Nature Physics最新文献_第4页

Universal scaling laws for correlated decay of many-body quantum systems 多体量子系统相关衰变的通用标度定律

IF 18 1区物理与天体物理

Nature Physics Pub Date : 2026-09-25 DOI: 10.1038/s41567-026-03448-4

Wai-Keong Mok, Avishi Poddar, Eric Sierra, Cosimo C. Rusconi, John Preskill, Ana Asenjo-Garcia

{"title":"Universal scaling laws for correlated decay of many-body quantum systems","authors":"Wai-Keong Mok, Avishi Poddar, Eric Sierra, Cosimo C. Rusconi, John Preskill, Ana Asenjo-Garcia","doi":"10.1038/s41567-026-03448-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41567-026-03448-4","url":null,"abstract":"Quantum systems are inevitably open, continually exchanging energy and information with the surrounding environment. This interaction leads to decoherence and decay of quantum states. In complex systems, formed by many particles, decay can become correlated and enhanced. A fundamental question then arises: what is the maximal decay rate of a large quantum system, and how does it scale with its size? Computing this rate exactly is as hard as finding the ground-state energy of a generic spin Hamiltonian—a notoriously intractable problem. Here we exploit this correspondence to establish rigorous and general upper and lower bounds on the maximal decay rate. These bounds are universal, as they hold for a broad class of Markovian many-body quantum systems. For many physically relevant systems, the bounds are asymptotically tight, resulting in exact scaling laws with system size. Specifically, for large atomic arrays in free space, these scalings depend only on the dimensionality of the array and are insensitive to details at short length scales. The scaling laws set fundamental limits on the decay rates of all quantum states, shed light on the behaviour of generic driven-dissipative systems, and may ultimately constrain the scalability of quantum processors and simulators based on atomic arrays. Decoherence and decay of quantum systems arise from interactions with their environment that can be highly complex. Despite this complexity, bounds on the decay rate are found that are asymptotically tight in several important cases.","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":"22 10","pages":"1691-1698"},"PeriodicalIF":18.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41567-026-03448-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149049502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Quantum field theory dynamics on a spin–phonon quantum computer 自旋声子量子计算机上的量子场论动力学

IF 18 1区物理与天体物理

Nature Physics Pub Date : 2026-09-25 DOI: 10.1038/s41567-026-03402-4

Anton T. Than, Saurabh V. Kadam, Vinay Vikramaditya, Nhung H. Nguyen, Xingxin Liu, Zohreh Davoudi, Alaina M. Green, Norbert M. Linke

{"title":"Quantum field theory dynamics on a spin–phonon quantum computer","authors":"Anton T. Than, Saurabh V. Kadam, Vinay Vikramaditya, Nhung H. Nguyen, Xingxin Liu, Zohreh Davoudi, Alaina M. Green, Norbert M. Linke","doi":"10.1038/s41567-026-03402-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41567-026-03402-4","url":null,"abstract":"Simulating the non-equilibrium dynamics of quantum field theories in nature is generally intractable with classical methods, but is a promising application for quantum computers. Unfortunately, simulating interacting bosonic fields using quantum computers typically requires a boson-to-qubit encoding that can be resource-intensive. Furthermore, these encodings necessarily involve a truncation of the infinite-dimensional Hilbert space, introducing errors that grow with energy and time. Here we adopt an alternative approach that combines a qubit-based quantum computer with an active bosonic register that offers qubit, bosonic and mixed qubit–boson quantum gates. We use a hybrid analogue–digital trapped-ion quantum computer in which qubits are encoded in the internal states of the ions as well as the bosons in the ions’ motional states. Specifically, we simulate the non-equilibrium dynamics of a (1 + 1)-dimensional Yukawa model, a simplified model of interacting nucleons and pions. These dynamics populate high-bosonic-field excitations starting from an empty state, and the experimental results effectively capture such high-occupation states. By removing the need for a large qubit overhead and avoiding truncation errors, our simulation approaches the regime in which classical methods become challenging. Many physical systems involve bosons, which are resource-intensive to simulate with a qubit-based quantum computer. Now a hybrid approach that combines qubits and bosons has been used to simulate a quantum field theory of fermions and bosons.","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":"22 10","pages":"1557-1564"},"PeriodicalIF":18.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149049504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Aharonov–Bohm interference in a $${pmb{mathbb{Z}}}_{bf{2}}$$ lattice gauge theory on a hybrid qubit–oscillator quantum computer 混合量子位-振荡器量子计算机$${pmb{mathbb{Z}}}_{bf{2}}$$晶格规范理论中的Aharonov-Bohm干涉

IF 18 1区物理与天体物理

Nature Physics Pub Date : 2026-09-25 DOI: 10.1038/s41567-026-03400-6

S. Saner, O. Băzăvan, D. J. Webb, G. Araneda, C. J. Ballance, R. Srinivas, D. M. Lucas, A. Bermúdez

{"title":"Aharonov–Bohm interference in a $${pmb{mathbb{Z}}}_{bf{2}}$$ lattice gauge theory on a hybrid qubit–oscillator quantum computer","authors":"S. Saner, O. Băzăvan, D. J. Webb, G. Araneda, C. J. Ballance, R. Srinivas, D. M. Lucas, A. Bermúdez","doi":"10.1038/s41567-026-03400-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41567-026-03400-6","url":null,"abstract":"Lattice gauge theories, which have both dynamical matter and gauge fields, are strongly coupled problems that lie beyond the reach of classical computation. Quantum simulations may provide a tractable approach for studying lattice gauge theories, but implementing gauge-invariant encodings and real-time evolution remains experimentally challenging. Here we demonstrate a resource-efficient encoding of a $${{mathbb{Z}}}_{2}$$ lattice gauge theory using a hybrid qubit–oscillator trapped-ion quantum device, with the qubits representing the gauge fields and the vibrational modes of the ions encoding the bosonic matter fields. We use synthetic dimensions to construct higher dimensional lattice geometries, and we combine digital and analogue techniques to prepare the initial states, realize the gauge-invariant real-time evolution and measure the relevant observables. After observing dynamics obeying Gauss’s law in a $${{mathbb{Z}}}_{2}$$ link, we extend this approach to a loop geometry formed by two qubits and two oscillators. In this quasi-two-dimensional set-up, we observe Aharonov–Bohm interference with dynamical gauge fields encoding the magnetic flux, thereby demonstrating the interplay between charge and flux. Our results establish a path for scalable quantum simulations of lattice gauge theories in higher dimensions. Lattice gauge theories are difficult to study using classical computational methods. A dynamic quantum simulation of a lattice gauge theory on a two-site loop has now been demonstrated using a hybrid qubit–oscillator trapped-ion quantum computer.","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":"22 10","pages":"1565-1571"},"PeriodicalIF":18.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41567-026-03400-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149050024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A universal speed limit for collective decay in quantum systems 量子系统中集体衰变的普遍速度限制

IF 18 1区物理与天体物理

Nature Physics Pub Date : 2026-09-25 DOI: 10.1038/s41567-026-03445-7

引用次数: 0

Quantum field theory dynamics in trapped ions 捕获离子中的量子场论动力学

IF 18 1区物理与天体物理

Nature Physics Pub Date : 2026-09-25 DOI: 10.1038/s41567-026-03401-5

Pan-Yu Hou

引用次数: 0

An information-theoretic proof of the Planckian bound for thermalization 热化的普朗克界的信息理论证明

IF 19.6 1区物理与天体物理

Nature Physics Pub Date : 2026-09-24 DOI: 10.1038/s41567-026-03397-y

Paolo Abiuso,Alberto Rolandi,John Calsamiglia,Pavel Sekatski,Martí Perarnau-Llobet

{"title":"An information-theoretic proof of the Planckian bound for thermalization","authors":"Paolo Abiuso,Alberto Rolandi,John Calsamiglia,Pavel Sekatski,Martí Perarnau-Llobet","doi":"10.1038/s41567-026-03397-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-026-03397-y","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract It has been conjectured that the speed of thermalization is universally constrained by a Planckian timescale, τ Pl = ℏ /( k B T ), determined solely by the reduced Planck constant ℏ, Boltzmann’s constant ( k B ) and the temperature ( T ). However, a general and model-independent derivation of this limit has remained elusive. Here we provide a general proof of the emergence of Planckian thermalization based on quantum information geometry and quantum metrology. We formulate thermalization as a process that prepares states close to the corresponding thermal ensemble for a set of distinct Hamiltonians, and show that quantum mechanics imposes a universal lower bound τ ≥ τ Pl /2 on the thermalization time τ at finite temperature. In the low-temperature regime, the spectral gap Δ between the ground and first excited states replaces the temperature as the relevant energy scale and determines the lower bound on the thermalization time, in close connection with the quantum adiabatic theorem. These bounds, rooted in Hamiltonian estimation, establish operational limits on thermalization governed exclusively by fundamental constants and the intrinsic energy scale.","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":"106 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149049148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Probing picosecond depairing currents in type-II superconductors 探测ii型超导体中皮秒相关电流

IF 19.6 1区物理与天体物理

Nature Physics Pub Date : 2026-09-24 DOI: 10.1038/s41567-026-03469-z

E. Wang,M. Chavez-Cervantes,J. Satapathy,T. Matsuyama,G. Meier,X. Zhang,L. You,F. Marijanovic,J. B. Curtis,E. Demler,A. Cavalleri

{"title":"Probing picosecond depairing currents in type-II superconductors","authors":"E. Wang,M. Chavez-Cervantes,J. Satapathy,T. Matsuyama,G. Meier,X. Zhang,L. You,F. Marijanovic,J. B. Curtis,E. Demler,A. Cavalleri","doi":"10.1038/s41567-026-03469-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-026-03469-z","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Accessing the intrinsic critical current density in type-II superconductors can provide a means to probe microscopic superconducting properties and increase current limits in high-magnetic-field devices and electrical power systems. However, the critical current density measured using direct currents generally lies below this intrinsic limit, mainly because of vortex motion and self-heating. Here we show that picosecond electrical pulses, which act on timescales too short for vortices to move, drive supercurrents up to the intrinsic depairing limit. We probe picosecond critical currents in NbN and YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 , representative s -wave and d -wave superconductors, respectively. In NbN, we find a sharp onset of the picosecond depairing at a current density of about 2.2 times the conventional critical current density, consistent with microscopic dynamics based on Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer theory. By contrast, YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 exhibits a gradual suppression of superconductivity with increasing current, reflecting its d -wave symmetry. These results provide a probe of superconductors beyond the reach of conventional transport measurements. Attaining the depairing current could also support superconducting electronics operating closer to intrinsic current limits.","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149049503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Strange metal behaviour from underlying bad metallicity 由潜在的不良金属丰度引起的奇怪金属行为

IF 19.6 1区物理与天体物理

Nature Physics Pub Date : 2026-09-24 DOI: 10.1038/s41567-026-03441-x

Simone Fratini,Ivan Duchemin,Arnaud Ralko,Sergio Ciuchi

引用次数: 0

Quantum many-body mixed phase space revealed by hybrid feedback control 混合反馈控制揭示的量子多体混合相空间

IF 19.6 1区物理与天体物理

Nature Physics Pub Date : 2026-09-23 DOI: 10.1038/s41567-026-03431-z

Hang Dong,Jie Ren,Andrew Hallam,Han Wang,Zhengyi Cui,Yiren Zou,Junlin Wang,Hekang Li,Qiujiang Guo,Zhen Wang,Lei Ying,Zlatko Papić

{"title":"Quantum many-body mixed phase space revealed by hybrid feedback control","authors":"Hang Dong,Jie Ren,Andrew Hallam,Han Wang,Zhengyi Cui,Yiren Zou,Junlin Wang,Hekang Li,Qiujiang Guo,Zhen Wang,Lei Ying,Zlatko Papić","doi":"10.1038/s41567-026-03431-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-026-03431-z","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Understanding how complex systems transition between order and chaos is a central challenge of non-equilibrium physics. Although weak perturbations of classical integrable systems give rise to a mixed phase space in which regular and chaotic trajectories coexist, analogous behaviour in interacting quantum many-body systems has been difficult to identify. Here we develop and experimentally implement a hybrid quantum–classical feedback protocol that autonomously discovers and stabilizes long-lived regular trajectories in a superconducting quantum processor. Each iteration combines short-time quantum evolution with classical optimization that projects the dynamics back onto a low-entanglement variational manifold, effectively distilling coherence from chaotic evolution. The stabilized trajectories reveal signatures of a quantum many-body mixed phase space emerging from nonlinear variational dynamics, without a direct analogue in few-body quantum systems described by a small number of effective degrees of freedom. Our results establish a framework for the algorithmic identification and control of coherent dynamics in quantum many-body systems.","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149021026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

String-breaking dynamics in a quantum simulator 量子模拟器中的弦断动力学

IF 19.6 1区物理与天体物理

Nature Physics Pub Date : 2026-09-23 DOI: 10.1038/s41567-026-03422-0

Arinjoy De,Alessio Lerose,De Luo,Federica M. Surace,Alexander Schuckert,Elizabeth R. Bennewitz,Brayden Ware,William Morong,Kate S. Collins,Zohreh Davoudi,Alexey V. Gorshkov,Or Katz,Christopher Monroe

引用次数: 0