Nature Reviews Gastroenterology &Hepatology最新文献

Strengthening the foundation of African microbiome research: strategies for standardized data collection

IF 65.1 1区医学

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology &Hepatology Pub Date : 2024-09-19 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-024-00986-1

Soumaya Kouidhi, Ovokeraye H. Oduaran

引用次数: 0

A greener gastroenterology: challenges and opportunities for an eco-sustainable approach to digestive diseases 更环保的肠胃病学：采用生态可持续方法治疗消化系统疾病的挑战与机遇

IF 65.1 1区医学

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology &Hepatology Pub Date : 2024-09-12 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-024-00983-4

Giovanni Cammarota, Gianluca Ianiro

引用次数: 0

Characterizing the genomic landscape of colorectal cancer 描述结直肠癌的基因组特征

IF 65.1 1区医学

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology &Hepatology Pub Date : 2024-09-09 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-024-00988-z

Jordan Hindson

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Ammonia-induced stress response in liver disease progression and hepatic encephalopathy 肝病进展和肝性脑病中氨诱导的应激反应

IF 65.1 1区医学

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology &Hepatology Pub Date : 2024-09-09 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-024-00970-9

Rocío Gallego-Durán, Anna Hadjihambi, Javier Ampuero, Christopher F. Rose, Rajiv Jalan, Manuel Romero-Gómez

{"title":"Ammonia-induced stress response in liver disease progression and hepatic encephalopathy","authors":"Rocío Gallego-Durán, Anna Hadjihambi, Javier Ampuero, Christopher F. Rose, Rajiv Jalan, Manuel Romero-Gómez","doi":"10.1038/s41575-024-00970-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41575-024-00970-9","url":null,"abstract":"Ammonia levels are orchestrated by a series of complex interrelated pathways in which the urea cycle has a central role. Liver dysfunction leads to an accumulation of ammonia, which is toxic and is strongly associated with disruption of potassium homeostasis, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, inflammation, hypoxaemia and dysregulation of neurotransmission. Hyperammonaemia is a hallmark of hepatic encephalopathy and has been strongly associated with liver-related outcomes in patients with cirrhosis and liver failure. In addition to the established role of ammonia as a neurotoxin in the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy, an increasing number of studies suggest that it can lead to hepatic fibrosis progression, sarcopenia, immune dysfunction and cancer. However, elevated systemic ammonia levels are uncommon in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. A clear causal relationship between ammonia-induced immune dysfunction and risk of infection has not yet been definitively proven. In this Review, we discuss the mechanisms by which ammonia produces its diverse deleterious effects and their clinical relevance in liver diseases, the importance of measuring ammonia levels for the diagnosis of hepatic encephalopathy, the prognosis of patients with cirrhosis and liver failure, and how our knowledge of inter-organ ammonia metabolism is leading to the development of novel therapeutic approaches.","PeriodicalId":18793,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Gastroenterology &Hepatology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":65.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142158949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

GLP1 agonists: current and future landscape of clinical trials for patients with metabolic dysfunction GLP1 激动剂：针对代谢功能障碍患者的临床试验现状与未来展望

IF 65.1 1区医学

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology &Hepatology Pub Date : 2024-09-06 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-024-00977-2

Jonathan Goldney, Melanie J. Davies

引用次数: 0

AI-based tool for scoring MASH histology 基于人工智能的 MASH 组织学评分工具

IF 65.1 1区医学

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology &Hepatology Pub Date : 2024-09-06 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-024-00987-0

Jordan Hindson

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Hepatic immune regulation and sex disparities 肝脏免疫调节与性别差异

IF 65.1 1区医学

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology &Hepatology Pub Date : 2024-09-05 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-024-00974-5

Patrizia Burra, Alberto Zanetto, Bernd Schnabl, Thomas Reiberger, Aldo J. Montano-Loza, Rosanna Asselta, Tom Hemming Karlsen, Frank Tacke

{"title":"Hepatic immune regulation and sex disparities","authors":"Patrizia Burra, Alberto Zanetto, Bernd Schnabl, Thomas Reiberger, Aldo J. Montano-Loza, Rosanna Asselta, Tom Hemming Karlsen, Frank Tacke","doi":"10.1038/s41575-024-00974-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41575-024-00974-5","url":null,"abstract":"Chronic liver disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Epidemiology, clinical phenotype and response to therapies for gastrointestinal and liver diseases are commonly different between women and men due to sex-specific hormonal, genetic and immune-related factors. The hepatic immune system has unique regulatory functions that promote the induction of intrahepatic tolerance, which is key for maintaining liver health and homeostasis. In liver diseases, hepatic immune alterations are increasingly recognized as a main cofactor responsible for the development and progression of chronic liver injury and fibrosis. In this Review, we discuss the basic mechanisms of sex disparity in hepatic immune regulation and how these mechanisms influence and modify the development of autoimmune liver diseases, genetic liver diseases, portal hypertension and inflammation in chronic liver disease. Alterations in gut microbiota and their crosstalk with the hepatic immune system might affect the progression of liver disease in a sex-specific manner, creating potential opportunities for novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to be evaluated in clinical trials. Finally, we identify and propose areas for future basic, translational and clinical research that will advance our understanding of sex disparities in hepatic immunity and liver disease.","PeriodicalId":18793,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Gastroenterology &Hepatology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":65.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142138029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Consequences of bathroom restriction on transgender individuals with gastrointestinal conditions in the United States 浴室限制对美国患有肠胃疾病的变性人的影响

IF 65.1 1区医学

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology &Hepatology Pub Date : 2024-09-02 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-024-00975-4

Cass D. Condray, Kira L. Newman, Victor G. Chedid

引用次数: 0

Intestinal organ chips for disease modelling and personalized medicine. 用于疾病建模和个性化医疗的肠道器官芯片。

IF 45.9 1区医学

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology &Hepatology Pub Date : 2024-08-27 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-024-00968-3

Alican Özkan, Nina Teresa LoGrande, Jessica F Feitor, Girija Goyal, Donald E Ingber

{"title":"Intestinal organ chips for disease modelling and personalized medicine.","authors":"Alican Özkan, Nina Teresa LoGrande, Jessica F Feitor, Girija Goyal, Donald E Ingber","doi":"10.1038/s41575-024-00968-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41575-024-00968-3","url":null,"abstract":"Alterations in intestinal structure, mechanics and physiology underlie acute and chronic intestinal conditions, many of which are influenced by dysregulation of microbiome, peristalsis, stroma or immune responses. Studying human intestinal physiology or pathophysiology is difficult in preclinical animal models because their microbiomes and immune systems differ from those of humans. Although advances in organoid culture partially overcome this challenge, intestinal organoids still lack crucial features that are necessary to study functions central to intestinal health and disease, such as digestion or fluid flow, as well as contributions from long-term effects of living microbiome, peristalsis and immune cells. Here, we review developments in organ-on-a-chip (organ chip) microfluidic culture models of the human intestine that are lined by epithelial cells and interfaced with other tissues (such as stroma or endothelium), which can experience both fluid flow and peristalsis-like motions. Organ chips offer powerful ways to model intestinal physiology and disease states for various human populations and individual patients, and can be used to gain new insight into underlying molecular and biophysical mechanisms of disease. They can also be used as preclinical tools to discover new drugs and then validate their therapeutic efficacy and safety in the same human-relevant model.","PeriodicalId":18793,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Gastroenterology &Hepatology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":45.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142080907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mapping neuroimmune interactions in the gut 绘制肠道神经免疫相互作用图

IF 65.1 1区医学

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology &Hepatology Pub Date : 2024-08-22 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-024-00982-5

Katrina Ray

{"title":"Mapping neuroimmune interactions in the gut","authors":"Katrina Ray","doi":"10.1038/s41575-024-00982-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41575-024-00982-5","url":null,"abstract":"New research has mapped neuroimmune interactions in the mouse gut, revealing that TRPV1-expressing nociceptor neurons (involved in visceral pain) control and suppress regulatory T (Treg) cells in the gut, increasing susceptibility to colitis in mouse models. The findings potentially link pain signalling with immunomodulatory mechanisms in the gut.In their screen, eight distinct neuronal subsets were activated in mice and mapped. Distinct immune perturbations were observed following this activation: nitrergic neurons (NOS1 expression) regulated T helper 17-like cells in the ileum; cholinergic neurons (express choline acetyltransferase) regulated ileal neutrophils; and nociceptor neurons (TRPV1 expression) regulated a range of cell types including type 2 innate lymphoid cells, activated CD8+ T cells, macrophages and RORγ Treg cells. Examining the nociceptor neurons in more detail revealed that TRPV1+ neurons in the dorsal root ganglia suppressed RORγ+ Treg cells in the colon via calcitonin gene-related peptide, which was mediated via the receptor RAMP1–CALCRL. Importantly, TRPV1+ neuron activation and subsequent downregulation of Treg cells resulted in increased susceptibility to intestinal inflammation in mice (via Citrobacter infection and induction by administration of dextran sodium sulfate).","PeriodicalId":18793,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Gastroenterology &Hepatology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":65.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142021986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0