Microorganisms最新文献

{"title":"Formation of Mono-Organismal and Mixed <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> Biofilms in the Presence of NaCl.","authors":"Yusuke Iwabuchi, Hiroko Yoshida, Shuichiro Kamei, Toshiki Uematsu, Masanori Saito, Hidenobu Senpuku","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms13051118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13051118","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, an opportunistic bacterium found in the oral cavity, has been reported as a causative agent of infective endocarditis and pneumonia. Salt is an essential mineral for cell maintenance in the human body. This study was conducted to clarify how salt affects the formation of biofilms by <i>S. aureus</i> and <i>Streptococcus mutans</i>, pathogens implicated in dental caries. Bacteria were cultivated with various concentrations of NaCl on a 96-well microtiter plate in tryptic soy broth with 0.25% sucrose or 0.25% glucose (TSBs and TSBg, respectively) for 16 h. The effects of glucosyltransferase in <i>S. mutans</i> membrane vesicles (MVs) and extracellular DNA during biofilm formation were also analyzed. <i>S. aureus</i> biofilms were induced by 0.004-0.25 M NaCl but not by NaCl at concentrations greater than 0.25 M in TSBs. The mixed <i>S. aureus</i> and <i>S. mutans</i> biofilms gradually grew and were constructed by dead cells in a NaCl concentration-dependent manner in both TSBs and TSBg. Moreover, biofilms were slightly induced by glucan generation mediated by the glucosyltransferases in MVs under high-salinity conditions. The formation of mixed-species <i>S. aureus</i> and <i>S. mutans</i> biofilms increased in the presence of both extracellular DNA and MVs. Therefore, extracellular DNA, MVs, and dead cells are factors that promote <i>S. aureus</i> biofilm formation under harsh conditions containing NaCl. The sugar (sucrose and glucose) ingestion-induced <i>S. mutans</i> biofilm may be a risk factor for infection by opportunistic pathogens such as <i>S. aureus</i> in individuals who consume food and drinks containing high concentrations of salt.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"13 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144160408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Zannella et al. Antiherpetic Activity of Taurisolo^®, a Grape Pomace Polyphenolic Extract. <i>Microorganisms</i> 2023, <i>11</i>, 1346.","authors":"Carla Zannella, Annalisa Chianese, Giuseppe Annunziata, Annalisa Ambrosino, Anna De Filippis, Gian Carlo Tenore, Ettore Novellino, Mariano Stornaiuolo, Massimiliano Galdiero","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms13051117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13051117","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the original publication [...].</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"13 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144160001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of Antibiotic Resistance in <i>Shewanella</i> Species: An Emerging Pathogen in Clinical and Environmental Settings.","authors":"Shahid Sher, Gary P Richards, Salina Parveen, Henry N Williams","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms13051115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13051115","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antibiotic resistance is increasing at an alarming rate worldwide, in large part due to their misuse and improper disposal. Antibiotics administered to treat human and animal diseases, including feed supplements for the treatment or prevention of disease in farm animals, have contributed greatly to the emergence of a multitude of antibiotic-resistant pathogens. <i>Shewanella</i> is one of many bacteria that have developed antibiotic resistance, and in some species, multiple-antibiotic resistance (MAR). <i>Shewanella</i> is a rod-shaped, Gram-negative, oxidase-positive, and H₂S-producing bacterium that is naturally found in the marine environment. In humans, <i>Shewanella</i> spp. can cause skin and soft tissue infections, septicemia, cellulitis, osteomyelitis, and ear and wound infections. Some <i>Shewanella</i> have been shown to be resistant to a variety of antibiotics, including beta-lactams, aminoglycoside, quinolones, third- or fourth-generation cephalosporins, and carbapenems, due to the presence of genes such as the <i>bla_OXA</i>-class D beta-lactamase-encoding gene, <i>bla_AmpC</i>-class-C beta-lactamase-encoding gene, and the <i>qnr</i> gene. Bacteria can acquire and transmit these genes through different horizontal gene-transmission mechanisms such as transformation, transduction, and conjugation. The genes for antibiotic resistance are present on <i>Shewanella</i> chromosomes and plasmids. Apart from this, heavy metals such as arsenic, mercury, cadmium, and chromium can also increase antibiotic resistance in <i>Shewanella</i> due to co-selection processes such as co-resistance, cross resistance, and co-regulation mechanisms. Antibiotics and drugs enter <i>Shewanella</i> spp. through pores or gates in their cell wall and may be ejected from the bacteria by efflux pumps, which are the first line of bacterial defense against antibiotics. Multiple-drug resistant <i>Shewanella</i> can be particularly difficult to control. This review focuses on the phenotypic and genomic characteristics of <i>Shewanella</i> that are involved in the increase in antimicrobial resistance in this bacterium.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"13 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144160285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic Activity of Vancomycin and Gentamicin Against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Biofilms on Polyurethane Surface.","authors":"Nicolas Henrique Borges, Paula Hansen Suss, Gabriel Burato Ortis, Leticia Ramos Dantas, Felipe Francisco Tuon","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms13051119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13051119","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> are frequently associated with biofilm formation on intravascular devices. Biofilms limit antimicrobial penetration and promote phenotypic resistance, challenging conventional treatment strategies. Vancomycin (VAN) and gentamicin (GEN) have been used clinically, but their combined antibiofilm activity remains underexplored. This study evaluates the efficacy of VAN and GEN, alone and in combination, against biofilms formed by methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA) and methicillin-sensitive <i>S. aureus</i> (MSSA) on polyurethane. MICs were determined for VAN and GEN. Biofilm biomass and metabolic activity were quantified using crystal violet and MTT assays, respectively. Biofilm viability was assessed through fluorescence microscopy and a modified Calgary Biofilm Device. A continuous-flow peristaltic model was developed to test treatment under simulated catheter conditions. While monotherapy with VAN or GEN had modest effects, their combination significantly reduced biomass and metabolic activity. VAN 20 mg/L + GEN 8 mg/L and VAN 40 mg/L + GEN 8 mg/L achieved over 70% reduction in MRSA biofilm viability and complete eradication in MBEC assays. Dynamic model assays confirmed biofilm reduction with combination therapy. The combination of VAN/GEN exhibits synergistic antibiofilm activity against <i>S. aureus</i>, particularly MRSA. These findings support its potential application in catheter salvage strategies, including antibiotic lock therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"13 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144160312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two-Component MprAB System Regulates the Expression of Genes Involved in Cell Envelope Biosynthesis in <i>Corynebacterium glutamicum</i>.","authors":"Yu Zou, Danni Huang, Xiuxia Liu, Yankun Yang, Chunli Liu, Ye Li, Zhonghu Bai","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms13051120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13051120","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To accurately detect internal and environmental cues, bacteria have evolved signal transduction pathways such as two-component systems (TCSs) to reprogram appropriate genetic and physiological functions for adaptation and survival. The MprAB TCS is commonly found in actinobacteria and has been associated with important processes such as mycobacterial virulence, nutrient starvation, and environmental stress, particularly cell envelope stress. However, a comprehensive investigation of the function and response network of the MprAB TCS in corynebacteria remains to be carried out. In this study, we report that the MprAB TCS (previously named CgtSR2) plays a critical role in regulating genes involved in cell envelope remodeling in <i>C. glutamicum</i>. The results indicated that the MprAB TCS directly controls a broad regulon, including cell wall biosynthesis proteins, alternative sigma factors, secreted proteins of unknown function, and the <i>mprAB</i> gene locus itself. Among these, the HtrA-like serine protease confers vancomycin and penicillin resistance. Furthermore, we found that the function of the cell envelope was disrupted during overexpression of <i>mprA</i>, resulting in elongated cell morphology and increased cell membrane permeability, as well as enhanced excretion of L-alanine. In conclusion, our findings provide novel insights into how the conserved MprAB TCS controls cell envelope homeostasis in distant actinobacteria.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"13 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144160520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biochemical Characterization and Polyester-Binding/Degrading Capability of Two Cutinases from <i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i>.","authors":"Haizhen Wang, Tianrui Zhang, Kaixiang Chen, Liangkun Long, Shaojun Ding","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms13051121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13051121","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Two recombinant cutinases, <i>Af</i>CutA and <i>Af</i>CutB, derived from <i>Aspergillus fumigatus,</i> were heterologously expressed in <i>Pichia pastoris</i> and systematically characterized for their biochemical properties and polyester-degrading capabilities. <i>Af</i>CutA demonstrated superior catalytic performance compared with <i>Af</i>CutB, displaying higher optimal pH (8.0-9.0 vs. 7.0-8.0), higher optimal temperature (60 °C vs. 50 °C), and greater thermostability. <i>Af</i>CutA exhibited increased hydrolytic activity toward p-nitrophenyl esters (C4-C16) and synthetic polyesters. Additionally, <i>Af</i>CutA released approximately 3.2-fold more acetic acid from polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) hydrolysis than <i>Af</i>CutB. Quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) revealed rapid adsorption of both enzymes onto polyester films. However, their adsorption capacity on poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL) films was significantly higher than on polybutylene succinate (PBS) films, and was influenced by pH. Comparative modeling of catalytic domains identified distinct structural differences between the two cutinases. <i>Af</i>CutA possesses a shallower substrate-binding cleft, fewer acidic residues, and more extensive hydrophobic regions around the active site, potentially explaining its enhanced interfacial activation and catalytic efficiency toward synthetic polyester substrates. The notably superior performance of <i>Af</i>CutA suggests its potential as a biocatalyst in industrial applications, particularly in polyester waste bioremediation and sustainable polymer processing.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"13 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144160177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biosynthetic Mechanisms of Plant Chlorogenic Acid from a Microbiological Perspective.","authors":"Jiasi Zhong, Qingsong Ran, Yanfeng Han, Longzhan Gan, Chunbo Dong","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms13051114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13051114","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chlorogenic acid (CGA), a phenolic compound with diverse bioactivities, plays a crucial role in plant defense mechanisms and has significant therapeutic potential in human inflammatory and cardiovascular diseases. The biosynthesis and accumulation of CGA in plants result from a complex interplay between internal factors (e.g., hormones, enzymes, and genes) and external factors (e.g., microbial interactions, drought, and temperature fluctuations). This review systematically investigates the influence of microbes on internal regulatory factors governing CGA biosynthesis in plants. CGA is synthesized through four distinct metabolic pathways, with hormones, enzymes, and genes as key regulators. Notably, microbes enhance CGA biosynthesis by improving plant nutrient uptake, supplying essential hormones, regulating the expression of related enzymes and genes, and the interaction between bacteria and fungi. In addition, our review summarizes the challenges currently present in the research and proposes a series of innovative strategies. These include in-depth investigations into the molecular mechanisms of microbial regulation of plant gene expression, gene editing, development of microbial inoculants, construction of synthetic microbial communities, and exogenous application of plant hormones.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"13 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144160187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Impact of Altitude on Bacterial Communities in Informally Produced Artisanal Colonial Cheeses: Insights from 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing.","authors":"Wemerson de Castro Oliveira, Anderson Santos de Freitas, Jeferson Aloísio Ströher, Neila Silvia Pereira Dos Santos Richards, Maria Beatriz Prior Pinto Oliveira, Magnolia Martins Erhardt","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms13051116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13051116","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Artisanal cheese microbiota plays a key role in defining its sensory properties, safety, and overall quality. Environmental factors, including altitude, influence microbial communities by altering temperature, pressure, and radiation levels, yet the extent of these effects on cheese microbiota remains unclear. Here, we investigated bacterial composition, diversity, and correlation patterns in artisanal cheeses produced along an 800 m altitudinal gradient in Southern Brazil using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and bioinformatic analyses. Diversity analysis showed no significant variation in microbial community structure across altitudes, suggesting that overall bacterial diversity is stable within this range. Physicochemical parameters, including moisture, pH, and fat content, also exhibited no statistical differences. However, differential abundance analysis revealed that while broad taxonomic profiles remained consistent, small differences were observed at deeper taxonomic levels, with <i>Lactiplantibacillus</i>, <i>Psychrobacter celer</i>, and <i>Lactococcus raffinolactis</i> showing altitude-associated variations. These findings suggest that altitude exerts only a subtle influence on cheese microbiota, primarily at lower taxonomic ranks. This study contributes to understanding environmental effects on cheese microbiomes, with potential applications for optimizing production and quality control in diverse altitudinal regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"13 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144160395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Analysis of Microbial-Short-Chain Fatty Acids-Epithelial Transport Axis in the Rumen Ecosystem Between Tarim Wapiti (<i>Cervus elaphus yarkandensis</i>) and Karakul Sheep (<i>Ovis aries</i>).","authors":"Jianzhi Huang, Yueyun Sheng, Xiaowei Jia, Wenxi Qian, Zhipeng Li","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms13051111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13051111","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Under long-term ecological stress, the Tarim wapiti (<i>Cervus elaphus yarkandensis</i>) has evolved unique adaptations in digestive physiology and energy metabolism. A multi-omics comparison of three Tarim wapiti and five Karakul sheep was used to examine the synergistic mechanism between rumen bacteria, short-chain fatty acids, and host epithelial regulation in order to clarify the mechanism of high roughage digestion efficiency in Tarim wapiti. Metagenomic sequencing (Illumina NovaSeq 6000) and gas chromatography revealed that Tarim wapiti exhibited significantly higher acetate and total VFA (TVFA) concentrations compared to Karakul sheep (<i>p</i> < 0.01), accompanied by lower ruminal pH and propionate levels. Core microbiota analysis identified <i>Bacteroidetes</i> (relative abundance: 52.3% vs. 48.1%), <i>Prevotellaceae</i> (22.7% vs. 19.4%), and <i>Prevotella</i> (18.9% vs. 15.6%) as dominant taxa in both species, with significant enrichment of <i>Bacteroidetes</i> in wapiti (<i>p</i> < 0.01). Functional annotation (PICRUSt2) demonstrated enhanced glycan biosynthesis (KEGG ko00511), DNA replication/repair (ko03430), and glycoside hydrolases (<i>GH20</i>, <i>GH33</i>, <i>GH92</i>, <i>GH97</i>) in wapiti (FDR < 0.05). Transcriptomic profiling (RNA-Seq) of rumen epithelium showed upregulated expression of SCFA transporters (<i>PAT1</i>: 2.1-fold, <i>DRA</i>: 1.8-fold, <i>AE2</i>: 2.3-fold; <i>p</i> < 0.01) and pH regulators (<i>Na⁺/K⁺ ATPase</i>: 1.7-fold; <i>p</i> < 0.05) in wapiti. Integrated analysis revealed coordinated microbial-host interactions through three key modules: (1) <i>Bacteroidetes</i>-driven polysaccharide degradation, (2) <i>GHs</i>-mediated fiber fermentation, and (3) epithelial transporters facilitating short-chain fatty acids absorption. These evolutionary adaptations, particularly the Bacteroidetes-short-chain fatty acids-transporter axis, likely underpin the wapiti's superior roughage utilization efficiency, providing molecular insights for improving ruminant feeding strategies in an arid environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"13 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144160289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Abiotrophia defectiva</i> and <i>Granulicatella</i>: A Literature Review on Prosthetic Joint Infection and a Case Report on <i>A. defectiva</i> PJI and Concurrent Native Valve Endocarditis.","authors":"Cristina Seguiti, Edda Piacentini, Angelica Fraghì, Mattia Zappa, Elia Croce, Angelo Meloni, Marco Cirillo, Clarissa Ferrari, Chiara Zani, David Belli, Tony Sabatini, Paolo Colombini","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms13051113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13051113","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Together with <i>Granulicatella</i> spp., <i>A. defectiva</i> was formerly classified within the group of nutritionally variant streptococci (NVS). NVS-related endocarditis has been associated with higher rates of complications, bacteriological failure, and mortality compared to other streptococci, partially due to challenges related to timely and accurate identification. PJI caused by <i>A. defectiva</i> are rarely reported, and standardized management strategies have not yet been established. We describe a case of a 68-year-old man with concomitant <i>A. defectiva</i> PJI and native mitral valve endocarditis. The patient was managed conservatively for endocarditis and subsequently underwent a two-stage arthroplasty of the infected prosthetic knee. <i>A. defectiva</i> was identified using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry on both synovial fluid and blood cultures. As penicillin susceptibility data were not available, the patient was treated with vancomycin at a dose of 2 g/day, resulting in a favorable clinical response. In addition, we performed a literature review on <i>A. defectiva</i> and <i>Granulicatella</i> PJI. Despite the limited number of reported cases in the literature, the findings suggest a potential correlation between clinical outcomes and antimicrobial treatment duration. Further comprehensive studies are needed to establish standardized management strategies for <i>A. defectiva</i> and <i>Granulicatella</i> PJI.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"13 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144160212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}