Nature neuroscience最新文献

The choreography of cerebral vasculature development 脑血管发育的舞蹈

IF 2 1区医学

Nature neuroscience Pub Date : 2026-05-08 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-026-02305-0

Ioana A. Marin

引用次数: 0

A couple of couplings 有几个耦合

IF 2 1区医学

Nature neuroscience Pub Date : 2026-05-08 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-026-02306-z

William P. Olson

引用次数: 0

Screening for photoreceptor survival 筛选光感受器存活

IF 2 1区医学

Nature neuroscience Pub Date : 2026-05-08 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-026-02307-y

Ana Uzquiano

引用次数: 0

Neurons for seeing and imagining 用于视觉和想象的神经元

IF 2 1区医学

Nature neuroscience Pub Date : 2026-05-08 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-026-02304-1

Henrietta Howells

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Human hippocampal ripples coordinate planning sequences and compositional representations in neocortex. 人类海马波纹协调规划序列和新皮层组成表征。

IF 2 1区医学

Nature neuroscience Pub Date : 2026-05-06 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-026-02291-3

Li He, Xiongfei Wang, Jinbo Zhang, Zhibing Xiao, Xiangyu Hu, Philipp Schwartenbeck, Jacob Bakermans, Tim Behrens, Yunzhe Liu

{"title":"Human hippocampal ripples coordinate planning sequences and compositional representations in neocortex.","authors":"Li He, Xiongfei Wang, Jinbo Zhang, Zhibing Xiao, Xiangyu Hu, Philipp Schwartenbeck, Jacob Bakermans, Tim Behrens, Yunzhe Liu","doi":"10.1038/s41593-026-02291-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41593-026-02291-3","url":null,"abstract":"The human brain excels at solving novel problems by flexibly recombining a limited set of familiar elements, often through the internal planning of sequences that assemble these elements into new configurations. Although the hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) are known to support such flexible planning, the neuronal mechanisms underlying their interaction remain unclear. Here we recorded high-resolution intracranial electroencephalography simultaneously from the hippocampus and cortical regions of 28 patients with epilepsy performing two LEGO-like inference tasks. We replicated key neuroimaging findings and, crucially, reveal how mPFC representations are dynamically updated around hippocampal ripples to encode inferred solutions as compositional structures. Hippocampal ripples shift mPFC representations toward the inferred relational configuration, facilitated by replay that reorganizes building blocks into candidate sequences. Replay is strongest during ripple periods, closely coordinates with mPFC activity and is predictive of efficient inferential behavior. Together, hippocampal ripples and replay emerge as a key mechanism for dynamically updating cortical representations online to support planning and inference.","PeriodicalId":19076,"journal":{"name":"Nature neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":20.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147840661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Molecular mechanism of calcium permeability and magnesium block in NMDA receptors. NMDA受体钙通透性和镁阻滞的分子机制。

IF 2 1区医学

Nature neuroscience Pub Date : 2026-05-05 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-026-02283-3

Ruben Steigerwald, Max Epstein, Tsung-Han Chou, Noriko Simorowski, Hiro Furukawa

{"title":"Molecular mechanism of calcium permeability and magnesium block in NMDA receptors.","authors":"Ruben Steigerwald, Max Epstein, Tsung-Han Chou, Noriko Simorowski, Hiro Furukawa","doi":"10.1038/s41593-026-02283-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41593-026-02283-3","url":null,"abstract":"Hebbian neuroplasticity, which is thought to be a cellular substrate of learning and memory, can occur by means of coincidental detection of presynaptic neurotransmitter release and Ca2+ influx upon postsynaptic depolarization. This is mediated at a molecular level by N-methyl-D-aspartate-type glutamate receptors, which bind glutamate and glycine and facilitate Ca2+ influx upon relief of Mg2+ channel block during membrane depolarization. However, the structural mechanism underlying Ca2+ permeability and Mg2+ blockade in N-methyl-D-aspartate-type glutamate receptors has yet to be fully elucidated. Here we demonstrate using single-particle cryo-electron microscopy that Ca2+ permeation through the narrow constriction of the cation selectivity filter involves partial dehydration, as evidenced by several Ca2+ binding sites. In contrast, Mg2+ binds outside of the selectivity filter through a water network and remains hydrated, thereby acting as a channel blocker. Furthermore, the lipid network around the selectivity filter influences the stability of Mg2+ binding in a voltage-dependent manner. Our study details the transmembrane chemistry essential for initiating neuroplasticity.","PeriodicalId":19076,"journal":{"name":"Nature neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":20.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147840655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Astrocytic cholesterol jams brain clearance in AD. 星形细胞胆固醇阻塞阿尔茨海默病的大脑清除。

IF 2 1区医学

Nature neuroscience Pub Date : 2026-05-05 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-026-02310-3

Daan Verhaege, Jonathan Kipnis

引用次数: 0

Microglia-dependent regulation of fear memory extinction. 依赖小胶质细胞的恐惧记忆消退调节。

IF 2 1区医学

Nature neuroscience Pub Date : 2026-05-04 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-026-02286-0

Yunlong Liu, Jiaoyang Wo, Emily E Kramer, Xiaoyu Chen, Sungmo Park, Shuo Huang, Catherine Lin, Sheena A Josselyn, Paul W Frankland

{"title":"Microglia-dependent regulation of fear memory extinction.","authors":"Yunlong Liu, Jiaoyang Wo, Emily E Kramer, Xiaoyu Chen, Sungmo Park, Shuo Huang, Catherine Lin, Sheena A Josselyn, Paul W Frankland","doi":"10.1038/s41593-026-02286-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41593-026-02286-0","url":null,"abstract":"Traumatic events produce enduring memories that may be attenuated through extinction learning. Previous work has identified neuronal mechanisms underlying extinction learning that involve the remodeling or inhibition of neuronal ensembles (or engrams) that support the original fear memory. Here we identify a role for microglia in extinction learning in mice. We show that, during extinction, microglia are recruited to the soma and dendritic processes of fear engram neurons in the dentate gyrus. Interactions between microglia and somata mediate transient silencing of engram neurons. Inhibition of microglial recruitment to somata attenuated extinction-induced reductions in engram reactivity and slowed extinction. By contrast, interactions between microglia and dendritic processes promote engulfment of engram synapses and remodeling of engram neurons. Blocking complement signaling in engram neurons prevented extinction-induced engram neuron remodeling and slowed extinction. Together, these findings identify microglia as key regulators of fear engram expression and remodeling during extinction learning.","PeriodicalId":19076,"journal":{"name":"Nature neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":20.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147840667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Phasing out animal research prematurely will maintain gender inequities in medicine. 过早地逐步淘汰动物研究将维持医学领域的性别不平等。

IF 2 1区医学

Nature neuroscience Pub Date : 2026-05-04 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-026-02309-w

Irina Kovlyagina, Ivana Jaric

引用次数: 0

Stochastic growth and ligand-receptor interaction-mediated stabilization generate stereotyped dendritic arbors. 随机生长和配体-受体相互作用介导的稳定产生定型树突乔木。

IF 2 1区医学

Nature neuroscience Pub Date : 2026-05-04 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-026-02278-0

Rebecca Shi, Xue Yan Ho, Li Tao, Landon Bayless-Edwards, Caitlin A Taylor, Ting Zhao, Wei Zou, Malcolm Lizzappi, Kelsie Eichel, Tianyi Mao, Kang Shen

{"title":"Stochastic growth and ligand-receptor interaction-mediated stabilization generate stereotyped dendritic arbors.","authors":"Rebecca Shi, Xue Yan Ho, Li Tao, Landon Bayless-Edwards, Caitlin A Taylor, Ting Zhao, Wei Zou, Malcolm Lizzappi, Kelsie Eichel, Tianyi Mao, Kang Shen","doi":"10.1038/s41593-026-02278-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41593-026-02278-0","url":null,"abstract":"Stereotyped dendritic arbors are shaped by dynamic and stochastic growth during neuronal development. It remains unclear how guidance receptors and ligands coordinate branch dynamic growth, retraction and stabilization to specify dendritic arbors. We previously showed that extracellular adhesion ligand SAX-7/LICAM dictates the elaborate and stereotyped shape of the Caenorhabditis elegans PVD sensory dendrite via binding to the guidance receptor DMA-1, a single transmembrane adhesion molecule. Here, we perform structure-function analyses of DMA-1 and unexpectedly find that robust, stochastic dendritic growth does not require ligand binding. Instead, ligand contacts prevent dendrite retraction, inhibit ectopic growth and specify arbor shape. Furthermore, we demonstrate that dendritic growth requires a pool of ligand-free DMA-1, which is maintained by receptor endocytosis and reinsertion to the plasma membrane via recycling endosomes. Mutants defective of DMA-1 endocytosis show severely truncated dendrites. We present a model in which ligand-free guidance receptor mediates intrinsic, stochastic dendritic growth, while extracellular ligands instruct dendrite shape by inhibiting growth.","PeriodicalId":19076,"journal":{"name":"Nature neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":20.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147840673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0