Microorganisms最新文献

{"title":"Clinical and Epidemiological Study of Leptospirosis in the Settlements of Presidente Epitacio and Mirante do Paranapanema.","authors":"Mario A R Aleman, Natalia C Gaeta, Vanessa Castro, Eduardo C Marques, Bruno L M Ribeiro, Zenaide S Olímpio, Lilian Gregory","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms13040865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13040865","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Brazilian family farming comprises production units that represent approximately 86.40% of agricultural establishments, playing a significant national role in socio-environmental and economic sectors. The state of São Paulo is known for its rural and urban development, including agricultural settlements such as Pontal do Paranapanema. This sector requires attention due to the emergence of infectious diseases, such as leptospirosis, a widespread zoonotic disease that causes losses in agricultural productivity. This study aimed to analyze the prevalence of leptospirosis in dairy cattle within the settlements of Presidente Epitácio and Mirante do Paranapanema. All animals underwent serological testing. The overall prevalence of <i>Leptospira</i> spp. was 58.93%. Additionally, the prevalence of antibodies against <i>Leptospira</i> spp. was 59.20% in multiparous cows and 58.60% in primiparous cows. A correlation was also observed between animals with retained placenta and seropositive animals for <i>Leptospira</i> spp. antibodies. Based on this study, we highlight that the high prevalence of leptospirosis underscores the presence of this pathology in settlements within the Pontal do Paranapanema region. Consequently, there is a need to develop public policy programs, alongside sanitary and control measures, to mitigate the impact on dairy farming in the region.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"13 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12029453/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144035302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of Coronaviruses and Genomic Characterization of Gammacoronaviruses from Overwintering Black-Headed Gulls (<i>Chroicocephalus ridibundus</i>) in Yunnan Province, China.","authors":"Jun-Ying Zhao, Kan-Kan Chu, Pei-Yu Han, Ze Yang, Yi Tang, Wei Kong, Yun Long, Li-Dong Zong, Xing-Yi Ge, Yun-Zhi Zhang","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms13040874","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13040874","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Black-headed gulls have been confirmed as the natural hosts of <i>Deltacoronavirus</i> (<i>δ-CoV</i>) and <i>Gammacoronavirus</i> (<i>γ-CoV</i>). A total of 59 CoV-PCR-positive fecal samples were identified among 509 fecal samples collected from overwintering black-headed gulls in Yunnan Province, China. The prevalence of black-headed gull deltacoronavirus (BHG-DCoV) was 3.54% (18/509), while that of black-headed gull gammacoronavirus (BHG-GCoV) was 8.06% (41/509). The prevalence of BHG-GCoV was significantly higher than that of BHG-DCoV (χ² = 9.518, <i>p</i> < 0.01). Two complete genome sequences of BHG-GCoVs were obtained, with lengths of 27,358 bp and 27,355 bp, respectively, from the fecal samples of black-headed gulls. The nucleotide similarity between the two complete genomes is 98.75%. Phylogenetic analysis based on the whole genome has confirmed that the two strains of BHG-GCoVs clustered into the species <i>Gammacoronavirus anatis</i>. Although BHG-GCoVs belong to the species <i>Gammacoronavirus anatis</i>, they are distantly related to the representative strain Duck_CoV 2714 and exhibit a closer genetic relationship with GCoVs from <i>Xenus cinereus</i> (AvXc-GCoV) and <i>Numenius phaeopus</i> (AvNp-GCoV). Similarity analysis of the five conserved domains revealed a high amino acid similarity not only with AvXc-GCoV and AvNp-GCoV but also with GCoVs from common gulls detected in Poland and those from ruddy turnstones identified in Australia. Additionally, we found that, except for the common gull, the amino acid sequences of the S protein of BHG-GCoVs showed a 88.69% to 96.44% similarity with those of GCoVs carried by <i>Charadriiformes</i>, while the similarity with GCoVs carried by <i>Anseriformes</i> ranged from 31.15% to 54.81%. Furthermore, recombination events were detected in BHG-GCoVs, suggesting that these strains are likely recombinant strains of common gull GCoV and the GCoV of <i>Arenaria interpres</i> (AvAi-GCoV), indicating that recombination events may occur frequently among GCoVs.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"13 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12029519/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144029495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishment of a Rapid Detection Technique Based on RPA-LFD and RPA-CRISPR/Cas12a on <i>Phytophthora pini</i>.","authors":"Tingting Dai, Yufang Guo, Tongyue Wen, Sinong Yu, Yuan Tao, Zhuo Liu","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms13040863","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13040863","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Phytophthora pini</i>, a globally dispersed plant pathogen, poses a significant threat to natural ecosystems and cultivated horticultural crops. Early and precise detection of <i>P. pini</i> is essential for effective disease management. This study focused on developing specific, rapid, and sensitive molecular diagnostic techniques to identify the pathogenic oomycete <i>P. pini</i>. We employed recombinase polymerase amplification with lateral flow device (RPA-LFD) and RPA combined with CRISPR/Cas12a. The RPA-LFD method can identify <i>P. pini</i> at concentrations as low as 10 pg/μL in 30 min, while the RPA-CRISPR/Cas12a approach can detect the pathogen at 1 pg/μL in approximately 50 min. These methods are highly effective in identifying disease caused by <i>P. pini</i> and provide a basis for future field detection, which may reduce the economic losses associated with this devastating disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"13 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12029582/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143971037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Host-Microbiota-Parasite Interactions in Grass Carp: Insights from <i>Ichthyophthirius multifiliis</i> Infection.","authors":"Fangxiang Li, Dongdong Jiang, Qing Wang, Ouqin Chang, Jiyuan Yin, Meiling Yu, Houjun Pan","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms13040872","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13040872","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The ciliate parasite <i>Ichthyophthirius multifiliis</i> poses significant threats to grass carp (<i>Ctenopharyngodon idellus</i>) aquaculture. However, the limited understanding of host microbiota shifts and immune responses hinders effective control strategies. This study integrated analyses of host pathological indices, immune response and skin/gill/gut microbiota shifts after <i>I. multifiliis</i> infection. A histopathological examination identified gill and fin tissues embedded with <i>I. multifiliis</i>, accompanied by epithelial necrosis, and inflammatory cell infiltration. Biochemical profiling revealed marked elevations in aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), urea (UREA), and creatinine (CREA) levels, indicating impaired hepatic and renal function. Quantitative RT-PCR analyses demonstrated the up-regulation of mucosal immune gene <i>IgT</i> and pro-inflammatory cytokine <i>TNF-α</i> while increasing the trend of systemic immune gene <i>IgM.</i> 16S rRNA sequencing revealed significant reductions in skin microbiota diversity. At the genus level, opportunistic pathogens <i>Aeromonas</i> and <i>Vibrio</i> proliferated in the intestine, whereas <i>Flavobacterium</i> and <i>Candidatus</i> Megaira increased in the skin and gills. Correlation analyses identified positive associations between <i>Aeromonas/Vibrio</i> abundance and host phenotype, contrasting with negative correlations observed for <i>Sphingomonas</i>, <i>Acinetobacter</i>, and <i>Leifsonia</i>. These findings demonstrate that <i>I. multifiliis</i> infection induces host microbiome dysbiosis and potentially opportunistic bacterial infections. This investigation advances our understanding of tripartite host-microbiota-parasite interactions and supports microbial community-based parasitosis control in fish culture.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"13 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12029742/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144032949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regulation of Ergosterol Biosynthesis in Pathogenic Fungi: Opportunities for Therapeutic Development.","authors":"Lingyun Song, Sha Wang, Hang Zou, Xiaokang Yi, Shihan Jia, Rongpeng Li, Jinxing Song","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms13040862","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13040862","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ergosterol plays a dual role in fungal pathogenesis and azole resistance, driving key advancements in the understanding of its biosynthesis regulation. This review integrates the latest research progress on the regulation of fungal ergosterol biosynthesis and its role in drug resistance and pathogenicity. We comprehensively discuss the functions of key enzymes (such as Erg11p/Cyp51A, Erg6p, Erg3p, and Erg25p) in the mevalonate, late, and alternative pathways. Notably, we highlight the complex regulation of <i>cyp51A</i> expression by factors such as SrbA, AtrR, CBC, HapX, and NCT in <i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i>, and elucidate the distinctive roles of Upc2, Adr1, and Rpn4 in <i>Candida</i> species. Importantly, we summarize recent discoveries on the CprA-dependent regulation of Cyp51A/Erg11p and heme-mediated stability control. Based on these findings, we propose innovative antifungal strategies, including dual-target inhibition and multi-enzyme inhibition by natural products, which provide novel insights and potential directions for the development of next-generation antifungal therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"13 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12029249/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144008247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Vitro Ferrophilic Responses of <i>Photobacterium damselae</i> subsp. <i>piscicida</i> EKL1 and Characterization of the Fe(III)-Piscibactin Complex.","authors":"Asiye Esra Eren Eroğlu, Kadriye Toklu, Nazlı Sarıkahya, İhsan Yaşa","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms13040858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13040858","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Gram-negative marine bacterium <i>Photobacterium damselae</i> subsp. <i>piscicida</i> (Pdp) is a pathogen responsible for pseudotuberculosis in various fish species, posing significant threats to aquaculture. Pdp employs strong virulence mechanisms, one of which is the production of the piscibactin siderophore, which plays a key role in iron acquisition from the host. In this study, we evaluated the ferrophilic properties of the Pdp strain EKL1 in relation to growth and biofilm production. In vitro iron limitation significantly suppressed biofilm formation and planktonic growth in EKL1. We then investigated the anti-biofilm activity of deferoxamine (DFO), an iron chelator used to treat transfusion-induced iron overload in thalassemia patients, against EKL1. DFO strongly inhibited EKL1 biofilm production (by 82.1%), suggesting that iron chelation therapy could be an effective strategy to prevent Pdp-induced photobacteriosis outbreaks. Finally, we characterized the iron-bound form of piscibactin through extensive spectroscopic analyses of the siderophore produced by EKL1. Our findings contribute to the development of novel piscibactin-targeted inhibitors, advancing siderophore-based anti-virulence strategies against Pdp.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"13 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12029771/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144064192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IGLOO: Machine Vision System for Determination of Solubilization Index in Phosphate-Solubilizing Bacteria.","authors":"Pablo José Menjívar, Andrés Felipe Solis Pino, Julio Eduardo Mejía Manzano, Efrén Venancio Ramos Cabrera","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms13040860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13040860","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Phosphorus is an important macronutrient for plant development, but its bioavailability in soil is often limited. Phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms play a vital role in phosphorus biogeochemistry, offering a sustainable alternative to chemical fertilizers, which pose environmental risks. Manual measurements for quantifying phosphate solubilization capacity are laborious, subjective, and time-consuming, so there is a need to develop more efficient and objective approaches. This study aimed to develop and validate a machine vision system called IGLOO to automate and optimize the determination of relative phosphate solubilization efficiency in phosphate-solubilizing bacteria. IGLOO was developed using YOLOv8 in conjunction with creating and labeling a dataset of images of bacterial colonies grown in vitro with the bacterial strains Enterobacter R11 and FCRK4. The model was trained with a different number of epochs. IGLOO's performance was evaluated by comparing its segmentation accuracy with accepted metrics in the domain and by contrasting its solubilization efficiency estimates with experts' manual measurements. The model achieved greater than 90% accuracy for colony and halo detection, with a relative error of less than 6% compared to manual measurements, demonstrating its reliability by minimizing observer variability. Finally, IGLOO represents a significant advance in the quantitative evaluation of phosphate solubilization of microorganisms because it reduces analysis time and provides objective and reproducible results for agricultural studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"13 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12029782/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144010790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Soil Health Through Metagenomic Analysis of Bacterial Diversity in Russian Black Soil.","authors":"Olesya O Galanova, Nikita A Mitkin, Albina A Danilova, Vsevolod V Pavshintsev, Denis A Tsybizov, Alexander M Zakharenko, Kirill S Golokhvast, Tatiana V Grigoryeva, Maria I Markelova, Aleksey A Vatlin","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms13040854","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13040854","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Soil health is a critical determinant of agricultural productivity and environmental sustainability. Traditional assessment methods often fail to provide a comprehensive understanding of soil microbial communities and their functions. This study addresses this challenge by employing metagenomic techniques to assess the functionality of soil microbiomes in Russian black soil, renowned for its high fertility. We utilized shotgun metagenomic sequencing to analyze soil samples from Western Siberia subjected to different degrees of agro-soil disturbance. We identified functional genes involved in carbon (<i>accA</i>, <i>argG</i>, <i>acsA</i>, <i>mphE</i>, <i>miaB</i>), phosphorus (<i>phoB</i>, <i>ppa</i>, <i>pstB</i>, <i>pnp</i>, <i>phnJ</i>), and nitrogen (<i>queC</i>, <i>amiF</i>, <i>pyrG</i>, <i>guaA</i>, <i>guaB</i>, <i>napA</i>) metabolic pathways and associated with changes in microbial diversity, in general, and higher representation of certain bacterial species-<i>Bradyrhizobium</i> spp. The results demonstrated significant differences in microbial composition and functional potential between tillage treatments. No-Till technology and conventional tillage practices promoted beneficial microbial communities and enhanced soil health compared to long-term fallow soil. This work underscores the potential of metagenomic analysis in providing a comprehensive understanding of soil health, marking a significant advancement in the field.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"13 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12029357/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143978675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Biofilm-Associated Infections: Have We Found a Clinically Relevant Target?","authors":"Karen E Beenken, Mark S Smeltzer","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms13040852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13040852","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> is one of the most diverse bacterial pathogens. This is reflected in its ability to cause a wide array of infections and in genotypic and phenotypic differences between clinical isolates that extend beyond their antibiotic resistance status. Many <i>S. aureus</i> infections, including those involving indwelling medical devices, are therapeutically defined by the formation of a biofilm. This is reflected in the number of reports focusing on <i>S. aureus</i> biofilm formation and biofilm-associated infections. These infections are characterized by a level of intrinsic resistance that compromises conventional antibiotic therapy irrespective of acquired resistance, suggesting that an inhibitor of biofilm formation would have tremendous clinical value. Many reports have described large-scale screens aimed at identifying compounds that limit <i>S. aureus</i> biofilm formation, but relatively few examined whether the limitation was sufficient to overcome this intrinsic resistance. Similarly, while many of these reports examined the impact of putative inhibitors on <i>S. aureus</i> phenotypes, very few took a focused approach to identify and optimize an effective inhibitor of specific biofilm-associated targets. Such approaches are dependent on validating a target, hopefully one that is not restricted by the diversity of <i>S. aureus</i> as a bacterial pathogen. Rigorous biological validation of such a target would allow investigators to virtually screen vast chemical libraries to identify potential inhibitors that warrant further investigation based on their predicted function. Here, we summarize reports describing <i>S. aureus</i> regulatory loci implicated in biofilm formation to assess whether they are viable targets for the development of an anti-biofilm therapeutic strategy with an emphasis on whether <i>sarA</i> has been sufficiently validated to warrant consideration in this important clinical context.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"13 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12029350/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144033203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expression and Antagonistic Activity Against Plant Pathogens of the Phage Tail-like Protein from <i>Burkholderia multivorans</i> WS-FJ9.","authors":"Tong-Yue Wen, Xing-Li Xie, Wei-Liang Kong, Xiao-Qin Wu","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms13040853","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13040853","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microorganisms exert antagonistic effects on pathogens through different mechanisms, thereby achieving biological control of plant diseases. Many <i>Burkholderia</i> strains can produce complex secondary metabolites and substances that have toxic effects on host cells. The phage tail-like bacteriocins (tailocins) is a compound with antibacterial activity. However, its function in <i>B. multivorans</i> has not yet been reported. This article explores the ability of <i>B. multivorans</i> WS-FJ9 to antagonise plant pathogenic fungi and oomycetes, screening the potential tailocins in the strain WS-FJ9 and verifying their function, to reveal its novel antimicrobial mechanisms. We found that WS-FJ9 had strong antagonistic effects on the plant pathogenic fungi <i>Phomopsis macrospore</i> and <i>Sphaeropsis sapinea</i>, and the pathogenic oomycete <i>Phytophthora cinnamomi</i>. The phage tail-like protein Bm_67459 was predicted from the WS-FJ9 strain genome. The Bm_67459 cDNA encoded 111 amino acid sequence, and the relative molecular weight was approximately 11.69 kDa, the theoretical isoelectric point (pI) was 5.49, and it was a hydrophilic protein. Bm_67459 had no transmembrane helix region or signal peptide, and it belonged to the Phage_TAC_7 super family. qRT-PCR results showed that <i>Bm_67459</i> gene expression was significantly upregulated during contact between WS-FJ9 and <i>P. cinnamomi</i>. The purified Bm_67459 protein significantly inhibited <i>P. cinnamomi</i> mycelial growth at 10 μg·mL^-1. In summary, the WS-FJ9 strain had broad-spectrum anti-phytopathogenic activity, and the tailocin Bm_67459 was an important effector against the plant pathogen <i>P. cinnamomi</i>, which helps to reveal the antagonistic mechanism of this strain at the molecular level and provides excellent strain resources for the biological control of plant diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"13 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12029163/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144019324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}