Nature Reviews Gastroenterology &Hepatology最新文献_第10页

Hepatic glucose metabolism in the steatotic liver 脂肪肝中的肝糖代谢

IF 65.1 1区医学

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology &Hepatology Pub Date : 2024-02-02 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-023-00888-8

Egeria Scoditti, Silvia Sabatini, Fabrizia Carli, Amalia Gastaldelli

{"title":"Hepatic glucose metabolism in the steatotic liver","authors":"Egeria Scoditti, Silvia Sabatini, Fabrizia Carli, Amalia Gastaldelli","doi":"10.1038/s41575-023-00888-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41575-023-00888-8","url":null,"abstract":"The liver is central in regulating glucose homeostasis, being the major contributor to endogenous glucose production and the greatest reserve of glucose as glycogen. It is both a target and regulator of the action of glucoregulatory hormones. Hepatic metabolic functions are altered in and contribute to the highly prevalent steatotic liver disease (SLD), including metabolic dysfunction-associated SLD (MASLD) and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH). In this Review, we describe the dysregulation of hepatic glucose metabolism in MASLD and MASH and associated metabolic comorbidities, and how advances in techniques and models for the assessment of hepatic glucose fluxes in vivo have led to the identification of the mechanisms related to the alterations in glucose metabolism in MASLD and comorbidities. These fluxes can ultimately increase hepatic glucose production concomitantly with fat accumulation and alterations in the secretion and action of glucoregulatory hormones. No pharmacological treatment has yet been approved for MASLD or MASH, but some antihyperglycaemic drugs approved for treating type 2 diabetes have shown positive effects on hepatic glucose metabolism and hepatosteatosis. A deep understanding of how MASLD affects glucose metabolic fluxes and glucoregulatory hormones might assist in the early identification of at-risk individuals and the use or development of targeted therapies. Hepatic metabolic functions are altered in metabolic diseases. This Review provides a comprehensive overview of glucose metabolism in steatotic liver disease (SLD) and obesity, describes new techniques for hepatic glucose flux assessment and discusses how SLD treatments affect glucose metabolism.","PeriodicalId":18793,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Gastroenterology &Hepatology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":65.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139661026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Intestinal mitochondria and dietary lipids 肠道线粒体和膳食脂质

IF 65.1 1区医学

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology &Hepatology Pub Date : 2024-01-30 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-024-00899-z

Eleni Kotsiliti

引用次数: 0

A role for the gut microbiota in immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced colitis 肠道微生物群在免疫检查点抑制剂诱发的结肠炎中的作用

IF 65.1 1区医学

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology &Hepatology Pub Date : 2024-01-23 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-024-00897-1

Katrina Ray

引用次数: 0

RNA modification-mediated mRNA translation regulation in liver cancer: mechanisms and clinical perspectives 肝癌中 RNA 修饰介导的 mRNA 翻译调控：机制与临床视角

IF 65.1 1区医学

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology &Hepatology Pub Date : 2024-01-19 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-023-00884-y

Shuibin Lin, Ming Kuang

{"title":"RNA modification-mediated mRNA translation regulation in liver cancer: mechanisms and clinical perspectives","authors":"Shuibin Lin, Ming Kuang","doi":"10.1038/s41575-023-00884-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41575-023-00884-y","url":null,"abstract":"Malignant liver cancer is characterized by rapid tumour progression and a high mortality rate, whereas the molecular mechanisms underlying liver cancer initiation and progression are still poorly understood. The dynamic and reversible RNA modifications have crucial functions in gene expression regulation by modulating RNA processing and mRNA translation. Emerging evidence has revealed that alterations in RNA modifications facilitate the selective translation of oncogenic transcripts and promote the diverse tumorigenic processes of liver cancer. In this Review, we first highlight the current progress on the functions and mechanisms underlying RNA modifications in the regulation of mRNA translation and then summarize the exciting discoveries on aberrant RNA modification-mediated mRNA translation in the regulation of tumour initiation, metastasis, metabolism, tumour microenvironment, and drug and radiotherapy resistance in liver cancer. Finally, we discuss the diagnostic and therapeutic potentials of targeting RNA modifications and mRNA translation for the clinical management of liver cancer. RNA modifications are crucial in regulating mRNA translation. This Review provides a comprehensive overview of the molecular mechanisms underlying RNA modifications in mRNA translation regulation, and discusses the diagnostic and therapeutic potentials of targeting RNA modifications for liver cancer management.","PeriodicalId":18793,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Gastroenterology &Hepatology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":65.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139494760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of expectation of gluten intake on non-coeliac gluten sensitivity 预期麸质摄入量对非乳糜泻麸质敏感性的影响

IF 65.1 1区医学

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology &Hepatology Pub Date : 2024-01-15 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-024-00894-4

Jordan Hindson

引用次数: 0

Contrasting aspects of human excreta 人类排泄物的不同方面。

IF 65.1 1区医学

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology &Hepatology Pub Date : 2024-01-12 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-024-00892-6

Seung-min Park

引用次数: 0

Are all the IL-23 blockers the same in inflammatory bowel disease? 在炎症性肠病中，所有的 IL-23 阻断剂都一样吗？

IF 65.1 1区医学

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology &Hepatology Pub Date : 2024-01-05 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-023-00889-7

Silvio Danese, Laurent Peyrin-Biroulet

引用次数: 0

Pathophysiology of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease: implications for diagnosis and management 胃食管反流病的病理生理学：对诊断和管理的影响

IF 65.1 1区医学

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology &Hepatology Pub Date : 2024-01-04 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-023-00883-z

Julieta Argüero, Daniel Sifrim

{"title":"Pathophysiology of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease: implications for diagnosis and management","authors":"Julieta Argüero, Daniel Sifrim","doi":"10.1038/s41575-023-00883-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41575-023-00883-z","url":null,"abstract":"Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common gastrointestinal disorder in which retrograde flow of gastric content into the oesophagus causes uncomfortable symptoms and/or complications. It has a multifactorial and partially understood pathophysiology. GERD starts in the stomach, where the refluxate material is produced. Following the trajectory of reflux, the failure of the antireflux barrier, primarily the lower oesophageal sphincter and the crural diaphragm, enables the refluxate to reach the oesophageal lumen, triggering oesophageal or extra-oesophageal symptoms. Reflux clearance mechanisms such as primary and secondary peristalsis and the arrival of bicarbonate-rich saliva are critical to prevent mucosal damage. Alterations of the oesophageal mucosal integrity, such as macroscopic oesophagitis or microscopic changes, determine the perception of symptoms. The intensity of the symptoms is affected by peripheral and central neural and psychological mechanisms. In this Review, we describe an updated understanding of the complex and multifactorial pathophysiology of GERD. It is now recognized that different GERD phenotypes have different degrees of reflux, severity of mucosal integrity damage and type, and severity of symptoms. These variations are probably due to the occurrence of a predominant pathophysiological mechanism in each patient. We also describe the main pathophysiological mechanisms of GERD and their implications for personalized diagnosis and management. In this Review, Argüero and Sifrim describe the core pathophysiological mechanisms involved in gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD). They also discuss the implications for clinical management of GERD.","PeriodicalId":18793,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Gastroenterology &Hepatology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":65.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139091420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Autism spectrum disorders and the gastrointestinal tract: insights into mechanisms and clinical relevance 自闭症谱系障碍与胃肠道：对机制和临床意义的认识

IF 65.1 1区医学

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology &Hepatology Pub Date : 2023-12-19 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-023-00857-1

Lin Y. Hung, Kara Gross Margolis

{"title":"Autism spectrum disorders and the gastrointestinal tract: insights into mechanisms and clinical relevance","authors":"Lin Y. Hung, Kara Gross Margolis","doi":"10.1038/s41575-023-00857-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41575-023-00857-1","url":null,"abstract":"Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are recognized as central neurodevelopmental disorders diagnosed by impairments in social interactions, communication and repetitive behaviours. The recognition of ASD as a central nervous system (CNS)-mediated neurobehavioural disorder has led most of the research in ASD to be focused on the CNS. However, gastrointestinal function is also likely to be affected owing to the neural mechanistic nature of ASD and the nervous system in the gastrointestinal tract (enteric nervous system). Thus, it is unsurprising that gastrointestinal disorders, particularly constipation, diarrhoea and abdominal pain, are highly comorbid in individuals with ASD. Gastrointestinal problems have also been repeatedly associated with increased severity of the core symptoms diagnostic of ASD and other centrally mediated comorbid conditions, including psychiatric issues, irritability, rigid–compulsive behaviours and aggression. Despite the high prevalence of gastrointestinal dysfunction in ASD and its associated behavioural comorbidities, the specific links between these two conditions have not been clearly delineated, and current data linking ASD to gastrointestinal dysfunction have not been extensively reviewed. This Review outlines the established and emerging clinical and preclinical evidence that emphasizes the gut as a novel mechanistic and potential therapeutic target for individuals with ASD. Gastrointestinal issues are common in autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). This Review provides a comprehensive overview of the clinical and mechanistic connections between ASDs and gastrointestinal disorders and how these data might be utilized for future research and novel therapeutic targets.","PeriodicalId":18793,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Gastroenterology &Hepatology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":65.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138770395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Neutrophils: from IBD to the gut microbiota 中性粒细胞：从肠道疾病到肠道微生物群

IF 65.1 1区医学

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology &Hepatology Pub Date : 2023-12-18 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-023-00871-3

Camille Danne, Jurate Skerniskyte, Benoit Marteyn, Harry Sokol

{"title":"Neutrophils: from IBD to the gut microbiota","authors":"Camille Danne, Jurate Skerniskyte, Benoit Marteyn, Harry Sokol","doi":"10.1038/s41575-023-00871-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41575-023-00871-3","url":null,"abstract":"Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal tract that results from dysfunction in innate and/or adaptive immune responses. Impaired innate immunity, which leads to lack of control of an altered intestinal microbiota and to activation of the adaptive immune system, promotes a secondary inflammatory response that is responsible for tissue damage. Neutrophils are key players in innate immunity in IBD, but their roles have been neglected compared with those of other immune cells. The latest studies on neutrophils in IBD have revealed unexpected complexities, with heterogeneous populations and dual functions, both deleterious and protective, for the host. In parallel, interconnections between disease development, intestinal microbiota and neutrophils have been highlighted. Numerous IBD susceptibility genes (such as NOD2, NCF4, LRRK2, CARD9) are involved in neutrophil functions related to defence against microorganisms. Moreover, severe monogenic diseases involving dysfunctional neutrophils, including chronic granulomatous disease, are characterized by intestinal inflammation that mimics IBD and by alterations in the intestinal microbiota. This observation demonstrates the dialogue between neutrophils, gut inflammation and the microbiota. Neutrophils affect microbiota composition and function in several ways. In return, microbial factors, including metabolites, regulate neutrophil production and function directly and indirectly. It is crucial to further investigate the diverse roles played by neutrophils in host–microbiota interactions, both at steady state and in inflammatory conditions, to develop new IBD therapies. In this Review, we discuss the roles of neutrophils in IBD, in light of emerging evidence proving strong interconnections between neutrophils and the gut microbiota, especially in an inflammatory context. In this Review, Danne and colleagues describe the roles of neutrophils in inflammatory bowel disease, as well as their functions in host–microbiota interactions.","PeriodicalId":18793,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Gastroenterology &Hepatology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":65.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138740533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0