Microorganisms最新文献

{"title":"Diversity, Composition, and Ecological Function of Endophytic Fungal Communities Associated with <i>Erigeron breviscapus</i> in China.","authors":"Yi Zhao, Hui Wu, Fang Wang, Liangzhou Zhao, Weijun Gong, Haiyan Li","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms13051080","DOIUrl":"10.3390/microorganisms13051080","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Endophytic fungi (EF) play crucial roles in accelerating the accumulation of medicinal components and regulating the survival and reproduction of medicinal plants. <i>Erigeron breviscapus</i> is a well-known traditional Chinese medicinal plant with effective therapeutic effects and a wide application, but little is known about the diversity, community structure, and ecological roles of EF in this plant. Here, the EF communities associated with different tissues of <i>E. breviscapus</i> at two seasons were studied by high-throughput sequencing methods. Furthermore, FUNGuild was performed to predict the ecological functions of the fungi. <i>Didymella</i> was found to be the most dominant genus across all four tissues, followed by <i>Plectosphaerella</i>, <i>Filobasidium</i>, <i>Cystofilobasidium</i>, and <i>Cladosporium</i>. Notably, the dominant and unique genera and biomarkers of four tissues were different. Interestingly, it was found that the roots had the highest fungal richness and diversity in summer. Moreover, both PCoA plots and PERMANOVA analyses indicated that the tissue and season were main factors contributing to the differences in the fungal communities of <i>E. breviscapus</i>. FUNGuild prediction revealed that pathotroph-saprotroph fungi and undefined taxa accounted for a high proportion in the EF of <i>E. breviscapus</i>. We also found some valuable endophytes that encouraged deeper investigation. These findings provide a theoretical reference for the further development and utilization of EF resources in <i>E. breviscapus</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"13 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12113810/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144160304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occurrence of Multiple <i>stx1</i> Genes and Rare Genomic Variation in <i>stx1</i> Shiga Toxin-Producing <i>Escherichia coli</i>.","authors":"Michaela Projahn, Maria Borowiak, Matthias Contzen, Ekkehard Hiller, Christiane Werckenthin, Elisabeth Schuh, Carlus Deneke","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms13051079","DOIUrl":"10.3390/microorganisms13051079","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Shiga toxin-producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> are important foodborne pathogens. There are several subtypes of the Shiga toxin Stx known, with Stx2 (a-o) being more diverse than Stx1 (a, c, d). Multiple occurrences of <i>stx2</i> genes as well as combinations of <i>stx1</i> and <i>stx2</i> have been reported. However, there is a lack of knowledge on the occurrence of multiple <i>stx1</i> genes in STEC strains. Here, we report two strains from food and animal feces which show genomic variations in the <i>stx1</i> operon. The first strain harbors <i>stx1a</i> and <i>stx1c</i> genes, and the second strain shows an inactive <i>stx1</i> operon due to an insertion in the <i>stxA1a</i> subunit gene. The screening of publicly available complete genome sequences of STEC revealed further strains harboring multiple <i>stx1</i> genes, indicating that those strains also occur in human infections. This should be kept in mind when applying routine diagnostic methods like PCR, that do not detect multiple occurrences of <i>stx1</i> genes of the same subtype. Moreover, the impact on the severity of human infections due to multiple <i>stx1</i> genes has not been investigated well.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"13 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12113909/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144160339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Effectiveness of Antiviral Agents and Monoclonal Antibodies for Early SARS-CoV-2 Therapy in Immunocompromised Patients: A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study (March 2021-March 2022).","authors":"Serena Vita, Gaetano Maffongelli, Tommaso Ascoli Bartoli, Domenico Benvenuto, Raffaella Marocco, Silvia Rosati, Valentina Mazzotta, Cosmo Del Borgo, Ilaria Mastrorosa, Patrizia De Marco, Alessandra D'Abramo, Fabrizio Maggi, Andrea Antinori, Miriam Lichtner, Emanuele Nicastri, Covid Group","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms13051076","DOIUrl":"10.3390/microorganisms13051076","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Immunocompromised (IC) patients continue to be at risk of severe COVID-19 despite vaccination and anti-SARS-CoV-2 therapies. The comparative effectiveness of antiviral agents (AVAs) and monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) as early treatment of SARS-CoV-2 in IC patients is described in this work. This retrospective multicenter cohort study included IC outpatients diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 between March 2021 and March 2022 at the National Institute for Infectious Diseases \"Lazzaro Spallanzani\" and Santa Maria Goretti University Hospital, Italy. Patients received either AVAs or MoAbs based on national guidelines. The primary outcome was time to negative nasopharyngeal swab (NPS). The secondary outcomes were COVID-19-related hospitalization or death by day 30. Among 1472 IC patients (with a median age of 58 years, 45% male), 688 (46%) were treated with MoAbs, and 783 (54%) were treated with AVAs. The patients treated with MoAbs had a higher duration to negative NPS (17 vs. 11 days, <i>p</i> < 0.05) and a higher risk of sustained SARS-CoV-2 positivity on day 7 (OR: 3.0, 95% CI: 1.72-5.23, <i>p</i> < 0.01) and day 30 (OR: 6.0, 95% CI: 3.7-10.5, <i>p</i> < 0.01) than those treated with AVAs. There were no differences in hospitalization or mortality. AVAs were associated with a more rapid viral clearance than MoAbs, suggesting a potential advantage for reducing infectious duration in IC patients. Additional studies are necessary to further optimize the early treatment of COVID-19 in this high-risk population.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"13 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12114435/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144159722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dysregulated Adaptive Immune Responses to SARS-CoV-2 in Immunocompromised Individuals.","authors":"Núria Mayola Danés, Demi Brownlie, Rebecca Folkman, Anna Nordlander, Kim Blom, Renata Varnaite, Julia Niessl, Oskar Karlsson Lindsjö, Sandra Söderholm, Mira Akber, Puran Chen, Marcus Buggert, Andreas Bråve, Jonas Klingström, Piotr Nowak, Nicole Marquardt, Klara Sondén, Ola Blennow, Sara Gredmark-Russ","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms13051077","DOIUrl":"10.3390/microorganisms13051077","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The SARS-CoV-2 virus poses a significant risk to immunocompromised patients, who display weakened immunity and reduced seroconversion following infection and vaccination. In this study, we recruited 19 hospitalized patients with immune disorders (ImCo) and 4 immunocompetent controls (ICC) with COVID-19. We evaluated their serological, humoral, and cellular immune responses at <30 days and >90 days post-symptom onset. ICC patients showed robust B and T cell responses against SARS-CoV-2, indicated by detectable antibody levels, memory antibody-secreting cells (mASCs) towards the spike protein and spike-specific CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells. ImCo patients showed impaired immune responses, with lower levels of B cell responses. Further subdivision of the ImCo patients demonstrates that solid organ transplant (SOT) patients generated B cell responses similar to ICC patients, whereas the other ImCo patients, including patients with hematological malignancies and anti-CD20 therapy, did not. Absolute T cell numbers and spike-specific CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cell responses were low in the ImCo patients at <30 days but increased at later time points. Our findings suggest that even when B cell responses were reduced, patients could present a T cell response, suggesting a more successful line of passive immunization for immunocompromised individuals focusing on boosting T cell responses.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"13 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12114339/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144160229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MRSA Profiles Reveal Age- and Gender-Specificity in a Tertiary Care Hospital: High Burden in ICU Elderly and Emerging Community Patterns in Youth.","authors":"Kamaleldin B Said, Khalid Alshammari, Ruba M Elsaid Ahmed, Fawwaz Alshammari, Ahmed H Jadani, Ihab Rakha, Salem A Almijrad, Anwar E Almallahi, Bader Alkharisi, Naif M Altamimi, Tarig Mahmoud, Nada A Abozaid, Amal D Alshammari","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms13051078","DOIUrl":"10.3390/microorganisms13051078","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA) is a devastating global health concern. Hypervirulent strains are on the rise, causing morbidities and mortalities worldwide. In tertiary care hospitals, critically ill patients, those undergoing invasive procedures, and pediatric and geriatric patients are at risk. It is not fully clear how strains adapt and specialize in humans and emerge despite the well-established commonality of the <i>S. aureus</i> genome from humans and animals. This study investigates the influence of age-, gender-, and source-specific profiles (clinical, intensive care unit (ICU vs. non-ICU)) on the evolution of hospital-associated (HA)-MRSA versus community-associated (CA)-MRSA lineages. A total of 253 non-duplicate <i>S. aureus</i> isolates were obtained from May 2023 to March 2025. The patients were stratified by age and gender in ICUs and non-ICUs. Standard microbiology methods and Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines were used for identification and susceptibility testing, with cefoxitin and oxacillin disk diffusions and molecular diagnosis confirming MRSA. Mann-Whitney U and Chi-square tests assessed the demographic distributions, clinical specimen sources, and MRSA/methicillin-sensitive <i>S. aureus</i> (MSSA) prevalence. Of 253, 41.9% originated from ICUs (71% male; 29% female) and 58.1% from non-ICU wards (64% male; 36% female). In both settings, MRSA colonized the two extremes of age (10-29 and 70+) for males and females, with different mid-life peaks or declines by gender. However, the overall demographic distribution did not differ significantly between the ICU and non-ICU groups (<i>p</i> = 0.287). Respiratory specimens constituted 37% and had the highest MRSA rate (42%), followed by blood (24.5%) and wounds (10.3%). In contrast, MSSA dominated wounds (20.3%). Overall, 73.9% were resistant to cefoxitin and cefotaxime, whereas vancomycin, linezolid, daptomycin, and tigecycline remained highly effective. Younger non-ICU patients (10-29) had higher MSSA, whereas older ICU ones showed pronounced HA-MRSA profiles. By the virtue of methicillin resistance, all MRSA were classified as multidrug resistance. Thus, MRSA colonization of the two extremes of life mostly in ICU seniors and the dominance of invasive MSSA and CA-MRSA patterns in non-ICU youth imply early age- and gender-specific adaptations of the three lineages. MRSA colonizes both ICU and non-ICU populations at extremes of age and gender specifically. High β-lactam resistance underscores the importance of robust stewardship and age- and gender-specific targeting in screening. These findings also indicate host- and organ-specificity in the sequalae of MSSA, CA-MRSA, and HA-MRSA evolutionary dynamics, emphasizing the need for continued surveillance to mitigate MRSA transmission and optimize patient outcomes in tertiary care settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"13 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12113950/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144160119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ferric Uptake Regulator Contributes to <i>Pseudomonas donghuensis</i> HYS-Induced Iron Metabolic Disruption in <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>.","authors":"Donghao Gao, Liwen Shen, Yelong Lin, Shuo Huang, Zhixiong Xie","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms13051081","DOIUrl":"10.3390/microorganisms13051081","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Iron is essential for vital biological processes, with its metabolism closely linked to host-pathogen interactions. <i>Pseudomonas donghuensis</i> HYS, with its superior iron uptake capacity, demonstrates pronounced virulence toward <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>. However, the virulence mechanisms remain unexplored. Ferric uptake regulator (Fur) regulates iron homeostasis and pathogenicity in bacteria, yet its role in HYS-mediated <i>C. elegans</i> pathogenesis requires systematic investigation. In this study, comparing the pathogenic processes of HYS and <i>P. aeruginosa</i> PA14 revealed that HYS causes stronger, irreversible toxicity via distinct mechanisms. Transcriptomics revealed that HYS infection disrupts <i>C. elegans</i> iron metabolism pathways, specifically iron transport, and iron-sulfur cluster utilization. Fur was identified as a pivotal regulator in HYS virulence and was indispensable for its colonization. Specifically, Fur was critical for disrupting nematode iron metabolism, as <i>fur</i> deletion eliminated this effect. While Fur regulated two HYS siderophores, neither of them mediated in the iron metabolism disruption of <i>C. elegans</i>. Screening identified Fur-regulated virulence factors to further investigate the function of Fur in HYS virulence, particularly alkaline proteases, and type II secretion system components. This study highlight that HYS can disrupt the iron metabolism pathway in <i>C. elegans</i>; Fur serves as a pivotal positive regulator in HYS-induced damage, particularly in disrupting iron metabolism through a siderophore-independent pathway. These findings expand the understanding of <i>Pseudomonas</i> pathogenicity and Fur-mediated virulence regulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"13 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12114261/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144160405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HABS-BLOCKS© Inhibited <i>Microcystis</i> and <i>Planktothrix</i> and Reduced Microcystin Concentrations in a Lake Water Mesocosm Study.","authors":"Cameron Gastaldo, Stephen Vesper","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms13051074","DOIUrl":"10.3390/microorganisms13051074","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Toxins produced by cyanobacteria are a threat to drinking water and the aquatic ecosystem. Previously, we reported that adding glucose to lake water could reduce cyanobacterial populations. To target the glucose to the euphotic zone, floating HABS-BLOCKS© infused with glucose were created. On 12 June 2024, 24 L of bloom lake water was collected, and then 6 L was aliquoted into each of four 7 L mesocosms. Two HABS-BLOCKS© were added to each of two replicate treatment mesocosms, while two \"Dummy\" HABS-BLOCKS© (same but without glucose) were added to each of two control mesocosms. Cyanobacteria cell densities and microcystin concentrations were measured weekly. Total nitrogen and phosphorus and other water quality variables including dissolved oxygen, specific conductivity, and turbidity were measured at the end of the six-week experiment. Initially, <i>Microcystis</i> was measured at 2.4 × 10³ cells/mL and <i>Planktothrix</i> at 5.0 × 10² cells/mL. After 6 weeks, both the <i>Microcystis</i> and <i>Planktothrix</i> population were significantly lower in the treated mesocosms compared to the controls. The initial microcystin concentration averaged 10.4 µg/L. By the third week of the experiment, the microcystin concentration was about 70% lower in the treated mesocosms. Total nitrogen was also lower in the HABS-BLOCKS©-treated mesocosm, but the other water quality measures were similar between the control and treated mesocosms. HABS-BLOCKS© appeared to reduce cyanobacterial cell densities, lower toxin concentrations, and lower total nitrogen while not having negative impacts on other water quality measures. Although much remains to be learned, this technology may someday be useful in suppressing HABS.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"13 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12114161/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144160020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Selected Phosphate-Solubilizing Bacteria on the Growth of Cotton Plants in Salinized Farmlands.","authors":"Tong Wang, Yan Sun, Hong Huang, Ziwei Li, Hua Fan, Xudong Pan, Yiwen Wang, Yuxin Cao, Kaiyong Wang, Le Yang","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms13051075","DOIUrl":"10.3390/microorganisms13051075","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The utilization rate of phosphorus fertilizer is low in Xinjiang, China, due to the fact that phosphorus is easily fixed by the widely distributed lime soil, leading to the limited contribution of phosphorus fertilizer to crop yield and a decline in crop quality. Phosphate-soluble bacteria can convert insoluble phosphates in the soil into soluble phosphates, playing an important role in soil phosphorus circulation and plant growth. In this study, two bacteria with strong phosphate-solubilizing ability, <i>Enterobacter hormaechei</i> (P1) and <i>Bacillus atrophaeus</i> (P2), were selected from severely salinized soils in Xinjiang, China. The taxonomic status of the strains was determined by analyzing the colony morphology and 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. Then, the content of organic acids and the activity of acid phosphatase and phytase in the P1 and P2 fermentation broths were measured. Finally, field experiments were conducted in 20 April-2 October 2023 in Wulanwusu, Xinjiang, China, to analyze the effects of phosphate-solubilizing bacterial agents (P1, P2, and P3 (P1 + P2)) on soil physicochemical properties, microbial diversity, and cotton yield. The results showed that both P1 and P2 could significantly solubilize phosphates and produce indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), lactic acid, and tartaric acid. In the cotton field under phosphorus fertilization, the cotton yield of P1, P2, and P3 treatments increased by 10.77%, 8.48%, and 14.00%, respectively, compared with no bacterial agent treatment (CK) (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In addition, the application of phosphate-solubilizing bacterial agents also significantly increased the content of available nutrients and the abundances of <i>Acidobacteria</i>, <i>Bacteroidetes</i>, <i>Fusarium</i>, <i>Bacteroidetes</i>, and <i>Verrucobacteria</i> in the soil compared with CK. In summary, inoculating with phosphate-solubilizing bacteria could promote cotton growth and yield formation by increasing soil available nutrients and altering soil microbial communities. This study will provide a basis for the efficient utilization of phosphorus resources and sustainable agricultural development.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"13 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12114389/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144160434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Kytococcus</i> Species Infections in Humans-A Narrative Review.","authors":"Petros Ioannou, Eleni Kampanieri, Stergos Koukias, Stella Baliou, Andreas G Tsantes, Diamantis Kofteridis","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms13051072","DOIUrl":"10.3390/microorganisms13051072","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Kytococcus</i> belongs to the family Kytococcaceae, in the order Micrococcales, in the class Actinomycetes, and the phylum Actinomycetota. <i>Kytococcus</i> are aerobic, Gram-positive, non-spore forming bacteria that form coccoid, non-motile, non-encapsulated cells, and their colonies on agar have a yellow color. Infections by these species are increasingly identified nowadays. This narrative review aimed to present all available cases of <i>Kytococcus</i> spp. infections in humans, emphasizing data on the epidemiology, antimicrobial resistance, antimicrobial treatment, and mortality. A narrative review based on a literature search of the PubMed/MedLine and Scopus databases was performed. Results: In total, 26 articles providing data on 30 patients with <i>Kytococcus</i> spp. infections were included in this analysis. The median age was 59.5 years, while 56.7% were male. The presence of a prosthetic cardiac valve was the main predisposing factor in 36.7% of patients (100% among those with infective endocarditis), while immunosuppression due to underlying hematological malignancy under chemotherapy was the second most common. Bacteremia was the most common type of infection, with infective endocarditis being the most common subtype in this infection type, while respiratory tract infections and osteoarticular infections were also relatively common. <i>K. schroeteri</i> was the most commonly identified species. Microbial identification required the use of advanced molecular techniques such as 16s rRNA sequencing in most cases. <i>Kytotoccus</i> spp. was resistant to all beta-lactams with the exception of carbapenems and macrolides. The most commonly used antimicrobials were vancomycin and rifampicin. Mortality was significant (30%). Due to the potential of <i>Kytotoccus</i> spp. to cause infective endocarditis in patients with prosthetic cardiac valves and respiratory tract infections with concomitant bacteremia in patients with hematological malignancy under chemotherapy along with the difficulties in pathogen identification, clinicians and laboratory personnel should consider this pathogen in the differential diagnosis in patients with typical predisposing factors and clinical presentation, especially when traditional microbiological techniques are used for pathogen identification.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"13 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12113731/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144159893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Relationship Between Gut Microbiota and Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion.","authors":"Yiyao Huang, Ruijie Fang, Ting Xiong, Wei Li, Nan Yu","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms13051073","DOIUrl":"10.3390/microorganisms13051073","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recently, the gut microbiota has been found to be associated with multiple organs and systems in the human body, playing a key role in the occurrence and development of various diseases, such as the gut-brain axis and the gut-liver axis. However, its interaction with miscarriages remains poorly understood. This article reviews the characteristics of gut microbiota and its metabolites in patients with recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA), the mechanism of gut microbiota inducing RSA, and potential therapeutic strategies. Therefore, it provides a new perspective on the gut microbiota in the pathogenesis and treatment of recurrent abortion, and the prospect of the future research direction of gut microbiota and recurrent abortion is proposed based on existing studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"13 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12114443/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144160443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}