Microorganisms最新文献

{"title":"CGRP Suppresses Protective SiglecF^hi Neutrophil Development in Neonatal Group B <i>Streptococcus</i> Pneumonia.","authors":"Inês Lorga, Ana Sofia Teixeira, Bárbara Carvalho, Joana Soares, Nuno Ribeiro, Marcos S Cardoso, Joana Cunha, Joana Santos, Regina A Silva, Manuel Vilanova, Elva Bonifácio Andrade","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms13092119","DOIUrl":"10.3390/microorganisms13092119","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neonatal pneumonia, a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, is frequently caused by Group B <i>Streptococcus</i> (GBS). The mechanisms underlying protective immunity to this pathogen in the neonatal lung remain incompletely understood. Using a clinically relevant neonatal mouse model of GBS pneumonia, we investigated the immune mechanisms influencing disease severity. We demonstrate that neutrophils are effectively recruited to the lungs of infected neonates, but their phenotype differs with disease severity. In pups with moderate disease, we observe significant infiltration of SiglecF^hi neutrophils, a phenotype associated with enhanced phagocytic capacity and bacterial clearance. In contrast, pups with severe disease failed to develop SiglecF^hi neutrophils, resulting in reduced bacterial clearance and worsened pathology. We further show that severity is associated with increased expression of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in the lungs. CGRP suppressed neutrophil activation into the SiglecF^hi phenotype, thereby limiting their antibacterial function. Our findings show that GBS exploits the neuroimmune axis to evade host immunity through CGRP-mediated suppression of neutrophil activation.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"13 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12473038/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145175663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ducklings Were Susceptible to Swine Acute Diarrhea Syndrome Coronavirus Under Experimental Conditions.","authors":"Teng Zhang, Longfa Li, Jiayi Wang, Jiale Yao, Guoqing Xu, Chaoliang Leng, Yong Wang, Lunguang Yao","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms13092122","DOIUrl":"10.3390/microorganisms13092122","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV), similar to other coronaviruses, exhibits extensive host tropism and has caused huge losses to the pig industry since its first outbreak in 2017. However, the susceptibility of SADS-CoV in waterfowl remains unclear. In the present study, 10-day-old ducklings were orally administered 5.95 log₁₀ TCID₅₀ (the tissue culture infective dose 50%) of SADS-CoV, with a medium serving as a control treatment, to assess ducklings' susceptibility. Results indicated that the ducklings exhibited mild diarrhea symptoms, experienced slow weight gain, and one duckling died seven days after inoculation. Histopathological examination revealed that the viral infection caused pathological damage to the spleen, intestine, and lungs. Tissue immunofluorescence demonstrated viral replication in the spleen, lungs, and intestine. This study provides the first evidence that SADS-CoV can infect ducklings under laboratory conditions. Given that waterfowl may serve as significant reservoirs for various viruses, this finding raises considerable concerns.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"13 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12472708/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145176695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Autoimmune Skin Diseases in the Era of COVID-19: Pathophysiological Insights and Clinical Implications.","authors":"Aikaterini I Liakou, Eleni Routsi, Kalliopi Plisioti, Eleni Tziona, Dimitra Koumaki, Magdalini Kalamata, Evangelia-Konstantina Bompou, Rozeta Sokou, Petros Ioannou, Stefanos Bonovas, George Samonis, Andreas G Tsantes, Alexander Stratigos","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms13092129","DOIUrl":"10.3390/microorganisms13092129","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted intricate associations between SARS-CoV-2 infection and autoimmune skin diseases (ASDs). This review examines the bidirectional relationship between COVID-19 and ASDs including hidradenitis suppurativa, psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, alopecia areata, autoimmune bullous diseases, cutaneous and systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis, dermatomyositis, and lichen planus. Current evidence indicates that SARS-CoV-2 may precipitate or worsen ASDs via mechanisms such as molecular mimicry, dysregulated cytokine signaling, and enhanced Th1/Th17 immune responses, leading to loss of self-tolerance and autoantibody production. Epidemiological studies have identified increased incidence and flares of psoriasis, hidradenitis suppurativa, and other ASDs following both COVID-19 infection and vaccination, with mRNA vaccines associated with a higher risk of flare in hidradenitis suppurativa compared with non-mRNA vaccines. Notably, severe COVID-19 is associated with a greater risk of new-onset autoimmune disease, and patients with pre-existing inflammatory skin conditions may have increased susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection but experience less severe COVID-19 courses. These findings underscore the need for ongoing surveillance and mechanistic studies to clarify the immunopathogenic links between SARS-CoV-2 and ASDs and inform management strategies for affected patients in the context of both infection and vaccination.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"13 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12473099/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145176536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oral Microbiota Dysbiosis in Male HIV Patients: Comparative Analysis of Candidiasis and HPV-Associated Lesions.","authors":"Magnolia Del Carmen Ramírez-Hernández, Javier Gaytán-Cervantes, Carolina González-Torres, Miguel Ángel Loyola-Cruz, Rebeca Eunice García-Mendiola, Clemente Cruz-Cruz, Iliana Alejandra Cortés-Ortíz, Eduardo García-Moncada, Teresa López-Flores, Emilio Mariano Durán-Manuel, Nancy Gómez-Mancilla, María Fernanda Oviedo-López, Carlos Alberto Jiménez-Zamarripa, Araceli Rojas-Bernabé, Omar Agni García-Hernández, Jonathan Puente-Rivera, Adolfo López-Ornelas, Nayeli Goreti Nieto-Velázquez, Dulce Milagros Razo Blanco-Hernández, Julio César Castañeda-Ortega, Benito Hernández-Castellanos, Gabriela Anaya-Saavedra, Claudia Camelia Calzada-Mendoza, Juan Manuel Bello-López","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms13092121","DOIUrl":"10.3390/microorganisms13092121","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Progressive immune damage associated with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) alters mucosal homeostasis, favouring oral microbial imbalance and the development of opportunistic infections. The aim of this study was to characterize the composition and structure of the oral microbiota in different clinical conditions of HIV infection. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 99 Mexican men divided into five groups: HIV-negative controls, newly diagnosed without antiretroviral treatment, virally suppressed, with oral candidiasis, and with HPV infection. Metagenomic DNA was obtained from salivary samples, and the V1-V3 region of the 16S rRNA gene was massively sequenced. Taxonomic profiles, alpha/beta diversity, differential abundance, microbial co-occurrence networks and degree of dysbiosis were analysed. The results showed distinctive profiles between the groups. Alpha and beta diversity was significantly higher in the groups with oral <i>Candida</i> and HPV lesions, reflecting a disturbance of microbial balance. Differential abundance analysis revealed an increase in <i>Streptococcus</i>, <i>Veillonella</i>, <i>Lactobacillus</i> and <i>Actinomyces</i> genera in HIV patients, while healthy subjects showed higher abundance of <i>Neisseria</i>, <i>Treponema</i>, and <i>Rothia</i>, associated with a eubiotico state. The group of patients with HPV lesions had the highest number of taxa with differential abundance, suggesting an ecological environment altered by the lesion. Analysis of co-occurrence networks revealed a progressive pattern of microbial complexity: controls presented simple networks with weak positive correlations, while HIV groups showed increased connection density and appearance of structured nuclei. The group of patients with HPV lesions presented the highest connectivity, with multiple strongly correlated cores and core nodes such as <i>Prevotella melaninogenica</i> and <i>Shuttleworthia</i>. The dysbiosis score increased progressively from healthy subjects to those with HPV lesions, indicating a gradient of oral microbial disruption. These findings suggest that HIV immunosuppression and the presence of oral lesions are associated with enhanced dysbiosis, although their individual contributions could not be independently assessed due to the absence of non-HIV lesion controls. The integration of microbial networks and dysbiosis scores could be useful for assessing mucosal and immune health in people with HIV and used as biomarkers of clinical progression.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"13 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12473140/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145176018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the Impact of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy Using a 635 nm Diode Laser and Toluidine Blue on the Susceptibility of Selected Strains of <i>Candida</i> and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>: An In Vitro Study.","authors":"Marcin Tkaczyk, Anna Mertas, Anna Kuśka-Kiełbratowska, Jakub Fiegler-Rudol, Elżbieta Bobela, Maria Cisowska, Dariusz Skaba, Rafał Wiench","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms13092126","DOIUrl":"10.3390/microorganisms13092126","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Yeasts of the genus <i>Candida</i> (<i>C.</i>) and the bacterium <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (<i>S. aureus</i>) are among the most common pathogens responsible for infections that are difficult to treat, including those resistant to standard therapy. In recent decades, this has become an increasing clinical problem. In response to the limitations of traditional procedures, antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT), which combines light, a photosensitizer, and oxygen, is gaining growing interest. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro effectiveness of aPDT using a 635 nm diode laser in combination with toluidine blue O (TBO) against <i>Candida</i> spp. and <i>S. aureus</i>. Reference strains of <i>C. albicans</i>, <i>C. glabrata</i>, <i>C. krusei</i>, and <i>S. aureus</i> were subjected to aPDT. In phase I of this study, the optimal TBO incubation time was assessed with constant laser parameters. In phase II, the impact of the physical parameters of the laser, irradiation time, and output power, was analyzed, with the TBO incubation time set based on the phase I results, to evaluate the degree of microbial reduction (CFU/mL). Statistical analyses were then conducted to assess significance. TBO-mediated aPDT significantly reduced microbial viability, depending on incubation time and laser settings. The minimal effective incubation times were 10 min for <i>Candida</i> spp. and 5 min for <i>S. aureus</i>. The highest pathogen inactivation efficacy was observed at an output power of 400 mW and an irradiation time of 120 s. The use of the photosensitizer or laser alone did not result in significant antimicrobial effects. TBO-mediated aPDT may serve as an effective complement to conventional antimicrobial therapy and, in selected cases (e.g., drug resistance), has the potential to partially or fully replace it. The observed minimal effective incubation times provide a practical baseline, but further statistical comparisons are required to determine whether these durations are truly optimal.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"13 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12472698/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145176497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Canine Parvovirus and Vaccine-Origin Feline Panleukopenia Virus in Wastewater, Arizona, USA: July 2022-June 2023.","authors":"Jacqueline Vargas, Brenda Bermudez-Rivera, Izabella Block, Gray Shaffer, Lesley Estrada, Tegan Dadd, Tanner Dickerson, Courtney Curtis, Craig Woods, Erin M Driver, Rolf U Halden, Arvind Varsani, Matthew Scotch, Temitope O C Faleye","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms13092124","DOIUrl":"10.3390/microorganisms13092124","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Canine parvovirus (CPV) is a virus of veterinary health significance and a member of the <i>Parvoviridae</i> family. Despite its clinical significance and global distribution, surveillance is often limited to cases serious enough to result in veterinary visit and/or hospitalization, thereby limiting our understanding of its evolution and diversity. In this study, we coupled wastewater surveillance (WWS), long-range polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and long-read sequencing and demonstrate the utility of this approach for community-level monitoring of parvovirus diversity. We screened archived viral concentrates from wastewater (WW) collected monthly from July 2022 to June 2023 as part of a previous virus surveillance study from a population of ~500,000 people in Maricopa County, Arizona, USA. Using long-range PCR, the coding-complete sequences (~4.5 kb) were amplified as single contigs and sequenced on a long-read sequencer (MinION). Reads were trimmed, assembled, and contigs subjected to a bioinformatics workflow that includes phylogenetics, immuno-informatics and protein structure modelling. The ~4.5 kb amplicons were amplified from all the samples and sequenced. Twelve contigs (length: 4555 nt to 4675 nt: GC%: 35% to 36%) were assembled from 86,858 trimmed and size-selected reads (length 4400 nt-4900 nt) and all typed as parvoviruses. Overall, there were 11 CPV variants (2a, 2b and 2c) and 1 feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) variant. The FPV was 100% similar in the VP2 genomic region to the 1964 Johnson snow leopard strain present in the Felocell vaccine, suggesting recent shedding post-vaccination. For the CPVs, our analysis showed multiple amino acid substitutions in the VP2 and NS1 proteins, suggestive of host immune pressure and viral adaptation, respectively. The CPV variants clustered predominantly with North and South American variants, suggesting transboundary viral movement and multiple CPV-2c transmission chains seem evident. To the best of our knowledge, we here document the first detection of vaccine-origin FPV in WW. We show the presence of CPV-2a, 2b and 2c in the population sampled and provide evidence that suggests transmission of CPVs across the Americas. Our results also show that WWS coupled with long-range PCR and long-read sequencing is a feasible population-level complement to clinical case surveillance that also facilitates detection of vaccine-origin virus variants. The model we demonstrate here for tracking parvoviruses can also be easily extended to other DNA viruses of human and veterinary health significance.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"13 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12472840/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145176608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Hidden Microbial World in the Gut of the Terrestrial Snail <i>Cornu aspersum maxima</i> and the Unexpected Negative Effects of Synbiotics.","authors":"Efstratios Efstratiou, Maria V Alvanou, Dimitrios Loukovitis, Ioannis A Giantsis, Alexandra Staikou","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms13092127","DOIUrl":"10.3390/microorganisms13092127","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The intestinal microbiome plays a pivotal role in the physiology and health of terrestrial gastropods yet remains largely unexplored. This study aimed to characterize the gut microbial communities of the farmed snail <i>Cornu aspersum maxima</i> and to assess the effects of dietary supplementation with the probiotic <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i>, the prebiotic inulin, and their combination (synbiotic) on microbial diversity, snail growth, and survival. In total, 300 sexually immature snails (~9.8 g average body mass, ~5 months old) were assigned to four dietary groups (Control, Probiotic, Prebiotic, Synbiotic), each comprising three replicates of 25 snails. Individuals of similar size were placed in each container within the treatment groups. The Probiotic group received 1.25 mg of <i>L. plantarum</i> (1010 CFU/g) per 5 g of feed, the Prebiotic group received 1 g of inulin per 5 g of feed, and the Synbiotic group received both supplements at the same dosages. Over the 60-day trial, the gut microbiota was analyzed via 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing using Oxford Nanopore technology. The results revealed significant treatment-dependent shifts (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in microbial composition at both the phylum and genus levels. The dominant bacterial phyla identified were Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria, while a notable increase in unclassified microbial taxa was observed, especially in the inulin-supplemented groups. Despite its known probiotic properties, <i>L. plantarum</i> was not detected post-administration, suggesting a transient effect. The synbiotic group exhibited significantly higher microbial diversity (Shannon index, <i>p</i> < 0.05) but also the highest mortality rate. All groups showed limited weight gain, with reductions observed after day 30. Potentially pathogenic genera (e.g., <i>Klebsiella</i>, <i>Mycoplasma</i>, <i>Staphylococcus</i>) were detected but showed reduced abundance in the probiotic- and prebiotic-treated groups, suggesting a protective effect. Overall, probiotic supplementation with <i>L. plantarum</i> enhanced the abundance of beneficial Actinobacteria and reduced potentially pathogenic taxa, while the prebiotic inulin promoted the growth of unclassified but potentially beneficial genera. However, synbiotic administration, despite increasing microbial diversity, was associated with adverse outcomes including 100% mortality at day 60. These findings highlight both the potential and the risks of dietary manipulation of the snail microbiome, underscoring the need for cautious application of synbiotics in snail farming. They also underscore the dynamic nature of the snail gut microbiome and its responsiveness to dietary interventions, providing valuable insights for sustainable snail farming and future probiotic applications in invertebrate species.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"13 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12472428/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145176836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioconversion of a Dairy By-Product (<i>Scotta</i>) into Mannitol-Stabilized Violacein via <i>Janthinobacterium lividum</i> Fermentation.","authors":"Mario Trupo, Rosaria Alessandra Magarelli, Salvatore Palazzo, Vincenzo Larocca, Maria Martino, Anna Spagnoletta, Alfredo Ambrico","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms13092125","DOIUrl":"10.3390/microorganisms13092125","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Violacein is a natural pigment with a wide range of biological activities, including antimicrobial, antitumor, and immunostimulatory properties. However, its industrial-scale production is hindered by low yields from microbial fermentation. This study investigated the use of <i>scotta</i>, a low-value by-product of the dairy industry, as an alternative and cost-effective substrate for violacein biosynthesis using <i>Janthinobacterium lividum</i> DSM1522. Different types of <i>scotta</i>, including one derived from lactose-free cheese production, were characterized and tested in flask cultures and a 2 L bioreactor. The results demonstrated that both medium dilution and increased oxygen-transfer coefficient (k_La) significantly enhanced violacein production. In the bioreactor, a final yield of 58.72 mg of violacein for each litre of diluted <i>scotta</i> was achieved. The pigment was then stabilized through a spray-drying process using mannitol as a carrier, resulting in a water-soluble powder that retained antibacterial activity against <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>. The drying process also improved pigment solubility in water, suggesting its potential application in formulations to control Gram-positive bacteria. Overall, this study highlights the potential of <i>scotta</i> as a sustainable fermentation substrate and presents a promising encapsulation approach for violacein stabilization. However, further investigations are needed to optimize the spray-drying process, specifically, to characterize the microgranules and to determine their storage stability.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"13 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12472305/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145176515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comprehensive Review of Digestive Endoscopy-Associated Infections: Bacterial Pathogens, Host Susceptibility, and the Impact of Viral Hepatitis.","authors":"Deniz Günșahin, Vasile Șandru, Gabriel Constantinescu, Mădălina Ilie, Teodor Cabel, Ramona Ștefania Popescu, Bogdan Silviu Ungureanu, Victor Daniel Miron, Gheorghe G Balan, Diana Cotigă, Bogdan Miutescu, Gülşen Özkaya Şahin, Oana Săndulescu","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms13092128","DOIUrl":"10.3390/microorganisms13092128","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gastrointestinal (GI) interventional endoscopy has evolved into a cornerstone of modern gastroenterology, offering minimally invasive solutions for complex conditions. However, these procedures are not without risk, particularly with respect to post-procedural infections. While rare, such infections can have significant clinical consequences and are increasingly recognized as a public health concern. This narrative review provides a comprehensive overview of infections associated with GI endoscopy, focusing on transmission mechanisms, microbial agents involved, host susceptibility, preventive strategies, and diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Infections following GI endoscopy remain infrequent but clinically significant, particularly in high-risk procedures such as endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and endoscopic ultrasound. Duodenoscopes represent a major vector for exogenous infection, often involving multidrug-resistant bacteria such as <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, and <i>Enterococcus</i> spp. Host-related factors increase the risk of infection. Risk factors associated with post-endoscopic infections include advanced age, male sex, non-white ethnicity, immunosuppression, presence of cholangiocarcinoma, autoimmune diseases, liver cirrhosis of viral and/or alcoholic etiology, chronic kidney disease, high-risk cardiac conditions, or chemotherapy. New reprocessing methods, such as ethylene oxide gas sterilization, automated endoscope reprocessors, and selective use of single-use endoscopes and duodenoscopes, may contribute to lowering infection rates. Greater awareness of infection risks, improved infection control practices, and adherence to updated guidelines are crucial for enhancing patient safety in digestive endoscopy. Multidisciplinary strategies, including surveillance, device innovation, and personalized risk assessment, are needed to address this evolving challenge.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"13 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12472210/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145176367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dose-Dependent Effect of Tilmicosin Residues on <i>erm</i>A Rebound Mediated by <i>IntI</i>1 in Pig Manure Compost.","authors":"Pengfei Zhang, Qingnan Mo, Chang Liu, Qing Liu, Jiaojiao Xu, Yan Wang, Xin Wen, Yinbao Wu","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms13092123","DOIUrl":"10.3390/microorganisms13092123","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The impact of varying antibiotic residue levels on antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) removal during composting is still unclear. This study investigated the impact of different residue levels of tilmicosin (TIM), a common veterinary macrolide antibiotic, on ARG removal during pig manure composting. Three groups were used: the CK group (no TIM), the L group (246.49 ± 22.83 mg/kg TIM), and the H group (529.99 ± 16.15 mg/kg TIM). Composting removed most targeted macrolide resistance genes (MRGs) like <i>ere</i>A, <i>erm</i>C, and <i>erm</i>F (>90% removal), and reduced <i>erm</i>B, <i>erm</i>X, <i>erm</i>Q, <i>acr</i>A, <i>acr</i>B, and <i>mef</i>A (30-70% removal). However, <i>erm</i>A increased in abundance. TIM altered compost community structure, driving succession through a deterministic process. At low doses, TIM reduced MRG-bacteria co-occurrence, with horizontal gene transfer via <i>intI</i>1 being the main cause of <i>erm</i>A rebound. In conclusion, composting reduces many MRG levels in pig manure, but the persistence and rebound of genes like <i>erm</i>A reveal the complex interactions between composting conditions and microbial gene transfer.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"13 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12472723/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145176761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}