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Unified percolation scenario for the α and β processes in simple glass formers
IF 19.6 1区 物理与天体物理
Nature Physics Pub Date : 2025-02-07 DOI: 10.1038/s41567-024-02762-z
Liang Gao, Hai-Bin Yu, Thomas B. Schrøder, Jeppe C. Dyre
{"title":"Unified percolation scenario for the α and β processes in simple glass formers","authors":"Liang Gao, Hai-Bin Yu, Thomas B. Schrøder, Jeppe C. Dyre","doi":"10.1038/s41567-024-02762-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-024-02762-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Given the vast differences in interaction details, describing the dynamics of structurally disordered materials in a unified theoretical framework presents a fundamental challenge to condensed-matter physics and materials science. Here we numerically investigate a double-percolation scenario for the two most important relaxation processes of supercooled liquids and glasses, the so-called α and β relaxations. For several simple glass formers, we find that when monitoring the dynamic shear modulus as temperature is lowered from the liquid state, percolation of immobile particles takes place at the temperature locating the α process. Mirroring this, upon continued cooling into the glass state, the mobile-particle percolation transition pinpoints a β process whenever the latter is well separated from the main (α) process. For two-dimensional systems under the same conditions, percolation of mobile and immobile particles occurs nearly simultaneously, and no β relaxation can be identified. Our findings suggest that a general description of glassy dynamics should be based on a percolation perspective.</p>","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143258026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Stirring the false vacuum via interacting quantized bubbles on a 5,564-qubit quantum annealer
IF 19.6 1区 物理与天体物理
Nature Physics Pub Date : 2025-02-04 DOI: 10.1038/s41567-024-02765-w
Jaka Vodeb, Jean-Yves Desaules, Andrew Hallam, Andrea Rava, Gregor Humar, Dennis Willsch, Fengping Jin, Madita Willsch, Kristel Michielsen, Zlatko Papić
{"title":"Stirring the false vacuum via interacting quantized bubbles on a 5,564-qubit quantum annealer","authors":"Jaka Vodeb, Jean-Yves Desaules, Andrew Hallam, Andrea Rava, Gregor Humar, Dennis Willsch, Fengping Jin, Madita Willsch, Kristel Michielsen, Zlatko Papić","doi":"10.1038/s41567-024-02765-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-024-02765-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p>False vacuum decay—the transition from a metastable quantum state to a true vacuum state—plays an important role in quantum field theory and non-equilibrium phenomena such as phase transitions and dynamical metastability. The non-perturbative nature of false vacuum decay and the limited experimental access to this process make it challenging to study, leaving several open questions regarding how true vacuum bubbles form, move and interact. Here we observe quantized bubble formation in real time, a key feature of false vacuum decay dynamics, using a quantum annealer with 5,564 superconducting flux qubits. We develop an effective model that captures both initial bubble creation and subsequent interactions, and remains accurate under dissipation. The annealer reveals coherent scaling laws in the driven many-body dynamics for more than 1,000 intrinsic qubit time units. This work provides a method for investigating false vacuum dynamics of large quantum systems in quantum annealers.</p>","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143083273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A bound on thermalization from diffusive fluctuations
IF 19.6 1区 物理与天体物理
Nature Physics Pub Date : 2025-02-04 DOI: 10.1038/s41567-024-02774-9
Luca V. Delacrétaz
{"title":"A bound on thermalization from diffusive fluctuations","authors":"Luca V. Delacrétaz","doi":"10.1038/s41567-024-02774-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-024-02774-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The local equilibration time of quantum many-body systems has been conjectured to satisfy a Planckian bound, so that it always exceeds some value on the order of <i><span>ℏ</span></i>/<i>T</i>, where <i>T</i> is the temperature of the system. Here we provide a sharp and universal definition of the local equilibration timescale, and show that it is bounded below by the strong-coupling scale of diffusive fluctuations, which can be expressed in terms of familiar transport parameters. When applied to conformal field theories at a finite temperature, this result produces the Planckian bound. Moreover, this fluctuation bound applies to any local thermalizing system. We study its implication for correlated insulators, metals and disordered fixed points, where it can be used to establish a lower bound on diffusivity in terms of specific heat. Finally, we discuss how the local equilibration time can be directly measured in experiments.</p>","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143083274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A simulation of false vacuum decay using a quantum annealer
IF 19.6 1区 物理与天体物理
Nature Physics Pub Date : 2025-02-04 DOI: 10.1038/s41567-024-02767-8
{"title":"A simulation of false vacuum decay using a quantum annealer","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s41567-024-02767-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-024-02767-8","url":null,"abstract":"False vacuum decay is a process of fundamental importance in quantum field theory. Here, a 5,564-qubit quantum annealer is used to simulate the dynamics of false vacuum decay and observe the formation of bubbles of true vacuum. This approach could provide insight into the role of phase transitions in the early Universe.","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143083272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Constraints on the location of the liquid–liquid critical point in water
IF 19.6 1区 物理与天体物理
Nature Physics Pub Date : 2025-02-03 DOI: 10.1038/s41567-024-02761-0
F. Sciortino, Y. Zhai, S. L. Bore, F. Paesani
{"title":"Constraints on the location of the liquid–liquid critical point in water","authors":"F. Sciortino, Y. Zhai, S. L. Bore, F. Paesani","doi":"10.1038/s41567-024-02761-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-024-02761-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The fascinating hypothesis that supercooled water may segregate into two distinct liquid phases, each with unique structures and densities, was first posited in 1992. This idea, initially based on numerical analyses with the ST2 water-like empirical potential, challenged the conventional understanding of water’s phase behaviour at the time and has since intrigued the scientific community. Over the past three decades, advancements in computational modelling—particularly through the advent of data-driven many-body potentials rigorously derived from first principles and augmented by the efficiency of neural networks—have greatly enhanced the accuracy of molecular simulations, enabling the exploration of the phase behaviour of water with unprecedented realism. Our study leverages these computational advances to probe the elusive liquid–liquid transition in supercooled water. Microsecond-long simulations with chemical accuracy, conducted over several years, provide compelling evidence that water indeed exists in two discernibly distinct liquid states at low temperature and high pressure. By pinpointing a realistic estimate for the location of the liquid–liquid critical point at ~198 K and ~1,250 atm, our study not only advances the current understanding of water’s anomalous behaviour but also establishes a basis for experimental validation. Importantly, our simulations indicate that the liquid–liquid critical point falls within temperature and pressure ranges that could potentially be experimentally probed in water nanodroplets, opening up the possibility for direct measurements.</p>","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143077182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Electronic melt
IF 19.6 1区 物理与天体物理
Nature Physics Pub Date : 2025-01-31 DOI: 10.1038/s41567-024-02779-4
Yoseob Yoon
{"title":"Electronic melt","authors":"Yoseob Yoon","doi":"10.1038/s41567-024-02779-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-024-02779-4","url":null,"abstract":"Electrons at extremely low density and temperature can crystallize into a solid known as a Wigner crystal. Optical spectroscopy now reveals how these crystals melt at higher densities via an intermediate phase, where crystalline and liquid regions coexist.","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143072106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Better qubits through phononic engineering
IF 19.6 1区 物理与天体物理
Nature Physics Pub Date : 2025-01-31 DOI: 10.1038/s41567-024-02775-8
Chang-Ling Zou, Luyan Sun
{"title":"Better qubits through phononic engineering","authors":"Chang-Ling Zou, Luyan Sun","doi":"10.1038/s41567-024-02775-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-024-02775-8","url":null,"abstract":"Controlling qubit–phonon interactions is crucial for solid-state quantum devices. Two recent studies demonstrate that phononic bandgap engineering can alter these interactions, leading to enhanced qubit coherence and scalability.","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143072190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Different facets of unconventional magnetism
IF 19.6 1区 物理与天体物理
Nature Physics Pub Date : 2025-01-30 DOI: 10.1038/s41567-024-02750-3
Qihang Liu, Xi Dai, Stefan Blügel
{"title":"Different facets of unconventional magnetism","authors":"Qihang Liu, Xi Dai, Stefan Blügel","doi":"10.1038/s41567-024-02750-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-024-02750-3","url":null,"abstract":"Recent advances in classifying magnets according to spin-group symmetry have expanded the possibilities of unconventional magnetism. Unconventional magnets — such as collinear spin-split antiferromagnets, also known as altermagnets, noncollinear spin-split antiferromagnets and anomalous-Hall antiferromagnets — combine the advantages of ferromagnetism and antiferromagnetism.","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":"07 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143056266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Publisher Correction: Selective and collective actuation in active solids
IF 19.6 1区 物理与天体物理
Nature Physics Pub Date : 2025-01-29 DOI: 10.1038/s41567-025-02798-9
P. Baconnier, D. Shohat, C. Hernández López, C. Coulais, V. Démery, G. Düring, O. Dauchot
{"title":"Publisher Correction: Selective and collective actuation in active solids","authors":"P. Baconnier, D. Shohat, C. Hernández López, C. Coulais, V. Démery, G. Düring, O. Dauchot","doi":"10.1038/s41567-025-02798-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-025-02798-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Correction to: <i>Nature Physics</i> https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-022-01704-x, published online 18 August 2022.</p>","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":"120 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143055591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The formation of a nuclear-spin dark state in silicon
IF 19.6 1区 物理与天体物理
Nature Physics Pub Date : 2025-01-28 DOI: 10.1038/s41567-024-02773-w
Xinxin Cai, Habitamu Y. Walelign, John M. Nichol
{"title":"The formation of a nuclear-spin dark state in silicon","authors":"Xinxin Cai, Habitamu Y. Walelign, John M. Nichol","doi":"10.1038/s41567-024-02773-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-024-02773-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Silicon-based qubits are often made by trapping individual electrons in quantum dots defined by electric gates. Quantum information can then be stored using the spin states of the electrons. However, the nuclei of the surrounding atoms also have spin degrees of freedom that couple to the electron-spin qubits and cause decoherence. The emergence of a nuclear-spin dark state has been predicted to reduce this coupling during dynamic nuclear polarization, when the electrons in the quantum dot drive the nuclei in the semiconductor into a decoupled state. Here we report the formation of a nuclear-spin dark state in a gate-defined silicon double quantum dot. We show that, as expected, the transverse electron–nuclear coupling rapidly diminishes in the dark state, and that this state depends on the synchronized precession of the nuclear spins. Moreover, the dark state significantly reduces the relaxation rate between the singlet and triplet electronic spin states. This nuclear-spin dark state has potential applications as a quantum memory or in quantum sensing, and might enable increased polarization of nuclear-spin ensembles.</p>","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143049906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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