Nature neuroscience最新文献

{"title":"What makes a theory of consciousness unscientific?","authors":"Michał Klincewicz, Tony Cheng, Michael Schmitz, Miguel Ángel Sebastián, Joel S. Snyder","doi":"10.1038/s41593-025-01881-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41593-025-01881-x","url":null,"abstract":"Theories of consciousness have a long and controversial history. One well-known proposal — integrated information theory — has recently been labeled as ‘pseudoscience’, which has caused a heated open debate. Here we discuss the case and argue that the theory is indeed unscientific because its core claims are untestable even in principle.","PeriodicalId":19076,"journal":{"name":"Nature neuroscience","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":25.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143582964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dopamine in the tail of the striatum facilitates avoidance in threat–reward conflicts","authors":"Iku Tsutsui-Kimura, Zhiyu Melissa Tian, Ryunosuke Amo, Yizhou Zhuo, Yulong Li, Malcolm G. Campbell, Naoshige Uchida, Mitsuko Watabe-Uchida","doi":"10.1038/s41593-025-01902-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41593-025-01902-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Responding appropriately to potential threats before they materialize is critical to avoiding disastrous outcomes. Here we examine how threat-coping behavior is regulated by the tail of the striatum (TS) and its dopamine input. Mice were presented with a potential threat (a moving object) while pursuing rewards. Initially, the mice failed to obtain rewards but gradually improved in later trials. We found that dopamine in TS promoted avoidance of the threat, even at the expense of reward acquisition. Furthermore, the activity of dopamine D1 receptor-expressing neurons promoted threat avoidance and prediction. In contrast, D2 neurons suppressed threat avoidance and facilitated overcoming the potential threat. Dopamine axon activation in TS not only potentiated the responses of dopamine D1 receptor-expressing neurons to novel sensory stimuli but also boosted them acutely. These results demonstrate that an opponent interaction of D1 and D2 neurons in the TS, modulated by dopamine, dynamically regulates avoidance and overcoming potential threats.</p>","PeriodicalId":19076,"journal":{"name":"Nature neuroscience","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":25.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143582965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A science of consciousness beyond pseudo-science and pseudo-consciousness","authors":"Alex Gomez-Marin, Anil K. Seth","doi":"10.1038/s41593-025-01913-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41593-025-01913-6","url":null,"abstract":"The scientific study of consciousness was sanctioned as an orthodox field of study only three decades ago. Since then, a variety of prominent theories have flourished, including integrated information theory, which has been recently accused of being pseudoscience by more than 100 academics. Here we critically assess this charge and offer thoughts to elevate the clash into positive lessons for our field.","PeriodicalId":19076,"journal":{"name":"Nature neuroscience","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":25.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143582925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Author Correction: Neuronal polyunsaturated fatty acids are protective in ALS/FTD","authors":"Ashling Giblin, Alexander J. Cammack, Niek Blomberg, Sharifah Anoar, Alla Mikheenko, Mireia Carcolé, Magda L. Atilano, Alex Hull, Dunxin Shen, Xiaoya Wei, Rachel Coneys, Lele Zhou, Yassene Mohammed, Damien Olivier-Jimenez, Lian Y. Wang, Kerri J. Kinghorn, Teresa Niccoli, Alyssa N. Coyne, Rik van der Kant, Tammaryn Lashley, Martin Giera, Linda Partridge, Adrian M. Isaacs","doi":"10.1038/s41593-025-01926-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41593-025-01926-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Correction to: <i>Nature Neuroscience</i> https://doi.org/10.1038/s41593-025-01889-3, published online 25 February 2025.</p>","PeriodicalId":19076,"journal":{"name":"Nature neuroscience","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":25.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143575336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Et tu, GABA?","authors":"Leonie Welberg","doi":"10.1038/s41593-025-01917-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41593-025-01917-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19076,"journal":{"name":"Nature neuroscience","volume":"28 3","pages":"433-433"},"PeriodicalIF":21.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143575334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SARS-CoV-2 affects Alzheimer’s disease","authors":"Laura Zelenka","doi":"10.1038/s41593-025-01918-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41593-025-01918-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19076,"journal":{"name":"Nature neuroscience","volume":"28 3","pages":"433-433"},"PeriodicalIF":21.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143575335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Signatures of emotional words","authors":"Henrietta Howells","doi":"10.1038/s41593-025-01916-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41593-025-01916-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19076,"journal":{"name":"Nature neuroscience","volume":"28 3","pages":"433-433"},"PeriodicalIF":21.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143575337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microglia dysfunction, neurovascular inflammation and focal neuropathologies are linked to IL-1- and IL-6-related systemic inflammation in COVID-19","authors":"Rebeka Fekete,&nbsp;Alba Simats,&nbsp;Eduárd Bíró,&nbsp;Balázs Pósfai,&nbsp;Csaba Cserép,&nbsp;Anett D. Schwarcz,&nbsp;Eszter Szabadits,&nbsp;Zsuzsanna Környei,&nbsp;Krisztina Tóth,&nbsp;Erzsébet Fichó,&nbsp;János Szalma,&nbsp;Sára Vida,&nbsp;Anna Kellermayer,&nbsp;Csaba Dávid,&nbsp;László Acsády,&nbsp;Levente Kontra,&nbsp;Carlos Silvestre-Roig,&nbsp;Judit Moldvay,&nbsp;János Fillinger,&nbsp;Attila Csikász-Nagy,&nbsp;Tibor Hortobágyi,&nbsp;Arthur Liesz,&nbsp;Szilvia Benkő,&nbsp;Ádám Dénes","doi":"10.1038/s41593-025-01871-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41593-025-01871-z","url":null,"abstract":"COVID-19 is associated with diverse neurological abnormalities, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. We hypothesized that microglia, the resident immune cells of the brain, are centrally involved in this process. To study this, we developed an autopsy platform allowing the integration of molecular anatomy, protein and mRNA datasets in postmortem mirror blocks of brain and peripheral organ samples from cases of COVID-19. We observed focal loss of microglial P2Y12R, CX3CR1–CX3CL1 axis deficits and metabolic failure at sites of virus-associated vascular inflammation in severely affected medullary autonomic nuclei and other brain areas. Microglial dysfunction is linked to mitochondrial injury at sites of excessive synapse and myelin phagocytosis and loss of glutamatergic terminals, in line with proteomic changes of synapse assembly, metabolism and neuronal injury. Furthermore, regionally heterogeneous microglial changes are associated with viral load and central and systemic inflammation related to interleukin (IL)-1 or IL-6 via virus-sensing pattern recognition receptors and inflammasomes. Thus, SARS-CoV-2-induced inflammation might lead to a primarily gliovascular failure in the brain, which could be a common contributor to diverse COVID-19-related neuropathologies. The authors show that brain inflammation in COVID-19 correlates with viral load, systemic inflammation and virus-sensing pattern recognition receptors. Microglial dysfunction occurs at sites of vascular inflammation with myelin injury and synapse loss.","PeriodicalId":19076,"journal":{"name":"Nature neuroscience","volume":"28 3","pages":"558-576"},"PeriodicalIF":21.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41593-025-01871-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143560860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuronal somatic mutations are increased in multiple sclerosis lesions","authors":"Allan Motyer, Stacey Jackson, Bicheng Yang, Ivon Harliwong, Wei Tian, Wing In Avis Shiu, Yunchang Shao, Bo Wang, Catriona McLean, Michael Barnett, Trevor J. Kilpatrick, Stephen Leslie, Justin P. Rubio","doi":"10.1038/s41593-025-01895-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41593-025-01895-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Neuroinflammation underpins neurodegeneration and clinical progression in multiple sclerosis (MS), but knowledge of processes linking these disease mechanisms remains incomplete. Here we investigated somatic single-nucleotide variants (sSNVs) in the genomes of 106 single neurons from post-mortem brain tissue of ten MS cases and 16 controls to determine whether somatic mutagenesis is involved. We observed an increase of 43.9 sSNVs per year in neurons from chronic MS lesions, a 2.5 times faster rate than in neurons from normal-appearing MS and control tissues. This difference was equivalent to 1,291 excess sSNVs in lesion neurons at 70 years of age compared to controls. We performed mutational signature analysis to investigate mechanisms underlying neuronal sSNVs and identified a signature characteristic of lesions with a strong, age-associated contribution to sSNV counts. This research suggests that neuroinflammation is mutagenic in the MS brain, potentially contributing to disease progression.</p>","PeriodicalId":19076,"journal":{"name":"Nature neuroscience","volume":"211 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":25.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143538431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lateral inhibition in V1 controls neural and perceptual contrast sensitivity","authors":"Joseph Del Rosario, Stefano Coletta, Soon Ho Kim, Zach Mobille, Kayla Peelman, Brice Williams, Alan J. Otsuki, Alejandra Del Castillo Valerio, Kendell Worden, Lou T. Blanpain, Lyndah Lovell, Hannah Choi, Bilal Haider","doi":"10.1038/s41593-025-01888-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41593-025-01888-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Lateral inhibition is a central principle in sensory system function. It is thought to operate by the activation of inhibitory neurons that restrict the spatial spread of sensory excitation. However, the neurons, computations and mechanisms underlying cortical lateral inhibition remain debated, and its importance for perception remains unknown. Here we show that lateral inhibition from parvalbumin neurons in mouse primary visual cortex reduced neural and perceptual sensitivity to visual contrast in a uniform subtractive manner, whereas lateral inhibition from somatostatin neurons more effectively changed the slope (or gain) of neural and perceptual contrast sensitivity. A neural circuit model, anatomical tracing and direct subthreshold measurements indicated that the larger spatial footprint for somatostatin versus parvalbumin synaptic inhibition explains this difference. Together, these results define cell-type-specific computational roles for lateral inhibition in primary visual cortex, and establish their unique consequences on sensitivity to contrast, a fundamental aspect of the visual world.</p>","PeriodicalId":19076,"journal":{"name":"Nature neuroscience","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":25.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143532409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}