{"title":"WHOLISTIC tracks the entire body","authors":"William P. Olson","doi":"10.1038/s41593-026-02478-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41593-026-02478-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19076,"journal":{"name":"Nature neuroscience","volume":"29 10","pages":"2381-2381"},"PeriodicalIF":20.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149087929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"In conversation with Grégoire Courtine","authors":"Henrietta Howells","doi":"10.1038/s41593-026-02459-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41593-026-02459-x","url":null,"abstract":"As part of our special issue on neurotechnology, we spoke with Grégoire Courtine, professor at the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, about spinal stimulation, brain–spine interfaces and the overlooked computational power of the spinal cord. He reflects on the experiment that convinced him paralysis was not necessarily irreversible and the potential of neurotechnology for fundamental neuroscience as much as clinical interventions.","PeriodicalId":19076,"journal":{"name":"Nature neuroscience","volume":"29 10","pages":"2375-2376"},"PeriodicalIF":20.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149087927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"In conversation with Edward Chang","authors":"Henrietta Howells","doi":"10.1038/s41593-026-02453-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41593-026-02453-3","url":null,"abstract":"As part of our special issue on neurotechnology, we spoke with Edward Chang, Margaret Liu Collins and Edward B. Collins distinguished Professor and Chair of neurosurgery at the University of California, San Francisco, about the evolution of speech brain–computer interfaces (BCIs). He discusses how advances in AI are accelerating the translation of BCIs into the clinic, the challenge of restoring natural communication, and why large-scale neural datasets may ultimately help build computational models of the human brain.","PeriodicalId":19076,"journal":{"name":"Nature neuroscience","volume":"29 10","pages":"2362-2364"},"PeriodicalIF":20.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149087930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"In conversation with Sergey Stavisky","authors":"Henrietta Howells","doi":"10.1038/s41593-026-02443-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41593-026-02443-5","url":null,"abstract":"As part of our special issue on Neurotechnology, we spoke with Sergey Stavisky, Associate Professor at the University of California, Davis, about the breakthroughs that have transformed speech neuroprostheses from proof-of-concept demonstrations into practical communication systems. He reflects on the scientific surprises, engineering challenges and ethical questions that are shaping the future of neural interfaces.","PeriodicalId":19076,"journal":{"name":"Nature neuroscience","volume":"29 10","pages":"2365-2367"},"PeriodicalIF":20.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149087932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jonathan Rittmo, Nicolai Franzmeier, Olof Strandberg, Léa Chauveau, Theodore D. Satterthwaite, Laura E. M. Wisse, Nicola Spotorno, Harry H. Behjat, Amir Dehsarvi, Danielle van Westen, Toomas Erik Anijärv, The Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, Susan M. Landau, Sebastian Palmqvist, Shorena Janelidze, Erik Stomrud, Rik Ossenkoppele, Niklas Mattsson-Carlgren, Oskar Hansson, Jacob W. Vogel
{"title":"Different functional connectivity gradients reflect aging and Alzheimer’s disease","authors":"Jonathan Rittmo, Nicolai Franzmeier, Olof Strandberg, Léa Chauveau, Theodore D. Satterthwaite, Laura E. M. Wisse, Nicola Spotorno, Harry H. Behjat, Amir Dehsarvi, Danielle van Westen, Toomas Erik Anijärv, The Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, Susan M. Landau, Sebastian Palmqvist, Shorena Janelidze, Erik Stomrud, Rik Ossenkoppele, Niklas Mattsson-Carlgren, Oskar Hansson, Jacob W. Vogel","doi":"10.1038/s41593-026-02402-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41593-026-02402-0","url":null,"abstract":"Aging and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are accompanied by alterations to large-scale communication patterns in the brain, which can be tracked in vivo using functional connectivity. The location, direction and relevance of these changes remain widely debated, although they are rarely studied in the context of whole-cortex communication dynamics. Here, in two independent cohorts (BioFINDER-2, N = 973; Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, N = 129), we show that functional connectivity changes associated with aging and AD are strongly aligned with separate fundamental axes of hierarchical brain communication. Early accumulation of AD pathology and subsequent cognitive decline are both linked to functional change along the sensory–association axis. Meanwhile, age-related functional changes occur along the representation–executive axis consistently throughout the adult lifespan. These findings together suggest that both AD and aging alter major but orthogonal functional pathways in the brain. More broadly, our findings position whole-brain connectivity dynamics as a unifying framework for interpreting functional changes across the adult lifespan.","PeriodicalId":19076,"journal":{"name":"Nature neuroscience","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":25.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149087623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"In conversation with Jennifer Collinger","authors":"Henrietta Howells","doi":"10.1038/s41593-026-02451-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41593-026-02451-5","url":null,"abstract":"As part of our special issue on neurotechnology, we spoke with Jennifer Collinger, Professor at the University of Pittsburgh, about how sensory feedback is reshaping brain–computer interfaces, the surprising stability of neural representations after spinal cord injury, and the scientific and engineering challenges of building truly bidirectional neuroprosthetic systems that restore movement and touch.","PeriodicalId":19076,"journal":{"name":"Nature neuroscience","volume":"29 10","pages":"2372-2374"},"PeriodicalIF":20.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149092294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The many interfaces of neurotechnology","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s41593-026-02483-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41593-026-02483-x","url":null,"abstract":"At the heart of neurotechnology are interactions between brains and machines, users and devices, and basic and translational science. The contributions in this issue show how these interfaces are driving both technology and new discoveries about the nervous system.","PeriodicalId":19076,"journal":{"name":"Nature neuroscience","volume":"29 10","pages":"2357-2357"},"PeriodicalIF":20.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41593-026-02483-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149100797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shwathy Ramesan, Joel Mason, Sandeep S. Kumar, Molly E. V. Swanson, Denis Korneev, Samuel A. Mills, Yasith Mathangasinghe, Aaron Andres, Lijun Loh, Tyra D. Fraser, Katherine N. Lewis, François-Xavier E. Beau, Stephanie Chua, Natasha Kapoor-Kaushik, Lewis J. Williams, Miran Mrkela, Bradley J. Turner, Georg Ramm, Matthew V. Rutar, Heejung Shim, David G. Gonsalvez, Samantha K. Barton
{"title":"A human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived spheroid model to investigate myelin injury and repair","authors":"Shwathy Ramesan, Joel Mason, Sandeep S. Kumar, Molly E. V. Swanson, Denis Korneev, Samuel A. Mills, Yasith Mathangasinghe, Aaron Andres, Lijun Loh, Tyra D. Fraser, Katherine N. Lewis, François-Xavier E. Beau, Stephanie Chua, Natasha Kapoor-Kaushik, Lewis J. Williams, Miran Mrkela, Bradley J. Turner, Georg Ramm, Matthew V. Rutar, Heejung Shim, David G. Gonsalvez, Samantha K. Barton","doi":"10.1038/s41593-026-02457-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41593-026-02457-z","url":null,"abstract":"There are no currently approved therapies that promote new myelin formation after myelin damage, which can, in part, be attributed to a lack of reliable systems that can reproducibly model these processes. Here we engineered a human iPSC-derived spheroid model enriched with mature, myelinating oligodendrocytes and functionally reactive microglia. This model enables the study of human central nervous system remyelination after a demyelinating insult by recapitulating processes of myelin damage and repair. These include myelin fragmentation, microglial reactivity and phagocytosis of myelin debris, oligodendrocyte generation and differentiation, and axonal ensheathment with newly formed myelin. We show that newly generated oligodendrocytes contribute to remyelination, and use ultrastructural quantification to demonstrate that remyelinated axons are ensheathed by thinner myelin after injury. Altogether, we provide a model to interrogate otherwise inaccessible aspects of human myelin biology relevant to multiple sclerosis, providing mechanistic insights into disease pathways and a platform for drug screening.","PeriodicalId":19076,"journal":{"name":"Nature neuroscience","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":25.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149087637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Melissa Franch, Elizabeth A. Mickiewicz, James L. Belanger, Brad Joiner, Kalman A. Katlowitz, Hanlin Zhu, Ana G. Chavez, Assia Chericoni, Alica M. Goldman, Vaishnav Krishnan, Atul Maheshwari, Danika L. Paulo, Eleonora Bartoli, Suzanne Kemmer, Steven T. Piantadosi, Nicole R. Provenza, Jay A. Hennig, Sameer A. Sheth, Benjamin Y. Hayden
{"title":"A population code for semantics in human hippocampus","authors":"Melissa Franch, Elizabeth A. Mickiewicz, James L. Belanger, Brad Joiner, Kalman A. Katlowitz, Hanlin Zhu, Ana G. Chavez, Assia Chericoni, Alica M. Goldman, Vaishnav Krishnan, Atul Maheshwari, Danika L. Paulo, Eleonora Bartoli, Suzanne Kemmer, Steven T. Piantadosi, Nicole R. Provenza, Jay A. Hennig, Sameer A. Sheth, Benjamin Y. Hayden","doi":"10.1038/s41593-026-02436-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41593-026-02436-4","url":null,"abstract":"Motivated by the successes of large language models (LLMs), we hypothesized that semantic information in the brain may be expressed in distributed patterns of neural activity. We recorded responses of hippocampal neurons while individuals listened to narrative speech. Here, using an encoding model approach, we find robust encoding of semantics, even after controlling for phonemics and grammar. Individual words had complex selectivities that included multiple words in multiple semantic categories. Similar to embedding vectors in LLMs, distance between neural population responses correlated with semantic distance. For semantically similar words, even contextual embedders showed an inverse correlation between semantic and neural distances; we attribute this pattern to the noise-mitigating benefits of contrastive coding. Finally, neural population activity aligned most closely with GPT-2 embeddings, and variation in response patterns correlated with LLM-derived polysemy measures, indicating that semantic encoding is largely contextualized. Ultimately, these results provide a neurocomputational account for understanding how hippocampal neurons encode word meaning during language listening.","PeriodicalId":19076,"journal":{"name":"Nature neuroscience","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":25.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149087638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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