Nature PhysicsPub Date : 2025-05-15DOI: 10.1038/s41567-025-02907-8
Wynand Louw, Gert Rietveld
{"title":"The international measurement system beyond 2030","authors":"Wynand Louw, Gert Rietveld","doi":"10.1038/s41567-025-02907-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-025-02907-8","url":null,"abstract":"Measurements play a crucial role in our daily lives; and we rely on metrology to ensure that measurements are accurate and comparable. Celebrating the 150th anniversary of the beginning of the global measurement system, we look into its future.","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144066257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nature PhysicsPub Date : 2025-05-15DOI: 10.1038/s41567-025-02905-w
Mark Buchanan
{"title":"When life got complex","authors":"Mark Buchanan","doi":"10.1038/s41567-025-02905-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-025-02905-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Without this singular evolutionary event, it seems, the rich history of animals, land plants, and most fungi would not have been possible. But is evolutionary history really so accidental? If this event had not happened, would there truly be no multicellular life today?</p><p>It is fair to say that we still do not have definitive answers to these questions. But an intriguing possibility has emerged from recent research. Some scientists argue, based on quantitative evidence from molecular biology, that before the emergence of the eukaryotic cell, protein-based genetic regulation may have already reached a limit (E. M. Muro et al., <i>PNAS</i> <b>122</b>, e2422968122; 2025). The increase in cellular complexity allowed by the cell nucleus was both required for and enabled by a new and more sophisticated set of gene regulation mechanisms, associated with regions of genes that do not code for proteins.</p>","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144066163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nature PhysicsPub Date : 2025-05-14DOI: 10.1038/s41567-025-02908-7
Thomas Prokscha
{"title":"Less is more","authors":"Thomas Prokscha","doi":"10.1038/s41567-025-02908-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-025-02908-7","url":null,"abstract":"Intense muon beams are generated at large facilities. A proof-of-principle experiment demonstrates muon generation in the laboratory. Despite lower intensity, the reduced costs of this approach promise to make muon beams available to more scientists.","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":"96 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143945967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nature PhysicsPub Date : 2025-05-12DOI: 10.1038/s41567-025-02900-1
Thomas Voigtmann
{"title":"The amorphous materials behind biophysics","authors":"Thomas Voigtmann","doi":"10.1038/s41567-025-02900-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-025-02900-1","url":null,"abstract":"Assemblies of cells show rearrangements that are reminiscent of those found in amorphous solids. The tools of materials science can thus help to understand the role of mechanical stresses in ageing and other biological processes.","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":"123 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143933471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nature PhysicsPub Date : 2025-05-09DOI: 10.1038/s41567-025-02898-6
Michal Urbánek
{"title":"Control of spin currents with coherent magnons","authors":"Michal Urbánek","doi":"10.1038/s41567-025-02898-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-025-02898-6","url":null,"abstract":"The chiral properties of coherent antiferromagnetic magnons — quanta of spin waves — can be exploited to control spin currents. Interference of magnon modes has been utilized to control the polarization of pure spin currents, eliminating the need for strong magnetic fields.","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143926843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nature PhysicsPub Date : 2025-05-06DOI: 10.1038/s41567-025-02909-6
Haojie Guo, Miguel M. Ugeda
{"title":"Fractional charges under the microscope","authors":"Haojie Guo, Miguel M. Ugeda","doi":"10.1038/s41567-025-02909-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-025-02909-6","url":null,"abstract":"Fractionalized excitations typically require ultra-clean materials at low temperature and high magnetic field to emerge. Experiments on a simple graphene platform now reveal ideal conditions for the visualization of these fragile collective states.","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143909770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nature PhysicsPub Date : 2025-05-06DOI: 10.1038/s41567-025-02889-7
Marco Merboldt, Michael Schüler, David Schmitt, Jan Philipp Bange, Wiebke Bennecke, Karun Gadge, Klaus Pierz, Hans Werner Schumacher, Davood Momeni, Daniel Steil, Salvatore R. Manmana, Michael A. Sentef, Marcel Reutzel, Stefan Mathias
{"title":"Observation of Floquet states in graphene","authors":"Marco Merboldt, Michael Schüler, David Schmitt, Jan Philipp Bange, Wiebke Bennecke, Karun Gadge, Klaus Pierz, Hans Werner Schumacher, Davood Momeni, Daniel Steil, Salvatore R. Manmana, Michael A. Sentef, Marcel Reutzel, Stefan Mathias","doi":"10.1038/s41567-025-02889-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-025-02889-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Floquet engineering—the coherent dressing of matter via time-periodic perturbations—is a mechanism to realize and control emergent phases in materials out of equilibrium. However, its applicability to metallic quantum materials and semimetals such as graphene is an open question. The report of light-induced anomalous Hall effect in graphene remains debated, and a time-resolved photoemission experiment has suggested that Floquet effects might not be realizable in graphene and other semimetals with relatively short decoherence times. Here we provide direct spectroscopic evidence of Floquet effects in graphene through electronic structure measurements. We observe light–matter-dressed Dirac bands by measuring the contribution of Floquet sidebands, Volkov sidebands and their quantum path interference to graphene’s photoemission spectrum. Our results demonstrate that Floquet engineering in graphene is possible, even though ultrafast decoherence processes occur on the timescale of a few tens of femtoseconds. Our approach offers a way to experimentally realize Floquet engineering strategies in metallic and semimetallic systems and for the coherent stabilization of light-induced states with potentially non-trivial topological properties.</p>","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143915433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nature PhysicsPub Date : 2025-05-06DOI: 10.1038/s41567-025-02872-2
Feng Zhang, Li Deng, Yanjie Ge, Jiaxing Wen, Bo Cui, Ke Feng, Hao Wang, Chen Wu, Ziwen Pan, Hongjie Liu, Zhigang Deng, Zongxin Zhang, Liangwen Chen, Duo Yan, Lianqiang Shan, Zongqiang Yuan, Chao Tian, Jiayi Qian, Jiacheng Zhu, Yi Xu, Yuhong Yu, Xueheng Zhang, Lei Yang, Weimin Zhou, Yuqiu Gu, Wentao Wang, Yuxin Leng, Zhiyu Sun, Ruxin Li
{"title":"Proof-of-principle demonstration of muon production with an ultrashort high-intensity laser","authors":"Feng Zhang, Li Deng, Yanjie Ge, Jiaxing Wen, Bo Cui, Ke Feng, Hao Wang, Chen Wu, Ziwen Pan, Hongjie Liu, Zhigang Deng, Zongxin Zhang, Liangwen Chen, Duo Yan, Lianqiang Shan, Zongqiang Yuan, Chao Tian, Jiayi Qian, Jiacheng Zhu, Yi Xu, Yuhong Yu, Xueheng Zhang, Lei Yang, Weimin Zhou, Yuqiu Gu, Wentao Wang, Yuxin Leng, Zhiyu Sun, Ruxin Li","doi":"10.1038/s41567-025-02872-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-025-02872-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Muons play a crucial role in both fundamental and applied physics. Traditionally, they have been generated from cosmic rays or with proton accelerators. With the advent of ultrashort high-intensity lasers capable of accelerating electrons to gigaelectronvolt energies, muons can also be produced in laser laboratories. Here we report a proof-of-principle experiment of muon production. We accelerated an electron beam to gigaelectronvolt energies with an ultrashort, high-intensity laser pulse and passed the beam through a lead converter target in which muons were generated. We confirmed the muon signal by measuring its lifetime. We investigated the photo-production, electro-production and Bethe–Heitler processes underlying muon generation and their subsequent detection with Geant4 simulations. The results show that the dominant contribution stems from photo-production and electro-production. We estimate that a muon yield of up to 0.01 muon per incoming electron could be achieved in the converter target. This laser-driven muon source features compact, ultrashort pulses and high flux. Moreover, its implementation in a small laser laboratory is relatively straightforward, which dramatically reduces barriers for research in areas such as muonic X-ray elemental analysis or muon spin spectroscopy.</p>","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143909780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nature PhysicsPub Date : 2025-05-06DOI: 10.1038/s41567-025-02863-3
{"title":"Electron–phonon coupling resolved by phonon mode and electron energy","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s41567-025-02863-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-025-02863-3","url":null,"abstract":"A two-dimensional spectroscopic technique to probe the strength of electron–phonon coupling has the capability to simultaneously resolve the phonon mode and the electron transition energy — and is bringing fresh insight into the complex interactions of phonons and electrons in a range of materials.","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143909769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nature PhysicsPub Date : 2025-05-05DOI: 10.1038/s41567-025-02906-9
Jaime Agudo-Canalejo, Hanumantha Rao Vutukuri
{"title":"Synthetic cells get into shape","authors":"Jaime Agudo-Canalejo, Hanumantha Rao Vutukuri","doi":"10.1038/s41567-025-02906-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-025-02906-9","url":null,"abstract":"Shape changes in biological cells are driven by an active network of biopolymers. Now, similar deformations are observed in synthetic cell membranes.","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143909804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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