Nature neuroscience最新文献

{"title":"Temporal integration in human auditory cortex is predominantly yoked to absolute time.","authors":"Sam V Norman-Haignere,Menoua Keshishian,Orrin Devinsky,Werner Doyle,Guy M McKhann,Catherine A Schevon,Adeen Flinker,Nima Mesgarani","doi":"10.1038/s41593-025-02060-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41593-025-02060-8","url":null,"abstract":"Sound structures such as phonemes and words have highly variable durations. Therefore, there is a fundamental difference between integrating across absolute time (for example, 100 ms) versus sound structure (for example, phonemes). Auditory and cognitive models have traditionally cast neural integration in terms of time and structure, respectively, but the extent to which cortical computations reflect time or structure remains unknown. Here, to answer this question, we rescaled the duration of all speech structures using time stretching and compression and measured integration windows in the human auditory cortex using a new experimental and computational method applied to spatiotemporally precise intracranial recordings. We observed slightly longer integration windows for stretched speech, but this lengthening was very small (~5%) relative to the change in structure durations, even in non-primary regions strongly implicated in speech-specific processing. These findings demonstrate that time-yoked computations dominate throughout the human auditory cortex, placing important constraints on neurocomputational models of structure processing.","PeriodicalId":19076,"journal":{"name":"Nature neuroscience","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":25.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145083358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid learning of neural circuitry from holographic ensemble stimulation enabled by model-based compressed sensing","authors":"Marcus A. Triplett, Marta Gajowa, Benjamin Antin, Masato Sadahiro, Hillel Adesnik, Liam Paninski","doi":"10.1038/s41593-025-02053-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41593-025-02053-7","url":null,"abstract":"Discovering how computations are implemented in the brain at the level of monosynaptic connectivity requires probing for connections from potentially thousands of presynaptic candidate neurons. Two-photon optogenetics is a promising technology for mapping such connectivity via sequential stimulation of individual neurons while recording postsynaptic responses intracellularly. However, this technique is currently not scalable because stimulating neurons one by one requires prohibitively long experiments. Here we developed novel computational tools that, when combined, enable learning of monosynaptic connectivity from high-speed holographic ensemble stimulation. First, we developed a model-based compressed sensing algorithm that identifies connections from postsynaptic responses evoked by stimulating many neurons at once, greatly increasing mapping efficiency. Second, we developed a deep-learning method that isolates the postsynaptic response to each stimulus, allowing stimulation to rapidly switch between ensembles without waiting for the postsynaptic response to return to baseline. Together, our system increases the throughput of connectivity mapping by an order of magnitude, facilitating discovery of the circuitry underlying neural computations. The authors develop a new computational system for high-throughput mapping of synaptic connectivity using two-photon holographic optogenetics and intracellular recordings.","PeriodicalId":19076,"journal":{"name":"Nature neuroscience","volume":"28 10","pages":"2154-2165"},"PeriodicalIF":20.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41593-025-02053-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145081326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-throughput synaptic connectivity mapping using in vivo two-photon holographic optogenetics and compressive sensing","authors":"I-Wen Chen, Chung Yuen Chan, Phillip Navarro, Vincent de Sars, Emiliano Ronzitti, Karim Oweiss, Dimitrii Tanese, Valentina Emiliani","doi":"10.1038/s41593-025-02024-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41593-025-02024-y","url":null,"abstract":"Characterizing synaptic connectivity in living neural circuits is key to understanding the interplay between network structure and function during behavior. However, the throughput of current in vivo synaptic mapping methods remains very limited. Here, we present a framework for increasing mapping throughput and speed that combines two-photon holographic optogenetic stimulation of presynaptic neurons, whole-cell recordings of postsynaptic responses and compressive sensing reconstruction of sparse connectivity. Under sequential single-cell stimulation, the method enables rapid probing of connectivity across up to 100 potential presynaptic cells within ~5 min in the visual cortex of anesthetized mice, identifying synaptic pairs along with their strength and spatial distribution. Furthermore, in sparsely connected populations, holographic multi-cell stimulation combined with a compressive sensing approach further improved sampling efficiency and recovered most connections found using the sequential approach, with up to a threefold reduction in the number of required measurements. Overall, these results highlight the potential for higher throughput in vivo circuit analysis and deeper insights into brain structure–function relationships. Using two-photon optogenetics, electrical recordings and sparse signal reconstruction, the authors demonstrate in vivo synaptic connectivity mapping in the mouse visual cortex.","PeriodicalId":19076,"journal":{"name":"Nature neuroscience","volume":"28 10","pages":"2141-2153"},"PeriodicalIF":20.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41593-025-02024-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145078224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Author Correction: Spatial transcriptomics reveals the distinct organization of mouse prefrontal cortex and neuronal subtypes regulating chronic pain","authors":"Aritra Bhattacherjee, Chao Zhang, Brianna R. Watson, Mohamed Nadhir Djekidel, Jeffrey R. Moffitt, Yi Zhang","doi":"10.1038/s41593-025-02077-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41593-025-02077-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19076,"journal":{"name":"Nature neuroscience","volume":"28 10","pages":"2167-2167"},"PeriodicalIF":20.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41593-025-02077-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145075773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Augmenting AMPA receptor signaling after spinal cord injury increases ependymal-derived neural stem/progenitor cell migration and promotes functional recovery","authors":"Laureen D. Hachem, Homeira Moradi Chameh, Gustavo Balbinot, Andrea J. Mothe, Alain Pacis, Rui Tong Geng Li, Taufik A. Valiante, Wei Lu, Charles H. Tator, Michael G. Fehlings","doi":"10.1038/s41593-025-02044-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41593-025-02044-8","url":null,"abstract":"Ependymal cells in the adult spinal cord become activated after spinal cord injury (SCI), gaining stem/progenitor cell properties. Although growing evidence has implicated these cells as potential players in the endogenous repair process after injury, their activation to a stem-cell-like state is transient and insufficient for adequate regeneration. Moreover, the drivers of their activation state remain largely unknown. Previous work suggested that AMPA receptors (AMPARs) regulate cultured ependymal-derived neural stem/progenitor cells (epNSPCs). In this study, we identified an AMPAR-dependent mechanism of epNSPC regulation after SCI. Using lineage tracing in adult mice, we demonstrate that conditional knockout of GluA1–GluA3 AMPAR subunits in epNSPCs abolishes glutamate-induced AMPA currents and impairs the acute activation of these cells after SCI. Augmenting AMPAR signaling with the ampakine CX546 alters the transcriptional profile of epNSPCs, maintaining their acute maturation reversal after SCI into the chronic injury period, increasing connexin-43 signaling, promoting their migratory capacity and enhancing ependymal–glial cell contacts, which may contribute to the spatial distribution and migratory pattern of ependymal cells after injury. CX546 treatment ameliorates the subacute decrease in corticospinal tract excitability after SCI and leads to long-term functional improvements. Together, this work identifies a neurotransmitter receptor-dependent mechanism of epNSPC activation after injury, which may be targeted to harness the regenerative potential of the spinal cord. Hachem et al. show that AMPAR signaling drives the acute activation of ependymal-derived neural stem/progenitor cells after spinal cord injury and that this mechanism can be targeted therapeutically to harness the endogenous regenerative potential of the spinal cord.","PeriodicalId":19076,"journal":{"name":"Nature neuroscience","volume":"28 10","pages":"2054-2066"},"PeriodicalIF":20.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145059296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Globally accessible platforms for the exchange of research findings and career development","authors":"Anna Salamero-Boix, Eugenio Contreras Castillo, Chih-Chung Jerry Lin, Kuan-Lin Huang","doi":"10.1038/s41593-025-02063-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41593-025-02063-5","url":null,"abstract":"Researchers’ access to scientific research findings remains inequitable owing to financial and geographical barriers, highlighting the need for more sustainable and inclusive modes of communication to complement existing journals and conferences. Free, online webinar platforms offer a powerful way to democratize scientific knowledge and support career development globally. Drawing from our experience building Open Box Science — a not-for-profit grassroots organization that has hosted over 250 webinars for audiences from more than 70 countries — and examining other successful initiatives, we share practical insights on how to build thriving communities for scientific exchange and call for the continuous support of such platforms. We also highlight how early-career scientists can leverage such platforms to expand their network and enrich their perspectives.","PeriodicalId":19076,"journal":{"name":"Nature neuroscience","volume":"28 10","pages":"2005-2007"},"PeriodicalIF":20.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145059289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recurrent pattern completion drives the neocortical representation of sensory inference","authors":"Hyeyoung Shin, Mora B. Ogando, Lamiae Abdeladim, Uday K. Jagadisan, Severine Durand, Ben Hardcastle, Hannah Belski, Hannah Cabasco, Henry Loefler, Ahad Bawany, Josh Wilkes, Katrina Nguyen, Lucas Suarez, Tye Johnson, Warren Han, Ben Ouellette, Conor Grasso, Jackie Swapp, Vivian Ha, Ahrial Young, Shiella Caldejon, Ali Williford, Peter A. Groblewski, Shawn Olsen, Carly Kiselycznyk, Jerome Lecoq, Hillel Adesnik","doi":"10.1038/s41593-025-02055-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41593-025-02055-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>When sensory information is incomplete, the brain relies on prior expectations to infer perceptual objects. Despite the centrality of this process to perception, the neural mechanisms of sensory inference are not understood. Here we used illusory contours (ICs), multi-Neuropixels measurements, mesoscale two-photon (2p) calcium imaging and 2p holographic optogenetics in mice to reveal the neural codes and circuits of sensory inference. We discovered a specialized subset of neurons in primary visual cortex (V1) that respond emergently to illusory bars but not to component image segments. Selective holographic photoactivation of these ‘IC-encoders’ recreated the visual representation of ICs in V1 in the absence of any visual stimulus. These data imply that neurons that encode sensory inference are specialized for receiving and locally broadcasting top-down information. More generally, pattern completion circuits in lower cortical areas may selectively reinforce activity patterns that match prior expectations, constituting an integral step in perceptual inference.</p>","PeriodicalId":19076,"journal":{"name":"Nature neuroscience","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":25.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145059290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Grid cells accurately track movement during path integration-based navigation despite switching reference frames","authors":"Jing-Jie Peng,&nbsp;Beate Throm,&nbsp;Maryam Najafian Jazi,&nbsp;Ting-Yun Yen,&nbsp;Rocco Pizzarelli,&nbsp;Hannah Monyer,&nbsp;Kevin Allen","doi":"10.1038/s41593-025-02054-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41593-025-02054-6","url":null,"abstract":"Grid cells, with their periodic firing fields, are fundamental units in neural networks that perform path integration. It is widely assumed that grid cells encode movement in a single, global reference frame. In this study, by recording grid cell activity in mice performing a self-motion-based navigation task, we discovered that grid cells did not have a stable grid pattern during the task. Instead, grid cells track the animal movement in multiple reference frames within single trials. Specifically, grid cells reanchor to a task-relevant object through a translation of the grid pattern. Additionally, the internal representation of movement direction in grid cells drifted during self-motion navigation, and this drift predicted the mouse’s homing direction. Our findings reveal that grid cells do not operate as a global positioning system but rather estimate position within multiple local reference frames. Grid cells do not maintain a stable pattern during a self-motion-based task, but track animal movement in multiple local reference frames and reanchor to task-relevant objects, thus estimating local rather than global position.","PeriodicalId":19076,"journal":{"name":"Nature neuroscience","volume":"28 10","pages":"2092-2105"},"PeriodicalIF":20.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41593-025-02054-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145025464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lithium limiting AD pathology","authors":"Laura Zelenka","doi":"10.1038/s41593-025-02059-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41593-025-02059-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19076,"journal":{"name":"Nature neuroscience","volume":"28 9","pages":"1813-1813"},"PeriodicalIF":20.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145002843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A very handy neural interface","authors":"William P. Olson","doi":"10.1038/s41593-025-02057-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41593-025-02057-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19076,"journal":{"name":"Nature neuroscience","volume":"28 9","pages":"1813-1813"},"PeriodicalIF":20.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145002841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}