Microorganisms最新文献

{"title":"Photodynamic Inactivation of Bacteria in Boar Semen with Blue LED Light.","authors":"Isabel Katharina Maaßen, Anne-Marie Luther, Mohammad Varzandeh, Steffen Hackbarth, Dagmar Waberski","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms13030643","DOIUrl":"10.3390/microorganisms13030643","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The photodynamic inactivation (PDI) of bacteria is a promising alternative to antibiotics in boar semen extenders. It was recently established using the illumination of semen samples containing 2 µM of the photosensitizer 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(N-methyl-4-pyridyl)-21H,23H-porphine (TMPyP) with white LED light. High concentrations of TMPyP require strict sample handling in the dark to avoid uncontrolled photodynamic effects caused by ambient light. This study was designed to examine whether lower concentrations of PS could be utilized along with a narrow band blue LED light source, which aligns with TMPyP's Soret band, thereby minimizing light-induced disruption. A dose-response study with blue LED light exposure of sperm revealed no light toxicity. Importantly, substituting the established white light PDI with blue light illumination and 0.5 µM TMPyP resulted in robust antimicrobial efficiency and sperm compatibility in long-term stored semen samples. This modification led to the confirmation of the hypothesis that a diminished TMPyP concentration in concert with blue LED light facilitates semen handling in normal laboratory light while avoiding unintended light effects. In conclusion, this study plays a pivotal role in augmenting the practicality of the innovative PDI technology by establishing a method that is less susceptible to unanticipated effects of ambient light during sample management.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"13 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11944377/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143720335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety and Efficacy of Ephedrine Alkaloids-Free Ephedra Herb Extract (EFE) for Mild COVID-19: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized Comparative Trial.","authors":"Hiroshi Odaguchi, Sumiko Hyuga, Mariko Sekine, Hirofumi Michimae, Masashi Hyuga, Nahoko Uchiyama, Masashi Uema, Yuji Kumagai, Yusuke Suzuki, Shigeki Nabeshima, Norio Omagari, Yohei Doi, Kunihiro Yamaoka, Koji Miyazaki, Susumu Fuji, Yoshihiro Umezawa, Shiho Kodera, Hirotaka Nagashima, Wataru Hirose, Yukihiro Goda","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms13030641","DOIUrl":"10.3390/microorganisms13030641","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Several Ephedra Herb-containing Kampo medicines are common initial treatments for various infections; however, the ephedrine alkaloids in Ephedra Herb can cause side effects by stimulating adrenergic receptors. Accordingly, an ephedrine alkaloids-free Ephedra Herb Extract (EFE) has been developed. This study aimed to evaluate whether EFE can be used effectively and safely in patients with mild coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We randomized patients with mild COVID-19 to receive EFE equivalent to 6 g of Ephedra Herb per day or a placebo for 14 days. The primary efficacy endpoint was the non-aggravation rate up to Day 15. We allocated 41 and 40 patients to the EFE and placebo groups, respectively. All participants were included in the mITT and safety analysis populations [male ratio, mean age: 31.7%, 42.0 years (EFE); 17.5%, 43.2 years (placebo)]. The non-aggravation rate up to Day 15 for the primary endpoint was 100.0% and 94.6% in the EFE and placebo group, respectively, with no between-group difference. The number of days to the improvement in nausea symptoms was significantly shorter in the EFE group. One patient in the placebo group discontinued the trial due to a side effect. Although EFE demonstrated safety in patients with mild COVID-19, it did not show superior efficacy compared to placebo for symptoms other than nausea.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"13 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11946151/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143720523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interactions Between Endosymbionts <i>Wolbachia</i> and <i>Rickettsia</i> in the Spider Mite <i>Tetranychus turkestani</i>: Cooperation or Antagonism?","authors":"Sha Wang, Xinlei Wang, Ali Basit, Qiancheng Wei, Kedi Zhao, Yiying Zhao","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms13030642","DOIUrl":"10.3390/microorganisms13030642","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Maternally inherited endosymbionts are widespread in arthropods, with multiple symbionts commonly co-existing within a single host, potentially competing for or sharing limited host resources and space. <i>Wolbachia</i> and <i>Rickettsia</i>, two maternally-inherited symbionts in arthropods, can co-infect hosts, yet research on their combined impacts on host reproduction and interaction remains scarce. <i>Tetranychus turkestani</i> (Acari: Tetranychidae) is an important agricultural pest mite, characterized by rapid reproduction, a short life cycle, and being difficult to control. <i>Wolbachia</i> and <i>Rickettsia</i> are two major endosymbiotic bacteria present in <i>T. turkestani</i>. This study used diverse parthenogenetic backcross and antibiotic screening to explore the reproductive effects of these two symbionts on <i>T. turkestani</i>. The results show that single <i>Rickettsia</i> infection induced male killing in the amphigenesis of <i>T. turkestani</i>, leading to arrhenotokous embryo death and fewer offspring. Single <i>Wolbachia</i> infection induced strong cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI). During dual infection, CI intensity decreased because <i>Rickettsia</i>'s male-killing effect antagonized the <i>Wolbachia</i>-induced CI. Dual-infected mites had increased oviposition, lower mortality, a higher female-to-male ratio, and more offspring, thus enhancing <i>T. turkestani</i>'s fitness. These findings will be helpful for understanding the nature of host-endosymbiont interactions and the potential for evolutionary conflicts, offering insights into their co-evolutionary relationship.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"13 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11946427/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143720163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biodegradation of S-Triazine Herbicides Under Saline Conditions by <i>Paenarthrobacter ureafaciens</i> PC, a New Halotolerant Bacterial Isolate: Insights into Both the Degradative Pathway and Mechanisms of Tolerance to High Salt Concentrations.","authors":"Chunqing Fu, Yifan Jiang, Bingwen Xu, Xinmei Fu, Liang Tan, Mei Jin","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms13030649","DOIUrl":"10.3390/microorganisms13030649","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, a halotolerant bacterial strain was isolated and identified. This bacterium was confirmed to efficiently degrade s-triazine herbicides under saline conditions. The optimal conditions for the metabolism and growth of this strain were determined through single-factor tests. Furthermore, the biodegradation pathways of prometryne (the target compound) by this strain were proposed based on the detection of possible degradation intermediates and genome sequencing analysis. Additionally, a possible halotolerance mechanisms of this strain were also revealed through screening halotolerance-related genes in its genome. The results demonstrated that a halotolerant bacterial strain (designated PC), which completely degraded 20.00 mg/L prometryne within 12 h under saline conditions (30.0 g/L NaCl), was isolated and identified as <i>Paenarthrobacter ureafaciens</i>. The optimal conditions for the metabolism and growth of the strain PC were identified as follows: yeast extract as the additional carbon source with the concentration of ≥0.1 g/L, NaCl concentration of ≤30.0 g/L, initial pH of 7.0, temperature of 35.0 °C, and shaking speed of ≥160 rpm. Furthermore, the strain PC demonstrated efficient removal of other s-triazine herbicides, including atrazine, ametryne, simetryne, and cyanazine. The strain PC might degrade prometryne through a series of steps, including demethylthiolation, deisopropylamination, deamination, dealkalation, decarboxylation, etc., relying on the relevant functional genes involved in the degradation of s-triazine compounds. Furthermore, the strain PC might tolerate high salinity through the excessive uptake of K⁺ into cells, intracellular accumulation of compatible solutes, and production of halophilic enzymes. This study is expected to provide a potentially effective halotolerant bacterium for purifying s-triazine pollutants in saline environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"13 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11945447/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143720391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computational Analysis of Morphological Changes in <i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</i> Under Acidic Stress.","authors":"Athira Venugopal, Doron Steinberg, Ora Moyal, Shira Yonassi, Noga Glaicher, Eliraz Gitelman, Moshe Shemesh, Moshe Amitay","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms13030647","DOIUrl":"10.3390/microorganisms13030647","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Shape and size often define the characteristics of individual microorganisms. Hence, characterizing cell morphology using computational image analysis can aid in the accurate, quick, unbiased, and reliable identification of bacterial morphology. Modifications in the cell morphology of <i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</i> were determined in response to acidic stress, during the growth stage of the cells at a pH 3.5 compared to a pH of 6.5. Consequently, we developed a computational method to sort, detect, analyze, and measure bacterial size in a single-species culture. We applied a deep learning methodology composed of object detection followed by image classification to measure bacterial cell dimensions. The results of our computational analysis showed a significant change in cell morphology in response to alterations of the environmental pH. Specifically, we found that the bacteria existed as a long unseparated cell, with a dramatic increase in length of 41% at a low pH compared to the control. Bacterial width was not altered in the low pH compared to the control. Those changes could be attributed to modifications in membrane properties, such as increased cell membrane fluidity in acidic pH. The integration of deep learning and object detection techniques, with microbial microscopic imaging, is an advanced methodology for studying cellular structures that can be projected for use in other bacterial species or cells. These trained models and scripts can be applied to other microbes and cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"13 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11945700/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143720156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Genotypes in the Oral Mucosae of HIV-Positive Individuals: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Gul Bayram, Tugce Simsek Yildirim, Elif Ertas, Arzu Kanik","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms13030646","DOIUrl":"10.3390/microorganisms13030646","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Papillomaviruses are double-stranded DNA viruses, and it is essential to clarify their genotypic distribution for their effective prevention and clinical management. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the prevalence of HPV genotypes in the normal oral mucosae of HIV-positive individuals. A systematic literature search was conducted across PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar to identify peer-reviewed studies published up to 13 February 2025. The inclusion criteria referred to original research studies reporting on the prevalence and genotype-specific distribution of HPV in the oral mucosae of HIV-positive individuals. Statistical analyses were conducted using the MedicReS E-PICOS AI smart biostatistics software (version 21.3, New York, NY, USA) and the MedCalc statistical software package (MedCalc Software Ltd., Ostend, Belgium). The pooled prevalence estimates were calculated using a random-effects meta-analysis model, and heterogeneity was quantified using the Cochrane Q and I² statistics. The presence of publication bias was assessed via the Begg and Mazumdar rank correlation test. High prevalence and heterogeneity of HPV-58 (6.23%), HPV-16 (4.326%), and HPV-66 (3.733%) were observed, indicating significant variability across populations and methodologies. This supports their association with HPV-related oropharyngeal malignancies and the need for the continuous surveillance of HIV-positive individuals. We also observed the elevated detection of LR-HPV genotypes, particularly HPV-13 (7.16%), HPV-5 (5.64%), and HPV-62 (4.24%). These findings indicate that there is substantial heterogeneity in the prevalence of both HR-HPV and LR-HPV genotypes among HIV-positive individuals, with certain genotypes exhibiting higher detection rates across studies, emphasizing the need for targeted surveillance and preventive strategies in this vulnerable population. The application of advanced data analysis methods is essential in enhancing HPV surveillance and implementing effective control measures in this vulnerable population.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"13 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11944522/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143720246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Epidemiology of Cryptosporidiosis on Lamb and Goat Kid Farms in Gran Canaria, Canary Islands (Spain).","authors":"María Cristina Del Río, Sergio Martín, Joaquín Quílez, José Manuel Molina, Otilia Ferrer, José Adrián Molina, Adrián Melián, Antonio Ruiz","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms13030644","DOIUrl":"10.3390/microorganisms13030644","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this study was to analyse and characterise <i>Cryptosporidium</i> spp. in sheep and goats in Gran Canaria (Spain) and to identify the risks and economic factors related to the disease. During sampling, a semi-structured survey was conducted with farmers, and faecal samples were collected from lambs, goat kids, sheep, and adult goats from a total of 30 farms. Adult samples were examined microscopically for the presence of <i>Cryptosporidium</i> spp. oocysts, with only three positive samples being found in sheep and one in goats. The PCR of the <i>SSU rRNA</i> gene was performed on all juvenile and adult samples, and positive samples from lambs (8.3%), sheep (6.9%), goat kids (23.3%), and goats (2.5%) were subjected to sequencing, detecting three of the most important species in small ruminants: <i>C. parvum</i>, <i>C. xiaoi</i>, and <i>C. ubiquitum</i>. By sequencing the <i>GP60</i> PCR products, two subtypes of <i>C. parvum</i> belonging to the IId family were identified, IIdA16G1 and IIdA23G1, with the latter being the most frequent. Although the prevalence of the disease was not very high, the zoonotic potential of <i>C. parvum</i> and the limited awareness of the parasite among farmers make surveillance and health education focused on the control of this member of Apicomplexa necessary.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"13 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11946421/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143720522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection and Identification of Diverse Phytoplasmas in Declining Persimmon Plants.","authors":"Seyyed Alireza Esmaeilzadeh-Hosseini, Ghobad Babaei, Sri Tej Mateeti, Francesco Pacini, Assunta Bertaccini","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms13030645","DOIUrl":"10.3390/microorganisms13030645","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Persimmon (<i>Diospyros kaki</i>) plants showing yellowing, reddening, die-back, and decline symptoms were observed in Mehriz (Yazd province), Iran. Total DNAs, extracted from samples collected from symptomatic and symptomless plants, were subjected to direct and nested PCR, amplifying the 16S rRNA gene of phytoplasmas using specific primer pairs. PCR amplicons of expected lengths were obtained, mainly from nested PCR, and only from samples collected from symptomatic plants. Real and virtual RFLP, phylogenetic, and DNA identity analyses of the partial 16S rRNA gene sequences suggested the presence of diverse phytoplasmas in the analyzed samples. The identified phytoplasmas were referable to '<i>Candidatus</i> Phytoplasma omanense' (16SrXXIX group) and '<i>Ca</i>. P. australasiae = australasiaticum' (16SrII-D subgroup). The results of the sampling and testing highlight the urgent need for an accurate survey to verify the presence and identity of phytoplasmas in symptomatic fruit trees in Iran, in order to be able to plan appropriate management strategies. Further investigations of the possible role of '<i>Ca</i>. P. omanense' strains as an emerging threat to fruit orchards in Iran should also be performed.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"13 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11944297/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143720293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Virulence Is More than Adhesion and Invasion Ability, an In Vitro Cell Infection Assay of Bovine <i>Mycoplasma</i> spp.","authors":"Elhem Yacoub, Daniel Kos, Murray Jelinski","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms13030632","DOIUrl":"10.3390/microorganisms13030632","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Mycoplasma bovis</i> is the most common mycoplasma associated with cattle diseases worldwide. However, other seemingly less virulent <i>Mycoplasma</i> spp. such as <i>M. bovigenitalium</i> and <i>M. bovirhinis</i> have also been associated with mycoplasmosis. The study objective was to compare the adhesion and cellular invasion characteristics of these bovine <i>Mycoplasma</i> spp. using Madin-Darby Bovine Kidney (MDBK) epithelial cells. MDBK cells were separately infected with 12 <i>M. bovis</i> strains and one strain each of <i>M. bovigenitalium</i> and <i>M. bovirhinis</i>. Following infection, a gentamicin protection assay was performed and the cells lysed at 6 and 54 h post-infection. The MDBK cell lysates were cultured for <i>Mycoplasma</i> spp. and qPCR was used to estimate the average number of <i>Mycoplasma</i> bacterial cells that infected each MDBK cell (Myc/Cell ratio). Confocal and electron microscopy studies using <i>M. bovis</i> mNeonGreen strain were also performed. All 14 <i>Mycoplasma</i> strains multiplied within the MDBK cells, a finding confirmed by microscopy studies of the <i>M. bovis</i> mNeonGreen strain. Unexpectedly, the <i>M. bovis</i> strains, obtained from diseased and asymptomatic cattle and bison, had lower Myc/Cell ratios than <i>M. bovirhinis</i> and <i>M. bovigenitalium</i> strains. These findings suggest that the ability for mycoplasmas to invade and replicate within host cells does not account for the differences in virulence between species.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"13 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11944293/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143720545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inhibitory Effect of Antimicrobial Peptides Bac7(17), PAsmr5-17 and PAβN on Bacterial Growth and Biofilm Formation of Multidrug-Resistant <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i>.","authors":"Johanna Rühl-Teichner, Daniela Müller, Ivonne Stamm, Stephan Göttig, Ursula Leidner, Torsten Semmler, Christa Ewers","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms13030639","DOIUrl":"10.3390/microorganisms13030639","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Acinetobacter</i> (<i>A.</i>) <i>baumannii</i> is a major nosocomial pathogen in human and veterinary medicine. The emergence of certain international clones (ICs), often with multidrug-resistant (MDR) phenotypes and biofilm formation (BF), facilitates its spread in clinical environments. The global rise in antimicrobial resistance demands alternative treatment strategies, such as antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). In this study, 45 human and companion animal MDR-<i>A. baumannii</i> isolates, belonging to the globally spread IC1, IC2 and IC7, were tested for antimicrobial resistance and biofilm-associated genes (BAGs) and their capacity for BF. Of these, 13 were used to test the inhibitory effect of AMPs on bacterial growth (BG) and BF through the application of a crystal violet assay. The two novel AMP variants Bac7(17) (target cell inactivation) and Pasmr5-17 (efflux pump inhibition) and the well-known AMP phenylalanine-arginine-β-naphthylamide (PAβN) were tested at concentrations of 1.95 to 1000 µg/mL. Based on whole-genome sequence data, identical patterns of BAGs were detected within the same IC. AMPs inhibited BG and BF in a dose-dependent manner. Bac7(17) and PAsmr5-17 were highly effective against BG, with growth inhibition (GI) of >99% (62.5 and 125 µg/mL, respectively). PAβN achieved only 95.7% GI at 1000 µg/mL. Similar results were obtained for BF. Differences between the ICs were found for both GI and BF when influenced by AMPs. PAsmr5-17 had hardly any inhibitory effect on the BF of IC1 isolates, but for IC2 and IC7 isolates, 31.25 µg/mL was sufficient. Our data show that the susceptibility of animal MDR-<i>A. baumannii</i> to AMPs most likely resembles that of human isolates, depending on their assignment to a particular IC. Even low concentrations of AMPs had a significant effect on BG. Therefore, AMPs represent a promising alternative in the treatment of MDR-<i>A. baumannii</i>, either as the sole therapy or in combination with antibiotics.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"13 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11944726/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143719643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}