Microorganisms最新文献

{"title":"Rapid and Sensitive Detection of <i>Salmonella</i> via Immunomagnetic Separation and Nanoparticle-Enhanced SPR.","authors":"Fengzhu Liang, Yuzhen Li, Yan Cui, Jianhua Zhang","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms13081914","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13081914","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The widespread prevalence of <i>Salmonella</i> underscores the urgent need for rapid, sensitive, and reliable detection methods to ensure food safety and protection of public health. In this study, we successfully developed an integrated detection system that combines immunomagnetic separation with surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis. This system achieved high capture efficiencies, exceeding 96.04% in phosphate-buffered saline and over 91.66% in milk samples artificially spiked with <i>S.</i> Typhimurium at concentrations below 4.2 × 10⁴ CFU/mL. However, direct SPR detection of the isolated <i>S</i>. Typhimurium showed limited sensitivity, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 4.2 × 10⁷ CFU/mL. Incorporating a sandwich assay with antibody-conjugated gold nanoparticles significantly enhanced sensitivity, lowering the LOD by six orders of magnitude to 4.2 × 10¹ CFU/mL. The whole integrated process, integrating immunomagnetic separation with SPR analysis, was completed within 50 min. These results demonstrate that this AuNP-enhanced SPR platform offers both the rapidity and sensitivity essential for effective monitoring of food safety and traceability in <i>Salmonella</i>-related foodborne outbreaks, particularly in products such as milk.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"13 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12388732/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144961417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Molecular Epidemiology of Hepatitis B Virus and Its Resistance-Associated Mutations in the Polymerase Gene in the Americas.","authors":"Itzel A Ruvalcaba, Carlos Daniel Diaz-Palomera, Adrián Alejandro Silva-Ríos, José Francisco Muñoz-Valle, Oliver Viera-Segura","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms13081913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13081913","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a DNA virus of major public health concern whose error-prone polymerase has driven the emergence of ten distinct genotypes and a multitude of resistance-associated mutations (RAMs). Herein, we conducted a retrospective observational study analyzing 8152 hepatitis B virus (HBV) sequences from 27 regions across the Americas, retrieved from GenBank, to construct a database and examine associations among HBV genotypes/subtypes, geographic distribution, resistance-associated mutations (RAMs), and resistance to nucleos(t)ide analogs (NAs) used in the treatment of chronic infection. Following phylogenetic analysis, mutations at clinically relevant sites in the reverse transcriptase domain were identified and classified by resistance to NAs. Genotypes A (21.1% A2 and 14.7% A1) and D predominated across the retrieved database, whereas genotypes E, G, H, and I each accounted for fewer than 3% of the sequences. Among the sequences in the database, 10.6% harbored RAMs, with genotypes G, A, and H predominating in this category. The most frequently observed RAM was L180M + M204V/I, which is associated with resistance to LMV, ETV, and TBV, whereas resistance to ADV and TDF remained rare. Genotypes G and A2 were significantly associated with a higher likelihood of harboring multiple RAMs (as evaluated by logistic regression), along with an increased risk of resistance to LMV, ETV, and TBV; the opposite was true for subtype A1. Notably, genotypes H and B5 were associated with an elevated risk of TDF resistance. A comprehensive understanding of RAMs and circulating genotypes in the Americas is essential for identifying high-risk populations and establishing geographically targeted therapeutic strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"13 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12388563/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144961449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rising Threats of MRSA and Carbapenem-Resistant <i>Acinetobacter</i> in Residential Care Homes for the Elderly During COVID-19 in Hong Kong.","authors":"Edmond Siu-Keung Ma, Shuk-Ching Wong, Vincent Chi-Chung Cheng, Enoch Hsu, Hong Chen, Edwin Lok-Kin Tsui","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms13081912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13081912","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA) and carbapenem-resistant <i>Acinetobacter</i> (CRA) cause significant mortality and morbidity among the elderly population. We conducted a territory-wide point prevalence survey in Hong Kong to estimate the prevalence of MRSA and resistant <i>Acinetobacter</i> among residents of residential care homes of the elderly (RCHEs). A total of 26 RCHEs with 1529 residents were recruited, including 20 private homes and 6 non-private homes. The size of the homes ranged from 13 to 135 residents, with a median of 57 residents. Overall, the prevalence rates of MRSA, CRA, and multidrug-resistant <i>Acinetobacter</i> were 33.9% (95% CI: 31.5-36.3%), 8.1% (95% CI: 6.8-9.6%), and 0.8% (95% CI: 0.4-1.4%), respectively. Private homes had a greater prevalence of MDROs than non-private homes did, whereas RCHEs in the Hong Kong region had a greater prevalence of most resistant organisms, followed by those in the Kowloon region and then those in the New Territories. We detected a high prevalence of MRSA during the COVID-19 pandemic, with additional information on CRA that was not previously known. Continuous surveillance and stringent infection control measures are needed to combat these resistant pathogens among this vulnerable population.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"13 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12388084/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144961451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seroprevalence and Passive Clinical Surveillance of West Nile Virus in Horses from Ecological High-Risk Areas in Western Romania: Exploratory Findings from a Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Paula Nistor, Livia Stanga, Andreia Chirila, Vlad Iorgoni, Alexandru Gligor, Alexandru Ciresan, Ionela Popa, Bogdan Florea, Mirela Imre, Vlad Cocioba, Ionica Iancu, Janos Degi, Viorel Herman","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms13081910","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13081910","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This cross-sectional study evaluated the seroprevalence and clinical impact of West Nile virus (WNV) infection in horses from three ecologically high-risk counties in western Romania (Timiș, Arad, and Bihor) between 2023 and 2025. A total of 306 unvaccinated horses were tested using a commercial ELISA, with 8.17% testing positive for WNV antibodies, indicating prior exposure. Passive surveillance for clinical signs during mosquito seasons identified 16 horses with acute neurological symptoms, four of which were confirmed as clinical cases based on WNV-specific IgM positivity, suggesting probable silent WNV circulation in the region. The overall case fatality rate among confirmed clinical cases was 25.0%. WNV seropositivity was highest in Bihor (8.85%), followed by Arad (8.57%) and Timiș (7.32%). Statistical comparisons using χ² tests and binary logistic regression indicated no significant differences in seroprevalence between counties, sexes, or age groups, consistent with the overlapping 95% confidence intervals. These findings suggest the continued silent circulation of WNV in the region and support the integration of equine surveillance into the One Health framework as a potential tool for early detection and risk mitigation. However, in the absence of molecular confirmation (e.g., RT-PCR or virus isolation), these results should be interpreted as indicative of prior exposure rather than direct evidence of ongoing viral activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"13 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12388522/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144961228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assembly of Abundant and Rare Bacterial and Fungal Communities in Different Typical Forest Types in the Zhongtiao Mountains.","authors":"Zixing Li, Ran Wang, Mengtao Zhang","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms13081911","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13081911","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Soil microorganisms play an important role in maintaining the functioning of terrestrial ecosystems. Soil microbial communities usually contain both abundant and rare microorganisms. However, in forest ecosystems, the differences in the functions and assembly processes of abundant and rare microbial taxa in soils between planted pure and mixed forests are currently unknown. In this study, four different forest types in the Zhongtiao Mountains were selected, and the diversity and assembly processes of abundant and rare microbial communities in their soils were quantitatively analyzed. The results show that there are differences in the diversity and assembly processes of abundant and rare microorganisms in the four forests. Significant differences in the α-diversity (Shannon index) of abundant bacteria (<i>p</i> = 0.019) and rare fungi (<i>p</i> = 0.049) were obtained in the four forests. The assembly of abundant bacterial and fungal communities in the four forest types was mainly influenced by stochastic processes, the assembly of rare bacterial communities was mainly influenced by deterministic processes, and the assembly of rare fungal communities was influenced by a combination of deterministic and stochastic processes. Planted mixed forests increase the relative contribution of deterministic processes in the assembly of rare fungal communities compared to planted pure forests. This study determined the relative contributions of deterministic and stochastic processes in the assembly of abundant and rare microbial communities among different forest types, providing a theoretical basis for forest management in mixed forests.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"13 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12388160/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144961433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Fusobacterium nucleatum</i> Infection Drives Glutathione Depletion in Gastric Cancer: Integrated Multi-Omics and Experimental Validation.","authors":"Siru Nie, Yuehua Gong, Ang Wang, Rui Guo, Xiaohui Chen, Yuan Yuan","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms13081907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13081907","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The colonization of <i>Fusobacterium nucleatum</i> (<i>F. nucleatum</i>) in the microenvironment of gastric cancer (GC) is closely associated with tumor progression, but its impact on host metabolic remodeling remains unclear. This study aims to elucidate the mechanistic link between <i>F. nucleatum</i> infection and metabolic changes in GC tissue. By integrating 16S rRNA microbiome sequencing and LC-MS/MS metabolomics, the differences in microbial composition and metabolic profiles between <i>Fusobacterium</i> sp.-positive and -negative GC tissues were systematically compared, and the correlation of differential microbes and differential metabolites was analyzed. The impact of <i>F. nucleatum</i> on the glutathione (GSH) metabolic pathway was validated through in vitro tissue testing and the use of the infection model of GC cell lines (such as AGS and HGC27). Integrative omics analysis showed a strong negative correlation between <i>Fusobacterium</i> sp. infection and antioxidant metabolite GSH levels in GCs (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Metabolic reprogramming features: Eleven differentially expressed metabolites were identified using LC-MS/MS metabolomics screening (<i>p</i> < 0.05). GSH was significantly depleted in the <i>Fusobacterium</i> sp.-positive group. Experimental validation: At the histological level, the abundance of <i>F. nucleatum</i> in GC tissues was higher than that in the paired adjacent non-cancerous (NC) tissues; at the cellular level, after <i>F. nucleatum</i> infection of GC cells, the intracellular GSH level decreased (<i>p</i> < 0.01), accompanied by a decrease in glutathione synthetase (GSS) mRNA expression and reactive oxygen species (ROS). This study is the first to demonstrate that <i>F. nucleatum</i> suppresses the GSH synthesis pathway, leading to the breakdown of antioxidant capacity and the formation of an oxidative stress microenvironment in GC cells. These findings provide new insights into the metabolic mechanism of <i>F. nucleatum</i> in promoting GC progression and suggest that targeting the <i>F. nucleatum</i>-GSH axis could offer a novel strategy for GC therapeutic intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"13 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12388304/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144961165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of Feed-Based Monovalent <i>Aeromonas</i> Vaccine in Farmed Carp.","authors":"Nimra Mubeen, Farzana Abbas, Muhammad Hafeez-Ur-Rehman, Margaret Crumlish, Haris Mahboob, Muhammad Akmal, Ayesha Sadiqa, Talha Mahboob Alam, Samama Jalil","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms13081903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13081903","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Aeromonas hydrophila</i> (<i>A. hydrophila</i>) is responsible for causing abdominal dropsy, swimming abnormalities, skin ulcerations, and pale gills in fish. Vaccination is an essential strategy for disease prevention in aquaculture. This study evaluated the efficacy of an oral vaccine against <i>A. hydrophila</i> in <i>Ctenopharyngodon idella</i> (<i>C. idella</i>). The vaccine was formulated as feed-based monovalent pellets, incorporating or spraying formalin-killed <i>A. hydrophila</i> on/into commercial feed with 30% crude protein. Mineral and fish oils were used as adjuvants at 10% of the feed. Prior to the trial, the experimental feed groups were subjected to quality and safety tests. Grass carp fingerlings (20 ± 5 g) were divided into seven groups (<i>n</i> = 20 per group): sprayed vaccinated feed with fish oil (SVFF), incorporated vaccinated feed with fish oil (IVFF), sprayed vaccinated feed with mineral oil (SVFM), incorporated vaccinated feed with mineral oil (IVFM), sprayed vaccinated feed (SVF), incorporated vaccinated feed (IVF), and a control group. Feed was provided at 3% of body weight for 60 days. Immunomodulation was investigated through lysozyme activity, antibody titers, and immunoglobulin M (IgM). The IVFF group showed significantly enhanced immunity and growth performance, with an 87% protection rate, 13% mortality, and the highest relative percentage survival (83%) following intraperitoneal <i>A. hydrophila</i> (6.8 × 10⁹ CFU/mL) challenge. Histological analysis indicated minimal pathological changes in the IVFF group compared to controls. Fish oil as an adjuvant enhanced immunity without adverse health effects. Overall, this study demonstrated that feed-based monovalent vaccines effectively improve immune responses and provide protection against <i>A. hydrophila</i> in <i>C. idella.</i></p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"13 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12388787/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144961288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BOL Lectin: A Protein Derived from Cauliflower Exhibits Antibiofilm Activity in In Vitro Assays Against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>.","authors":"Leandro Augusto Mariano Silva, Natália Pereira, Mareliza Possa de Menezes, Romário Alves Rodrigues, Milena Souza Reis, Giordano Eugenio Oliveira, Hugo Leandro Dos Santos, Lucas José Luduverio Pizauro, Ana Karen de Mendonça Ludgero, Christiane Eliza Motta Duarte, Leandro Licursi de Oliveira, Caio Roberto Soares Bragança, Marita Vedovelli Cardozo","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms13081901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13081901","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The BOL lectin, a 34 kDa protein with a hemagglutination titer of 64 hemagglutination units (HU), was extracted from cauliflower (<i>Brassica oleracea</i> spp. <i>botrytis</i> L.), purified by affinity and ion exchange chromatography, and confirmed, in this study, by Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate-Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The antibiofilm activity of BOL was evaluated at two concentrations (0.1 mg/mL and 1.0 mg/mL) against bacterial strains of importance to human health (<i>Bacillus cereus</i> ATCC 10876, <i>Escherichia coli</i> ATCC 25922, <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> ATCC 29213, and <i>Streptococcus agalactiae</i> ATCC 12403). In addition to a biofilm formation assay, a pre-formed biofilm assay was conducted, with biofilm structure analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The antimicrobial potential of BOL was also investigated using the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) assay in 96-well microplates. Among the tested bacterial strains, BOL exhibited activity against <i>S. aureus</i> at 1.0 mg/mL, interfering with both biofilm formation and disrupting pre-formed biofilms, which may be explained by a possible interaction between BOL and the components present in the biofilm matrix. However, no antibiofilm activity was observed against <i>E. coli</i>, <i>B. cereus</i>, or <i>S. agalactiae</i>, possibly due to differences in the composition of their biofilm matrices. Furthermore, BOL showed no detectable bactericidal or bacteriostatic activity in the antimicrobial assays. In conclusion, BOL lectin, at the tested concentrations, does not exhibit direct antimicrobial activity but effectively disrupts the extracellular matrix in <i>S. aureus</i> ATCC 29213.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"13 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12388089/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144961098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Native Rhizobial Inoculation Improves Tomato Yield and Nutrient Uptake While Mitigating Heavy Metal Accumulation in a Conventional Farming System.","authors":"Luis Alberto Manzano-Gómez, Clara Ivette Rincón-Molina, Esperanza Martínez-Romero, Simón Samuel Stopol-Martínez, Amado Santos-Santiago, Juan José Villalobos-Maldonado, Víctor Manuel Ruíz-Valdiviezo, Reiner Rincón-Rosales","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms13081904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13081904","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Enhancing crop productivity through biological strategies is critical for agriculture, particularly under conventional farming systems heavily reliant on chemical inputs. Plant probiotic bacteria offer promising alternatives by promoting plant growth and yield. This is the first field study to assess the effects of biofertilization with native rhizobial strains <i>Rhizobium</i> sp. ACO-34A, <i>Sinorhizobium mexicanum</i> ITTG-R7^T, and <i>S. chiapasense</i> ITTG-S70^T on <i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> (tomato) cultivated under conventional farming conditions. Key parameters assessed include plant performance (plant height, plant stem width, plant dry weight, and chlorophyll content), fruit yield (fruits per plant, fruit height, fruit width, fruit weight, and estimated fruit volume), and macronutrient and micronutrient contents in plant tissue. Additionally, rhizospere bacterial communities were characterized through 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing to evaluate alpha and beta diversity. Inoculation with ITTG-R7^T significantly improved plant height, stem width, and plant dry weight, while ITTG-S70^T enhanced stem width and chlorophyll content. ACO-34A inoculation notably increased fruit number, size, and yield parameters. Moreover, inoculated plants exhibited reduced Fe and Cu accumulation compared to non-inoculated controls. Metagenomic analyses indicated that rhizobial inoculation did not significantly disrupt the native rhizosphere bacterial community. These findings highlight the potential of rhizobial strains as effective plant probiotics that enhance tomato productivity while preserving microbial community structure, supporting the integration of microbial biofertilizers into conventional farming systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"13 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12388614/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144961215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate Change Adaptation in Winemaking: Combined Use of Non-<i>Saccharomyces</i> Yeasts to Improve the Quality of Pedro Ximénez Wines.","authors":"Fernando Sánchez-Suárez, Rafael Martínez-García, Rafael A Peinado","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms13081908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13081908","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study evaluates the impact of two non-<i>Saccharomyces</i> yeasts, <i>Lachancea thermotolerans</i> and <i>Metschnikowia pulcherrima</i>, on the oenological and sensory characteristics of Pedro Ximénez (PX) white wines produced in warm regions of southern Spain. PX wines are particularly affected by climate change, often exhibiting low acidity and limited aromatic complexity. Fermentations were performed using pure and sequential cultures of these yeasts and compared to a control inoculated with <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>. Wines fermented with <i>L. thermotolerans</i> showed increased titratable acidity (up to 6.83 g/L), reduced pH (down to 3.02), and higher lactic acid concentrations, contributing to improved freshness and microbial stability. The use of <i>M. pulcherrima</i> led to a significant rise in ester production, enhancing fruity and floral aromatic notes. Sequential fermentation using both yeasts produced wines with the highest overall aromatic complexity and superior performance in sensory evaluations. These findings support the use of <i>L. thermotolerans</i> and <i>M. pulcherrima</i> as a promising biotechnological strategy to improve white wine quality under climate change conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"13 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12388478/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144961226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}