Microorganisms最新文献

{"title":"Prevalence of HDV, HCV, and HIV Infection in the Population of Patients Infected with HBV in a Romanian Cohort.","authors":"Antoanela Curici, Olivia Mioara Ilie, Dana Elena Mindru","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms13010118","DOIUrl":"10.3390/microorganisms13010118","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections remain a significant global health challenge, especially in low- and middle-income countries where access to healthcare services is often limited. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis delta virus (HDV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-infections in a cohort of 426,528 patients tested for HBsAg in Romania between 2018 and 2023. Of the 17,082 HBsAg-positive individuals (4.0% prevalence), the highest HBV positivity rates were observed in the 30-39 and over 60 age groups. Chronic HBV infection was identified in 13.2% of the cohort, with 3.6% testing positive for HBeAg, indicating active viral replication. Co-infection rates were 11.3% for HDV, 1.4% for HCV, and 0.45% for HIV. The incidence of HDV co-infection increased significantly from 2018 to 2023, particularly in older populations. HCV co-infection was more prevalent in individuals aged 50-59 and over 60, with a declining trend from 2020 onward. The study also revealed a weak correlation between liver enzyme levels (ALT and AST) and HBV viral load, suggesting that liver function tests may not fully reflect the severity of HBV infection. HIV co-infection was notably rare compared to other regions, likely due to regional healthcare interventions. The findings from our study highlight the need for targeted interventions, particularly for high-risk groups such as older adults and middle-aged individuals, to reduce the burden of chronic HBV and its complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11768068/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143040017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Combination of Shading and Potassium Application Regulated the Bulb Active Ingredients Accumulation in <i>Fritillaria thunbergii</i> Miq. by Affecting Rhizosphere Microecology.","authors":"Leran Wang, Bingbing Liang, Jia Liu, Huizhen Jin, Zixuan Zhu, Siyu Hao, Shumin Wang, Xiaoxiao Sheng, Xinshu Zhou, Honghai Zhu, Ning Sui","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms13010125","DOIUrl":"10.3390/microorganisms13010125","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The bulbs of the lily plant <i>Fritillaria thunbergii</i> Miq. possess substantial medicinal properties for relieving coughs and clearing the lungs. However, excessive pursuit of yield during cultivation has led to a decrease in medicinal ingredients. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effects of two single-factor treatments, shading (SK0) and potassium application (S0K), and their coupling treatment (SK) on bulb biomass and medicinal substance content, along with the role of rhizosphere microorganisms. Shading increased the content of active ingredients in bulbs by approximately 11.7% while decreasing bulb biomass by approximately 11.3%. SK treatment mitigated the biomass reduction caused by SK0 treatment while enhancing the accumulation of active ingredients in <i>F. thunbergii</i>, up to 1.2 times higher than that of SK0 treatment. In rhizosphere soil, <i>Allorhizobium-Neorhizobium-Pararhizobium-Rhizobium</i> (ANPR), <i>Chryseobacterium</i>, <i>Brevundimonas</i>, and <i>Phoma</i> exhibited significant positive correlations with medicinal components, among which ANPR, <i>Brevundimonas, Chryseobacterium,</i> and <i>Phoma</i> were responsive to SK treatments. Also, <i>Burkholderia-Caballeronia-Paraburkholderia</i> (BCP) and <i>Brevundimonas</i> responded to changes at different growth stages of <i>F. thunbergii.</i> The relative abundance of these microorganisms was associated with the alterations of soil factors resulting from shading or K application. Our results indicate that these microorganisms are beneficial to the growth of bulbs and the synthesis of active components in <i>F. thunbergii.</i> The combination of shading and K application may regulate the accumulation of medicinal substances in <i>F. thunbergii</i> by modulating the structure of the soil microbial community. Our results serve as a reference for soil improvement for medicinal plant cultivation.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11767283/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143040248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Iron Homeostasis Dysregulation, Oro-Gastrointestinal Microbial Inflammatory Factors, and Alzheimer's Disease: A Narrative Review.","authors":"Agata Kuziak, Piotr Heczko, Agata Pietrzyk, Magdalena Strus","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms13010122","DOIUrl":"10.3390/microorganisms13010122","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that profoundly impacts cognitive function and the nervous system. Emerging evidence highlights the pivotal roles of iron homeostasis dysregulation and microbial inflammatory factors in the oral and gut microbiome as potential contributors to the pathogenesis of AD. Iron homeostasis disruption can result in excessive intracellular iron accumulation, promoting the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative damage. Additionally, inflammatory agents produced by pathogenic bacteria may enter the body via two primary pathways: directly through the gut or indirectly via the oral cavity, entering the bloodstream and reaching the brain. This infiltration disrupts cellular homeostasis, induces neuroinflammation, and exacerbates AD-related pathology. Addressing these mechanisms through personalized treatment strategies that target the underlying causes of AD could play a critical role in preventing its onset and progression.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11767265/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143040134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nipah Virus: A Zoonotic Threat Re-Emerging in the Wake of Global Public Health Challenges.","authors":"Francesco Branda, Giancarlo Ceccarelli, Marta Giovanetti, Mattia Albanese, Erica Binetti, Massimo Ciccozzi, Fabio Scarpa","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms13010124","DOIUrl":"10.3390/microorganisms13010124","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The re-emergence of the Nipah virus (NiV) in Kerala, India, following the tragic death of a 14-year-old boy, underscores the persistent threat posed by zoonotic pathogens and highlights the growing global public health challenge. With no vaccine or curative treatment available, and fatality rates as high as 94% in past outbreaks, the Nipah virus is a critical concern for health authorities worldwide. Transmitted primarily through contact with fruit bats or consumption of contaminated food, as well as direct human-to-human transmission, NiV remains a highly lethal and unpredictable pathogen. The World Health Organization has classified Nipah as a priority pathogen due to its alarming potential to cause widespread outbreaks and even trigger the next pandemic. Recent outbreaks in India and Bangladesh, occurring with seasonal regularity, have once again exposed the vulnerability of public health systems in containing this virus. This study explores the epidemiology, ecological factors driving transmission, and the public health response to NiV, emphasizing the role of zoonotic spillovers in pandemic preparedness. As the global community grapples with an increasing number of emerging infectious diseases, the Nipah virus stands as a stark reminder of the importance of coordinated surveillance, rapid containment measures, and the urgent development of novel strategies to mitigate the impact of this re-emerging threat.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11767623/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143039544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gelatin Nanoemulsion-Based Co-Delivery of Terbinafine and Essential Oils for Treatment of <i>Candida albicans</i> Biofilms.","authors":"Muhammad Aamir Hassan, Sadaf Noor, Jungmi Park, Ahmed Nabawy, Maitri Dedhiya, Robin Patel, Vincent M Rotello","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms13010127","DOIUrl":"10.3390/microorganisms13010127","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fungal infections represent a significant global health challenge. <i>Candida albicans</i> is a particularly widespread pathogen, with both molecular and biofilm-based mechanisms making it resistant to or tolerant of available antifungal drugs. This study reports a combination therapy, active against <i>C. albicans</i>, utilizing terbinafine and essential oils incorporated into a gelatin-based nanoemulsion system (T-GNE). Eugenol and methyl eugenol/terbinafine T-GNEs had an additive efficacy, while carvacrol (CT-GNE) worked synergistically with terbinafine, providing effective antifungal treatment with minimal mammalian cell toxicity. Confocal microscopy demonstrated that CT-GNE penetrated the dense <i>C. albicans</i> biofilm and disrupted the fungal cell membrane. Overall, the combination of essential oils with terbinafine in GNE provided a promising treatment for fungal biofilms.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11767362/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143039835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-Methanogenic Potential of Seaweeds and Impact on Feed Fermentation and Rumen Microbiome In Vitro.","authors":"Pradeep Kumar Malik, Atul Purshottam Kolte, Shraddha Trivedi, Govindan Tamilmani, Archit Mohapatra, Shalini Vaswani, Johnson Belevendran, Artabandhu Sahoo, Achamveetil Gopalakrishnan, Raghavendra Bhatta","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms13010123","DOIUrl":"10.3390/microorganisms13010123","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A series of in vitro studies were conducted to explore the anti-methanogenic potential of five seaweeds collected from the Indian sea and to optimize the level(s) of incorporation of the most promising seaweed(s) into a straw and concentrate diet to achieve a significant reduction in methane (CH₄) production without disturbing rumen fermentation characteristics. A chemical composition analysis revealed a notable ash content varying between 55 and 70% in seaweeds. The crude protein content was highly variable and ranged between 3.25 and 15.3% of dry matter. Seaweeds contained appreciable concentrations of tannins and saponins. Among the seaweeds, <i>Spyridia filamentosa</i> exhibited significantly higher CH₄ production, whereas the percentage of CH₄ in total gas was significantly lower in the cases of <i>Kappaphycus alvarezii</i> and <i>Sargassum wightii</i>. The ranking of seaweeds in terms of CH₄ production (mL/g OM) is as follows: <i>Sargassum wightii</i> < <i>Kappaphycus alvarezii</i> < <i>Acanthophora specifera</i> < <i>Padina gymnospora</i> < <i>Spyridia filamentosa</i>. A remarkable decrease of 31-42% in CH₄ production was recorded with the incremental inclusion of <i>Kappaphycus alvarezii</i> at levels of 3-5% of the dry matter in the diet. The addition of <i>Sargassum wightii</i> led to a significant decrease of 36-48% in CH₄ emissions when incorporated at levels of 4-5% of dry matter, respectively. The findings of this study revealed a significant decrease in the numbers of total protozoa and <i>Entodinomorphs</i>, coupled with increasing abundances of sulfate-reducing microbes and minor methanogens. Metagenome data revealed that irrespective of the seaweed and treatment, the predominant microbial phyla included Bacteroidota, Bacillota, Pseudomonadota, Actinomycetota, Fibrobacterota, and Euryarchaeota. The prevalence of <i>Methanobrevibacter</i> was similar across treatments, constituting the majority (~79%) of the archaeal community. The results also demonstrated that the supplementation of <i>Kappaphycus alvarezii</i> and <i>Sargassum wightii</i> did not alter the feed fermentation pattern, and therefore, the reduction in CH₄ production in the present study could not be attributed to it. Animal studies are warranted to validate the extent of reduction in CH₄ production and the key processes involved by supplementation with <i>Kappaphycus alvarezii</i> and <i>Sargassum wightii</i> at the recommended levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11767398/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143039962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunogenicity of Type IV Pilin Proteins from <i>Clostridium perfringens</i> in Chickens.","authors":"Audrey Charlebois, Nicolas Deslauriers, Lila Maduro, Martine Boulianne","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms13010120","DOIUrl":"10.3390/microorganisms13010120","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Clostridium perfringens</i>, the causative agent of necrotic enteritis in chickens, is controlled by in-feed antibiotics. With increasing pressure to reduce antimicrobial use, the development of alternative preventive tools is needed. Type IV pili proteins have been shown to be immunogenic in many Gram-positive bacteria. The aims of this study were to evaluate the immunogenic potential of pilins (PilA1, PilA2 and PilA3) from <i>C. perfringens</i> in chickens and to verify their ability to protect against necrotic enteritis. Chickens were immunized twice with 50 µg of recombinant proteins and adjuvant, resulting in a good and specific serum antibody response. Next, one-day-old chicks were injected three times with the same vaccines, and then infected with <i>C. perfringens</i>. Mean OD₄₅₀ values ten times higher than the controls were obtained for IgY (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and a significantly lower cecal count of <i>C. perfringens</i> was observed in the birds injected with PilA3. However, no reduction in the severity of intestinal lesions was observed. All three pilin proteins were shown to be highly immunogenic in the chickens. Although immunization with the pilins did not protect the birds against necrotic enteritis in this study, it was interesting to observe that vaccination with the recombinant PilA3 protein reduced <i>C. perfringens</i> cecal colonization.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11767711/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143040075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reduced Presence of SARS-CoV-2 microRNA-like Small RNA in the Serum of Patients with Post-Acute Sequelae SARS-CoV-2 Infection.","authors":"Maria Alfreda Stincarelli, Isabella Abbate, Giulia Matusali, Michele Tanturli, Marta Camici, Rosaria Arvia, Elisabetta Lazzari, Eleonora Cimini, Alessandra Vergori, Fabrizio Maggi, Simone Giannecchini","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms13010126","DOIUrl":"10.3390/microorganisms13010126","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The mechanisms underlying post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC) are a topic of debate. This study examined the presence of SARS-CoV-2 microRNA (miRNA)-like small RNAs in extracellular fluids and their potential link to PASC by using a quantitative stem-loop RT-PCR MiRNA assay. Initially, it was demonstrated that three previously identified SARS-CoV-2 miRNA-like small RNAs, specifically svRNA 1 and 2 and miR-07a, were significantly expressed in infected cells in vitro and released into the supernatant following infection by different SARS-CoV-2 variants. Then, the expression of three SARS-CoV-2 small RNAs was studied in both nasopharyngeal swabs (NPS) and sera from 24 patients at their initial COVID-19 diagnosis (T0) and in sera collected 91 to 193 days post-diagnosis (T1). Notably, 11 out of 24 patients (46%) reported PASC consequences. All NPS samples showed SARS-CoV-2 small RNA expression with an altered cytokine network during acute infection, but it did not correlate with PASC outcomes. Serum samples had similar small RNA statuses, though PASC patients, notably at T1, but not at T0, displayed reduced overall positivity compared to those without PASC. The host target expression of SARS-CoV-2 small RNAs was not significantly different between groups. This suggests a need for further research into SARS-CoV-2 small RNA and its role in viral behavior and PASC consequences.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11767842/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143040217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of Fermentation Conditions for Increasing Erucamide Content in <i>Bacillus megaterium</i> Using Several Accelerants.","authors":"Hao Zhao, Yudan Xie, Zhu Li, Longfeng Wei, Renli Ai","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms13010108","DOIUrl":"10.3390/microorganisms13010108","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As a food packaging sliding agent, erucamide is widely used in the field of food packaging, but the traditional synthesis method of erucamide faces the problems of insufficient raw materials and low yield of colza oil. Our laboratory has found that <i>Bacillus megaterium</i> L2 has the potential to produce erucamide. This study aims to improve the ability of <i>B. megaterium</i> L2 to produce erucamide by adding various accelerants to optimize the fermentation conditions. Univariate and orthogonal tests showed that 0.3% Tween 80, 0.004% Ca²⁺, 0.04% colza oil, and 0.02% chloroform were the best regulation conditions for erucamide production of the L2 strain, and erucamide content reached 1.778 mg/L, which was 32.59% higher than the blank group and 60.26% higher than before fermentation culture. The mechanism of membrane metabolism in the L2 strain was further investigated, and our data suggested that the conductivity, nucleic acid and protein content, and β-galactosidase activity of L2 were increased significantly after treatment with accelerants, indicating that the accelerants changed the cell membrane permeability of the L2 strain but did not harm or kill the bacteria. Moreover, GC-MS analysis of the cell membrane fatty acids of the L2 strain showed that the ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acid components increased from 0.893 to 1.856, which increased the fluidity and reduced the rigidity of the cell membrane. This study could provide some theoretical reference for microbial erucamide fermentation.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11767610/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143039823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive Analysis of the Proteome of <i>S. cerevisiae</i> Wild-Type and <i>pdr</i>5Δ Cells in Response to Bisphenol A (BPA) Exposure.","authors":"Valentina Rossio, Joao A Paulo","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms13010114","DOIUrl":"10.3390/microorganisms13010114","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bisphenol A, an endocrine-disrupting compound, is widely used in the industrial production of plastic products. Despite increasing concerns about its harmful effects on human health, animals, and the environment, the use of BPA has been banned only in infant products, and its effects on cellular processes are not fully understood. To investigate the impact of BPA on eukaryotic cells, we analyzed the proteome changes of wild-type and <i>PDR5</i>-deleted <i>S. cerevisiae</i> strains exposed to different doses of BPA using sample multiplexing-based proteomics. We found that the ABC multidrug transporter Pdr5 plays an important role in protecting yeast cells from BPA toxicity, with its absence significantly sensitizing cells to BPA. BPA inhibited yeast growth in a dose-dependent manner, with a more pronounced effect in <i>PDR5</i>-deleted cells. Proteomic analysis revealed that BPA induces widespread dose-dependent changes in protein abundance, including the upregulation of metabolic pathways such as arginine biosynthesis and the downregulation of mitochondrial proteins. Additionally, we observed markers of cellular stress induced by BPA by identifying multiple stress-induced proteins that were upregulated by this compound. As cellular processes affected by BPA have been shown to be evolutionarily conserved, these insights can advance our understanding of BPA's cellular impact and its broader effects on human health.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11767658/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143040206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}