Microorganisms最新文献

{"title":"Discovery of a New Starship Transposon Driving the Horizontal Transfer of the <i>ToxA</i> Virulence Gene in <i>Alternaria ventricosa</i>.","authors":"Fei Liu, Ratchadawan Cheewangkoon, Rui-Lin Zhao","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms13020376","DOIUrl":"10.3390/microorganisms13020376","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The virulence gene <i>ToxA</i> has been proposed to be horizontally transferred between three fungal wheat pathogens (<i>Parastagonospora nodorum</i>, <i>Pyrenophora tritici-repentis</i>, and <i>Bipolaris sorokiniana</i>) as part of a conserved ~14 kb <i>ToxhAT</i> transposon. Here, our analysis of 2137 fungal species-representative assemblies revealed that the <i>ToxA</i> gene is an isolate of <i>Alternaria ventricosa</i> and shows a remarkable 99.5% similarity to those found in <i>B. sorokiniana</i> and <i>P. tritici-repentis.</i> Analysis of the regions flanking <i>ToxA</i> within <i>A. ventricosa</i> revealed that it was embedded within a 14 kb genomic element nearly identical to the corresponding <i>ToxhAT</i> regions in <i>B. sorokiniana</i>, <i>P. nodorum</i>, and <i>P. tritici-repentis</i>. Comparative analysis further showed that <i>ToxhAT</i> in <i>A. ventricosa</i> resides within a larger mobile genetic element, which we identified as a member of the Starship transposon superfamily, named <i>Frontier</i>. Our analysis demonstrated that <i>ToxhAT</i> has been independently captured by three distinct Starships-<i>Frontier</i>, <i>Sanctuary</i>, and <i>Horizon</i>-which, despite having minimal sequence similarity outside of <i>ToxhAT</i>, facilitate its mobilization. These findings place <i>Frontier</i>, <i>Sanctuary</i>, and <i>Horizon</i> within a growing class of Starships implicated in the horizontal transfer of adaptive genes among fungal species. Moreover, we identified three distinct HGT events involving <i>ToxA</i> across these four fungal species, reinforcing the hypothesis of a single evolutionary origin for the <i>ToxhAT</i> transposon. These findings underscore the pivotal role of transposon-mediated HGT in the adaptive evolution of eukaryotic pathogens, offering new insights into how transposons facilitate genetic exchange and shape host-pathogen interactions in fungi.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"13 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11857905/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143502395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancement in the Catalytic Properties of CotA Laccase from <i>Bacillus pumilus</i> via High-Throughput Screening Using Malachite Green as a Pressure.","authors":"Xiufang Li, Jieru Tian, Xidong Ren, Junming Wang, Xinli Liu","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms13020377","DOIUrl":"10.3390/microorganisms13020377","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bacterial laccase exhibits substantial application potential in various fields. In this study, we constructed a mutation library of CotA laccase from <i>Bacillus pumilus</i> using error-prone PCR, and we performed four rounds of enrichment screening under malachite green (MG) pressure. The results demonstrated that the proportions of the four selected mutant strains were significantly increased. The enzyme activities of the four final mutants PW2, PW5, PW4G, and PW6 were 94.34, 75.74, 100.66, and 87.04 U/mg, respectively, representing a significant increase of approximately 2- to 3-fold compared to the wild-type CotA laccase. Notably, PW4 exhibited significantly improved thermal stability at 90 °C and pH tolerance at pH 12.0. Homology modeling analysis revealed that alterations in the amino acid sequence rendered the spatial structure of the enzyme's catalytic site more favorable for substrate binding. For instance, the substitution of T262A in PW2 and V426I in PW4 shortened the side chains of the amino acids, thereby enlarging the substrate-binding cavity. The G382D mutation in PW2 and PW5 may induce altered protein conformation via spatial steric hindrance or electrostatic interactions, consequently impacting enzyme activity and stability. These findings provide valuable insights for enhancing the industrial application of bacterial laccase.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"13 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11858407/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143502113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infection and Prevention of Rabies Viruses.","authors":"Shiu-Jau Chen, Chung-I Rai, Shao-Cheng Wang, Yuan-Chuan Chen","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms13020380","DOIUrl":"10.3390/microorganisms13020380","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rabies is a fatal zoonotic disease and causes about 59,000 human deaths globally every year. Especially, its mortality is almost 100% in cases where the rabies virus has transmitted to the central nervous system. The special virus life cycle and pathogenic mechanism make it difficult for the host immune system to combat rabies viruses. Vaccination including pre-exposure and post-exposure prophylaxis is an effective strategy for rabies prevention. The pre-exposure vaccination is mainly applied for animals and the post-exposure vaccination is the most application for humans. Although rabies vaccines are widely used and seem to be safe and effective, there are some disadvantages, limitations, or challenges affecting vaccine promotion and distribution. Therefore, more effective, convenient, safer, and cheaper rabies vaccines have been developed or are being developed. The development of novel human rabies vaccine is mainly focusing on vaccines based on a purified Vero cell-cultured freeze-dried rabies vaccine (PVRV). PVRV has been demonstrated to be promising to make the rabies vaccine more effective and secure in animal studies or clinical trials. Moreover, mRNA-based vaccines have been shown to have the potential to enhance the safety and efficacy of rabies vaccines for both animal and human uses.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"13 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11858514/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143501885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship Between Harvesting Efficiency and Filament Morphology in <i>Arthrospira platensis</i> Gomont.","authors":"Ga-Hyeon Kim, Yeong Jun Lee, Jong-Hee Kwon","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms13020367","DOIUrl":"10.3390/microorganisms13020367","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Arthrospira platensis</i>, a filamentous cyanobacterium, exhibits morphological variability influenced by biotic and abiotic factors. We investigated the effect of sodium ion concentration on filament length, growth, and harvest efficiency. Increasing the sodium concentration from 0.2 M to 0.4 M (using NaHCO₃ or Na₂CO₃) led to a significant increase in filament length, from 0.3393 to 0.7084 mm, and longer filaments had increased auto-flotation efficiency (from 87% to 94%) within 3 h. The linear filaments, obtained via spontaneous morphological conversion, also had increased photosynthetic activity and growth rates compared to coiled filaments, and we speculate this was due to decreased self-shading and increased light penetration. However, linear filaments also had poor auto-flotation efficiency (10% after 24 h) and decreased buoyancy, and this likely limits their survival in natural ecosystems. These findings provide insights into optimizing the cultivation of <i>A. platensis</i> for biomass harvesting.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"13 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11857947/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143502538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metagenomic and Metabolomic Analyses Reveal the Role of a Bacteriocin-Producing Strain of <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> DH9003 in Regulating Gut Microbiota in Mice.","authors":"Zhiyu Fu, Haitao Zhang, Zhenzhu Yang, Yujun Liu, Peng Wang, Junjie Zhang, Hai Chi","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms13020372","DOIUrl":"10.3390/microorganisms13020372","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To investigate the regulatory effect of a bacteriocin-producing strain of <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> DH9003 on the gut microbiota of mice, 15 healthy C57 male mice were randomly administered an equal volume of sterile normal saline (HD, control group, <i>n</i> = 7) and <i>E. faecalis</i> DH9003 (YD, treatment group, <i>n</i> = 8) via gavage. Metagenomic and metabolomic analyses were performed to determine the composition and metabolic function of the intestinal microbiota in mice. The results showed that the relative abundance of Firmicutes continuously increased over time in YD compared to HD. The number of <i>E. faecalis</i> DH9003 increased slowly and remained steady from days 7 to 28, indicating that <i>E. faecalis</i> DH9003 could colonize a considerable number of mouse guts via intragastric administration. Supplementation with <i>E. faecalis</i> DH9003 demonstrated a regulatory effect on the intestinal microbiota composition of mice, causing a shift in the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes at the phylum level. In addition, a total of 2426 different metabolites were found in mouse feces, including 1286 and 1140 metabolites in positive and negative modes, respectively. Vitamin B6 and succinate were the most regulated and downregulated metabolites in negative ion mode, and the most upregulated and downregulated metabolites in positive ion mode were N-methyl-glutamic acid and N-octanoyl sphingosine. In conclusion, <i>E. faecalis</i> DH9003 can colonize mice gut, affecting the gut microbiota and metabolic competence. This strain therefore offers considerable potential for application as a probiotic.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"13 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11858018/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143502342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fecal Microbiota Transplantation as a Treatment for Granulomatous Colitis in a French Bulldog: A Case Report.","authors":"Felipe S Romano, Maria A Lallo, Raquel S Romano, Letícia P S Isidoro, Mariane R Cardoso, Lylian C Sodré, Alessandra Melchert, Priscylla T C Guimarães-Okamoto, Maria C F Pappalardo, Andressa R Amaral, Thiago H A Vendramini","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms13020366","DOIUrl":"10.3390/microorganisms13020366","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Granulomatous colitis, or ulcerative colitis, is an infectious and inflammatory disease that primarily affects the colon and occasionally extends to the ileum, particularly in young Boxer and French Bulldogs. Unlike typical chronic colitis in small animals, the early onset of the disease suggests a genetic predisposition. The condition is characterized by the overgrowth of <i>Escherichia coli</i>, specifically the enteroinvasive variant, which displaces beneficial gut bacteria, contributing to its infectious nature. Secondary dysbiosis and chronic-active inflammation involving histiocytes and other leukocytic infiltrates are prominent features. Clinical manifestations include chronic diarrhea with blood and mucus, frequent tenesmus, and pain, with variable degrees of weight loss depending on disease severity. The final diagnosis is based on clinical history (chronic diarrhea with hematochezia), macroscopic findings from colonoscopy (edema, ulcers, and wall hyperplasia), histopathology (presence of histiocytes), and <i>Escherichia coli</i> growth in culture from a colon fragment. Treatment is guided by colon antibiograms, which often require prolonged antibiotic therapy. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has emerged as a potential treatment, either as a primary intervention or adjunctive therapy, for conditions such as acute enteritis (e.g., canine parvovirus), dysbiosis, and chronic enteropathies. However, its application to modulate the microbiota and reduce inflammation in granulomatous colitis, potentially leading to longer intervals between relapses, remains an area of ongoing investigation. This is a case report of a French Bulldog diagnosed with ulcerative colitis accompanied by dysbiosis and refractory to standard treatments but sensitive and partially responsive to amikacin. The patient achieved control and sustained improvement in fecal scoring following fecal transplantation. This approach prevented the need for additional antibiotic therapy, ensuring clinical amelioration alongside microbiome restoration.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"13 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11858374/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143502257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation and Characterization of Carbonosomes from <i>Pseudomonas</i> sp. phDV1 Grown Using Phenol as Carbon Source.","authors":"Ermis Dionysios Geladas, Alexandros Lyratzakis, Athina Drakonaki, Georgios Gkikas, Georgios Tsiotis","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms13020369","DOIUrl":"10.3390/microorganisms13020369","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The <i>Pseudomonas</i> sp. strain phDV1 was found to utilize monocyclic aromatic compounds as a sole carbon source and has a variety of potential applications in the bioremediation and biosynthesis of biodegradable plastics. It was possible to produce polyhydroxybutyrate when cultivated in the presence of monocyclic aromatic compounds as the sole carbon source. This study provides the small-scale optimization for phenol bioremediation and polyhydroxybutyrate production. The bacterium was cultivated in minimal medium supplemented with different concentrations of phenol. The formation and localization of the polyhydroxybutyrate granules (carbonosomes) in the cell were determined after 72 h of cultivation using Nile Red stain in combination with fluorescence microscopy. Analytical HPLC was also used to quantify the PHB content in the cells and to optimize the production. Finally, comparative proteomic analysis of isolated carbonosomes was used to characterize of their protein composition.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"13 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11858518/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143502394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of <i>Euglena gracilis</i> Mutants Generated by Long-Term Serial Treatment with a Low Concentration of Ethyl Methanesulfonate.","authors":"Ji-Yeon Kang, Younglan Ban, Eui-Cheol Shin, Jong-Hee Kwon","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms13020370","DOIUrl":"10.3390/microorganisms13020370","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Euglena gracilis</i> is a microalga that has great promise for the production of biofuels, functional foods, and bioactive compounds, and mutagenesis and effective screening methods are required to develop <i>Euglena</i> strains that have industrial use. Ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) is a widely used mutagen, but is highly lethal to <i>Euglena</i> at typical concentrations. In the present study, low-concentration, long-time EMS exposure combined with serial treatment was introduced for generating <i>Euglena</i> mutants. We then used screening protocols to select cells with altered motility or pigmentation, and isolated two distinct strains of <i>Euglena</i>: Mutant 333 and Mutant 335. Mutant 333 showed increased motility but exhibited a decreased differentiation rate and reduced paramylon content (13.5%), making it unsuitable for industrial applications. However, Mutant 335, which had a deficiency of chlorophyll, had a high paramylon content (31.62%) and a mild and pleasant odor profile due to decreased concentrations of certain volatile compounds, with confirmation by GC-MS analysis. The Mutant 335 strain is suitable for the production of functional food products and renewable jet fuel.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"13 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11858117/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143502323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Global Trends and Advances in Oral Microbiome Research on Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Ramona Dumitrescu, Vanessa Bolchis, Aurora Doris Fratila, Daniela Jumanca, Berivan Laura Rebeca Buzatu, Ruxandra Sava-Rosianu, Vlad Tiberiu Alexa, Atena Galuscan, Octavia Balean","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms13020373","DOIUrl":"10.3390/microorganisms13020373","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The oral microbiome is increasingly recognized as a key factor in the development and progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Dysbiosis has been associated with inflammation and tumorigenesis, highlighting the potential of microbial alterations and salivary biomarkers as tools for early, non-invasive diagnosis. This review examines recent advancements in understanding the oral microbiome's role in OSCC. A comprehensive synthesis of studies from 2016 to 2024 was conducted to identify emerging themes and significant findings in the field. Key topics included the interplay between microbiome-driven mechanisms and cancer development, with a focus on microbial communities and their metabolic byproducts. The findings emphasize the importance of specific microbial alterations in modulating immune responses and tumor microenvironments, as well as the promise of biomarkers such as interleukins and miRNA signatures in improving diagnostic accuracy. Recent research trends indicate growing interest in the therapeutic potential of targeting the oral microbiome in OSCC management. Despite significant advancements, gaps remain in the understanding of the precise mechanisms linking dysbiosis to cancer progression. This review underscores the need for continued research to develop personalized diagnostic and therapeutic strategies based on the oral microbiome, with the potential to transform OSCC management.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"13 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11858510/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143502543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biopatinas on Peperino Stone: Three Eco-Friendly Methods for Their Control and Multi-Technique Approach to Evaluate Their Efficacy.","authors":"Daniela Isola, Giuseppe Capobianco, Valery Tovazzi, Claudia Pelosi, Oriana Trotta, Silvia Serranti, Luca Lanteri, Laura Zucconi, Valeria Spizzichino","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms13020375","DOIUrl":"10.3390/microorganisms13020375","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In restoration practice, direct methods become necessary when indirect methods fail and when aesthetic, chemical, or physical biodeteriorative effects threaten the integrity and legibility of the artifact. More effective methods that prioritize the health of workers and the environment are essential for the outdoor stone monument's conservation. Although several low-impact methods have been proposed, more case studies are needed to address different biopatina types, products, and lithic substrates. Within the COLLINE Project we focused on peperino, a dark volcanic stone widely used in central Italy since the 7th century BCE, because it has been poorly investigated in terms of diversity of biodeteriogens and low-impact methods for their removal. Direct observation, culture methods, and molecular identification have been applied for the identification of biodeteriogens with particular attention to black meristematic fungi. Three low-impact products, namely a dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)-based gel, BioTersus^® (essential oil-based), and Nasier (enzyme-based) were tested in <i>ex situ</i> (on a colonized slab) and <i>in situ</i> trials (on the pulpit of the S. Francesco alla Rocca Basilica, Viterbo, Italy). Three analytical methods, namely reflectance spectroradiometry, laser-induced fluorescence (LIF), and hypercolorimetric multispectral imaging (HMI) were used to test the cleaning efficacy. Results evidenced the strong influence of direct irradiation and water availability in the balance and distribution of phototrophs, fungi, and lichens. The low-impact cleaning methods, particularly the DMSO-based gel and BioTersus^®, effectively remove biodeteriogens from peperino stone while preserving its integrity, offering sustainable solutions for cultural heritage conservation. The instrumental analyses showed that reflectance spectroradiometry and LIF effectively validated the cleaning efficacy, albeit with different sensibility, while HMI, despite spatial constraints, confirmed the three tested cleaning methods do not interfere with peperino stone.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"13 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11858501/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143500910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}