Nature neuroscience最新文献

{"title":"Integrating neuroscience across species and scales","authors":"Ammar I. Marvi, Jacob S. Prince, Kendrick Kay","doi":"10.1038/s41593-026-02346-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41593-026-02346-5","url":null,"abstract":"Neuroscientists have an ever-expanding array of tools for measuring brain activity at multiple scales, motivating efforts to integrate diverse datasets and capitalize on their complementary strengths. The new Triple-N dataset introduced by Li et al. tackles this challenge by conducting large-scale macaque electrophysiology in an experimental paradigm matched to the human 7T fMRI Natural Scenes Dataset.","PeriodicalId":19076,"journal":{"name":"Nature neuroscience","volume":"29 8","pages":"1783-1784"},"PeriodicalIF":20.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148258885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Publisher Correction: TGFβ signaling mediates microglial resilience to spatiotemporally restricted myelin degeneration","authors":"Keying Zhu, Yun Liu, Jin-Hong Min, Vijay Joshua, Jianing Lin, Yue Li, Judith C. Kreutzmann, Yuxi Guo, Wenlong Xia, Elyas Mohammadi, Melanie Pieber, Valerie Suerth, Yiming Xia, Zaneta Andrusivova, Jean-Philippe Hugnot, Shigeaki Kanatani, Per Uhlén, Joakim Lundeberg, Xiaofei Li, Stephen P. J. Fancy, Heela Sarlus, Robert A. Harris, Harald Lund","doi":"10.1038/s41593-026-02361-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41593-026-02361-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19076,"journal":{"name":"Nature neuroscience","volume":"29 7","pages":"1776-1776"},"PeriodicalIF":20.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41593-026-02361-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148258961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Striatal pathways dissociably control action counting and goal-directed steering","authors":"Isabella P. Fallon, Marina Roshchina, Feiyang Hong, Sofia Fernandez, Shaolin Ruan, Henry H. Yin","doi":"10.1038/s41593-026-02330-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41593-026-02330-z","url":null,"abstract":"The basal ganglia (BG) are central to voluntary action, yet how they organize complex behavior remains unclear. Using a novel operant counting task, we trained mice to perform a specific number of lever presses to obtain a reward, enabling quantification of continuous kinematics and discrete actions. Stimulation of direct pathway and indirect pathway neurons (dSPNs and iSPNs) exert bidirectional and dissociable influences on both movement steering and press count: activation of dSPNs steers mice contraversively and extends press sequences, whereas activation of iSPNs steers mice ipsiversively and prematurely terminates press sequences. Calcium imaging reveals dSPNs and iSPNs that tracked physical approach or count progress, with ramping activity patterns consistent with accumulation and discharge dynamics. The difference between dSPN and iSPN population activity scales with proximity to spatial and numerical goals. These findings show that the BG implement a push–pull controller to integrate kinematics and action counting to steer progress toward goals. Striatal direct and indirect pathways jointly control how many actions are performed during counting, and how animals move toward specific goals. These pathways implement a push–pull controller for discrete action counting as well as continuous movement control.","PeriodicalId":19076,"journal":{"name":"Nature neuroscience","volume":"29 8","pages":"1920-1930"},"PeriodicalIF":20.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148239668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cerebrovascular vulnerability and fibrosis in human brain aneurysms","authors":"Jerry C. Wang, Chang N. Kim, Shubhang Bhalla, Lea Scherschinski, Adnan Gopinadhan, Santhosh Arul, Damian Sanchez, Tyler D. Schriber, Amanda C. M. Apolonio, Belda Gülsuyu, Muhammet M. Öztürk, John P. Andrews, Joseph Kim, Behnam Rezai Jahromi, Mika Niemelä, Martin Lehecka, Aunoy Poddar, Thomas Wälchli, Joshua S. Catapano, Rajeev D. Sen, Michael R. Levitt, Daniel L. Cooke, Kazim Narsinh, Ruchira M. Jha, Tomoki Hashimoto, S. Paul Oh, Eric J. Huang, Edward F. Chang, Daniel A. Lim, Adib A. Abla, Andrew C. Yang, Tomasz J. Nowakowski, Michael T. Lawton, Ethan A. Winkler","doi":"10.1038/s41593-026-02326-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41593-026-02326-9","url":null,"abstract":"Brain aneurysms are a cerebrovascular disease that results in a severe type of stroke. The cell-specific molecular pathology underlying their formation and rupture is unknown. Here we profile 227,663 neurovascular cells, including 52,946 aneurysmal cells, from a total of 14 adult human brain aneurysms and 11 control vessels. Our atlas of human brain aneurysms, as well as cell-resolution spatial transcriptomics, revealed that pathological cerebrovascular remodeling occurs with the loss of structurally supportive smooth muscle cells and the emergence of activated perivascular fibroblasts, which re-populate the vascular wall and express multiple genes linked to aneurysm risk. Fibrotic changes coincide with fibroblast–myeloid cell signaling pathways and an influx of specialized macrophages that are rarely detected in non-aneurysmal cerebrovasculature and that express destabilizing vascular cell programs. Thus, we reveal an unrecognized interplay between cerebrovascular fibrosis and myeloid inflammation during disease progression, substantially advancing our understanding of the cellular drivers and mechanisms underlying this devastating cerebrovascular disease that will inform translational development. A cell and spatial atlas of human brain aneurysms identifies an interaction between scarring fibroblasts and inflammatory macrophages linked to vessel wall remodeling, disease progression and rupture leading to stroke.","PeriodicalId":19076,"journal":{"name":"Nature neuroscience","volume":"29 8","pages":"1814-1825"},"PeriodicalIF":20.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41593-026-02326-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148218756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cerebellar aging is spatially heterogeneous and supports cognitive resilience in later life","authors":"Federico d’Oleire Uquillas, Esra Sefik, Jakob Seidlitz, Edan Daniel Hertz, Rafael Romero-Garcia, Varun Warrier, Richard A. I. Bethlehem, Aaron F. Alexander-Bloch, Jonathan D. Cohen, Samuel S.-H. Wang, Jorge Sepulcre, Patrizia Vannini, Jesse Gomez","doi":"10.1038/s41593-026-02289-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41593-026-02289-x","url":null,"abstract":"The cerebellum contains most of the brain’s neurons and supports many functions, yet how it changes with age remains unclear. Here we used three brain imaging studies spanning 47,000 adults and examined how different parts of the cerebellum age and their relation to cognition. We characterized cerebellar aging using volumetry and the T1-weighted/T2-weighted ratio, and corroborated these findings with quantitative magnetic resonance imaging in an independent sample. We show a spatially heterogeneous pattern of aging in which specific association and motor-related regions show steeper relationships with age than other lobules. Greater cerebellar volume was associated with higher cognitive scores with increasing age, suggesting that cerebellar structure may provide brain reserve that helps maintain function despite aging. In patients with Alzheimer’s disease, cerebellar volume was linked to cognition in individuals with lower amyloid burden, especially in those carrying two copies of the APOE-ε4 risk gene. This supports a threshold-reserve model, in which the cerebellum helps sustain cognition until pathology becomes widespread. These results show that the cerebellum has an active role in healthy cognitive aging and resilience. The cerebellum ages unevenly, with some regions showing preservation that may help protect the brain from decline. The authors show that large cerebellar volume is associated with stronger cognitive resilience in healthy aging and Alzheimer’s disease.","PeriodicalId":19076,"journal":{"name":"Nature neuroscience","volume":"29 7","pages":"1699-1710"},"PeriodicalIF":20.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41593-026-02289-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148218815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Triple-N dataset: large-scale fMRI-guided dense recordings of nonhuman primate neural responses to natural scenes","authors":"Yipeng Li, Xieyi Liu, Wanru Li, Jia Yang, Baoqi Gong, Wei Jin, Zhengxin Gong, Kesheng Wang, Jingqiu Luo, Zishuo Zhao, Pinglei Bao","doi":"10.1038/s41593-026-02322-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41593-026-02322-z","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding high-level visual processing requires data that capture both fine-grained neuronal activity and large-scale cortical organization. We present the Triple-N dataset, which extends the Natural Scenes Dataset (NSD) framework to macaques by combining functional magnetic resonance imaging with dense Neuropixels recordings in the inferotemporal cortex and early visual areas during the viewing of 1,000 NSD images. Neuropixels probes provide high-resolution population sampling, capturing hundreds of simultaneously isolated units with millisecond temporal precision. Using these data, we show that inferotemporal category-selective regions exhibit robust tuning for their preferred categories, and dense sampling further reveals diverse temporal response patterns and image-dependent latency variations that reflect both intrinsic neuronal properties and stimulus features. Aligning macaque electrophysiology with human NSD functional magnetic resonance imaging demonstrates cross-species correspondences and divergences in representational geometry. Overall, the Triple-N dataset lays a foundation for unifying single-neuron dynamics, cortical representations and cross-species comparisons, helping to shape a more comprehensive understanding of primate visual processing. Li et al. used functional MRI-guided high-density electrophysiological recordings across macaque visual cortex to characterize responses to natural scenes, providing a resource for studying visual coding and cross-species comparisons.","PeriodicalId":19076,"journal":{"name":"Nature neuroscience","volume":"29 8","pages":"1999-2011"},"PeriodicalIF":20.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148218748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human learning of noninvasive brain-computer interfaces via manifold geometry.","authors":"Erica L Busch, E Chandra Fincke, Guillaume Lajoie, Smita Krishnaswamy, Nicholas B Turk-Browne","doi":"10.1038/s41593-026-02311-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41593-026-02311-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) promise to restore and enhance human capabilities. Yet, their adoption has been limited by slow and inconsistent learning across users. We show that BCI learning is accelerated by leveraging the naturally occurring geometry, or intrinsic manifold, of brain activity, extracted using data diffusion. Participants were trained with real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging to control an avatar in a video game by self-modulating activity in brain regions supporting spatial navigation. We perturbed the mapping between brain activity and avatar movement to test how neural manifolds constrain human BCI learning. When new mappings relied on directions of significant variance on the intrinsic manifold, participants successfully gained control by realigning brain activity along these directions. When new mappings did not follow the intrinsic manifold, participants could not learn to control the avatar. These findings show how manifold geometry in higher-order brain regions guides human learning of complex cognitive tasks, identifying a principle for improving future neurotechnologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":19076,"journal":{"name":"Nature neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":20.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13318486/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148211960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Induction of cortical on/off periods in awake mice fulfills sleep functions","authors":"Kort Driessen,&nbsp;Fabio Squarcio,&nbsp;Giulio Tononi,&nbsp;Chiara Cirelli","doi":"10.1038/s41593-026-02318-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41593-026-02318-9","url":null,"abstract":"In mammals, slow-wave sleep is characterized by synchronized neuronal activity that alternates between on and off periods. Slow-wave activity (SWA) and synchrony reflect sleep need, are correlated with synaptic strength in cortical circuits and promote synaptic downselection and memory consolidation. Here we assessed whether these core benefits of sleep can be obtained during waking. We locally induced alternating on/off periods during wakefulness using optogenetics in mice. This led to a local ipsilateral reduction in SWA and synchrony during subsequent sleep, and to reduced markers of synaptic strength. Moreover, bilateral induction of off periods over sensorimotor cortex during sleep deprivation restored memory consolidation. Thus, inducing on/off activity during wakefulness is sufficient to reduce local sleep need and fulfill core functions of sleep. Driessen et al. show that core benefits of sleep—reduced local sleep pressure, renormalized synaptic strength and memory consolidation—can be reproduced in awake, behaving mice by inducing sleep-like on/off activity patterns in cortex.","PeriodicalId":19076,"journal":{"name":"Nature neuroscience","volume":"29 8","pages":"1954-1965"},"PeriodicalIF":20.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41593-026-02318-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148205686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flexibility begins in the dendrites","authors":"William P. Olson","doi":"10.1038/s41593-026-02336-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41593-026-02336-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19076,"journal":{"name":"Nature neuroscience","volume":"29 6","pages":"1271-1271"},"PeriodicalIF":20.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148196379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A neural signature to predict attention shifting delays in children and adults.","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s41593-026-02295-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41593-026-02295-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19076,"journal":{"name":"Nature neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":20.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148205745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}