Mycology最新文献

{"title":"Occurrence and toxigenic potential of <i>Aspergillus</i> section <i>Flavi</i> on wheat and sorghum silages in Uruguay.","authors":"Agustina Del Palacio,&nbsp;Dinorah Pan","doi":"10.1080/21501203.2020.1752321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21501203.2020.1752321","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Species belonging to <i>Aspergillus</i> section <i>Flavi</i> occur naturally in crops and can cause food spoilage and/or toxin production. The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence and diversity of the species of <i>Aspergillus</i> section <i>Flavi</i> found in wheat and sorghum at harvest time and during silage storage, and to evaluate the toxigenic potential of the isolates to determine the contamination risk of mycotoxins in grains. Strains from <i>Aspergillus flavus</i> and <i>Aspergillus parasiticus</i> were found based on multi-gene phylogenetic analyses. This is the first report on the presence of <i>A. parasiticus</i> in wheat from Uruguay. Of the 80 isolates <i>Aspergillus</i> section <i>Flavi</i>, 30% produced aflatoxins (AFs), mainly type B1, and 25% produced cyclopiazonic acid (CPA). Within the isolates from wheat samples, 35% were AFs producers and 27.5% were CPA producers. Among the <i>Aspergillus</i> section <i>Flavi</i> isolates from sorghum, 25% were AFs producers while 22.5% were CPA producers. This work contributes to the knowledge of the species in crops and helps define appropriate strategies for the prevention and control of contamination with AFs and CPA by <i>Aspergillus</i> section <i>Flavi</i> fungi.</p>","PeriodicalId":18833,"journal":{"name":"Mycology","volume":"11 2","pages":"147-157"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2020-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21501203.2020.1752321","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38374044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three-dimensional cellular aggregates formed by <i>Beauveria pseudobassiana</i> in liquid culture with potential for use as a biocontrol agent of the African black beetle (<i>Heteronychus arator</i>).","authors":"Laura F Villamizar, Gloria Barrera, Sean D G Marshall, Marina Richena, Duane Harland, Trevor A Jackson","doi":"10.1080/21501203.2020.1754953","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21501203.2020.1754953","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Beauveria pseudobassiana</i> formed three-dimensional aggregates of cells (CAs) in liquid culture. CAs were formed mainly by blastospores and conidia, distinct from microsclerotia formed through adhesion of hyphae. The formation, germination and sporulation of CAs were studied, as well as the pathogenicity of conidia produced from them against adults of black beetle. After 4 days of culture, CAs were formed, becoming compact and melanised after 10 days of incubation. Electron microscopy showed three-dimensional CAs averaging 431.65 µm in length with irregular shapes and rough surfaces, where cells were trapped within an extracellular matrix. CAs germinated after 2 days of incubation on agar-plates producing hyphae and forming phialides and conidia after 4 days. Produced conidia caused 45% mortality of black beetle adults. CAs germination and sporulation on soil were directly correlated with soil moisture, reaching 80% and 100% germination on the surface of soil with 17% and 30% moisture, respectively. CAs maintained 100% germination after 2 years of storage under refrigeration. These CAs could have a similar function as microsclerotia in nature, acting as resistant structures able to protect internal cells and their ability to sporulate producing infective conidia, suggesting their potential to be used as bioinsecticides to control soil-dwelling insects.</p>","PeriodicalId":18833,"journal":{"name":"Mycology","volume":"12 2","pages":"105-118"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2020-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8128166/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39009589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biological activities and variation of symbiotic fungi isolated from Coral reefs collected from Red Sea in Egypt.","authors":"Tahany M A Abd El-Rahman,&nbsp;Nagwa A Tharwat,&nbsp;Sayed M S Abo El-Souad,&nbsp;Ahmed A El-Beih,&nbsp;Ahmed I El-Diwany","doi":"10.1080/21501203.2020.1741470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21501203.2020.1741470","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ten specimens of coral reefs were collected from the Red Sea in the Ein El-Sukhna region. Fungal isolation was done using two media, Dextrose Yeast Extract Agar (DYA) and Rose Bengal Agar (RBA). The morphological traits identified 18 fungal isolates belonging to the phyla Ascomycota, Mucoromycota and Deuteromycota. Five genera in three orders have been isolated: Eutrotiales (&lt;i&gt;Aspergillus, Penicillium&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Byssochlamys&lt;/i&gt;), Mucorales (&lt;i&gt;Rhizopus&lt;/i&gt;) and Moniliales (&lt;i&gt;Curvularia&lt;/i&gt;). The heat mapping clustering of the isolated fungi declared that &lt;i&gt;Aspergillus&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Penicillium&lt;/i&gt; were the most frequently isolate fungi in coral reefs. It was found that &lt;i&gt;A. fumigatus&lt;/i&gt; colonised eight coral samples with 80% colonisation rate. Moreover, about 50% of the isolated fungal species were specific to one coral reef only such as &lt;i&gt;A.candidus&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;A.carneus&lt;/i&gt; isolated from &lt;i&gt;Isophyllastrea rigida&lt;/i&gt; only, &lt;i&gt;A.japonicus&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;A.ochraceopetaliformis&lt;/i&gt; from &lt;i&gt;Glaxaea fascicularis, A.niger van Tieghem&lt;/i&gt; from &lt;i&gt;Porites astreoides, A.sydowii, A.terreus&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;P.waksmanii&lt;/i&gt; from &lt;i&gt;Cladocora arbuscula, P.janthinellum&lt;/i&gt; from &lt;i&gt;Pterogorgia guadalupensis&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Curvularia tuberculata, Byssochlamys spectabilis&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Rhizopus oryzae&lt;/i&gt; from &lt;i&gt;Acropora humilis&lt;/i&gt;. Biological activities (antimicrobial, antioxidant antiradical and cytotoxicity) of the most predominant fungal species were investigated. The antimicrobial activity of coral fungal filtrates were investigated against six pathogenic bacteria including &lt;i&gt;Escherichia coli&lt;/i&gt; ATCC11775, &lt;i&gt;Neisseria gonorrhoeae&lt;/i&gt; ATCC19424, &lt;i&gt;Pseudomonas aeruginosa&lt;/i&gt; ATCC10145, &lt;i&gt;Streptococcus faecalis&lt;/i&gt; ATCC19433, &lt;i&gt;Staphylococcus aureus&lt;/i&gt; subsp. &lt;i&gt;aureus&lt;/i&gt; ATCC25923, &lt;i&gt;Bacillus subtilis&lt;/i&gt; subsp. &lt;i&gt;spizizenii&lt;/i&gt; ATCC6633 and two pathogenic yeast including &lt;i&gt;Candida albicans&lt;/i&gt; ATCC7102 and &lt;i&gt;Candida parapsilosis&lt;/i&gt; ATCC22019. Most of these fungal filtrates exhibited moderate to high antibacterial activities against both gram positive and gram negative bacteria, however it showed relatively low bioactivity towards the pathogenic &lt;i&gt;Candida&lt;/i&gt; species. Investigating the free radical scavenging activity using DPPH reagent showed low to moderate bioactivities. The highest cytotoxic activity against liver cancer cell line Hep-G2 with an IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; values of 18.8 µg/ml was exhibited by &lt;i&gt;Aspergillus ochraceopetaliformis&lt;/i&gt; MN083316 and a metabolomics study was done on the ethyl acetate extract of this strain using LC-ESI-MS fingerprints leading to the isolation and purification of compound &lt;b&gt;1&lt;/b&gt;. Using 1D and 2D NMR techniques compound &lt;b&gt;1&lt;/b&gt; was identified as ditryptophenaline. Compound &lt;b&gt;1&lt;/b&gt; exhibited a strong antimicrobial, antioxidant activities as well as cytotoxic activities against MCF-7 and HEPG2 with IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; values of 5.8 and 7.6 mmole, respectively. The objective of this study, isolation of Coral-reef assoc","PeriodicalId":18833,"journal":{"name":"Mycology","volume":"11 3","pages":"243-255"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21501203.2020.1741470","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38493520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification and lipolytic activity of yeasts isolated from foods and wastes.","authors":"Nattakorn Kuncharoen,&nbsp;Sujitra Techo,&nbsp;Ancharida Savarajara,&nbsp;Somboon Tanasupawat","doi":"10.1080/21501203.2020.1745922","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21501203.2020.1745922","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Thirty-three yeasts were isolated from palm oil industrial wastes and traditional fermented foods in Thailand. Based on the analysis of the sequences of the D1/D2 region of the large subunit ribosomal RNA gene (LSU rDNA) and their phenotypic characteristics, they were identified as <i>Pichia kudriavzevii</i> (11 isolates), <i>Candida ethanolica</i> (1 isolate), <i>Clavispora lusitaniae</i> (2 isolates), <i>Ogataea polymorpha</i> (1 isolate), <i>Hanseniaspora opuntiae</i> (1 isolate), <i>Lodderomyces elongisporus</i> (1 isolate), <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (2 isolates), <i>C. tropicalis</i> (5 isolates), <i>Yarrowia lipolytica</i> (2 isolates), <i>Magnusiomyces ingens</i> (1 isolate), and <i>Magnusiomyces capitatus</i> (3 isolates), <i>Trichosporon insectorum</i> (1 isolate), and <i>Trichosporon asteroides</i> (2 isolates). Seven strains, <i>T. insectorum</i> 4E-1D, <i>M. capitatus</i> 5E-1T and 5E-2D, <i>T. asteroides</i> 8E-1T and 8E-1D, and <i>Y. lipolytica</i> Fy-12 and Fy-13, showed high lipolytic activity ranged from 5.21 ± 0.09 to 45.68 ± 2.37 U/mL. Moreover, these seven strains exhibited good lipolytic activity after culturing in the medium containing palm oil (11.79 ± 0.67 to 28.19 ± 4.84 U/mL) and soy oil (9.14 ± 1.08 to 22.97 ± 0.69 U/mL) as lipase inducers. The result of this study suggests that the palm oil industrial wastes and Thai fermented foods could be promised as the invaluable sources of lipolytic yeasts.</p>","PeriodicalId":18833,"journal":{"name":"Mycology","volume":"11 4","pages":"279-286"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2020-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21501203.2020.1745922","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38719696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current views on endocytosis in filamentous fungi.","authors":"Blake Commer,&nbsp;Brian D Shaw","doi":"10.1080/21501203.2020.1741471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21501203.2020.1741471","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Filamentous fungi grow by adding cell wall and membrane exclusively at the apex of tubular structures called hyphae. Growth was previously believed to occur only through exocytosis at the Spitzenkörper, an organised body of secretory macro- and microvesicles found only in growing hyphae. More recent work has indicated that an area deemed the sub-apical collar is enriched for endocytosis and is also required for hyphal growth. It is now generally believed that polarity of filamentous fungi is achieved through the balancing of the processes of endocytosis and exocytosis at these two areas. This review is an update on the current progress and understanding surrounding the occurrence of endocytosis and its spatial regulation as they pertain to growth and pathogenicity in filamentous fungi.</p>","PeriodicalId":18833,"journal":{"name":"Mycology","volume":"12 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2020-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21501203.2020.1741471","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25401486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Ganoderma lucidum</i> culture supplement ameliorates dyslipidemia and reduces visceral fat accumulation in type 2 diabetic rats.","authors":"Chung-Hsiung Huang,&nbsp;Wei-Kang Lin,&nbsp;Shun-Hsien Chang,&nbsp;Guo-Jane Tsai","doi":"10.1080/21501203.2020.1740409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21501203.2020.1740409","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diabetic rats were daily fed with a high-cholesterol diet containing 1% or 3% freeze-dried whole submerged <i>G. lucidum</i> culture or its mycelia for 5 weeks. Body weight, adipose tissue weight and plasma triglyceride levels were reduced, while high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels were elevated in rats fed with <i>G. lucidum</i> powder supplement diets. Notably, <i>G. lucidum</i> supplements downregulated the activities of hepatic acetyl-CoA carboxylase, fatty acid synthase and lipoprotein lipase, but upregulated the activity of hormone-sensitive lipase in the perirenal adipose tissues. Moreover, <i>G. lucidum</i> supplements increased the faecal triglyceride excretion. Therefore, daily supplementation of submerged <i>G. lucidum</i> culture, especially mycelia, can ameliorate dyslipidemia and reduce visceral fat accumulation in diabetic rats fed with a high-fat diet, which is closely related to the modulation of lipid synthesis, metabolism, and excretion.</p>","PeriodicalId":18833,"journal":{"name":"Mycology","volume":"12 2","pages":"94-104"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2020-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21501203.2020.1740409","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39009588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Marine fungi of the Baltic Sea.","authors":"Sanja Tibell,&nbsp;Leif Tibell,&nbsp;Ka-Lai Pang,&nbsp;Mark Calabon,&nbsp;E B Gareth Jones","doi":"10.1080/21501203.2020.1729886","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21501203.2020.1729886","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vast parts of the Baltic Sea have been mycologically neglected and are still awaiting exploration. Here we summarise earlier records of marine fungi from the Baltic, supplementing them with discoveries from fieldwork in Sweden in 2019. Although marine fungal diversity is clearly attenuated in the brackish water of the Baltic Sea, a substantial number has still been discovered. Here we list 77 species from the Baltic Sea, whereas after a critical assessment a further 18 species have been excluded as records of marine fungi. The species have mainly been identified by their morphological features, supplemented by DNA-based diagnostics. Most of the species have their main distributions in temperate areas of the Atlantic Ocean. Some of the Baltic species discovered here represent far disjunctions to tropical waters while only a very few are until now only recorded for the Baltic Sea. In this paper two species belong in Basidiomycota, while the most ascomyceteous speciose classes are Sordariomycetes (with 42 species) and Dothideomycetes (24). Halosphaeriaceae is the most speciose family in marine habitats, as also in the Baltic Sea, represented here by 29 species. Three species are new to Europe, and in addition 13 to the Baltic Sea and 13 to Sweden.</p>","PeriodicalId":18833,"journal":{"name":"Mycology","volume":"11 3","pages":"195-213"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2020-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21501203.2020.1729886","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38589642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the hypoglycaemic and antioxidant effects of submerged <i>Ganoderma lucidum</i> cultures in type 2 diabetic rats.","authors":"Chung-Hsiung Huang,&nbsp;Wei-Kang Lin,&nbsp;Shun-Hsien Chang,&nbsp;Guo-Jane Tsai","doi":"10.1080/21501203.2020.1733119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21501203.2020.1733119","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We aim to investigate the hypoglycaemic and antioxidant effects of submerged <i>Ganoderma lucidum</i> cultures and elucidate the potential mechanisms behind these effects using a type 2 diabetic rat model. Diabetic rats were daily fed with a high-fat diet supplemented with 1% or 3% freeze-dried whole submerged cultures of <i>G. lucidum</i> or mycelia for 5 weeks. We observed significantly decreased fasting plasma glucose levels, homoeostasis model assessment equation-insulin resistance, and plasma glucose in oral glucose tolerance test. Furthermore, we observed increased levels of glycogen, hepatic hexokinase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and intestinal disaccharidase activities. <i>G. lucidum</i> supplement downregulated the plasma levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, creatinine, and urea nitrogen as well as liver and kidney levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances. Based on the hypoglycaemic and antioxidant effects of <i>G. lucidum</i> submerged cultures, we recommend the potential application of these products as functional foods or additives for controlling type 2 diabetes. <b>Abbreviations</b> ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; BUN: Blood urea nitrogen; BW: Body weight; CREA: Creatinine; FPG: Fasting plasma glucose; G6Pase: Glucose-6-phosphatase; G6PD: Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase; HOMA-IR: Homoeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; OGTT: Oral glucose tolerance test; PTP: Protein tyrosine phosphatase; STZ: Streptozotocin; TBARS: Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances.</p>","PeriodicalId":18833,"journal":{"name":"Mycology","volume":"12 2","pages":"82-93"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21501203.2020.1733119","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39009587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occurrence and analysis of mycotoxins in domestic Chinese herbal medicines.","authors":"Lu Qin, Jia-Yi Jiang, Lei Zhang, Xiao-Wen Dou, Zhen Ouyang, Li Wan, Mei-Hua Yang","doi":"10.1080/21501203.2020.1727578","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21501203.2020.1727578","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>For time immemorial, Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs) have been widely used in China for disease treatment and promotion of general well-being. However, in recent years, many studies have shown that mycotoxins produced by fungi could contaminate CHMs due to unfavourable pre- or post-harvest conditions, raising major concern for consumer safety. At present, there is a significant focus on developing novel mycotoxin detection methods for analysing CHMs, and numerous studies have aimed to determine which kinds of raw herbal materials are most susceptible to mycotoxin contamination. In this review, we focus on recent advances in understanding and detection of mycotoxins in domestic raw herbal materials and related products from 2000 to 2018. Aspects of mycotoxin contamination of CHMs covered in this review include common mycotoxin contaminants in CHMs, maximum mycotoxin residue limits, analytical methods for mycotoxin detection and their applications and limitations, as well as a brief discussion of the trends in ongoing research.</p>","PeriodicalId":18833,"journal":{"name":"Mycology","volume":"11 2","pages":"126-146"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2020-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21501203.2020.1727578","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38374042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Copper induces transcription of <i>BcLCC2</i> laccase gene in phytopathogenic fungus, <i>Botrytis cinerea</i>.","authors":"U V A Buddhika,&nbsp;S Savocchia,&nbsp;C C Steel","doi":"10.1080/21501203.2020.1725677","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21501203.2020.1725677","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Laccases are one of many groups of inducible enzymes produced by the filamentous fungus, <i>Botrytis cinerea</i> during colonisation of host plant tissues. While the processes involved in laccase induction are not fully understood, Cupric ions (e.g. CuSO₄) and gallic acid (GA) have been reported as laccase inducers. This study investigates laccases activities and the expression of three laccase genes (<i>BcLCC1, BcLCC2, BcLCC3</i>) in three <i>B. cinerea</i> isolates grown in laccase-inducing medium (LIM) supplemented with CuSO₄ and GA. Laccase activity in culture filtrates with CuSO₄ increased after 48 h of growth in LIM at 24°C. The induction of <i>BcLCC2</i> transcription was greatest at a concentration of 0.6 mM CuSO₄, concentrations greater than 0.6 mM inhibited fungal growth. In contrast, no laccase induction was observed in the presence of GA. Liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy (NanoLC ESI MS/MS) analysis confirmed the presence of a 63.4 kDa protein, the <i>BcLCC2</i> isoform in the culture filtrate with 0.6 mM CuSO₄. Analysis of mRNA transcripts further showed <i>BcLCC3</i> was also inducible and the expression of <i>BcLCC2</i> and <i>BcLCC3</i> was isolate-dependent. In conclusion, CuSO₄ induces a 63.4 kDa laccase in <i>B. cinerea</i> by induced transcription of the <i>BcLCC2</i> gene.</p>","PeriodicalId":18833,"journal":{"name":"Mycology","volume":"12 1","pages":"48-57"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2020-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21501203.2020.1725677","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25402478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}