Microorganisms最新文献

{"title":"UV-C Exposure Enhanced the Cd²⁺ Adsorption Capability of the Radiation-Resistant Strain <i>Sphingomonas</i> sp. M1-B02.","authors":"Yunshi Li, Haoyuan Niu, Shuang Li, Ming Yue, Gaosen Zhang","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms12122620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12122620","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microbial adsorption is a cost-effective and environmentally friendly remediation method for heavy metal pollution. The adsorption mechanism of cadmium (Cd) by bacteria inhabiting extreme environments is largely unexplored. This study describes the biosorption of Cd²⁺ by <i>Sphingomonas</i> sp. M1-B02, which was isolated from the moraine on the north slope of Mount Everest and has a good potential for biosorption. The difference in Cd²⁺ adsorption of the strain after UV irradiation stimulation indicated that the adsorption reached 68.90% in 24 h, but the adsorption after UV irradiation increased to 80.56%. The genome of strain M1-B02 contained antioxidant genes such as <i>mutL</i>, <i>recA</i>, <i>recO</i>, and heavy metal repair genes such as RS14805, <i>apaG</i>, <i>chrA</i>. Hydroxyl, nitro, and etceteras bonds on the bacterial surface were involved in Cd²⁺ adsorption through complexation reactions. The metabolites of the strains were significantly different after 24 h of Cd²⁺ stress, with pyocyanin, L-proline, hypoxanthine, etc., being downregulated and presumably involved in Cd²⁺ biosorption and upregulated after UV-C irradiation, which may explain the increase in Cd²⁺ adsorption capacity of the strain after UV-C irradiation, while the strain improved the metabolism of the antioxidant metabolite carnosine, indirectly increasing the adsorption capacity of the strains for Cd²⁺.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"12 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11678681/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142951746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"West Nile Virus: An Update Focusing on Southern Europe.","authors":"Lara Carrasco, Maria Jose Utrilla, Beatriz Fuentes-Romero, Aitor Fernandez-Novo, Barbara Martin-Maldonado","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms12122623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12122623","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>West Nile Virus (WNV) is a zoonotic, vector-borne pathogen affecting humans and animals, particularly in Europe. The virus is primarily transmitted through mosquitoes that infect birds, which serve as the main reservoirs. Humans and horses are incidental hosts. This review focuses on the epidemiology of WNV in southern Europe, particularly its increasing prevalence. Methods included an extensive literature review and analysis of recent outbreaks. WNV is largely asymptomatic in humans, but a small percentage can develop West Nile neuroinvasive disease (WNND), leading to severe neurological symptoms and fatalities. Horses can also suffer from neurological complications, with high mortality rates. Climate change, migratory birds, and mosquito population dynamics contribute to the virus spread across Europe. Control efforts focus on vector management, and while vaccines are available for horses, none has been approved for humans. Surveillance, particularly of bird and mosquito populations, and further research into the virus molecular structure are crucial for understanding and mitigating future outbreaks.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"12 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11677777/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142951230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiac Damage in Patients Infected with Different SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern.","authors":"Francesco Robert Burkert, Martina Oberhollenzer, Daniela Kresse, Sarah Niederreiter, Vera Filippi, Lukas Lanser, Günter Weiss, Rosa Bellmann-Weiler","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms12122617","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12122617","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Coronavirus Disease 2019 causes significant morbidity, and different variants of concern (VOCs) can impact organ systems differently. We conducted a single-center retrospective cohort analysis comparing biomarkers and clinical outcomes in hospitalized patients infected with the wild-type or Alpha (wt/Alpha) VOC against patients infected with the Omicron VOC. We included 428 patients infected with the wt/Alpha VOC and 117 patients infected with the Omicron VOC. The Omicron cohort had higher maximal median high-sensitivity Troponin-T (hs-TnT) levels (wt/Alpha: 12.8 ng/L, IQR 6.6-29.5 vs. Omicron: 27.8 ng/L, IQR 13.7-54.0; <i>p</i> < 0.001) and N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) (wt/Alpha: 256 ng/L, IQR 74.5-913.5 vs. Omicron: 825 ng/L, IQR 168-2759; <i>p</i> < 0.001) levels. This remained true for patients under 65 years of age and without pre-existing cardiovascular disease (hs-TnT (wt/Alpha: 6.1 ng/L, IQR 2.5-10.25 vs. Omicron: 8.6 ng/L, IQR 6.2-15.7; <i>p</i> = 0.007) and NT-proBNP (wt/Alpha: 63 ng/L, IQR 25-223.75 vs. Omicron: 158 ng/L, IQR 75.5-299.5; <i>p</i> = 0.006)). In-hospital mortality was similar between the two groups (wt/Alpha: 53 or 12.7% vs. Omicron: 9 or 7.7%; <i>p</i> = 0.132) and more patients infected with wt/Alpha VOC required intensive care admission (wt/Alpha: 93 or 22.2% vs. Omicron: 14 or 12%; <i>p</i> = 0.014). Increased cardiac biomarkers were correlated with a higher risk of mortality and ICU admission in both groups. Herein, we detected higher levels of cardiac biomarkers in hospitalized patients infected with the Omicron VOC when compared to wt/Alpha, being indicative of higher cardiac involvement. Although hs-TnT and NT-proBNP levels were higher in the Omicron cohort and both markers were linked to in hospital mortality in both groups, the mortality rates were similar.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"12 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11676750/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142951547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of Composite Microbial Products for Managing Pine Wilt Disease in Infected Wood Stumps.","authors":"Yanzhi Yuan, Yanna Wang, Yong Li, Laifa Wang, Lu Yu, Jian Hu, Xiangchen Cheng, Shan Han, Xizhuo Wang","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms12122621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12122621","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Wood-decay fungi, including white- and brown-decay fungi, are well known for their ability to degrade lignin and cellulose, respectively. The combined use of these fungi can increase the decomposition of woody substrates. Research has indicated that these fungi also exhibit inhibitory effects against <i>Bursaphelenchus xylophilus</i>, the causative agent of pine wilt disease (PWD). In this study, we investigated a composite microbial formulation that efficiently decomposes pine wood while inhibiting <i>B. xylophilus</i>. We initially established a correlation between the degradation rate of wood blocks and fungal biomass, underscoring the necessity of optimizing biomass for effective treatment. A systematic approach involving a one-way test, a Plackett-Burman design, a steepest ascent experiment, and a Box-Behnken design, was employed to optimize the fermentation process. Validation trials were conducted in a 10-L fermenter. The bioagent's efficacy and safety were assessed through field applications in a forest, with a focus on wood degradation capacity and <i>B. xylophilus</i> mortality rate. Additionally, the environmental impact of the microbial products was evaluated by analysing soil quality around treated areas to ensure that the formulation did not adversely affect soil health.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"12 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11677561/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142951583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chronic Kidney Disease and Infection Risk: A Lower Incidence of Peritonsillar Abscesses in Specific CKD Subgroups in a 16-Year Korean Nationwide Cohort Study.","authors":"Mi Jung Kwon, Ho Suk Kang, Joo-Hee Kim, Ji Hee Kim, Woo Jin Bang, Dae Myoung Yoo, Na-Eun Lee, Kyeong Min Han, Nan Young Kim, Hyo Geun Choi, Min-Jeong Kim, Eun Soo Kim","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms12122614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12122614","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Peritonsillar abscesses and deep neck infection are potentially serious infections among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), posing risks for severe complications and drawing significant public health concern. This nationwide, population-based longitudinal study (2002-2019) assessed the extended relationship between chronic kidney disease (CKD) and the likelihood of peritonsillar abscess and deep neck infection in a Korean cohort. Using a 1:4 propensity score overlap-weighted matching, we included 16,879 individuals with CKD and 67,516 comparable controls, accounting for demographic variables and comorbidities to ensure balanced group comparisons. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for deep neck infection and peritonsillar abscesses in relation to CKD history were calculated with a propensity score overlap-weighted Cox proportional hazards model. Our results revealed no significant increase in the overall incidence of deep neck infections or peritonsillar abscesses in CKD patients compared to controls. Interestingly, CKD patients demonstrated a 50% reduced likelihood of developing peritonsillar abscesses (HR 0.50; 95% CI = 0.30-0.83; <i>p</i> = 0.007), particularly among subgroups aged 70 years or older, females, non-smokers, rural residents, overweight individuals, and those with lower comorbidity burdens (e.g., absence of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, or hyperglycemia). In summary, the results suggest that lifestyle modifications and the effective management of comorbidities could reduce the risk of peritonsillar abscess in certain CKD subgroups. Our findings may help to alleviate public health concerns regarding peritonsillar abscesses and deep neck infections as CKD-related comorbidities.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"12 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11679683/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142951557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of Effective Medical Countermeasures Against the Main Biowarfare Agents: The Importance of Antibodies.","authors":"Arnaud Avril, Sophie Guillier, Christine Rasetti-Escargueil","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms12122622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12122622","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The COVID-19 and mpox crisis has reminded the world of the potentially catastrophic consequences of biological agents. Aside from the natural risk, biological agents can also be weaponized or used for bioterrorism. Dissemination in a population or among livestock could be used to destabilize a nation by creating a climate of terror, by negatively impacting the economy and undermining institutions. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) classify biological agents into three categories (A or Tier 1, B and C) according to the risk they pose to the public and national security. Category A or Tier 1 consists of the six pathogens with the highest risk to the population (<i>Bacillus anthracis</i>, <i>Yersinia pestis</i>, <i>Francisella tularensis</i>, botulinum neurotoxins, smallpox and viral hemorrhagic fevers). Several medical countermeasures, such as vaccines, antibodies and chemical drugs, have been developed to prevent or cure the diseases induced by these pathogens. This review presents an overview of the primary medical countermeasures, and in particular, of the antibodies available against the six pathogens on the CDC's Tier 1 agents list, as well as against ricin.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"12 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11677989/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142951660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Analysis of Bread Quality Using Yeast Strains from Alcoholic Beverage Production.","authors":"Anqi Chen, Chenwei Pan, Jian Chen","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms12122609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12122609","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The impact of yeast strain selection on bread quality was evaluated using a range of commercial <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> strains, typically employed in various alcoholic beverage productions, to determine their effectiveness in bread making. The final products made from these strains were compared to bread produced using the commercial baker's strain <i>S. cerevisiae</i> ACY298. Key parameters, including specific volume, hardness, pH, residual sugars, and organic acids, were thoroughly assessed. Among the strains tested, <i>S. cerevisiae</i> ACY158 produced bread with a specific volume of 5.0 cm³/g and a Euclidean distance of 0.895, closely resembling ACY298. In contrast, <i>S. cerevisiae</i> ACY9, with a specific volume of 1.1 cm³/g and the highest Euclidean distance of 6.878, exhibited the greatest deviation from ACY298, suggesting it may be less suitable for traditional bread production. Furthermore, ACY158 displayed a balanced organic acid profile and minimal residual sugars, aligning well with consumer expectations for bread flavor and texture. These results underscore that certain alternative <i>S. cerevisiae</i> strains have the potential to match or exceed the performance of commercial baker's yeast, offering opportunities to optimize bread quality and diversify industrial baking practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"12 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11676879/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142951593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacterial Community Structure and Environmental Driving Factors in the Surface Sediments of Six Mangrove Sites from Guangxi, China.","authors":"Ying Liu, Songze Chen, Jinyu Liang, Jingjing Song, Yue Sun, Riquan Liao, Mingzhong Liang, Hongming Cao, Xiuhao Chen, Yuxia Wu, Liting Bei, Yuting Pan, Baishu Yan, Yunru Li, Yun Tao, Rongping Bu, Bin Gong","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms12122607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12122607","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mangroves, as blue carbon reservoirs, provide a unique habitat for supporting a variety of microorganisms. Among these, bacteria play crucial roles in the biogeochemical processes of mangrove sediments. However, little is known about their community composition, spatial distribution patterns, and environmental driving factors, particularly across the large geographical scales of mangrove wetlands. In this study, the composition and spatial distribution of the bacterial community structure and its response to fifteen physicochemical parameters (including temperature, pH, salinity, moisture, clay, silt, sand, organic carbon (OC), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), inorganic phosphorus (IP), organic phosphorus (OP), δ¹³C, δ¹⁵N, and carbon/nitrogen ratio (C/N ratio)) were characterized in 32 sampling locations of six different mangrove habitats from Guangxi, China, applying 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing technology and correlation analysis. Our results indicated that the spatial distribution patterns in bacterial communities were significantly different among the six different mangrove sites, as evidenced by NMDS (non-metric multidimensional scaling), ANOSIM (analysis of similarity), and LDA (linear discriminant analysis) analysis. Composition analysis of bacterial communities showed that overall, Chloroflexi (8.3-31.6%), Proteobacteria (13.6-30.1%), Bacteroidota (5.0-24.6%), and Desulfobacterota (3.8-24.0%) were the most abundant bacterial phyla in the mangrove surface sediments. Redundancy analysis (RDA) further highlighted that salinity, δ¹³C, temperature, δ¹⁵N, and silt were the most critical environmental variables influencing the composition of bacterial communities across the whole mangrove samples. Notably, Chloroflexi, one of the most abundant bacterial phyla in the mangrove wetlands, displayed a significantly positive correlation with OC and a negative correlation with δ¹³C, suggesting its essential role in the degradation of terrestrial-derived organic carbon. These findings support the current understanding of the roles of the bacterial communities and their interactions with environmental factors in diverse mangrove ecosystems.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"12 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11678403/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142951521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Depression Treatment: Is There a Role for Botulinum Toxin Type A?","authors":"Carmen Rodríguez-Cerdeira, Westley Eckhardt","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms12122615","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12122615","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to determine whether botulinum toxin type A injected into the muscles of the upper third of the face has antidepressant effects in patients diagnosed with depression. Studies seeking a relationship between botulinum toxin type A and its antidepressant effects were considered in this review. All studies concluded that the facial expression muscles present positive feedback to the brain and enhance mood states. Botulinum toxin when applied to the corrugator and procerus muscles has an antidepressant effect.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"12 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11677039/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142951459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Susceptibility Patterns in Clinical Isolates of <i>Mycobacterium avium</i> Complex from a Hospital in Southern Spain.","authors":"Adrián González Martínez, María Aguilera, María Tarriño, Ana Alberola, Juan Antonio Reguera, Antonio Sampedro, Jose María Navarro, Javier Rodríguez Granger","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms12122613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12122613","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The incidence of infections caused by the <i>Mycobacterium avium</i> complex (MAC) has risen significantly, posing diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. This study analyzed 134 clinical isolates of the <i>Mycobacterium avium</i> complex from southern Spain, performing in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing using a commercial microdilution technique to generate additional data, refine treatment strategies, and improve patient outcomes. Phenotypic susceptibility testing revealed clarithromycin and amikacin as the most effective antibiotics, with susceptibility rates exceeding 90%, while linezolid and moxifloxacin exhibited limited activity, with resistance rates of 49.3% and 41.8%. A comparative analysis between <i>M. avium</i> and <i>M. intracellulare</i> showed significant differences in resistance to amikacin and linezolid, with <i>M. avium</i> exhibiting higher resistance rates. Additionally, species-specific differences were observed in MIC distributions for ethionamide, ciprofloxacin, and streptomycin. Our data reveal regional variability in resistance patterns, particularly for moxifloxacin and linezolid, which exhibit differing resistance rates compared to studies from other regions. The significant MIC differences for several antibiotics between <i>M. avium</i> and <i>M. intracellulare</i> underscore the importance of species-level identification and the heterogeneity in resistance mechanisms within MAC.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"12 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11679255/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142951628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}