Microorganisms最新文献

{"title":"Genomic and Pathogenicity Diversity of Six Avian Reovirus Strains with Different Genotypes.","authors":"Xuemei Lu, Guowei He, Jinyang Huang, Ping Liu, Yijian Wu","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms14040942","DOIUrl":"10.3390/microorganisms14040942","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Avian reovirus (ARV) causes viral arthritis and leads to considerable economic losses in the poultry industry. In this study, six ARV strains of distinct genotypes (FJNP01-FJNP06) were isolated from commercial broiler farms. Through gene sequencing and pathogenicity assessment, we analyzed the genetic evolution and pathogenic characteristics of the σC, P10, σB, μB, and λC genes. Pathogenicity tests revealed that inoculation with FJNP01-FJNP06 by footpad or oral gavage induced symptoms in specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens, including mortality and growth retardation. Among the isolates, FJNP04 (genotype IV) showed the highest pathogenicity, causing increased mortality, weight loss, and severe lesions in the footpads and bursa of Fabricius, followed by FJNP05 and FJNP02. The pathogenicity of FJNP06 varied by inoculation route, with enhanced pathogenicity observed following oral gavage. In contrast, FJNP01 and FJNP03 demonstrated relatively low pathogenicity. Identity analysis indicated that σC and P10 were highly variable, σB was relatively conserved, while μB and λC displayed considerable divergence. Phylogenetic analysis placed FJNP01-FJNP06 into genotypes I to VI, respectively, forming six distinct branches on the σC and P10 phylogenetic trees, yet clustering more closely on the σB, μB, and λC trees. The pathogenicity of different genotypes of ARV varies, among which FJNP04 (genotype IV) exhibits the strongest pathogenicity. Genetic sequence analysis revealed that σC and P10 are highly variable, σB is relatively conserved, while μB and λC display a wide range of variation. This study provides insights into the genetic variation and pathogenic characteristics of ARV and serves as a reference for future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"14 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13118900/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147817587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unlocking Microbial Dark Matter: A Comprehensive Review of Isolation Technologies from Traditional Culturing to Single-Cell Technologies.","authors":"Xi Sun, Xiaoxuan Zhang, Jia Zhang","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms14040933","DOIUrl":"10.3390/microorganisms14040933","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microorganisms represent the Earth's most abundant biomass and a vast reservoir of genetic diversity. However, traditional agar plate methods fail to recover the vast majority of these species, leaving a \"microbial dark matter\" that holds immense potential for the discovery of novel antibiotics and bioactive compounds. While conventional techniques such as selective media and enrichment culture remain foundational, they are inherently limited by community biases and the inability to support low-abundance, oligotrophic species. To address these bottlenecks, a diverse array of innovative isolation strategies has emerged. This review systematically categorizes and evaluates these methodologies, ranging from in situ cultivation to high-resolution single-cell manipulation. We first examine membrane diffusion-based cultivation (e.g., iChip), which mimics natural microenvironments to resuscitate recalcitrant microbes. Subsequently, we explore high-throughput single-cell technologies, including microfluidics for physicochemical separation, optical tweezers for precise manipulation, and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). Special attention is given to Raman-activated cell sorting (RACS) as a label-free functional screening tool and reverse genomics for targeted capture. By synthesizing the strengths and limitations of these approaches, we propose integrated workflows designed to accelerate the mining of untapped microbial resources.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"14 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13119467/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147817595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced Barley Growth in Petroleum-Contaminated Soil Mediated by Xanthan-like Exopolysaccharide of <i>Xanthomonas translucens</i> TRK8.","authors":"Ramza Berzhanova, Aisulu Zhuniszhan, Gulnur Tatykhanova, Sarkyt Kudaibergenov, Gulshara Abai, Alibek Kudabayev, Togzhan Mukasheva","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms14040937","DOIUrl":"10.3390/microorganisms14040937","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Exopolysaccharides (EPS) represent an important tool for application in bio- and phytoremediation technologies due to their ability to enhance water and nutrient retention, support microclimate stability, and protect plants from environmental stress. In the present study, xanthan-like EPS produced by <i>Xanthomonas translucens</i> TRK8 was precipitated by ethanol and isopropanol, with the former yielding 9.2 g L^-1 compared with 6.7 g L^-1 obtained with the latter. The monosaccharide profile of the TRK8-derived EPS indicated a branched structure composed of rhamnose, mannose, glucose, and galactose residues, containing both α- and β-type pyranose units. The rheological properties of the studied EPS were compared with those of commercial xanthan at concentrations of 1-3 wt.%. Fitting the obtained data to the Ostwald-de Waele power-law model revealed that the flow behaviour index (<i>n</i>) values were below 1 (-0.338, -0.499, and -0.647, respectively), indicating shear-thinning behaviour (i.e., pseudoplasticity). The potential of the TRK8-derived EPS as a plant protection agent was validated by coating barley seeds with 2 wt.% EPS, resulting in a 28.6% increase in shoot length and a 64.7% increase in root length relative to the oil-stressed control.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"14 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13119137/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147817489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pangenome Architecture and Accessory Gene-Driven Population Structure of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Revealed by a Hospital-Adjacent Environmental Isolate.","authors":"Wellington Francisco Rodrigues, Laise Mazurek, Renata Botelho Miguel, Geovana Pina Vilela, Amanda Bertinetti Tres, Sabrina Martins Calegari, Ferdinando Agostinho, Jamil Miguel-Neto, Melissa Carvalho Martins-de-Abreu, Karen M Wagner, Christophe Morisseau, Carlos Ueira-Vieira, Mariana Santos Cardoso, Aristóteles Góes-Neto, Carlo José Freire Oliveira, Siomar de Castro Soares, Camila Botelho Miguel","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms14040938","DOIUrl":"10.3390/microorganisms14040938","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> is a globally distributed bacterium that spans interconnected human, animal, and environmental niches and is a major driver of antimicrobial resistance. Environmental and wildlife-associated isolates from hospital-surrounding settings remain underrepresented in comparative genomic studies. To address this gap, we integrated a newly sequenced environmental isolate recovered from pigeon fecal samples collected around a hospital into a standardized pangenome framework composed of 99 reproducibly selected RefSeq genomes plus the environmental isolate S_S3. Using uniform genome annotation and orthologous gene family clustering, we identified an open pangenome of 8366 gene families (Heaps' law γ = 0.275), consistent with the high genomic plasticity previously reported for <i>S. aureus</i>. The core genome stabilized at approximately 1757 genes, including 1651 genes conserved across all genomes. Gene frequency spectra showed a dominant cloud genome and a structured shell fraction contributing to interstrain differentiation. Jaccard-based gene content similarity resolved clusters shaped mainly by accessory gene composition. The environmental isolate retained the complete core genome, carried only 15 isolate-specific gene families (0.18% of the pangenome), and clustered within an established lineage. Its unique content included a lincosamide resistance-associated locus and efeB, a gene potentially related to heme or iron metabolism and oxidative stress response. These findings highlight a conserved genomic backbone over a dynamic accessory reservoir and support One Health genomic surveillance that includes wildlife-associated niches, while indicating that the environmental isolate fits within the broader gene content diversity observed in the analyzed dataset.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"14 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13118437/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147817555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive Improvement and Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis Regulation by <i>Lycium barbarum</i> Polysaccharides and Glycopeptide in Laboratory-Kenneled Poodles.","authors":"Haoran Yan, Miaomiao Zhang, Chuchen Gui, Huiwen Huang, Wenhao Wu, Zhaokun Chen, Yuansheng Wu, Shaohao Chen, Hongcan Huang, Huixian Lin, Yan Guo, Baichuan Deng, Lingna Zhang","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms14040940","DOIUrl":"10.3390/microorganisms14040940","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Kennel-housed dogs may experience chronic stress affecting cognition. This study compared the effects of <i>Lycium barbarum</i> polysaccharides (LBP) and glycopeptide (LbGP) on cognitive function in laboratory-kenneled poodles. Eighteen dogs were assigned to CON, LBP, or LbGP groups for 42 days. Cognitive tests were performed and serum, saliva, and feces were collected for subsequent analysis. Both supplements improved cognitive performance (e.g., increased the correct rate in the cylinder test by approximately 40.0%, both <i>p</i> < 0.001). LBP enriched beneficial bacteria (<i>Faecalibacterium</i> and <i>Bacteroides</i>, <i>p</i> < 0.05), reduced pathogens (<i>Romboutsia</i> and <i>Terrisporobacter</i>, <i>p</i> < 0.05), and predominantly influenced the indole pathway of tryptophan metabolism. LbGP specifically decreased <i>Escherichia-Shigella</i> and <i>Corynebacterium</i>, increased fecal SCFAs, and mainly targeted the 5-HT pathway. Both treatments regulated immune function (i.e., elevated IL-6 and IL-10) and antioxidant capacity; LBP significantly increased serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels by 6.8% (<i>p</i> < 0.01) and BDNF levels by 13.5% (<i>p</i> < 0.05), while LbGP elevated (<i>p</i> < 0.01) glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) levels by 20.9% and reduced salivary cortisol levels by 14.2% (<i>p</i> < 0.01). Overall, LBP and LbGP support canine cognition through distinct microbiota-related mechanisms, likely via the microbiota-gut-brain axis, suggesting their potential as functional feed additives for cognitive health.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"14 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13118899/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147817418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics of Legionnaires' Disease Cases Hospitalized at a Specialized Infectious Disease Hospital, 2023-2024, with a Focus on Clusters Associated with Travel to a Spa Resort.","authors":"Constanța-Angelica Vișan, Gina Filip, Carmen-Cristina Vasile, Anca Cristina Drăgănescu, Gheorghiță Jugulete, Anca Streinu-Cercel, Andreea Tudor, Laurențiu Mihăiță Stratan, Daniela Pițigoi, Ana Maria Tudor","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms14040935","DOIUrl":"10.3390/microorganisms14040935","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Legionnaires' disease is a rare cause of atypical pneumonia associated with a high mortality rate among untreated patients. In Romania, the disease has historically been underreported due to insufficient surveillance and limited diagnostic capacity. The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics of Legionnaires' disease cases admitted to a specialized infectious disease hospital between 2023 and 2024, with a particular focus on a cluster associated with travel to a spa resort. Most cases included in our study (31/36) were confirmed by urinary antigen testing, while one case was confirmed by a significant increase in the level of specific antibodies against <i>Legionella pneumophila</i> serogroup 1 in paired serum samples. The most frequently reported symptom was fever (28/32), followed by chills (24/32). Among the 32 confirmed cases, 3 patients died. Two cases were identified as part of a family cluster involving a father and son who had undergone physiotherapy at a balneary resort. Both patients presented with fever and gastrointestinal symptoms, and radiological investigations confirmed mixed pneumonia associated with an intense inflammatory syndrome. In the father's case, hepatic involvement and interstitial nephritis were also identified. Early diagnosis based on epidemiological data, clinical predictive scores, and laboratory investigations would allow timely administration of targeted antibiotic therapy and may contribute to reduced mortality.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"14 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13118817/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147817469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Continuous Electric/Magnetic Field Treatment on Nutrient, Enzyme Activity, and Bacterial Community Structure in Rocky Desertification Soils.","authors":"Jun Hu, Yungen Liu, Yan Wang, Wenjiao Gao, Jiaxu Zhang, Silin Yang, Feifeng Deng, Bo Yang, Caishuang Huang","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms14040934","DOIUrl":"10.3390/microorganisms14040934","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Soil nutrient loss and infertility in rocky desertification areas severely constrain ecological restoration. Exploring the impacts of external field remediation technologies on soil quality in these regions may offer novel strategies for soil enhancement and ecosystem recovery. This study conducted a three-month experiment to investigate the impact of continuous electric (ET, 20 V) and magnetic (MT, 200 mT) field treatments on soil nutrients, enzyme activities, and bacterial communities in simulated moderate and severe rocky desertification soils. Results showed that although an overall declining trends in total contents of key soil nutrients (Total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total potassium), both electric and magnetic field treatments effectively mitigated the decreases of total nitrogen and potassium content (with the exception of total phosphorus) in rocky desertification soils, while improving their available contents compared to the control (CK). Electric field application significantly reduced the pH of moderate and severe rocky desertification soils through electrolysis, shifting the soil from alkaline (pH 7.69 and 7.73, respectively) to slightly acidic (pH 6.71 and 6.37, respectively); Both electric and magnetic field treatments enhanced urease and sucrase activities in moderately and severely rocky desertified soils. Compared to the CK, the increases were 21.92%, 4.46%, 5.70%, and 66.43% in moderately rocky desertified soil, and 10.06%, 42.15%, 20.66%, and 0.93% in severely rocky desertified soil, respectively. Their effects on phosphatase and catalase activities varied with the degree of rocky desertification. However, in severely rocky desertified soil, both treatments significantly increased phosphatase and catalase activities by 19.55%, 24.63%, 61.07%, and 38.05% compared to the CK, respectively. Furthermore, both electric and magnetic treatments significantly reduced bacterial α-diversity (chao1, ACE, Shannon, Simpson, and Pielou J indices) but optimized community structure by enriching dominant phyla with specific ecological functions, such as <i>Pseudomonadota</i> (7.63-41.10%), <i>Bacteroidota</i> (13.52-69.29%), and <i>Verrucomicrobiota</i> (38.26-104.81%). Functional prediction revealed that the abundances of dominant pathways (such as <i>chemoheterotrophy</i>, <i>aerobic chemoheterotrophy</i>, and <i>nitrogen fixation</i>) was enhanced following both treatments. Mantel analysis further indicated strengthened correlations among soil nutrients, enzyme activities, and bacterial communities, particularly under magnetic field treatment. These findings demonstrate that electric and magnetic field applications effectively facilitate nutrient cycling, stimulate enzyme activities, and optimize microbial community structure, thereby improving soil ecological functions and overall quality in rocky desertification regions, highlighting their potential for ecological restoration in karst areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"14 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13119125/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147817504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progress of Rapid Detection Technology for Aquatic Microorganisms: A Comprehensive Review.","authors":"Qin Liu, Zhuangzhuang Qiu, Mengli Yao, Boyan Jiao, Yu Zhou, Chenghua Li, Haipeng Liu, Lusheng Xin","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms14040939","DOIUrl":"10.3390/microorganisms14040939","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microbial contamination in aquatic environments poses severe threats to aquaculture sustainability, ecological balance and public health. Traditional culture-based detection methods, while standardized, are time-consuming and labor-intensive, often failing to meet the urgent need for rapid on-site monitoring required to prevent disease outbreaks and manage water quality effectively. By integrating latest research advances (2020-2025), this study reviews advances in rapid detection technologies for aquatic microorganisms, including the evolution of nucleic acid amplification strategies, with a focused comparison of the analytical sensitivity and field deployability of quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and mainstream isothermal amplification techniques (loop-mediated isothermal amplification, LAMP; recombinase polymerase amplification, RPA). Furthermore, this study reports on the emergence of Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat (CRISPR)-associated protein (Cas) systems as next-generation diagnostic tools, highlighting their integration with microfluidic Lab-on-a-Chip (LOC) platforms to achieve attomolar sensitivity. We also consider the application of portable nanopore sequencing for real-time pathogen identification and the growing role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in analyzing complex diagnostic datasets. Advanced molecular methods have achieved significant reductions in time consumption-from days to less than one hour-while challenges regarding sample preparation and environmental matrix inhibition remain. The future of aquatic monitoring lies in integrated, automated systems that combine the specificity of CRISPR-Cas diagnostics with the connectivity of IoT-enabled biosensors. Comparative analysis indicates that isothermal amplification methods (LAMP, RPA) coupled with CRISPR-Cas systems offer the optimal balance of sensitivity, speed, and field deployability for point-of-care aquaculture diagnostics, while qPCR/dPCR remain indispensable for quantitative regulatory applications. We propose a structured technology selection framework to guide researchers and practitioners in choosing appropriate detection modalities based on specific sensitivity, cost, throughput, and deployment requirements.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"14 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13119226/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147817570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Andrographolide Alleviates Liver Damage Caused by <i>Salmonella</i> in Mice by Inhibiting the PANoptosis Pathway.","authors":"Quanying Li, Limin Hou, Luna Su, Xiaoyu Wang, Yifan Zhu, Binghu Fang","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms14040936","DOIUrl":"10.3390/microorganisms14040936","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The emergence of antibiotic resistance in pathogens, including <i>Salmonella typhimurium</i>, poses a major challenge to animal health and safety. Andrographolide is well known for its antibacterial properties and therefore offers potential as an antimicrobial treatment to lessen the damage caused by <i>Salmonella</i>. PANoptosis is defined as an inflammatory coordinated cell death pathway encompassing apoptosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis. To reduce the organ and tissue damage caused by bacterial infection and reduce antibiotic resistance, this study investigated the effect of andrographolide on liver damage in <i>Salmonella</i>-infected mice. We used a mouse model infected with <i>Salmonella typhimurium</i> for in vivo experiments, which involved the detection of the bacterial load in the liver, liver injury indicators, and expression of related PANoptosis-related genes and proteins. Here, our finding indicated that andrographolide effectively inhibited markers associated with apoptosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis in mouse hepatocytes, alleviated liver injury and clinical symptoms caused by <i>Salmonella typhimurium</i> in mice, and thus exerted therapeutic effects. In this study, we observed that andrographolide modulated the markers associated with these three pathways, indicating their involvement in PANoptosis. These results suggest that andrographolide significantly relieve <i>Salmonella</i>-induced liver injury by inhibiting PANoptosis, highlighting the potential significance of andrographolide as an effective drug for the treatment of <i>Salmonella</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"14 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13118790/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147817312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial Distributions of Active Pico- and Nano-Haptophytes (Eukaryota, Hacrobia) in the Tropical and Subtropical Western Pacific Ocean.","authors":"Wenlu Li, Yuyu Liao, Nianzhi Jiao, Dapeng Xu","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms14040941","DOIUrl":"10.3390/microorganisms14040941","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Haptophytes are ubiquitous single-celled eukaryotic plankton in coastal and open oceans that play a key role in marine biogeochemical cycling. Understanding the size structure and community composition of active haptophytes is crucial for elucidating their diversity and ecological functions. This study investigated the diversity and community structure of pico- (0.2-3 μm) and nano-sized (3-20 μm) haptophytes in the surface waters of the western Pacific Ocean using high-throughput sequencing targeting the hypervariable V4 region of the 18S rRNA. The pico-sized community exhibited significantly higher diversity than the nano-sized community. Community composition varied significantly between size fractions, driven primarily by the genera <i>Chrysochromulina</i> and <i>Syracosphaera</i>. Furthermore, the nano-sized community was more strongly influenced by environmental variables than the pico-sized community, although neither size fraction displayed a clear coastal-to-open-ocean distribution pattern. Null and neutral community model analyses indicated that both size-fractionated communities were primarily regulated by stochastic processes, while deterministic processes exerted a greater influence on the nano-sized community. Co-occurrence network analysis revealed stronger interconnections and a higher number of keystone species within the nano-sized community. In both networks, intermediate taxa (relative abundances of 0.01% to 0.1%) exhibited the highest diversity and abundance among keystone species, highlighting their pivotal role in shaping the network structure and stability. Additionally, phylogenetic analyses revealed that while the majority of ZOTUs clustered with known taxa, multiple deep-branching, uncultured lineages were identified across both size fractions, indicating substantial uncharacterized genetic diversity. This study underscores the variability and hidden diversity of size-fractionated haptophyte community structures in oligotrophic open oceans, providing valuable insights into their functional significance in global biogeochemical cycles.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"14 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13118463/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147817612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}