Microorganisms最新文献

{"title":"<i>Haemophilus influenzae</i> Invasive Infections in Children in Vaccine Era: Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization Tunis, Tunisia.","authors":"Yasmine Chelbi, Khaoula Meftah, Ala-Eddine Deghmane, Samar Mhimdi, Firas Aloui, Aida Bouafsoun, Eva Hong, Khaled Menif, Khadija Boussetta, Monia Khemiri, Samir Boukthir, Mehdi Trifa, Said Jlidi, Riadh Jouini, Zohra Fitouri, Mohamed-Nabil Nessib, Muhamed-Kheir Taha, Hanen Smaoui","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms12122666","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12122666","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The changing epidemiological profile of invasive <i>Haemophilus influenzae</i> infections (IIHi) is noted in the post-vaccination era. The aim of this study was to characterize phenotypically and genotypically invasive <i>Haemophilus influenzae</i> (Hi) isolates detected in Tunisian pediatric patients. A retrospective study was conducted in the microbiology laboratory of the Children's Hospital of Tunis over ten years (2013-2023). All IIHi cases were included. Molecular identification and serotyping were conducted through qPCR. Molecular typing and analysis of resistance genes were extracted from whole genome sequencing data. Fifty-three IIHi cases were collected. Children under five years old were the most affected (81%). Non-typable isolates (NTHi) were predominant (79%) followed by serotype b (17%) and serotype a (4%). Genetic diversity was observed, essentially among NTHi isolates. Resistance of Hi isolates to ampicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and cefotaxime (CTX) were 42%, 20% and 4%, respectively. Thirteen isolates (29%) produced a beta-lactamase and 14 carried the <i>blaTEM-1</i> gene (kappa = 0.95). For non-enzymatic resistance, group 3 (n = 12) showed resistance to ampicillin. Groupe 4 (n = 9, NTHi) showed discordances with resistance to CTX. The emergence of resistance to CTX is concerning. Continuous surveillance through molecular tools in conjunction with phenotypic and clinical data is necessary to ensure better management of these infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"12 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142979188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Vitro Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Ethyl Acetate Extracts of <i>Ziziphus lotus</i> Leaves and Five Associated Endophytic Fungi.","authors":"Amel Ghazi-Yaker, Bart Kraak, Jos Houbraken, El-Hafid Nabti, Cristina Cruz, Noria Saadoun, Karim Houali","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms12122671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12122671","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The exploration of new pharmacological compounds from endophytic fungi offers infinite possibilities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial and antioxidant activities of extracts from the leaves of <i>Ziziphus lotus</i> and five of its endophytic fungi and investigate the chemical diversity of the secondary metabolites produced. Isolated, purified, and molecularly identified endophytes and plant leaves were subjected to ethyl acetate extraction. The antibacterial potential of the extracts was assessed by the disc diffusion method against five bacterial strains: <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> ATCC 25923; <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> MU50; <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> WDCM00009; <i>Escherichia coli</i> ATCC 25922; and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> ATCC 27853. DPPH and reducing power tests were performed to assess antioxidant potential. GC-MS analysis was used to identify volatile compounds in extracts. Fungal endophytes were identified as <i>Aspergillus cavernicola</i>, <i>Aspergillus persii</i>, <i>Alternaria alternata</i>, <i>Cladosporium asperlatum,</i> and <i>Fusarium incarnatum-equiseti complex</i>, with respective accession numbers DTO 412-G6, DTO 412-I5, DTO 413-E7, DTO 412-G4, and DTO 414-I2. GC-MS analysis revealed a large number of bioactive compounds. All extracts showed antibacterial activity against at least two of the bacteria tested, and most showed antioxidant activity. The <i>Aspergillus cavernicola</i> extract stood out for its higher phenolic content and higher antioxidant and antibacterial activities in all tests.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"12 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142979198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Oral Care Product Ingredients on Oral Pathogenic Bacteria Transcriptomics Through RNA-Seq.","authors":"Ping Hu, Sancai Xie, Baochen Shi, Cheryl S Tansky, Benjamin Circello, Paul A Sagel, Eva Schneiderman, Aaron R Biesbrock","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms12122668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12122668","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Various ingredients are utilized to inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria associated with cavities, gum disease, and bad breath. However, the precise mechanisms by which these ingredients affect the oral microbiome have not been fully understood at the molecular level. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms, a high-throughput bacterial transcriptomics study was conducted, and the gene expression profiles of six common oral bacteria, including two Gram-positive bacteria (<i>Actinomyces viscosus</i>, <i>Streptococcus mutans</i>) and four Gram-negative bacteria (<i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i>, <i>Tannerella forsythia</i>, <i>Fusobacterium nucleatum</i>, and <i>Prevotella pallens</i>), were analyzed. The bacteria were exposed to nine common ingredients in toothpaste and mouthwash at different concentrations (stannous fluoride, stannous chloride, arginine bicarbonate, cetylpyridinium chloride, sodium monofluorophosphate, sodium fluoride, potassium nitrate, zinc phosphate, and hydrogen peroxide). Across 78 ingredient-microorganism pairs with 360 treatment-control combinations, significant and reproducible ingredient-based transcriptional response profiles were observed, providing valuable insights into the effects of these ingredients on the oral microbiome at the molecular level. This research shows that oral care product ingredients applied at biologically relevant concentrations manifest differential effects on the transcriptomics of bacterial genes in a variety of oral periodontal pathogenic bacteria. Stannous fluoride, stannous chloride, and cetylpyridinium chloride showed the most robust efficacy in inhibiting the growth or gene expression of various bacteria and pathogenic pathways. Combining multiple ingredients targeting different mechanisms might be more efficient than single ingredients in complex oral microbiomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"12 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142979243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Campylobacter jejuni</i>/<i>coli</i> Infection: Is It Still a Concern?","authors":"Piero Veronese, Icilio Dodi","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms12122669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12122669","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Campylobacteriosis is a leading cause of infectious diarrhea and foodborne illness worldwide. <i>Campylobacter</i> infection is primarily transmitted through the consumption of contaminated food, especially uncooked meat, or untreated water; contact with infected animals or contaminated environments; poultry is the primary reservoir and source of human transmission. The clinical spectrum of <i>Campylobacter jejuni</i>/<i>coli</i> infection can be classified into two distinct categories: gastrointestinal and extraintestinal manifestations. Late complications are reactive arthritis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, and Miller Fisher syndrome. In the pediatric population, the 0-4 age group has the highest incidence of campylobacteriosis. Regarding the use of specific antimicrobial therapy, international guidelines agree in recommending it for severe intestinal infections. Host factors, including malnutrition, immunodeficiency, and malignancy, can also influence the decision to treat. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has identified antibiotic resistance in <i>Campylobacter</i> as a 'significant public health threat' due to increasing resistance to FQs or macrolides. Although numerous vaccines have been proposed in recent years to reduce the intestinal colonization of poultry, none have shown sufficient efficacy to provide a definitive solution.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"12 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142979186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gram Negative Biofilms: Structural and Functional Responses to Destruction by Antibiotic-Loaded Mixed Polymeric Micelles.","authors":"Tsvetozara Damyanova, Rumena Stancheva, Milena N Leseva, Petya A Dimitrova, Tsvetelina Paunova-Krasteva, Dayana Borisova, Katya Kamenova, Petar D Petrov, Ralitsa Veleva, Ivelina Zhivkova, Tanya Topouzova-Hristova, Emi Haladjova, Stoyanka Stoitsova","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms12122670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12122670","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Biofilms are a well-known multifactorial virulence factor with a pivotal role in chronic bacterial infections. Their pathogenicity is determined by the combination of strain-specific mechanisms of virulence and the biofilm extracellular matrix (ECM) protecting the bacteria from the host immune defense and the action of antibacterials. The successful antibiofilm agents should combine antibacterial activity and good biocompatibility with the capacity to penetrate through the ECM. The objective of the study is the elaboration of biofilm-ECM-destructive drug delivery systems: mixed polymeric micelles (MPMs) based on a cationic poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate)-b-poly(ε-caprolactone)-b-poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA₃₅-b-PCL₇₀-b-PDMAEMA₃₅) and a non-ionic poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(propylene oxide)-b-poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO₁₀₀-b-PPO₆₅-b-PEO₁₀₀) triblock copolymers, loaded with ciprofloxacin or azithromycin. The MPMs were applied on 24 h pre-formed biofilms of <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (laboratory strains and clinical isolates). The results showed that the MPMs were able to destruct the biofilms, and the viability experiments supported drug delivery. The biofilm response to the MPMs loaded with the two antibiotics revealed two distinct patterns of action. These were registered on the level of both bacterial cell-structural alterations (demonstrated by scanning electron microscopy) and the interaction with host tissues (ex vivo biofilm infection model on skin samples with tests on nitric oxide and interleukin (IL)-17A production).</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"12 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142979111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics of the Stool, Blood and Skin Microbiome in Rosacea Patients.","authors":"Marie Isolde Joura, Antal Jobbágy, Zsuzsanna A Dunai, Nóra Makra, András Bánvölgyi, Norbert Kiss, Miklós Sárdy, Sarolta Eszter Sándor, Péter Holló, Eszter Ostorházi","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms12122667","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12122667","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Several research groups have confirmed that in the pathogenesis of the chronic inflammatory skin disorder rosacea, the composition of the skin and fecal microbiome of affected patients differs from that of healthy individuals. We studied the stool, blood and skin microbiomes of rosacea and control patients using 16S rRNA sequencing. Our goals were to determine 1. whether the microbiome characteristics of rosacea patients differ from that of healthy individuals, 2. whether the change experienced on the skin can be confirmed by alterations in the stool microbiome through the mediation of the blood and 3. whether the metabolic activity of the changed skin, blood or fecal microbiome can play a role in the pathogenesis of rosacea. The rosacea skin microbiome differed significantly from the healthy skin microbiome in both alpha and beta diversity, as well as in the abundance of the genera. Only a few genera abundances differed significantly in stool and blood samples. The most significant representatives of the rosacea skin microbiome, <i>Staphylococcus</i>, <i>Cutibacterium</i>, <i>Corynebacterium</i> and <i>Neisseria</i>, cannot be derived from the feces or blood. The metabolic pathways associated with healthy fecal microbiome contributed to the production of anti-inflammatory short-chain fatty acids. While the increased production of adenosylcobalamin, L-isoleucine and thiazole by the microbiome of healthy skin appeared to have a protective effect, the excessive heme and H₂S production experienced in rosacea skin likely contribute to the deterioration of the pathology.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"12 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142978900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation of Geographic Variables with the Incidence Rate of Dengue Fever in Mexico: A 38-Year Study.","authors":"Porfirio Felipe Hernández Bautista, David Alejandro Cabrera Gaytán, Alfonso Vallejos Parás, Olga María Alejo Martínez, Lumumba Arriaga Nieto, Brenda Leticia Rocha Reyes, Carmen Alicia Ruíz Valdez, Leticia Jaimes Betancourt, Gabriel Valle Alvarado, Yadira Pérez Andrade, Alejandro Moctezuma Paz","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms12122661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12122661","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dengue is a viral disease transmitted by the mosquitoes <i>Aedes</i>, which is characterized by fever, myalgia and arthralgia. In some cases, it can be fatal. For many years, dengue fever has been endemic to Mexico; however, few studies have investigated the historical and current extents of dengue fever at the national level or considered the effects of variables such as temperature, precipitation and elevation on its occurrence.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An ecological study was carried out to compare the incidence rates of different types of dengue fever per hundred thousand inhabitants with temperature, precipitation and elevation between 1985 and 2023 in Mexico. The sources of information were the public records of the Ministry of Health and the National Meteorological Service. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed with Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients at an alpha of <0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The global linear regression presented an R² of 0.68 between the mean temperature and the cases of haemorrhagic dengue/severe/with warning signs. The degree of rainfall was not strongly correlated with the incidence rate, except in the eastern part of the country, where average temperature was also strongly correlated with the incidence rate. Nonsevere/classic dengue was most common from 1501 to 2000 m elevation, whereas severe forms of the disease were more prevalent at elevations greater than 2000 m.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"12 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142979074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification, Characterization, and Ultrastructure Analysis of the Phenol-Degrading <i>Rhodococcus erythropolis</i> 7Ba and Its Viable but Nonculturable Forms.","authors":"Valentina N Polivtseva, Anton N Zvonarev, Olesya I Sazonova, Yanina A Delegan, Yulia N Kocharovskaya, Alexander G Bogun, Nataliya E Suzina","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms12122662","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12122662","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Phenol and its chlorinated derivatives are introduced into the environment with wastewater effluents from various industries, becoming toxic pollutants. Phenol-degrading bacteria are important objects of research; among them, representatives of the genus <i>Rhodoccocus</i> are often highlighted as promising. Strain 7Ba was isolated by enrichment culture. A new isolate was characterized using culturing, biochemistry, high-throughput sequencing, microscopy (including electron microscopy), and functional genome analysis. <i>Rhodococcus erythropolis</i> strain 7Ba is able to grow on phenol and chlorophenols without losing its properties during long-term storage. It was shown that strain 7Ba is able to form viable but nonculturable (VBNC) forms during long-term storage under nutrient limitation, preserving both cell viability and the ability to degrade phenols. The ultrastructural organization of the vegetative forms of cells and VBNC forms was characterized. The following distinctive features were found: modifications (thickening) of cell membranes, cell size reduction, nucleoid condensation. Functional analysis of the genome showed the presence of genes for the degradation of alkanes, and two branches of the β-ketoadipate pathway for the degradation of aromatic compounds. Also, the genome of strain 7Ba contains several copies of Rpf (resuscitation promoting factor) genes, a resuscitation factor of resting bacterial forms. The new isolate strain 7Ba is a promising biotechnological agent that can not only utilize toxic aromatic compounds but also remain viable during long-term storage. For this reason, its further application as an agent for bioremediation can be successful under changing conditions of climate and given the deficiency of nutrient compounds in nature. Minor biostimulation will allow the strain to recover its metabolic activity and effectively degrade pollution.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"12 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142979197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptome Analysis of the Harmful Dinoflagellate <i>Heterocapsa bohaiensis</i> Under Varied Nutrient Stress Conditions.","authors":"Peng Peng, Fangxin Han, Xue Gong, Xiangyuan Guo, Ying Su, Yiwen Zhang, Jingjing Zhan","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms12122665","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12122665","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The increasing prevalence of harmful algal blooms (HABs) driven by eutrophication, particularly in China's nearshore waters, is a growing concern. Dinoflagellate <i>Heterocapsa bohaiensis</i> blooms have caused significant ecological and economic damage, as well as mass mortality, in cultivated species. Nutrients are one of the primary inducers of <i>H. bohaiensis</i> blooms. However, the transcriptomic studies of <i>H. bohaiensis</i> remain sparse, and its metabolic pathways are unknown. This study analyzed the transcriptome of <i>H. bohaiensis</i> under varying nutrient conditions (nitrogen at 128, 512, and 880 μM; phosphate at 8, 6, and 32 μM), focusing on differential gene expression. The results indicated that deviations in nutrient conditions (higher or lower N:P ratios) led to a higher number of differentially expressed genes compared to the control (N:P ratios = 27.5), thereby underscoring their pivotal role in growth. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analyses showed that nutrient limitation upregulated the biosynthesis and catabolism processes while downregulating the cell cycle and division functions. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis revealed that, under nitrogen limitation, the proteasome pathways were upregulated, while photosynthesis and carbon fixation were downregulated; under phosphorus limitation, the proteasome pathways were upregulated and nitrogen metabolism was downregulated. These findings suggest that <i>H. bohaiensis</i> adapts to nutrient stress by adjusting its metabolic processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"12 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142979249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytochemical Analysis and Antimicrobial Activity of <i>Terminalia bellirica</i> (Gaertn.) Roxb. and <i>Terminalia chebula</i> Retz. Fruit Extracts Against Gastrointestinal Pathogens: Enhancing Antibiotic Efficacy.","authors":"Gagan Tiwana, Ian Edwin Cock, Matthew James Cheesman","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms12122664","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12122664","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Terminalia bellirica</i> (Gaertn) Roxb. and <i>Terminalia chebula</i> Retz. are significant botanicals in ancient Ayurvedic medicine. They are renowned for their therapeutic properties, notably in addressing gastrointestinal (GI) diseases. These plants have undergone thorough examination related to their antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties, which make them highly efficient natural treatments for controlling gastrointestinal infections. The current research demonstrated the antibacterial efficacy of fruit extracts of <i>Terminalia bellirica</i> and <i>Terminalia chebula</i> against <i>Bacillus cereus</i>, <i>Shigella sonnei</i>, <i>Shigella flexneri</i>, and <i>Salmonella typhimurium</i>. We performed disc diffusion and liquid microdilution experiments to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy. All extracts of <i>Terminalia bellirica</i> and <i>Terminalia chebula</i> showed good antibacterial effects against <i>B. cereus</i> and <i>S. flexneri</i>. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranged from 94 µg/mL to 556 µg/mL. The methanolic extracts from both plants also showed noteworthy antibacterial activity against <i>S. sonnei</i> and <i>S. typhimurium</i>, with MIC values of 755 µg/mL for both. Fractional inhibitory concentration studies revealed additive interactions between some conventional antibiotics and the plant extracts when used concurrently. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analyses revealed that the <i>T. bellirica</i> and <i>T. chebula</i> extracts contained various tannins including methyl gallate, propyl gallate, gallic acid, and ellagic acid. Lethality assays conducted using <i>Artemia franciscana</i> Kellogg nauplii indicated that all the plant extracts are non-toxic. The antibacterial properties and absence of toxicity in <i>T. bellirica</i> and <i>T. chebula</i> fruit extracts indicate their potential for antibiotic development, warranting additional mechanistic and phytochemical studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"12 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142979170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}