Nature Reviews Gastroenterology &Hepatology最新文献_第8页

Screening for liver fibrosis: lessons from colorectal and lung cancer screening 肝纤维化筛查：从结直肠癌和肺癌筛查中汲取经验。

IF 45.9 1区医学

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology &Hepatology Pub Date : 2024-03-13 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-024-00907-2

Maja Thiele, Patrick S. Kamath, Isabel Graupera, Antoni Castells, Harry J. de Koning, Miquel Serra-Burriel, Frank Lammert, Pere Ginès

{"title":"Screening for liver fibrosis: lessons from colorectal and lung cancer screening","authors":"Maja Thiele, Patrick S. Kamath, Isabel Graupera, Antoni Castells, Harry J. de Koning, Miquel Serra-Burriel, Frank Lammert, Pere Ginès","doi":"10.1038/s41575-024-00907-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41575-024-00907-2","url":null,"abstract":"Many countries have incorporated population screening programmes for cancer, such as colorectal and lung cancer, into their health-care systems. Cirrhosis is more prevalent than colorectal cancer and has a comparable age-standardized mortality rate to lung cancer. Despite this fact, there are no screening programmes in place for early detection of liver fibrosis, the precursor of cirrhosis. In this Perspective, we use insights from colorectal and lung cancer screening to explore the benefits, challenges, implementation strategies and pathways for future liver fibrosis screening initiatives. Several non-invasive methods and referral pathways for early identification of liver fibrosis exist, but in addition to accurate detection, screening programmes must also be cost-effective and demonstrate benefit through a reduction in liver-related mortality. Randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm this. Future randomized screening trials should evaluate not only the screening tests, but also interventions used to halt disease progression in individuals identified through screening. In this Perspective, Ginès and colleagues discuss liver fibrosis screening programmes using insights from colorectal and lung cancer screening.","PeriodicalId":18793,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Gastroenterology &Hepatology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":45.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140120113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

ECCO’24 ECCO'24

IF 65.1 1区医学

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology &Hepatology Pub Date : 2024-03-13 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-024-00917-0

Katrina Ray

引用次数: 0

Group 3 innate lymphoid cells in intestinal health and disease 肠道健康和疾病中的第 3 组先天性淋巴细胞。

IF 65.1 1区医学

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology &Hepatology Pub Date : 2024-03-11 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-024-00906-3

Veronika Horn, Gregory F. Sonnenberg

{"title":"Group 3 innate lymphoid cells in intestinal health and disease","authors":"Veronika Horn, Gregory F. Sonnenberg","doi":"10.1038/s41575-024-00906-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41575-024-00906-3","url":null,"abstract":"The gastrointestinal tract is an immunologically rich organ, containing complex cell networks and dense lymphoid structures that safeguard this large absorptive barrier from pathogens, contribute to tissue physiology and support mucosal healing. Simultaneously, the immune system must remain tolerant to innocuous dietary antigens and trillions of normally beneficial microorganisms colonizing the intestine. Indeed, a dysfunctional immune response in the intestine underlies the pathogenesis of numerous local and systemic diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease, food allergy, chronic enteric infections or cancers. Here, we discuss group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s), which have emerged as orchestrators of tissue physiology, immunity, inflammation, tolerance and malignancy in the gastrointestinal tract. ILC3s are abundant in the developing and healthy intestine but their numbers or function are altered during chronic disease and cancer. The latest studies provide new insights into the mechanisms by which ILC3s fundamentally shape intestinal homeostasis or disease pathophysiology, and often this functional dichotomy depends on context and complex interactions with other cell types or microorganisms. Finally, we consider how this knowledge could be harnessed to improve current treatments or provoke new opportunities for therapeutic intervention to promote gut health. Here, an overview of group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) is provided in gastrointestinal health and disease, highlighting their role in tissue physiology, immunity, inflammation and cancer. The biology and physiological function of ILC3s are described across different states and diseases along with a discussion on opportunities for therapeutic targeting.","PeriodicalId":18793,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Gastroenterology &Hepatology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":65.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140102032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

2023 FDA approvals in gastroenterology and hepatology 2023 年获得美国食品和药物管理局胃肠病学和肝病学方面的批准。

IF 65.1 1区医学

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology &Hepatology Pub Date : 2024-03-07 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-024-00916-1

Eleni Kotsiliti

引用次数: 0

Ultra-processed foods and food additives in gut health and disease 超加工食品和食品添加剂与肠道健康和疾病的关系。

IF 65.1 1区医学

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology &Hepatology Pub Date : 2024-02-22 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-024-00893-5

Kevin Whelan, Aaron S. Bancil, James O. Lindsay, Benoit Chassaing

{"title":"Ultra-processed foods and food additives in gut health and disease","authors":"Kevin Whelan, Aaron S. Bancil, James O. Lindsay, Benoit Chassaing","doi":"10.1038/s41575-024-00893-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41575-024-00893-5","url":null,"abstract":"Ultra-processed foods (UPFs) and food additives have become ubiquitous components of the modern human diet. There is increasing evidence of an association between diets rich in UPFs and gut disease, including inflammatory bowel disease, colorectal cancer and irritable bowel syndrome. Food additives are added to many UPFs and have themselves been shown to affect gut health. For example, evidence shows that some emulsifiers, sweeteners, colours, and microparticles and nanoparticles have effects on a range of outcomes, including the gut microbiome, intestinal permeability and intestinal inflammation. Broadly speaking, evidence for the effect of UPFs on gut disease comes from observational epidemiological studies, whereas, by contrast, evidence for the effect of food additives comes largely from preclinical studies conducted in vitro or in animal models. Fewer studies have investigated the effect of UPFs or food additives on gut health and disease in human intervention studies. Hence, the aim of this article is to critically review the evidence for the effects of UPF and food additives on gut health and disease and to discuss the clinical application of these findings. In this Review, Whelan and colleagues summarize and discuss evidence for the effects of ultra-processed foods and food additives on gut health and diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease, colorectal cancer and irritable bowel syndrome.","PeriodicalId":18793,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Gastroenterology &Hepatology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":65.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139931997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Another renaissance for bile acid gastrointestinal microbiology 胆汁酸胃肠道微生物学的又一次复兴。

IF 65.1 1区医学

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology &Hepatology Pub Date : 2024-02-21 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-024-00896-2

Jason M. Ridlon, H. Rex Gaskins

{"title":"Another renaissance for bile acid gastrointestinal microbiology","authors":"Jason M. Ridlon, H. Rex Gaskins","doi":"10.1038/s41575-024-00896-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41575-024-00896-2","url":null,"abstract":"The field of bile acid microbiology in the gastrointestinal tract is going through a current rebirth after a peak of activity in the late 1970s and early 1980s. This renewed activity is a result of many factors, including the discovery near the turn of the century that bile acids are potent signalling molecules and technological advances in next-generation sequencing, computation, culturomics, gnotobiology, and metabolomics. We describe the current state of the field with particular emphasis on questions that have remained unanswered for many decades in both bile acid synthesis by the host and metabolism by the gut microbiota. Current knowledge of established enzymatic pathways, including bile salt hydrolase, hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases involved in the oxidation and epimerization of bile acid hydroxy groups, the Hylemon–Bjӧrkhem pathway of bile acid C7-dehydroxylation, and the formation of secondary allo-bile acids, is described. We cover aspects of bile acid conjugation and esterification as well as evidence for bile acid C3-dehydroxylation and C12-dehydroxylation that are less well understood but potentially critical for our understanding of bile acid metabolism in the human gut. The physiological consequences of bile acid metabolism for human health, important caveats and cautionary notes on experimental design and interpretation of data reflecting bile acid metabolism are also explored. This Review discusses the role of the gut microbiome in the conversion of primary to secondary bile acids and critically evaluates biochemical pathways that are less well understood. Insights into how secondary bile acid derivatives influence host immune function are also described.","PeriodicalId":18793,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Gastroenterology &Hepatology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":65.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139931996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Author Correction: A new era in obesity management 作者更正：肥胖管理的新时代。

IF 65.1 1区医学

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology &Hepatology Pub Date : 2024-02-16 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-024-00908-1

Fatima Cody Stanford

引用次数: 0

Resmetirom proves positive for NASH with liver fibrosis Resmetirom 对伴有肝纤维化的 NASH 呈阳性反应。

IF 65.1 1区医学

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology &Hepatology Pub Date : 2024-02-15 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-024-00909-0

Katrina Ray

引用次数: 0

Live bacterial therapeutics for detection and treatment of colorectal cancer 用于检测和治疗结直肠癌的活细菌疗法

IF 65.1 1区医学

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology &Hepatology Pub Date : 2024-02-14 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-024-00901-8

Joanna Zhang, Jeff Hasty, Amir Zarrinpar

引用次数: 0

GLP1 agonists and risk of major adverse liver outcomes GLP1 促效剂与肝脏重大不良后果的风险

IF 65.1 1区医学

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology &Hepatology Pub Date : 2024-02-14 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-024-00911-6

Katrina Ray

引用次数: 0