Nature neuroscience最新文献_第2页

A trainee-informed model for undergraduate neuroscience research programs serving marginalized students 为边缘化学生服务的神经科学本科生研究项目的受训者知情模式

IF 21.2 1区医学

Nature neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-10-25 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-024-01790-5

Christian Cazares, Maribel Patiño, Minerva Contreras, Julia C. Gorman, Jillybeth Burgado, Sana A. Ali, Quirine van Engen, Eena L. Kosik, Pamela Riviere, Emily T. Baltz, Chimuanya K. Agba, Michael Preston, Akshay Nagarajan, Jianna Cressy, Natalie Paredes, Chiaki Santiago, Kevin L. White

引用次数: 0

The hippocampal CA2 region discriminates social threat from social safety 海马 CA2 区区分社会威胁和社会安全

IF 21.2 1区医学

Nature neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-10-15 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-024-01771-8

Pegah Kassraian, Shivani K. Bigler, Diana M. Gilly Suarez, Neilesh Shrotri, Anastasia Barnett, Heon-Jin Lee, W. Scott Young, Steven A. Siegelbaum

{"title":"The hippocampal CA2 region discriminates social threat from social safety","authors":"Pegah Kassraian, Shivani K. Bigler, Diana M. Gilly Suarez, Neilesh Shrotri, Anastasia Barnett, Heon-Jin Lee, W. Scott Young, Steven A. Siegelbaum","doi":"10.1038/s41593-024-01771-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41593-024-01771-8","url":null,"abstract":"The dorsal cornu ammonis 2 (dCA2) region of the hippocampus enables the discrimination of novel from familiar conspecifics. However, the neural bases for more complex social–spatial episodic memories are unknown. Here we report that the spatial and social contents of an aversive social experience require distinct hippocampal regions. While dorsal CA1 (dCA1) pyramidal neurons mediate the memory of an aversive location, dCA2 pyramidal neurons enable the discrimination of threat-associated (CS+) from safety-associated (CS−) conspecifics in both female and male mice. Silencing dCA2 during encoding or recall trials disrupted social fear discrimination memory, resulting in fear responses toward both the CS+ and CS− mice. Calcium imaging revealed that the aversive experience strengthened and stabilized dCA2 representations of both the CS+ and CS− mice, with the incorporation of an abstract representation of social valence into representations of social identity. Thus, dCA2 contributes to both social novelty detection and the adaptive discrimination of threat-associated from safety-associated individuals during an aversive social episodic experience. The hippocampal dorsal CA2 enables the recognition of novel conspecifics. Kassraian et al. show that it is also required for discriminating safety- versus threat-associated conspecifics and that its disruption gives rise to generalized social avoidance.","PeriodicalId":19076,"journal":{"name":"Nature neuroscience","volume":"27 11","pages":"2193-2206"},"PeriodicalIF":21.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142436324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Perturbing the line 扰动线路

IF 21.2 1区医学

Nature neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-10-04 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-024-01779-0

Luis A. Mejia

引用次数: 0

Beyond category-based object characterization 超越基于类别的物体特征描述

IF 21.2 1区医学

Nature neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-10-04 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-024-01781-6

Henrietta Howells

引用次数: 0

Oligodendrocytes need lymphatics, emphatically 强调少突胶质细胞需要淋巴管

IF 21.2 1区医学

Nature neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-10-04 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-024-01778-1

Shari Wiseman

引用次数: 0

DNA methylation drives astrocyte stemness DNA 甲基化驱动星形胶质细胞的干性

IF 21.2 1区医学

Nature neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-10-04 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-024-01780-7

George Andrew S. Inglis

引用次数: 0

Exome sequencing of 20,979 individuals with epilepsy reveals shared and distinct ultra-rare genetic risk across disorder subtypes 对 20979 名癫痫患者的外显子组测序揭示了不同亚型癫痫的共同和独特的超罕见遗传风险

IF 21.2 1区医学

Nature neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-024-01747-8

Epi25 Collaborative

{"title":"Exome sequencing of 20,979 individuals with epilepsy reveals shared and distinct ultra-rare genetic risk across disorder subtypes","authors":"Epi25 Collaborative","doi":"10.1038/s41593-024-01747-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41593-024-01747-8","url":null,"abstract":"Identifying genetic risk factors for highly heterogeneous disorders such as epilepsy remains challenging. Here we present, to our knowledge, the largest whole-exome sequencing study of epilepsy to date, with more than 54,000 human exomes, comprising 20,979 deeply phenotyped patients from multiple genetic ancestry groups with diverse epilepsy subtypes and 33,444 controls, to investigate rare variants that confer disease risk. These analyses implicate seven individual genes, three gene sets and four copy number variants at exome-wide significance. Genes encoding ion channels show strong association with multiple epilepsy subtypes, including epileptic encephalopathies and generalized and focal epilepsies, whereas most other gene discoveries are subtype specific, highlighting distinct genetic contributions to different epilepsies. Combining results from rare single-nucleotide/short insertion and deletion variants, copy number variants and common variants, we offer an expanded view of the genetic architecture of epilepsy, with growing evidence of convergence among different genetic risk loci on the same genes. Top candidate genes are enriched for roles in synaptic transmission and neuronal excitability, particularly postnatally and in the neocortex. We also identify shared rare variant risk between epilepsy and other neurodevelopmental disorders. Our data can be accessed via an interactive browser, hopefully facilitating diagnostic efforts and accelerating the development of follow-up studies. In this largest whole-exome sequencing study of epilepsies to date, the Epi25 Collaborative identified extremely rare variants that confer risk for diverse epilepsy subtypes, highlighting roles in synaptic transmission and neuronal excitability.","PeriodicalId":19076,"journal":{"name":"Nature neuroscience","volume":"27 10","pages":"1864-1879"},"PeriodicalIF":21.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142368781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Maintaining and updating accurate internal representations of continuous variables with a handful of neurons 用少量神经元维护和更新连续变量的精确内部表征

IF 21.2 1区医学

Nature neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-024-01766-5

Marcella Noorman, Brad K. Hulse, Vivek Jayaraman, Sandro Romani, Ann M. Hermundstad

{"title":"Maintaining and updating accurate internal representations of continuous variables with a handful of neurons","authors":"Marcella Noorman, Brad K. Hulse, Vivek Jayaraman, Sandro Romani, Ann M. Hermundstad","doi":"10.1038/s41593-024-01766-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41593-024-01766-5","url":null,"abstract":"Many animals rely on persistent internal representations of continuous variables for working memory, navigation, and motor control. Existing theories typically assume that large networks of neurons are required to maintain such representations accurately; networks with few neurons are thought to generate discrete representations. However, analysis of two-photon calcium imaging data from tethered flies walking in darkness suggests that their small head-direction system can maintain a surprisingly continuous and accurate representation. We thus ask whether it is possible for a small network to generate a continuous, rather than discrete, representation of such a variable. We show analytically that even very small networks can be tuned to maintain continuous internal representations, but this comes at the cost of sensitivity to noise and variations in tuning. This work expands the computational repertoire of small networks, and raises the possibility that larger networks could represent more and higher-dimensional variables than previously thought. Many animals rely on internal representations of continuous variables such as head direction to guide behavior. Noorman et al. show how such representations can be accurately maintained in small neural networks, countering decades of theoretical intuition.","PeriodicalId":19076,"journal":{"name":"Nature neuroscience","volume":"27 11","pages":"2207-2217"},"PeriodicalIF":21.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41593-024-01766-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142368783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Proinflammatory immune cells disrupt angiogenesis and promote germinal matrix hemorrhage in prenatal human brain 前炎症性免疫细胞破坏血管生成并促进产前人脑胚芽基质出血

IF 21.2 1区医学

Nature neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-09-30 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-024-01769-2

Jiapei Chen, Elizabeth E. Crouch, Miriam E. Zawadzki, Kyle A. Jacobs, Lakyn N. Mayo, Jennifer Ja-Yoon Choi, Pin-Yeh Lin, Saba Shaikh, Jessica Tsui, Susana Gonzalez-Granero, Shamari Waller, Avani Kelekar, Gugene Kang, Edward J. Valenzuela, Janeth Ochoa Birrueta, Loukas N. Diafos, Kaylee Wedderburn-Pugh, Barbara Di Marco, Wenlong Xia, Claudia Z. Han, Nicole G. Coufal, Christopher K. Glass, Stephen P. J. Fancy, Julieta Alfonso, Arnold R. Kriegstein, Michael C. Oldham, Jose Manuel Garcia-Verdugo, Matthew L. Kutys, Maria K. Lehtinen, Alexis J. Combes, Eric J. Huang

{"title":"Proinflammatory immune cells disrupt angiogenesis and promote germinal matrix hemorrhage in prenatal human brain","authors":"Jiapei Chen, Elizabeth E. Crouch, Miriam E. Zawadzki, Kyle A. Jacobs, Lakyn N. Mayo, Jennifer Ja-Yoon Choi, Pin-Yeh Lin, Saba Shaikh, Jessica Tsui, Susana Gonzalez-Granero, Shamari Waller, Avani Kelekar, Gugene Kang, Edward J. Valenzuela, Janeth Ochoa Birrueta, Loukas N. Diafos, Kaylee Wedderburn-Pugh, Barbara Di Marco, Wenlong Xia, Claudia Z. Han, Nicole G. Coufal, Christopher K. Glass, Stephen P. J. Fancy, Julieta Alfonso, Arnold R. Kriegstein, Michael C. Oldham, Jose Manuel Garcia-Verdugo, Matthew L. Kutys, Maria K. Lehtinen, Alexis J. Combes, Eric J. Huang","doi":"10.1038/s41593-024-01769-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41593-024-01769-2","url":null,"abstract":"Germinal matrix hemorrhage (GMH) is a devastating neurodevelopmental condition affecting preterm infants, but why blood vessels in this brain region are vulnerable to rupture remains unknown. Here we show that microglia in prenatal mouse and human brain interact with nascent vasculature in an age-dependent manner and that ablation of these cells in mice reduces angiogenesis in the ganglionic eminences, which correspond to the human germinal matrix. Consistent with these findings, single-cell transcriptomics and flow cytometry show that distinct subsets of CD45+ cells from control preterm infants employ diverse signaling mechanisms to promote vascular network formation. In contrast, CD45+ cells from infants with GMH harbor activated neutrophils and monocytes that produce proinflammatory factors, including azurocidin 1, elastase and CXCL16, to disrupt vascular integrity and cause hemorrhage in ganglionic eminences. These results underscore the brain’s innate immune cells in region-specific angiogenesis and how aberrant activation of these immune cells promotes GMH in preterm infants. Chen et al. show that subtypes of immune cells in prenatal human brain promote angiogenesis in the germinal matrix. Conversely, in preterm infants, proinflammatory immune cells disrupt angiogenesis and promote germinal matrix hemorrhage.","PeriodicalId":19076,"journal":{"name":"Nature neuroscience","volume":"27 11","pages":"2115-2129"},"PeriodicalIF":21.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41593-024-01769-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142329711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Advances and controversies in meningeal biology 脑膜生物学的进展与争议

IF 21.2 1区医学

Nature neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-09-27 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-024-01701-8

Christer Betsholtz, Britta Engelhardt, Gou Young Koh, Donald M. McDonald, Steven T. Proulx, Julie Siegenthaler

{"title":"Advances and controversies in meningeal biology","authors":"Christer Betsholtz, Britta Engelhardt, Gou Young Koh, Donald M. McDonald, Steven T. Proulx, Julie Siegenthaler","doi":"10.1038/s41593-024-01701-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41593-024-01701-8","url":null,"abstract":"The dura, arachnoid and pia mater, as the constituent layers of the meninges, along with cerebrospinal fluid in the subarachnoid space and ventricles, are essential protectors of the brain and spinal cord. Complemented by immune cells, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels and nerves, these connective tissue layers have held many secrets that have only recently begun to be revealed. Each meningeal layer is now known to have molecularly distinct types of fibroblasts. Cerebrospinal fluid clearance through peripheral lymphatics and lymph nodes is well documented, but its routes and flow dynamics are debated. Advances made in meningeal immune functions are also debated. This Review considers the cellular and molecular structure and function of the dura, arachnoid and pia mater in the context of conventional views, recent progress, and what is uncertain or unknown. The hallmarks of meningeal pathophysiology are identified toward developing a more complete understanding of the meninges in health and disease. The authors review current knowledge of the molecular identity and functions of the dura, arachnoid and pial layers of meninges and controversial aspects of meningeal biology that deserve further study to resolve ongoing debates in the field.","PeriodicalId":19076,"journal":{"name":"Nature neuroscience","volume":"27 11","pages":"2056-2072"},"PeriodicalIF":21.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142321970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0