Microorganisms最新文献

{"title":"Intergenerational Transmission of Gut Microbiome from Infected and Non-Infected <i>Salmonella pullorum</i> Hens.","authors":"Qing Niu, Kaixuan Yang, Zhenxiang Zhou, Qizhong Huang, Junliang Wang","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms13030640","DOIUrl":"10.3390/microorganisms13030640","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pullorum disease (PD) is one of the common infectious diseases in the poultry industry in the world. Our previous study showed that gut bacterial structure has a significant difference between positive and negative hens. However, the gut bacterial basis of intergenerational transmission of PD continues to elude a scientific explanation. The present study carried out fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in chicks of a negative group, then fecal samples of the chicks in the control team (CT), <i>Salmonella pullorum</i> (<i>S. pullorum</i>)-negative transplantation team (PN) and <i>S. pullorum</i>-positive transplantation team (PP) were separately collected to be analyzed for microbial structure and prediction functions. Microbial diversity results revealed that there was a large difference in the gut microbiota of these three groups. <i>Prevotella</i> and <i>Parasutterella</i> with higher abundance in PN (<i>p</i> < 0.05) were transplanted from gut bacteria of <i>S. pullorum</i>-negative hens. Furthermore, the differences of the most major microbial functions (top 100) were similar in hens and chicks, including a pentose phosphate pathway and oxidative phosphorylation. The data provided a reference for exploring the intergenerational transmission and genetic mechanisms of gut microbiota associated with <i>S. pullorum</i> in poultry, as well as a theoretical basis for improving intestinal health through the rational regulation of microbiota-host interactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"13 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11946299/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143720323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbial Metabolic Limitations and Their Relationships with Sediment Organic Carbon Across Lake Salinity Gradient in Tibetan Plateau.","authors":"Weizhen Zhang, Jianjun Wang, Yun Li, Chao Song, Yongqiang Zhou, Xianqiang Meng, Ruirui Chen","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms13030629","DOIUrl":"10.3390/microorganisms13030629","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Inland lakes, contributing substantially to the global storage of sediment organic carbon (SOC), are subject to marked changes in salinity due to climate warming. The imbalance in the supply of resources, such as carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus, in sediments leads to microbial metabolic limitations (MMLs). This, in turn, triggers the secretion of extracellular enzymes by microorganisms to mine for deficient resources by decomposing complex organic carbon. This process is a rate-limiting step in the degradation of organic carbon and, as a result, has the potential to regulate organic carbon stocks. However, the general understanding of MML patterns and their relationships with SOC content along lake salinity gradients remains elusive. This study examined 25 lakes on the Tibetan Plateau with salinity ranging from 0.13‱ to 31.06‱, analyzing MMLs through enzymatic stoichiometry. The results showed that sediment microbial metabolism was mainly limited by carbon and nitrogen, with stronger limitations at higher salinity. Water salinity and sediment pH were the main factors influencing microbial limitations, either directly or indirectly, through their effects on nutrients and microbial diversity. Additionally, the SOC content was negatively correlated with microbial carbon limitation, a relationship weakened when salinity and pH were controlled. These findings suggest that the decrease in SOC with increased salinity or pH could be driven by stronger microbial carbon limitations, offering insights into the impact of salinity changes on SOC stocks in inland lakes due to climate change.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"13 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11945249/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143720506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacterial Adhesion on Soft Surfaces: The Dual Role of Substrate Stiffness and Bacterial Growth Stage.","authors":"René Riedel, Garima Rani, Anupam Sengupta","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms13030637","DOIUrl":"10.3390/microorganisms13030637","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The surface adhesion and stiffness of underlying substrates mediate the geometry, mechanics, and self-organization of expanding bacterial colonies. Recent studies have qualitatively indicted that stiffness may impact bacterial attachment and accumulation, yet the variation in the cell-to-surface adhesion with substrate stiffness remains to be quantified. Here, by developing a cell-level force-distance spectroscopy (FDS) technique based on atomic force microscopy (AFM), we simultaneously quantify the cell-surface adhesion and stiffness of the underlying substrates to reveal the stiffness-dependent adhesion of the phototrophic bacterium <i>Chromatium okenii</i>. As the stiffness of the soft substrate, modeled using a low-melting-point (LMP) agarose pad, was varied between 20 kPa and 120 kPa by changing the agarose concentrations, we observed a progressive increase in the mean adhesion force by over an order of magnitude, from 0.21±0.10 nN to 2.42±1.16 nN. In contrast, passive polystyrene (PS) microparticles of comparable dimensions showed no perceptible change in their surface adhesion, confirming that the stiffness-dependent adhesive interaction of <i>C. okenii</i> is of a biological origin. Furthermore, for <i>Escherichia coli</i>, the cell-surface adhesion varied between 0.29±0.17 nN and 0.39±0.20 nN, showing a weak dependence on the substrate stiffness, thus suggesting that stiffness-modulated adhesion is a species-specific trait. Finally, by quantifying the adhesion of the <i>C. okenii</i> population across different timescales, we reported the emergent co-existence of weak and strongly adherent sub-populations, demonstrating diversification of the adherent phenotypes over the growth stages. Taken together, these findings suggest that bacteria, depending on the species and their physiological stage, may actively modulate cell-to-surface adhesion in response to the stiffness of soft surfaces. While the surface properties, for instance, hydrophobicity (or hydrophilicity), play a key role in mediating bacterial attachment, this work introduces substrate stiffness as a biophysical parameter that could reinforce or suppress effective surface interactions. Our results suggest how bacteria could leverage stiffness-dependent adhesion and the diversity therein as functional traits to modulate their initial attachment to, colonization of, and proliferation on soft substrates during the early stages of biofilm development.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"13 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11945209/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143720366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Co-Inoculation of <i>Trichoderma harzianum</i> and <i>Bradyrhizobium</i> Species Augment the Growth of <i>Schizolobium parahyba</i> var. <i>parahyba</i> (Vell.) Blake Seedlings.","authors":"Natália Cássia de Faria Ferreira, Alcides Gatto, Maria Lucrecia Gerosa Ramos","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms13030630","DOIUrl":"10.3390/microorganisms13030630","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The adoption of \"consortium\" of potential microorganisms can optimize the forest seedling production process. The objective of this study was to evaluate in greenhouse conditions the effect of co-inoculation between <i>Trichoderma harzianum, Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens</i>, and <i>B. elkanni</i> on the growth of <i>Schizolobium parahyba</i> var. <i>parahyba</i> (Vell.) Blake seedlings. The treatments consisted of fungi strains (<i>T. harzianum</i> ESALQ 1306); bacteria strains (<i>B. elkanni</i> (SEMIA 5080) + <i>B. diazoefficiens</i> (SEMIA 587)); consortium (<i>Trichoderma +Bradyrhizobium</i>), and a control treatment. The seeds were sown, and evaluations were carried out 120 days after sowing. The variables analyzed were shoot height (SH), stem diameter (SD), root length (RL), shoot fresh mass (SFM), root fresh mass (RFM), total fresh biomass (TFM), shoot dry mass (SDM), root dry mass (RFM), total dry biomass (BIO), and Dickson quality index (DQI). The evaluated microorganisms proved to be effective in the production of <i>S. parahyba</i> var. <i>parahyba</i>, with emphasis on co-inoculation for growth parameters, promoting an increase in SH (23%), SD (36%), and RL (84%). For mass, non-inoculated seedlings (control) obtained a decrease of 67% (TFM) and 83% (BIO) compared to co-inoculation. The results indicate a promising method in seedling production; the biostimulators allowed the increase in plant development, which led to success in the morphometric indices. The mechanisms involved in the co-inoculation of microorganisms' consortium in promoting the growth of native wood species to allow their production on a large scale in the silvicultural sector are still scarce, and new research is needed to elucidate the physiological and biochemical mechanisms involved.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"13 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11945695/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143719721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Description and Genome-Based Analysis of <i>Vibrio chaetopteri</i> sp. nov., a New Species of the Mediterranei Clade Isolated from a Marine Polychaete.","authors":"Valeriya Kurilenko, Evgenia Bystritskaya, Nadezhda Otstavnykh, Peter Velansky, Darina Lichmanuk, Yulia Savicheva, Lyudmila Romanenko, Marina Isaeva","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms13030638","DOIUrl":"10.3390/microorganisms13030638","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Two novel strains, CB1-14^T and CB2-10, were isolated from the marine polychaetes <i>Chaetopterus cautus</i> from the Sea of Japan. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA sequences revealed that the two strains belong to the genus <i>Vibrio</i>, sharing 98.96% identity with <i>Vibrio hangzhouensis</i> CN 83^T. MLSA using five protein-coding genes (<i>ftsZ, gyrA, gyrB, mreB</i>, and <i>rpoA</i>) showed that CB1-14^T and CB2-10 are closely related to the members of the Mediterranei clade, namely <i>Vibrio mediterranei</i> CECT 621^T, <i>Vibrio barjaei</i> 3062^T, <i>Vibrio thalassae</i> CECT 8203^T, <i>Vibrio hangzhouensis</i> CGMCC 1.7062^T, <i>Vibrio maritimus</i> CAIM 1455^T, and <i>Vibrio variabilis</i> CAIM 1454^T. Based on both MLST neighbor-net phylogenetic network and phylogenomic tree results, they fell into the subclade formed by <i>V. maritimus</i> CAIM 1455^T and <i>V. variabilis</i> CAIM 1454^T. Both new strains CB1-14^T and CB2-10 showed the highest ANI/AAI values of 91.3%/92.7% with <i>V. variabilis</i> CAIM 1454^T and 90.3%/93.1% with <i>V. maritimus</i> CAIM 1455^T. The dDDH values between strain CB1-14^T and the members of the Mediterranei clade ranged from 20.9% to 45.7%. Major fatty acids were C_16:1<i>ω</i>9<i>c</i>, C_16:1<i>ω</i>7<i>c</i>, and C_18:1<i>ω</i>9<i>c</i>, followed by C_16:0 and C_18:1<i>ω</i>7<i>c</i>. The genome of CB1-14^T is 5,591,686 bp in size, with DNA G+C content of 46.1%. It consists of two circular chromosomes (3,497,892 and 1,804,652 bp) and one plasmid (241,015 bp) and comprises 4782 protein-coding genes and 10 <i>rrn</i> operons. The CB1-14^T and CB2-10 genomes were enriched in CAZyme-encoding genes of the following families: GH1, GH3, GH13, GH23, GH43, GH94, PL17, and CE4, indicating the potential to catabolize alginate, xylan, and chitin, common polysaccharides in marine ecosystems. Based on the combined phylogenomic analyses and phenotypic properties, a new species, <i>Vibrio chaetopteri</i> sp. nov., is proposed, with CB1-14^T = (KMM 8419^T = KCTC 92790^T) as the type strain.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"13 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11945961/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143720213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Anode Potential in Electromicrobiology.","authors":"Yanran Li, Yiwu Zong, Chunying Feng, Kun Zhao","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms13030631","DOIUrl":"10.3390/microorganisms13030631","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Electroactive microorganisms are capable of exchanging electrons with electrodes and thus have potential applications in many fields, including bioenergy production, microbial electrochemical synthesis of chemicals, environmental protection, and microbial electrochemical sensors. Due to the limitations of low electron transfer efficiency and poor stability, the application of electroactive microorganisms in industry is still confronted with significant challenges. In recent years, many studies have demonstrated that modulating anode potential is one of the effective strategies to enhance electron transfer efficiency. In this review, we have summarized approximately 100 relevant studies sourced from PubMed and Web of Science over the past two decades. We present the classification of electroactive microorganisms and their electron transfer mechanisms and elucidate the impact of anode potential on the bioelectricity behavior and physiology of electroactive microorganisms. Our review provides a scientific basis for researchers, especially those who are new to this field, to choose suitable anode potential conditions for practical applications to optimize the electron transfer efficiency of electroactive microorganisms, thus contributing to the application of electroactive microorganisms in industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"13 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11945658/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143720299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolutionary Dynamics and Population Genetics of Ash Shoestring-Associated Virus in a European-Wide Survey.","authors":"Sahar Nouri, Susanne von Bargen, Artemis Rumbou, Thomas R Gaskin, Carmen Büttner, Shaheen Nourinejhad Zarghani","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms13030633","DOIUrl":"10.3390/microorganisms13030633","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ash shoestring-associated virus (ASaV; <i>Emaravirus fraxini</i>) is a five-segmented, negative-sense RNA virus associated with chlorosis and leaf deformation in <i>Fraxinus</i> species. This study investigated the genetic diversity and evolutionary dynamics of ASaV by analyzing nearly full-length RNA2-RNA5 and partial RNA1 sequences from isolates collected from different geographic regions and <i>Fraxinus</i> hosts. The sequence data uncovered that ASaV has a conserved genome, in which RNA3 and RNA5 showed more genetic divergence than other segments in the sequenced isolates. ASaV RNA3 and partial RNA1 were the most informative genomic regions for phylogenetic studies. There was a correlation between the clustering of the ASaV isolates and host species when the phylogenetic tree was constructed based on the RNA1 region. The ASaV genome is predominantly under purifying selection. Newly designed primers in this study facilitated robust amplification of genomic regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"13 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11945195/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143720256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interpreting Microbial Species-Area Relationships: Effects of Sequence Data Processing Algorithms and Fitting Models.","authors":"Fu-Liang Qi, Wei Deng, Yi-Ting Cheng, Xiao-Yan Yang, Na Li, Wen Xiao","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms13030635","DOIUrl":"10.3390/microorganisms13030635","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the study of Species-Area Relationships (SARs) in microorganisms, outcome discrepancies primarily stem from divergent high-throughput sequencing data processing algorithms and their combinations with different fitting models. This paper investigates the impacts and underlying causes of using diverse sequence data processing algorithms in microbial SAR studies, as well as compatibility issues that arise between different algorithms and fitting models. The findings indicate that the balancing strategies employed by different algorithms can result in variations in the calculations of alpha and beta diversity, thereby influencing the SARs of microorganisms. Crucially, incompatibilities exist between algorithms and models, with no consistently optimal combination identified. Based on these insights, we recommend prioritizing the use of the DADA2 algorithm in conjunction with a power model, which demonstrates greater compatibility. This study serves as a comprehensive comparison and reference for fundamental methods in microbial SAR research. Future microbial SAR studies should carefully select the most appropriate algorithms and models based on specific research objectives and data structures.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"13 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11944932/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143720403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Low-Temperature-Active Pectate Lyase from a Marine Bacterium for Orange Juice Clarification.","authors":"Yujing Bai, Jin Wang, Yongliang Yan, Yuhua Zhan, Zhengfu Zhou, Min Lin","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms13030634","DOIUrl":"10.3390/microorganisms13030634","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cold-adapted pectin lyases are particularly useful in the extraction and clarification of freshly squeezed fruit juices at low temperatures, as they effectively reduce juice viscosity and improve light transmittance. With the increasing attention on low-temperature pectinase in industrial applications, the exploration of low-temperature pectinase with novel characteristics has become one of the key focuses of research and development. In this study, a 1026 bp gene, <i>pel1Ba</i>, encoding a 42.7 kDa pectin lyase, was cloned from sediment samples collected from the South China Sea and heterologously expressed in <i>Escherichia coli.</i> The purified Pel1Ba exhibited an optimal temperature of 40 °C and an optimal pH of 10, with a total enzyme activity of 5100 U/mL. Notably, Pel1Ba is a cold-adapted enzyme that retains 80% of its relative activity across the temperature range of 0-40 °C. When 20 U/mL purified Pel1Ba was added to orange juice, the juice volume increased by 43.00% and its clarity improved by 37.80%. Meanwhile, site-directed mutagenesis analysis revealed that the residual enzyme activities of the mutants A230I, F253I, and L292I were increased by 22.5%, 34.4%, and 25.1%, respectively, compared to the wild type. This study concludes that the cold-active pectate lyase Pel1Ba exhibits potential for applications in the food industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"13 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11944935/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143720235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extracellular Vesicles in Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukaryotes: Mechanisms of Inter-Kingdom Communication and Clinical Implications.","authors":"Maria Di Naro, Giulio Petronio Petronio, Farwa Mukhtar, Marco Alfio Cutuli, Irene Magnifico, Marilina Falcone, Natasha Brancazio, Antonio Guarnieri, Roberto Di Marco, Daria Nicolosi","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms13030636","DOIUrl":"10.3390/microorganisms13030636","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Living organisms must adapt and communicate effectively in their environment to survive. Cells communicate through various mechanisms, including releasing growth factors, chemokines, small bioactive molecules, and cell-cell contact. In recent years, a new and sophisticated cell communication mechanism based on extracellular vesicles (EVs) has been described in all three domains of life: archaea, bacteria, and eukaryotes. EVs are small, bilayer proteolipid vesicles released by cells into the extracellular space. This review aims to analyze and compare the current literature on bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryotic EVs and their possible clinical applications. This framework will address three key points: (a) The role of EVs in bacteria, eukaryotes, and archaea. (b) What is the impact of EVs in archaea on disease?</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"13 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11944275/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143720265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}