Microorganisms最新文献

{"title":"In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Contezolid Against <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> and Absence of Cross-Resistance with Linezolid.","authors":"Li Wang, Jianxia Chen, Yifan He, Ruijuan Zheng, Jie Wang, Xiaochen Huang, Wei Sha, Lianhua Qin","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms13092216","DOIUrl":"10.3390/microorganisms13092216","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tuberculosis (TB) persists as a formidable global health threat, especially with the rising incidence of multidrug-resistant strains. This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro activity of contezolid, a novel oxazolidinone antibiotic, against <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (<i>Mtb</i>) and assess potential cross-resistance with linezolid. Thirty-one <i>Mtb</i> clinical isolates (5 susceptible, 8 multidrug-resistant [MDR], 18 pre-extensively drug-resistant [pre-XDR]) were tested. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of contezolid and linezolid were determined, along with mutation resistance frequencies. Intracellular replication inhibition in macrophages and whole-genome sequencing of resistant colonies were assessed. Cytotoxicity was evaluated via luciferase-coupled ATP assay. The MIC50 and MIC90 values of contezolid were comparable to those of linezolid. Contezolid induced higher mutation frequencies in 7 isolates. At 12 mg/L, both drugs similarly inhibited intracellular <i>Mtb</i> replication. Whole-genome sequencing revealed that the <i>mce3R</i> gene was linked to contezolid resistance, with no cross-resistance observed between two drugs. No significant cytotoxicity was observed in contezolid-treated mouse peritoneal macrophages (<i>p</i> > 0.05). Contezolid exhibits anti-<i>Mtb</i> activity, with <i>mce3R</i> potentially associated with resistance. No cross-resistance with linezolid was found.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"13 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12472310/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145176340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Waxy Maize Starch and Malate-Debranched Waxy Maize Starch on Gut Microbiota of Humans In Vitro and Mice In Vivo.","authors":"Zhonglin Zhao, Wei Liu, Lulu Wu, Guoyu Yang, Yizhe Yan, Xiaolong Ji","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms13092218","DOIUrl":"10.3390/microorganisms13092218","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in host health. Dietary components such as waxy maize starch (WMS) and malate-debranched WMS (MADBS) may serve as modulators of microbial composition and function. In this study, the effects of WMS and MADBS on murine gut microbiota in vivo and human fecal in vitro fermentation were investigated. The results of gut microbiota in mice revealed that WMS increased the abundance of <i>Muribaculaceae</i> and <i>Bifidobacterium</i>, while MADBS enriched <i>Ileibacterium</i>, <i>Muribaculaceae</i>, and <i>Dubosiella</i>. The in vitro fermentation model demonstrated that WMS increased the abundance of <i>Bifidobacterium</i>, <i>Lactobacillus</i>, <i>Megamonas</i>, and <i>Megasphaera</i>, whereas MADBS enhanced <i>Weissella</i>, <i>Lactobacillus</i>, and <i>Prevotella</i>. Both compounds decreased the levels of <i>Escherichia-Shigella</i>. Metabolically, compared to the control group, WMS improved the production of acetic, propionic, butyric, and valproic acids, while MADBS decreased the concentrations of all short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Compared to the control group, WMS reduced the production of CH₄, NH₃, and H₂S while increasing CO₂ yield. MADBS reduced the generation of CH₄, NH₃, H₂S, and CO₂. These findings suggest that WMS and MADBS can modulate the gut ecosystem by selectively promoting probiotics, inhibiting pathogens, and altering metabolic profiles.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"13 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12472379/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145176486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The CRISPR-Cas9 System in <i>Entamoeba histolytica</i> Trophozoites: <i>ehcp112</i> Gene Knockout and Effects on Other Genes in the V1 Virulence Locus.","authors":"Luz Virginia Reyes, Guillermina García-Rivera, Rosario Javier-Reyna, Edgar Morales-Rios, Sergio Tinajero, Cecilia Bañuelos, Daniel Talamás-Lara, Esther Orozco","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms13092219","DOIUrl":"10.3390/microorganisms13092219","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gene editing enables a better understanding of protein functions. The genome of the protozoan parasite <i>Entamoeba histolytica</i> contains a 4500 bp DNA fragment comprising the <i>ehcp112</i>, <i>ehadh</i>, and <i>ehrabb</i> genes, which together form the V1 virulence locus. Studying these genes has been challenging due to the lack of suitable methodologies. Here, we report the first <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> knockout in <i>E. histolytica</i> (<i>ehcp112</i> gene) using a modified CRISPR-Cas9 strategy and explore its effects on the other V1 locus genes. Confocal and transmission electron microscopy were used to detect the RNP pathway formed by the Cas9 enzyme and the crRNA-tracrRNA complex, from their entry into the trophozoites until their arrival at the nucleus and heterochromatin. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the mutant cells (EhCP112-KO) were smaller, with fewer pseudopodia and plasma membrane depressions. DNA sequencing and RT-qPCR assays identified a four-base deletion in the <i>ehcp112</i> gene in the mutant trophozoites. Western blot assays of EhCP112-KO extracts revealed the absence of the EhCP112 protein. While the EhCP112-KO lysates digested gelatin more efficiently than the HM1:IMSS extracts, their secreted products showed poor enzymatic activity. The <i>ehcp112</i> knockout also affected the transcription of the <i>ehadh</i> and <i>ehrabb</i> genes, probably due to their genomic position. In conclusion, the implementation of the CRISPR-Cas9 strategy in <i>E. histolytica</i> evidenced the coordinated expression of the <i>ehcp112</i> gene and the other members of the V1 locus.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"13 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12472409/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145176801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Population Dynamics of <i>Plasmodium vivax</i> in Mexico Determined by CSP, Pvs25, and SSU 18S rRNA S-Type Polymorphism Analyses.","authors":"Lilia González-Cerón, Delfino de Jesús Gómez-Pérez, Frida Santillán-Valenzuela, Marbella Ovilla-Muñoz, Carmen Guzmán-Bracho, Angélica Pech-May, Gerardo R Amores, Alberto Montoya-Pérez, Cuauhtémoc Villarreal-Treviño","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms13092221","DOIUrl":"10.3390/microorganisms13092221","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In Mexico, <i>Plasmodium vivax</i> transmission has been confined to the northwestern and southern regions since 2000. Parasites from five malaria foci were analyzed using three genetic markers. The circumsporozoite gene was examined by PCR-RFLP and sequencing, and <i>pvs25</i> mutations and variants of ribosomal 18S SSU rRNA S-type were also determined. Previous data from the southernmost Pacific in Chiapas were included in the analysis. Both the VK210 and VK247 types of <i>pvcsp</i> were detected, and VK210 had greater haplotype diversity (0.860) than VK247 parasites (0.198). Two <i>pvs25</i> mutations (Q87K and I130T) yielded three haplotypes, and two ribosomal variants were detected. Gene and multilocus haplotype frequencies varied among malarious foci (<i>p</i> < 0.001). An AMOVA test, <i>F_ST</i> values, and Spearman's correlation suggested a structured <i>P. vivax</i> population among the malaria foci. Each malaria focus across the northwestern and southern regions retained a portion of the past countrywide <i>P. vivax</i> population, which seems unique in Latin America. In the Lacandon region (LR), a linkage equilibrium between <i>pvs25</i> haplotypes and the ribosomal variants within the VK247 or VK210 populations was observed. This region harbored the broadest reservoir of <i>P. vivax</i> haplotypes, and the high adaptation of parasites in the northwestern region represents a challenge for malaria elimination. These finding are relevant for monitoring and epidemiological surveillance.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"13 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12472771/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145176637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Reorganization of Rice Rhizosphere Microbial Communities Driven by Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency and the Regulatory Mechanism of Soil Nitrogen Cycling.","authors":"Zhuang Xiong, Qiang Li, Rongtao Fu, Jian Wang, Daihua Lu, Cheng Chen","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms13092215","DOIUrl":"10.3390/microorganisms13092215","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in rice cultivation is a key determinant of sustainable agriculture, yet the interaction between NUE and the dynamics of rhizosphere soil microbial communities remain poorly understood. In this study, the changes in rhizosphere soil microbial community composition and function due to NUE were analyzed in six rice genotypes across six treatments. Through 16S rRNA/ITS amplicon sequencing, it was found that rice with different NUEs reshaped the rhizosphere soil microbial community structure, but did not significantly alter the α-diversity of the bacterial community. There was a notable difference in the average abundance of the fungus <i>Arnium</i> in the rhizosphere soil of high-NUE rice compared to low-NUE rice, with a 222.2% increase in the former. Correlation analysis indicated that in high-NUE rice, soil nitrate and nitrite contents drove changes in the fungal community, while in low-NUE rice, soil water-soluble nitrogen and total potassium contents were the key influencing factors for changes in the fungal and nitrogen-fixing bacterial communities, respectively. The findings of this study demonstrate a link between NUE-induced changes in the rhizosphere soil microbiome and nitrogen cycling in rice, providing a basis for targeted nitrogen fertilizer management approaches guided by microbial control.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"13 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12472575/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145176907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gut Microbiota and Neurodevelopment in Preterm Infants: Mechanistic Insights and Prospects for Clinical Translation.","authors":"Kun Dai, Lingli Ding, Xiaomeng Yang, Suqing Wang, Zhihui Rong","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms13092213","DOIUrl":"10.3390/microorganisms13092213","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Preterm birth remains a significant global health challenge and is strongly associated with heightened risks of long-term neurodevelopmental impairments, including cognitive delays, behavioural disorders, and emotional dysregulation. In recent years, accumulating evidence has underscored the critical role of the gut microbiota in early brain development through the gut-brain axis. In preterm infants, microbial colonisation is frequently delayed or disrupted due to caesarean delivery, perinatal antibiotic exposure, formula feeding, and prolonged stays in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs), all of which contribute to gut dysbiosis during critical periods of neurodevelopment. This review synthesises current knowledge on the sources, temporal patterns, and determinants of gut microbiota colonisation in preterm infants. This review focuses on the gut bacteriome and uses faecal-sample bacteriome sequencing as its primary method of characterisation. We detail five mechanistic pathways that link microbial disturbances to adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes: immune activation and white matter injury, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)-mediated neuroprotection, tryptophan-serotonin metabolic signalling, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis modulation, and the integrity of intestinal and blood-brain barriers (BBB). We also critically examine emerging microbiota-targeted interventions-including probiotics, prebiotics, human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), antibiotic stewardship strategies, skin-to-skin contact (SSC), and faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT)-focusing on their mechanisms of action, translational potential, and associated ethical concerns. Finally, we identify key research gaps, including the scarcity of longitudinal studies, limited functional modelling, and the absence of standardised protocols across clinical settings. A comprehensive understanding of microbial-neurodevelopmental interactions may provide a foundation for the development of targeted, timing-sensitive, and ethically sound interventions aimed at improving neurodevelopmental outcomes in this vulnerable population.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"13 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12472338/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145176802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harnessing Microbial Power for a Sustainable Future Food System.","authors":"Andreea Loredana Birgovan Rhazzali, Elena Simina Lakatos, Lucian Ionel Cioca, Natalia Lorela Paul, Sorin Daniel Vatca, Erzsebeth Kis, Roxana Lavinia Pacurariu","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms13092217","DOIUrl":"10.3390/microorganisms13092217","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microorganisms are transforming the way we address sustainability across agriculture, food production, waste remediation, bioenergy, and industrial bioprocessing, offering novel solutions for the food systems of tomorrow. This systematic review examines literature from the last twenty years in order to identify key advances, challenges, and future directions in harnessing microbial systems for sustainable applications, especially those underpinning a resilient future food system. The selected documents allowed a mapping of the most important trends: innovations based on metabolic engineering and omics, the use of integrated biorefineries, and digital monitoring platforms are emerging as catalysts for the transition, while high scaling costs, regulatory challenges, and low public acceptance continue to limit large-scale implementation. The analysis highlights both the major advantages (reducing ecological impact, valorizing waste, diversifying food sources) and the current limits of these technologies, proposing a multi-stakeholder roadmap to accelerate the transition to a circular bioeconomy and a low-carbon and climate-resilient food system.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"13 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12472289/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145176858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Genetic Characteristics of Avian Chlamydia in Birds in Guangxi, Southwestern China.","authors":"Jian-Ming Long, Hai-Tao Zhong, Ya-Yu Deng, Jun-Wei Yang, Mei-Chi Chen, Yan-Jiao Liang, Ke-Wei Chen, Jing-Ting Yang, Tian-Chao Wei, Ping Wei, Jian-Ni Huang","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms13092220","DOIUrl":"10.3390/microorganisms13092220","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Avian chlamydiosis, primarily caused by <i>Chlamydia psittaci</i> (<i>C. psittaci</i>), poses significant threats to poultry and avian trade. Emerging species such as <i>Chlamydia gallinacea</i> (<i>C. gallinacea</i>), <i>Chlamydia avium</i> (<i>C. avium</i>), and <i>Chlamydia ibidis</i> (<i>C. ibidis</i>) have recently been detected in birds. However, the prevalence and genetic diversity of avian chlamydia in birds within Guangxi remain unknown. In this study, 1744 samples collected from apparently healthy birds were screened, revealing an overall positivity rate of 28.20% (95% CI, 27.58-28.90%, 492/1744) for avian chlamydia. Among poultry, pigeons had the highest positivity rate at 62.30% (95% CI, 55.37-68.69%, 152/244), followed by chickens at 25.05% (95% CI, 21.25-29.23%, 128/511), geese at 18.12% (95% CI, 12.93-24.82%, 29/160), and ducks at 14.14% (95% CI, 11.57-17.26%, 82/580). Additionally, pet and wild birds exhibited positivity rates of 40.35% (95% CI, 34.20-46.83%, 92/228) and 42.86% (95% CI, 24.52-61.83%, 9/21), respectively. Phylogenetic analysis based on the outer-membrane protein A gene indicated that chicken samples belonged to genotypes B of <i>C. psittaci</i> and <i>C. gallinacea</i>. In ducks, genotypes A and B of <i>C. psittaci</i> and <i>C. gallinacea</i> were identified, representing the first documented occurrence of <i>C. psittaci</i> genotypes B and <i>C. gallinacea</i> in ducks in China. The nucleotide sequences from goose samples were initially clustered into genotype A group, while those from pigeons were clustered within genotype B. Furthermore, positive samples from pet birds were classified into genotypes A and B, as well as the <i>C. gallinacea</i> group. Similarly, samples from wild birds were classified into genotypes A and B. These findings suggest that diverse avian chlamydia genotypes are circulating among bird populations in Guangxi, with an expanding host range indicating potential cross-species transmission. Moreover, certain strains derived from waterfowl were found to cluster with those linked to recent psittacosis outbreaks, highlighting the zoonotic potential of avian chlamydia. Therefore, sustained surveillance for avian chlamydia in bird populations and monitoring its genetic evolutionary characteristics are essential to decrease public health risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"13 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12472478/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145176577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a Chemiluminescence Immunoassay for the Serological Diagnosis of Sheep and Bovine Brucellosis.","authors":"Xin Yan, Mingze Chen, Yuning Liu, Mingjun Sun, Mengkun Huang, Jihui Jin, Jiaqi Li, Xiangxiang Sun, Mengda Liu, Haobo Zhang, Weixing Shao, Shufang Sun, Xiaoxu Fan, Wenlong Nan","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms13092214","DOIUrl":"10.3390/microorganisms13092214","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Brucellosis, a zoonotic infection caused by the intracellular pathogen <i>Brucella</i>, leads to chronic multi-organ damage. Currently, rapid, accurate, and sensitive diagnostic technologies are crucial for the prevention and control of brucellosis. This study describes the development of a chemiluminescent immunoassay (Bru-CLIA) for sheep and bovine brucellosis antibody detection, utilizing <i>Brucella abortus</i> strain A19 lipopolysaccharide-coated magnetic particles (LPS-MPs) as the serum antigen and acridinium ester-labeled recombinant streptococcal protein G (AE-SPG) for signal generation. After optimizing the assay's parameters, the Bru-CLIA demonstrated a sensitivity of approximately 1 IU/mL and 2 IU/mL for detecting sheep and bovine brucellosis, respectively. No cross-reactivity was observed with sera from animals immunized with <i>Escherichia coli O157:H7</i>, <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>, <i>Vibrio cholerae</i>, <i>Legionella</i>, <i>Salmonella</i>, <i>Foot and Mouth Disease virus types O and A</i>, <i>Bovine viral diarrhea virus</i>, <i>Sheep contagious pleuropneumonia</i>, <i>Goat pox virus</i>, or <i>Peste des Petits Ruminants virus</i>, indicating strong specificity. The testing of 81 sheep serum samples and 96 bovine serum samples revealed that Bru-CLIA showed 87.65% and 93.75% concordance with the ID-VET commercial kits for sheep and bovine brucellosis detection, respectively. These results demonstrate that Bru-CLIA offers high specificity, sensitivity, repeatability, and reliability, making it a viable rapid diagnostic tool for the epidemiological surveillance of brucellosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"13 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12472793/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145176597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Insights into Ammonium Sulfate-Induced Secretome Reprogramming of <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> Czk1 for Enhanced Biocontrol Against Rubber Tree Root Rot.","authors":"Yanqiong Liang, Shibei Tan, Ying Lu, Helong Chen, Xing Huang, Kexian Yi, Chunping He, Weihuai Wu","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms13092212","DOIUrl":"10.3390/microorganisms13092212","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Root rot diseases caused by <i>Ganoderma pseudoferreum</i> and <i>Pyrrhoderma noxium</i> inflict substantial economic losses in rubber tree (<i>Hevea brasiliensis</i>) cultivation, while conventional control methods face environmental and resistance challenges. This study aimed to specifically investigate the molecular mechanisms by which ammonium sulfate enhances the biocontrol efficacy of <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> Czk1. Using label-free quantitative proteomics (LC-MS/MS), we characterized ammonium sulfate-induced alterations in the secretory proteome of Czk1. A total of 351 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified, with 329 significantly up-regulated and 22 down-regulated. GO functional enrichment analysis indicated that up-regulated DEPs were associated with metabolic pathways (glyoxylate/dicarboxylate, arginine/proline, cofactor biosynthesis) and extracellular localization (13 proteins), while down-regulated DEPs were linked to small molecule catabolism. KEGG pathway annotation identified DEP involvement in 124 pathways, including secondary metabolite biosynthesis and membrane transport. These findings demonstrate that ammonium sulfate remodels the Czk1 secretome to enhance the expression of key antagonistic proteins, thereby providing crucial molecular targets and a scientific foundation for developing effective biofungicides against rubber root rot, with clear practical implications for sustainable disease management.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"13 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12472613/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145176662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}