atac Imamoglu, You Zhou","doi":"10.1038/s41567-026-03398-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-026-03398-x","url":null,"abstract":"Wigner crystals—lattices made purely of electrons—provide a platform for studying correlation-driven quantum phase transitions. Despite extensive research, accessing the internal dynamics of Wigner crystals has remained challenging, with most experiments probing only static order or collective motion. Here we demonstrate optical probing and the manipulation of zero-field Wigner crystals and elucidate their static and dynamic properties in the frequency domain. We observe optical resonances that we identify as Wigner polarons—quasiparticles formed when the electron lattice is locally distorted by exciton–Wigner crystal coupling. We further achieve all-optical control of spins in the Wigner crystal, thereby directly probing valley-dependent Wigner polaron scattering well above the magnetic ordering temperature and in the absence of any external magnetic field. Finally, we show optical melting of the Wigner crystal and observe different responses of the umklapp (static) and Wigner polaron (dynamic) resonances to optical excitation. Our results provide an avenue for understanding electron dynamics and achieving ultrafast optical control of interaction-driven quantum phase transitions in strongly correlated electron systems.","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":"50 11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148728845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Spectroscopy of Wigner crystal polarons in an atomically thin semiconductor 原子薄半导体中维格纳晶体极化子的光谱学

IF 19.6 1区物理与天体物理

Nature Physics Pub Date : 2026-08-11 DOI: 10.1038/s41567-026-03395-0

L. Wang, F. Menzel, F. Pichler, P. Knüppel, K. Watanabe, T. Taniguchi, M. Knap, T. Smoleński

{"title":"Spectroscopy of Wigner crystal polarons in an atomically thin semiconductor","authors":"L. Wang, F. Menzel, F. Pichler, P. Knüppel, K. Watanabe, T. Taniguchi, M. Knap, T. Smoleński","doi":"10.1038/s41567-026-03395-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-026-03395-0","url":null,"abstract":"Strongly interacting electrons in two-dimensional systems can spontaneously break translational symmetry, forming a periodic Wigner crystal. Although these crystals have been realized in several platforms, experimental studies of their collective many-body excitations in the absence of a magnetic field have not been demonstrated. Here we access this regime optically by uncovering Wigner crystal polarons, which are hybrid light–matter quasiparticles that arise from the dressing of excitons by the collective excitations of the Wigner crystal. These polarons manifest as optical resonances in the cryogenic reflectance spectra of a charge-tunable WSe2 monolayer, appearing concurrently with previously identified exciton umklapp transitions. In contrast to the latter, the energies of Wigner crystal polarons are governed not only by the electronic lattice constant but also by their hybridization with attractive exciton–polarons, whose strength is controlled by electronic interactions. These many-body excitations provide an optical interface to the spin state of the Wigner crystal that, as we demonstrate, can be controlled both magnetically and optically. Our work establishes layered materials as a platform for exploring dynamical impurity dressing by strongly correlated electronic orders.","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148729023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Phase coherence and disorder-induced wave propagation in micromotor arrays 微电机阵列中的相位相干和无序波传播

IF 18 1区物理与天体物理

Nature Physics Pub Date : 2026-08-11 DOI: 10.1038/s41567-026-03409-x

Romane Braun, Alexis Poncet, Alexandre Morin, Denis Bartolo

{"title":"Phase coherence and disorder-induced wave propagation in micromotor arrays","authors":"Romane Braun, Alexis Poncet, Alexandre Morin, Denis Bartolo","doi":"10.1038/s41567-026-03409-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41567-026-03409-x","url":null,"abstract":"Machines are designed, assembled and programmed to convert energy into predetermined dynamics and functions. By contrast, living systems such as interacting cells and animal groups self-organize, synchronize and perform complex tasks without predefined patterns. Inspired by these decentralized architectures, experiments have shown that small assemblies of elastically coupled self-propelled robots can achieve two fundamental functionalities observed in nature: collective motion and oscillatory deformations. However, biological inspiration has steered research towards translational self-propulsion, whereas active rotation remains an underexplored route to design broader animate materials. Here we show that active rotation can induce the self-organization of microscopic metamachines composed of thousands of three-dimensional printed rotary motors. We first demonstrate and explain how motors precessing in unspecified directions collectively arrange their dynamics into a pristine antiferromagnetic phase. Next, we elucidate the emergence of spatiotemporal order in the form of phase coherence in the rotors’ precession. Finally, we show how quenched disorder initiates the free propagation of phase waves across self-organized regions with mismatched rotation speeds. Our results suggest that spinner-based metamachines could illuminate metachronal-wave formation in living systems and signal propagation in synthetic animate materials. Systems of coupled self-propulsive components, both biological and synthetic, display coordinated dynamics. Experiments with three-dimensional printed motors now show that rotary motion can lead to spatiotemporal order as well as disorder-induced wave propagation.","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":"22 10","pages":"1639-1645"},"PeriodicalIF":18.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148728844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Diamonds are a metrologist’s best friends 钻石是计量学家最好的朋友

IF 18 1区物理与天体物理

Nature Physics Pub Date : 2026-08-10 DOI: 10.1038/s41567-026-03404-2

Anita Mary Chandran

引用次数: 0

Methanesulfonic acid matters in marine regions 海洋区域的甲磺酸物质

IF 18 1区物理与天体物理

Nature Physics Pub Date : 2026-08-10 DOI: 10.1038/s41567-026-03419-9

Stefanie Reichert

引用次数: 0

A cell stethoscope 细胞听诊器