Microorganisms最新文献

{"title":"Molecular Epidemiology of Pityriasis Versicolor Reveals a Remarkably High Prevalence of <i>Malassezia japonica</i> in Coastal South India.","authors":"Jayaprakash Sasikumar, Bharati Naik, Manjunath M Shenoy, Tamalika Manna, Shankar Prasad Das","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms14102318","DOIUrl":"10.3390/microorganisms14102318","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pityriasis versicolor (PV) is a common superficial mycosis caused by lipophilic yeasts of the genus <i>Malassezia</i>. Despite its high prevalence, comprehensive molecular epidemiological data on <i>Malassezia</i> species associated with PV remain limited in several regions of India. Therefore, our study investigated the molecular epidemiology, demographic characteristics, seasonal variation, clinical manifestations, anatomical distribution, and associated predisposing factors among patients with PV from the coastal region of Karnataka. A total of 147 patients clinically diagnosed with PV were included in this study. Skin scrapings were isolated and cultured on lipid-rich media, and isolates were identified using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequencing. Molecular identification was performed for 182 <i>Malassezia</i> isolates. <i>Malassezia furfur</i> was the predominant species at 51.1% (93 isolates), followed by <i>Malassezia japonica</i> at 34.1% (62), <i>Malassezia restricta</i> at 5.5% (10), <i>Malassezia slooffiae</i> at 3.3% (6), <i>Malassezia sympodialis</i> at 2.2% (4), <i>Malassezia arunalokei</i> at 2.2% (4), <i>Malassezia globosa</i> at 1.1% (2), and <i>Malassezia pachydermatis</i> at 0.6% (1). In addition, 20 non-<i>Malassezia</i> yeast isolates were identified, including <i>Candida</i>, <i>Rhodotorula</i>, <i>Meyerozyma</i>, and <i>Trichosporon</i>. The study population had a mean age of 27.8 ± 14.9 years, with a male-to-female ratio of 2.2:1. Most cases occurred among individuals aged 10-39 years, while <i>M. furfur</i> remained the predominant species across all age groups and both genders. Seasonal variation was evident, with the highest number of cases recorded during September. Clinically, hypopigmented macules were the predominant lesion type, and the back was the most frequently affected anatomical site. Underlying medical conditions or potential predisposing factors were identified in 18 patients (12.2%), with alcohol-related disorders and immunosuppressive conditions being the most frequently documented. Analyzing all these data, the present study provides updated molecular epidemiological data on <i>Malassezia</i> species causing PV in the coastal region of Karnataka. The predominance of <i>M. furfur</i> and the unexpectedly high prevalence of <i>M. japonica</i> highlight the importance of molecular identification for accurate species-level characterization.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"14 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13707797/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149270549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection and Genetic Analysis of Jingmen Tick Virus in Greece.","authors":"Styliani Pappa, Katerina Tsioka, Smaragda Sotiraki, Danai Pervanidou, Anna Papa","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms14102321","DOIUrl":"10.3390/microorganisms14102321","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Jingmen tick virus (JMTV) is an emerging, segmented RNA virus in the <i>Flaviviridae</i> family. Since its first identification in 2010 in China, JMTV has been detected in several parts of the world, primarily in ticks, but also in other arthropods, mammals, and even humans. The study included 400 adult ticks (333 <i>Rhipicephalus bursa</i>, 40 <i>Ixodes ricinus</i> and 27 <i>Ixodes gibbosus</i>) previously collected from livestock and the environment in various administrative regions of Greece. The ticks were grouped into 107 pools and screened for JMTV using an in-house real-time RT-PCR protocol. JMTV was detected in 41 (38.3%) tick pools (minimum infection rate 10.2%) in five of the seven regions tested. The virus positivity differed among tick species, hosts and regions. A single JMTV-positive <i>R. bursa</i> tick has been previously found co-infected with Aigai virus. Five positive pools with the highest viral load (Ct range 14.61-20.36) were subjected to metagenomic next-generation sequencing. Genetic analysis based on the complete coding sequences of all four RNA segments revealed that the sequences of the Greek strains cluster within JMTV Group 1, sharing 95.41% to 97.16% nucleotide identity with their closest relatives from Kosovo, Romania, and Türkiye. The results of the study confirm the wide distribution of JMTV in ticks in Greece, providing the first comprehensive genomic data for the virus in the country and highlighting the need for surveillance studies to assess any public health risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"14 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13707686/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149270480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coupled Thermal-pH and Sulfur Gradients Shape Chloroflexota-Dominated Bacterial Communities at a Residual Xinjiang Coal-Fire Vent.","authors":"Ming Zhong, Haiping Huang, Yanze Sun, Yafeng Li, Wanxin Hao, Shuo Huang, Hong Zhang","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms14102327","DOIUrl":"10.3390/microorganisms14102327","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Residual coal-fire gas vents form steep thermal and geochemical gradients that create sharply distinct microbial habitats over short distances. We compared the microbial communities of two microhabitats at a residual vent near Kuitun City, Xinjiang: BS1, a gas-emitting fracture at 64 °C, and BS2, adjacent cooler sediment at 43 °C. BS1 had pH 6.8 and total sulfur 5.86 g/kg, whereas BS2 had pH 8.4 and total sulfur 1.90 g/kg. Illumina sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene V3-V4 region yielded 52,327 and 64,212 merged read pairs retained for downstream analyses for BS1 and BS2, respectively. BS1 contained fewer observed amplicon sequence variants (ASVs; 524 versus 1366) and lower Shannon diversity (5.626 versus 6.588). Chloroflexota dominated both communities but was more abundant in BS1 (43.83% versus 36.33%), whereas BS2 contained larger Proteobacteria and Bacteroidota fractions. BS1 was enriched in <i>Pyrinomonas</i>, unclassified Chloroflexota, unclassified Anaerolineae, and <i>Thermorudis</i>, while BS2 was enriched in <i>Thermogemmatispora</i>, <i>Massilia</i>, and <i>Arthrobacter</i>. At this vent, the hot fracture therefore supported a lower-diversity, Chloroflexota-enriched community, whereas cooler sediment supported a richer and more compositionally diverse community. Together with the mineralogical observations, these results reveal sharp site-scale partitioning of bacterial assemblages across a coupled thermal-pH-sulfur gradient.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"14 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13707473/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149270427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulated Warming Alters Soil Nutrient Dynamics Through Microbial Community Shifts During Wetland Plant Litter Decomposition.","authors":"Jiaxin Wang, Guangying Zhao, Qing Xu, Lijuan Zhang, Xingfeng Dong","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms14102320","DOIUrl":"10.3390/microorganisms14102320","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plant litter decomposition drives soil biogeochemical cycling, yet how warming alters interactions among litter quality, microbial communities, and soil C, N, and P transformations remains unclear. We conducted a 90-day soil microcosm incubation at 15, 25, and 35 °C using single and mixed litter of <i>Calamagrostis angustifolia</i> and <i>Carex lasiocarpa</i> from the Xingkai Lake wetland to assess warming effects on decomposition, microbial communities, and C, N, and P dynamics. Warming significantly accelerated decomposition, with the highest decomposition constant observed for mixed litter at 35 °C. Mixed litter showed greater temperature sensitivity at 25-35 °C, whereas decomposition rates were weakly correlated with initial litter C/N, C/P, and N/P ratios. Warming and decomposition time reshaped microbial communities, with bacterial diversity increasing over time and fungal diversity declining at 35 °C. Despite accelerated mass loss, C, N, and P dynamics remained asynchronous, with net C release in some treatments, net N accumulation, and litter-dependent P responses. Three-way ANOVA, RDA, and partial least squares structural equation modeling were used to examine associations among environmental factors, microbial attributes, litter decomposition, and soil C, N, and P status. Overall, warming modifies relationships among litter quality, microbial communities, and C, N, and P transformations, providing insights into freshwater wetland responses to climate warming.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"14 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13707877/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149270616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary Proanthocyanidins Are Associated with Changes in the Fecal Microbiota and Serum Bile Acid Profiles of LPS-Challenged Weaned Piglets.","authors":"Xiyue Chang, Aiying Yu, Lian Chen, Dan Wang, Zhiyi Li, Jianan Wu, Weiguo Zhao, Zhenjiang Wang, Sen Lin","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms14102324","DOIUrl":"10.3390/microorganisms14102324","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Inflammatory stress can disrupt gut microbial communities and bile acid (BA) metabolism in weaned piglets; whether dietary proanthocyanidins (PACs) can alleviate such alterations remains unclear. Eighteen 21-day-old Duroc × Landrace barrows were randomly assigned to control (CON), lipopolysaccharide-challenged (LPS), and LPS-challenged PAC-supplemented (LPS + PAC; 250 mg/kg diet) groups for a 21-day trial. Fecal microbiota and serum BAs were assessed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and targeted liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, respectively. LPS challenge increased the relative abundance of <i>Fusobacteriota</i> and enriched several taxa associated with inflammatory dysbiosis, including <i>Proteobacteria</i>, <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i>, and <i>Escherichia-Shigella.</i> Compared with the LPS group, PAC supplementation was associated with a lower relative abundance of <i>Firmicutes</i> and higher relative abundances of <i>Mitsuokella</i> and <i>Dorea.</i> LPS challenge reduced the serum concentrations of several primary and secondary BAs and increased the concentrations of sulfated BAs. PAC supplementation was associated with lower concentrations of several BAs but a higher glycoursodeoxycholic acid (GUDCA) concentration than LPS alone. GUDCA was negatively correlated with several LPS-enriched taxa. These findings indicate that PAC supplementation was associated with changes in selected fecal bacterial taxa and serum BA concentrations during LPS challenge. Whether these microbial and BA changes are causally related requires further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"14 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13707881/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149270495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Prey-Bacterivore Interaction: CdtB Involvement in the Cytotoxicity Mechanism of <i>Escherichia albertii</i> Against <i>Tetrahymena thermophila</i> CU427.","authors":"Istiana Nur Vidayanti, Kenta Watanabe, Ema Fujino, Takashi Shimizu, Masahisa Watarai","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms14102317","DOIUrl":"10.3390/microorganisms14102317","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Escherichia albertii</i> is a Gram-negative, facultative anaerobic bacillus recognized as a zoonotic foodborne pathogen. Aquatic <i>E. albertii</i> populations likely coexist with protist hosts. Dynamic interactions between pathogenic bacteria and their protist predators may extend beyond shared growth spaces and involve host-directed cytotoxicity. <i>E. albertii</i> carries cytotoxicity-associated genes such as <i>cdt</i>, <i>stx</i>, and <i>astA.</i> This study aimed to elucidate the role of <i>cdtB</i> in <i>E. albertii</i> interaction within the <i>Tetrahymena thermophila</i> CU427 strain. Cytolethal distending toxins (CDTs) are tripartite protein exotoxins; CdtB requires CdtA and CdtC to bind to the glycosphingolipids ganglioside GM1 and GM3 and induce full cytotoxicity in mammalian cells. Ganglioside GM1 was highly distributed in CU427 in our study, whereas GM3 showed no comparable distribution, suggesting that ganglioside GM1 may act as a receptor for CdtB in <i>Tetrahymena</i> cells. However, cholera toxin B subunit treatment failed to inhibit <i>E. albertii</i> cytotoxicity against CU427. A LIVE/DEAD assay using Carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester/Propidium Iodide staining was conducted for CU427 infected with <i>E. coli</i> expressing recombinant <i>E. albertii</i> CdtB. CU427 viable cell number decreased half-fold after 24 h in a similar tendency with <i>E. albertii</i> infection. These results indicate that CdtB is involved in <i>E. albertii</i> cytotoxicity against protist hosts, particularly <i>Tetrahymena</i>, and suggest that the cytotoxic mechanism, especially its interaction with host cells, differs from that in mammalian cells. Thus, this study provides deeper insights into the involvement of CdtB in the <i>E. albertii</i> cytotoxicity mechanism.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"14 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13707837/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149270556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Neooleiphilus portus</i> gen. nov., sp. nov. and <i>Paroleiphilus aggregans</i> gen. nov., sp. nov., Two Novel Nitrate-Reducing Bacteria Isolated from Estuarine Sediments.","authors":"Zhaobin Huang, Qiliang Lai","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms14102307","DOIUrl":"10.3390/microorganisms14102307","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Two novel bacteria, designated strain G1-8^T and J1-3^T, were isolated from estuarine sediment samples collected from Jinjiang Estuary, Fujian Province, China, using the dilution-to-extinction method. Cells of strain G1-8^T were Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped with a single polar flagellum, and had a surface layer. Cells of strain J1-3^T were also Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, and short rod-shaped, yet the flagellum and the surface layer were not observed. Reduction of nitrate to nitrite under aerobic conditions was positive for both stains. Strains G1-8^T and J1-3^T shared the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with <i>Oleiphilus messinensis</i> ME102^T of 94.45% and 93.77%, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis placed the two strains into two different monophyletic lineages, affiliated with the family <i>Oleiphilaceae</i> of the class <i>Gammproteobacteria</i>. The digital DNA-DNA hybridization, average nucleotide identity, and average amino acid identity between the two strains and <i>O. messinensis</i> ME102^T were 21.2-22.6%, 68.6-68.8%, and 58.2-59.3%, respectively. The major fatty acids (>10%) of strain G1-8^T were C_16:0 (24.9%), C_16:1<i>ω</i>9<i>c</i> (14.9%), C_18:1<i>ω</i>9<i>c</i> (14.2%), and summed feature 3 (13.1%), and the major fatty acids (>10%) of strain J1-3^T were summed feature 3 (39.6%) and C_16:0 (37.0%). The isoprenoid quinone of both strains was Q-9. The polar lipids of strain G1-8^T consisted of phosphatidylglycerol and two unidentified phospholipids, and the polar lipids of strain J1-3^T consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine and two unidentified lipids. Based on the above polyphasic taxonomic study, strains G1-8^T and J1-3^T were considered to represent two novel species within two novel genera of the family <i>Oleiphilaceae</i>. Thus, two species names were proposed: <i>Neooleiphilus portus</i> gen. nov., sp. nov., with the type strain G1-8^T (=MCCC 1K10098^T=KCTC 18326^T), and <i>Paroleiphilus aggregans</i> gen. nov., sp. nov., with the type strain J1-3^T (=MCCC 1K10092^T=KCTC 18325^T).</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"14 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13707976/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149270429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbial Community Succession and Its Association with Characteristic Flavor Substances During Natural Fermentation of Pickled Pepper.","authors":"Ling Zhu, Weirong Xu, Yisheng Tang, Yaping Hu, Dan Qin, Lijun Ou, Zhixu Zhang","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms14102303","DOIUrl":"10.3390/microorganisms14102303","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pickled pepper is a traditional product which has been favored by consumers. The richness of its flavor is mainly determined by the complexity and diversity of microorganisms. By analyzing the succession law of the microbial community in NFPP (Naturally fermented Pickled Pepper) within 18 days' natural fermentation of GCP (Green rice Chili Pepper) and BCP (Beauty Chili Pepper), the experiment elucidated the variation trend of the characteristic flavor substances and explored eight dominant bacteria and seven dominant fungi in GCP and seven dominant bacteria and five dominant fungi in BCP which are flavor-related. Further research found that fermentation stages can be divided into an early stage (0-7 d), middle stage (8-13 d) and late stage (13-18 d). The characteristic flavor is formed step by step and flavor-associated microbes were classified.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"14 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13707465/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149270515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gut Microbiota Divergence Between Wild Alpine Musk Deer and Ex-Situ Conserved Forest Musk Deer: Insights for Ex-Situ Conservation and Reintroduction Strategies.","authors":"Haonan Zhang, Yichen Wang, Xianna Lan, Zhengwei Luo, Jin Bai, Liping Yan, Xinghu Qin, Defu Hu","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms14102309","DOIUrl":"10.3390/microorganisms14102309","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The gut microbial ecosystem is structured by the gut microbiota residing in animal hosts. It plays a critical role in modulating core host physiological functions, covering food digestion, nutrient absorption, energy metabolism and immune regulation. In this study, we performed 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing to characterize the gut microbiota of wild alpine musk deer (<i>Moschus chrysogaster</i>, AMD) and ex situ conserved forest musk deer (<i>Moschus berezovskii</i>, FMD). We then inferred the putative functional profiles based on known taxon-function relationships. Our analyses revealed no significant difference in gut microbiota alpha diversity between wild AMD and ex situ conserved FMD. However, significant divergence in gut microbiota beta diversity was detected between the two species. The family <i>Muribaculaceae</i> and its unclassified affiliated genus as well as the genus <i>Monoglobus</i> and <i>Pseudomonas</i> were significantly more abundant in wild AMD than in ex situ conserved FMD. By contrast, the genera Prevotellaceae_UCG_004, <i>Alistipes</i>, Christensenellaceae_R-7_group, <i>Akkermansia</i> and the family <i>Oscillospiraceae</i> were significantly more abundant in ex situ conserved FMD than in wild AMD. Furthermore, the <i>Firmicutes</i>/<i>Bacteroidetes</i> ratio was numerically higher in FMD than in AMD. Together, these results indicate that the gut microbiota differences between the two musk deer species are consistent with the dietary factors differences. These findings further suggest that the formulated concentrate diet fed to FMD was lower in fiber and higher in digestible energy than the natural diet of AMD. These dietary factors may partly underlie the observed microbiota differences. Accordingly, we recommend adjusting the feeding regime and husbandry practices for FMD to better match the native food plants consumed by AMD. Such adjustment represents an evidence-based strategy for improving the health of FMD populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"14 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13707656/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149270265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Source Tracking and Functional Prediction of Microbial Communities in Initial Jiupei of Fen-Flavor Baijiu: Daqu-Dominated Sourcing with Measurable Environmental Inputs.","authors":"Enxiang Zong, Jiaojiao Zhang, Baoyue Zhu, Baoqing Bai, Jinhua Zhang, Ying Zhang, Yukun Yang, Sanhong Fan, Tao Bo","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms14102306","DOIUrl":"10.3390/microorganisms14102306","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Understanding the microbial origin of initial fermentation grains (Jiupei) is important for improving process consistency in Fen-flavor Baijiu, yet the relative contributions of Daqu and the production environment remain insufficiently resolved. In this study, high-throughput sequencing, community ordination, SourceTracker analysis, co-occurrence network analysis, and PICRUSt2-based functional prediction were used to characterize the bacterial and fungal communities in initial Jiupei (JP0d), Daqu, and representative environmental reservoirs. Daqu was inferred as the dominant source, contributing 87.1% of the bacterial and 90.1% of the fungal communities. Environmental reservoirs provided smaller but detectable inputs: fermentation-room air (FJSKQ) contributed 2.53% of the bacterial community, equipment surfaces accounted for 1.1-5.1% of the bacterial community, and tools (GJ), cooling conveyors (LSJ), and distillation surfaces (ZT) accounted for 1.5-3.2% of the fungal community. The JP0d-JP28d correlation was higher for bacteria (r = 0.46) than for fungi (r = 0.39), indicating greater end-point compositional similarity for bacteria in this dataset. Functional prediction identified prominent pathways related to amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism, membrane transport, translation, replication, and repair in the JP0d bacterial community. These results support a Daqu-dominated source model for the initial Jiupei microbiota and indicate that the production environment may serve as a supplementary microbial reservoir in Fen-flavor Baijiu fermentation. The findings provide a microbial traceability framework for managing open solid-state fermentation systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"14 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13707915/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149270575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}