Microorganisms最新文献

{"title":"Variabilities in N2 and E Gene Concentrations in a SARS-CoV-2 Wastewater Multiplex Assay.","authors":"Ashley Green, Aiswarya Rani Pappu, Melanie Oakes, Suzanne Sandmeyer, Matthew Hileman, Sunny Jiang","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms13081862","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13081862","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Wastewater can serve as both a source of pathogens that pose risks to human health and a valuable resource for tracking and predicting disease prevalence through wastewater-based surveillance (WBS). In WBS for SARS-CoV-2, both nucleocapsid-specific (N1 and N2) and the envelope (E) genes are common targets for primer design, but ambiguity remains regarding differences in results depending on the gene target chosen. This study investigated how and why two SARS-CoV-2 gene targets (N2 and E) varied when analyzed in a multiplex RT-ddPCR assay for a COVID-19 wastewater monitoring study. From December 2021 to June 2022, over 700 raw wastewater samples were collected from thirteen manholes in the University of California, Irvine sewer system. Murine hepatitis virus (MHV) was used as a matrix recovery and process control in the triplex RT-ddPCR assay. Water quality tests (TSS, COD, pH, turbidity and NH₃-N) were performed on all samples. Analyses showed that in over 10% of samples, the E gene concentration exceeded N2 by more than one order of magnitude. To evaluate matrix effects on amplification efficiency for N2 and E genes, multiple regression analysis was performed to explore whether water quality variables and MHV recovery efficiency could predict variance in gene concentrations, but no clear relationship was identified. However, viral recovery, as indicated by MHV recovery efficiency, was negatively impacted in samples with higher TSS and COD, suggesting PCR inhibition. These findings contribute to methodological standardization efforts in WBS and emphasize the importance of primer selection for large-scale monitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"13 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12388642/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144961368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response of <i>Chaetomium</i> sp. to Nitrogen Input and Its Potential Role in Rhizosphere Enrichment of <i>Lycium barbarum</i>.","authors":"Ru Wan, Hezhen Wang, Xiaojie Liang, Xuan Zhou, Yajun Wang, Yehan Tian, Zhigang Shi, Yuekun Li","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms13081864","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13081864","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Lycium barbarum</i> L. (goji berry), a traditional Chinese medicinal plant, depends heavily on nitrogen input to maintain productivity. Nitrogen application also profoundly influences rhizosphere microbial dynamics, which are critical for soil health and plant performance. This study aimed to investigate how the rhizosphere fungal community responds to nitrogen input and explore the potential role of beneficial fungi (e.g., <i>Chaetomium</i>) in goji berry rhizosphere enrichment. A field experiment with four nitrogen levels (0, 53.82, 67.62, and 80.73 g·N m^-2·year^-1, designated as N0, N1, N2, and N3) was conducted to analyze the fungal community structure in the rhizosphere of goji berry using ITS rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. The results showed that nitrogen input significantly altered the rhizosphere fungal community composition and diversity. Redundancy analysis (RDA) and Mantel tests indicated that soil electrical conductivity, total phosphorus, available phosphorus, and nitrate nitrogen were key environmental factors driving the fungal communities' shifts. Notably, specific fungal genera, including <i>Chaetomium</i>, <i>Cladosporium</i>, <i>Gibberella</i>, <i>Fusarium</i>, <i>Pyxidiophora</i>, <i>Acaulium</i>, and <i>Lophotrichus</i>, exhibited differential enrichment across nitrogen levels. In particular, <i>Chaetomium</i> was significantly enriched under the conventional nitrogen treatment (N2), a strain of <i>Chaetomium</i> sp. LC101 was successfully isolated from the goji berry rhizosphere, and its functional roles were verified via pot experiments. Inoculation with <i>Chaetomium</i> sp. LC101 significantly promoted goji berry growth, with the most pronounced effects observed under N0 treatments, root fresh weight, root vitality, and leaf chlorophyll content increased by up to 55.10%, 15.69%, and 43.27%, respectively, compared to non-inoculated controls. Additionally, <i>Chaetomium</i> sp. LC101 regulated rhizosphere nitrogen transformation by enhancing urease, nitrite reductase, and polyphenol oxidase activities while inhibiting nitrate reductase activity. These findings demonstrate that <i>Chaetomium</i> responds sensitively to nitrogen input, with enrichment under moderate nitrogen levels, and acts as a beneficial rhizosphere fungus by promoting plant growth and regulating nitrogen cycling. This study provides novel insights for nitrogen management in the goji berry industry, where synergistic regulation via \"nitrogen reduction combined with microbial inoculation\" can reduce nitrogen loss, improve yield and quality through functional fungi, and contribute to ecological sustainability.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"13 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12388594/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144961464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cervical Actinomycosis Diagnosed via Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing of Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded Tissue: A Case Report and Literature Review.","authors":"Teresa K F Wang, Hin-Fung Tsang, Sze Chuen Cesar Wong, Stanley W M Leung","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms13081855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13081855","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Actinomycosis is an uncommon but significant chronic bacterial infection affecting various parts of the body caused by <i>Actinomyces</i> species. Because of the nonspecific symptoms and rarity of the condition, the diagnosis of head-and-neck or cervicofacial actinomycosis is usually challenging and delayed. A 39-year-old woman presented with an enlarging right neck mass and dysphagia after steroid exposure for treatment of De Quervain thyroiditis. MRI showed a large irregular infiltration mass over the right side of her neck, with a multi-loculated rim-enhancing area over the right retropharyngeal space. Excisional biopsy of the lesion only showed evidence of acute on chronic inflammation, and the results of all microbiological testing (including bacterial culture, Gram-staining, and molecular detection) were negative. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) of the formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue from the patient was performed. DNA of <i>Actinomyces israelii</i> and <i>Methylobacterium</i> was detected. The patient was confirmed to have cervical actinomycosis and completely recovered after 6 months of oral amoxicillin. Our patient is the first case utilizing mNGS on FFPE tissue to diagnose cervical actinomycosis. This case shows that mNGS is a promising, unbiased tool for detecting <i>Actinomyces</i> species in FFPE tissues and diagnosing cervical actinomycosis. It also highlights the diagnostic difficulties of cervical actinomycosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"13 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12388422/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144961039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacologic Inhibition of Erythrocyte Ferroportin Expression Exacerbates <i>Plasmodium</i> Infection.","authors":"Sareh Zeydabadinejad, Benjamin Frederick Theis, Jun Sung Park, Amira F Gohara, Matam Vijay-Kumar, Beng San Yeoh, Piu Saha","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms13081859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13081859","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Plasmodium</i> parasites rely on host iron for survival and replication, making host iron availability a critical determinant of malaria pathogenesis. Central to iron homeostasis is the hepcidin-ferroportin regulatory axis, where hepcidin suppresses iron export by inducing ferroportin degradation, thus modulating systemic and cellular iron availability. In the <i>Plasmodium</i> infection model (<i>P. yoelii</i>), we observed a significant downregulation of hepatic <i>hepcidin</i> expression, accompanied by an increase in hepatic <i>ferroportin</i> expression. On the contrary, RBC-ferroportin protein level was notably suppressed upon <i>P. yoelii</i> infection. Given these findings, we aim to investigate the role of a ferroportin inhibitor in <i>Plasmodium</i> infection. In a <i>P. yoelii</i> mouse model, treatment with an oral ferroportin inhibitor, VIT-2763 (Vamifeport) increased parasitemia, accompanied by increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, erythropoietin, and liver injury markers. In <i>P. yoelii</i> infected mice, VIT-2763 treatment suppressed <i>hepcidin</i> expression and increased <i>ferroportin</i> expression in hepatocytes, while reducing ferroportin protein levels in RBCs. VIT-2763 mediated exacerbation of <i>P. yoelii</i> infection reveals the tissue-specific regulation of ferroportin in hepatocytes and RBCs, underscoring the therapeutic potential of modulating the hepcidin-ferroportin axis as an intervention strategy in malaria.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"13 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12388592/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144961336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Swift Realisation of Wastewater-Based SARS-CoV-2 Surveillance for Aircraft and Airports: Challenges from Sampling to Variant Detection.","authors":"Cristina J Saravia, Kira Zachmann, Natalie Marquar, Ulrike Braun, Claus Gerhard Bannick, Timo Greiner, Peter Pütz, Susanne Lackner, Shelesh Agrawal","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms13081856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13081856","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>International air traffic has contributed to the global spread of SARS-CoV-2 and its variants. In early 2023, wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) has been implemented at airports as a surveillance tool to detect emerging variants at short notice. This study investigates the feasibility and challenges of applying WBE at Berlin Brandenburg (BER) Airport, including a rapid implementation of wastewater sampling and analysis under unprecedented circumstances. For this purpose, aircraft and airport wastewater was sampled over 13 weeks. Established sampling and analysis protocols for municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) had to be adapted to the specific conditions of the airport environment. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was quantified and sequenced, revealing SARS-CoV-2 mutations not previously observed in clinical surveillance data in Germany. Despite the logistical and methodological challenges, the study demonstrates that WBE can serve as an early warning system for pathogen introduction. However, our study also underscores the need for realistic timelines for the establishment and validation of WBE monitoring strategies in new contexts. Investments in the establishment of WBE systems, e.g., infrastructure, protocols, trained personnel, and a network of stakeholders at strategic nodes including airports, can act as an effective tool for pandemic preparedness and global health security.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"13 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12388640/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144961311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Virulence Genes and Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles in <i>Aeromonas hydrophila</i> and <i>Aeromonas dhakensis</i> Isolated from the Brazilian Food Chain.","authors":"Emily Moraes Roges, Veronica Dias Gonçalves, Marcelle da Silva Rodrigues, Marcia Lima Festivo, Paulo Henrique Ott, André Luiz Araujo, Salvatore Siciliano, Lucia Helena Berto, Maria Helena Cosendey de Aquino, Dalia Dos Prazeres Rodrigues","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms13081851","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13081851","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Aeromonas hydrophila</i> and <i>A. dhakensis</i> are ubiquitous microorganisms, widespread in aquatic environments, and can cause severe infections in humans and animals. This study aimed to determine the diversity of virulence genes <i>aer</i>A, <i>hly</i>A, <i>act</i>, and <i>alt</i> through polymerase chain reaction and the antimicrobial resistance through disk diffusion test of 101 <i>A. hydrophila</i> and 34 <i>A. dhakensis</i> strains from environmental, animal, and human sources gathered between 2016 and 2019 at the National Reference Laboratory for Enteric Diseases. Overall, the virulence gene distribution was <i>act</i> in 35.5% of the samples, <i>alt</i> in 40.7%, <i>aer</i>A in 42.2%, and <i>hly</i>A in 44.5%. Our results revealed that 76.3% of the 135 isolated <i>Aeromonas</i> exhibited at least one of the genes above. 76.3% of <i>A. hydrophila</i> and 76.5% of <i>A. dhakensis</i> exhibited virulence genes distributed among 15 and 12 virulence profiles, respectively. Antimicrobial resistance was observed in 86% of the strains (87.1% in <i>A. hydrophila</i> and 82.4% in <i>A. dhakensis</i>), with higher rates of resistance to Nalidixic acid (69.3%), Imipenem (31.1%), and Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (15.5%). The occurrence of virulence genes and antimicrobial resistance in <i>A. hydrophila</i> and <i>A. dhakensis</i> from different sources indicates their diversity and pathogenicity, reinforcing that they can be a potential health risk source.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"13 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12388291/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144961431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated Microbiome-Metabolome Analysis and Functional Strain Validation Reveal Key Biochemical Transformations During Pu-erh Tea Pile Fermentation.","authors":"Mengkai Hu, Huimin Zhang, Leisa Han, Wenfang Zhang, Xinhui Xing, Yi Wang, Shujian Ou, Yan Liu, Xiangfei Li, Zhenglian Xue","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms13081857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13081857","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fermentation plays a pivotal role in shaping the flavor and overall quality of Pu-erh tea, a microbially fermented dark tea. Here, we monitored physicochemical properties, chemical constituents, and microbial succession at 15 fermentation time points. Amplicon sequencing identified <i>Staphylococcus</i>, <i>Bacillus</i>, <i>Kocuria</i>, <i>Aspergillus</i>, <i>Blastobotrys</i>, <i>Thermomyces</i>, and <i>Rasamsonia</i> as dominant genera, with prokaryotic communities showing greater richness and diversity than eukaryotic ones. Beta diversity and clustering analyses revealed stable microbial structures during late fermentation stages. Non-targeted metabolomics detected 347 metabolites, including 56 significantly differential compounds enriched in caffeine metabolism and unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis. Fermentation phases exhibited distinct metabolic patterns, with volatile aroma compounds (2-acetyl-1-pyrroline, 2,5-dimethylpyrazine) and health-beneficial fatty acids (linoleic acid, arachidonic acid) accumulating in later stages. OPLS-DA and KEGG PATHWAY analyses confirmed significant shifts in metabolite profiles relevant to flavor and biofunctionality. RDA revealed strong correlations between microbial taxa, environmental parameters, and representative metabolites. To functionally verify microbial contributions, 17 bacterial and 10 fungal strains were isolated. Six representative strains, mainly <i>Bacillus</i> and <i>Aspergillus</i>, exhibited high enzymatic activity on macromolecules, confirming their roles in polysaccharide and protein degradation. This integrative multi-omics investigation provides mechanistic insights into Pu-erh tea fermentation and offers a scientific basis for microbial community optimization in tea processing.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"13 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12388847/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144961353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, Antagonistic, and Probiotic Properties of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Traditional Algerian Fermented Wheat.","authors":"Rachida Benguiar, Rachida Benaraba, Chayma Farhat, Habib Chouchane, Djilali Boughaddou, Fethi Belalem, Ameur Cherif","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms13081852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13081852","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study focuses on the identification of three lactic acid bacteria isolates obtained from traditional Algerian fermented wheat as well as the evaluation of their biological activities, mainly their probiotic, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. These isolates were identified through phenotypic and genotypic characterizations. It was found that isolate LB3 was <i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</i>, while isolates LB1 and LB2 were identified as <i>Weissella confusa</i>. It was observed that the strains LB1, LB2, and LB3 are capable of maintaining their growth at pH 3.0 and in bile salts after 4 h, with individual survival rates ranging from 41% to 90% depending on the strain. Furthermore, their co-aggregation capacity with <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> ATCC6528 indicated a percentage higher than 50%. The three strains displayed powerful inhibitory effects against pathogenic bacteria, showing inhibition rates of 5% to 40%. They also exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity ranging from 20% to 39%. All three lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolates exhibited significant antioxidant activity. Their intact cells demonstrated a high ability to scavenge DPPH radicals and possessed substantial ferric reducing power, while their intracellular extracts showed high levels of glutathione (GSH). Additionally, they exerted a protective effect against plasma lipid peroxidation, with inhibition rates ranging from 20% to 39%. These findings suggest that these strains possess promising probiotic potential as future therapeutic agents to be used in the development of novel functional fermented foods.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"13 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12388756/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144961438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Dietary Tannic Acid and Tea Polyphenol Supplementation on Rumen Fermentation, Methane Emissions, Milk Protein Synthesis and Microbiota in Cows.","authors":"Rong Zhao, Jiajin Sun, Yitong Lin, Haichao Yan, Shiyue Zhang, Wenjie Huo, Lei Chen, Qiang Liu, Cong Wang, Gang Guo","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms13081848","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13081848","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To develop sustainable strategies for mitigating ruminal methanogenesis and improving nitrogen efficiency in dairy systems, this study investigated how low-dose tannic acid (T), tea polyphenols (TP), and their combination (T+TP; 50:50) modulate rumen microbiota and function. A sample of Holstein cows were given four dietary treatments: (1) control (basal diet); (2) T (basal diet + 0.4% DM tannic acid); (3) TP (basal diet + 0.4% DM tea polyphenols); and (4) T+TP (basal diet + 0.2% DM tannic acid + 0.2% DM tea polyphenols). We comprehensively analyzed rumen fermentation, methane production, nutrient digestibility, milk parameters, and microbiota dynamics. Compared with the control group, all diets supplemented with additives significantly reduced enteric methane production (13.68% for T, 11.40% for TP, and 10.89% for T+TP) and significantly increased milk protein yield. The crude protein digestibility significantly increased in the T group versus control. The results did not impair rumen health or fiber digestion. Critically, microbiota analysis revealed treatment-specific modulation: the T group showed decreased <i>Ruminococcus flavefaciens</i> abundance, while all tannin treatments reduced abundances of <i>Ruminococcus albus</i> and total methanogens. These microbial shifts corresponded with functional outcomes-most notably, the T+TP synergy drove the largest reductions in rumen ammonia-N (34.5%) and milk urea nitrogen (21.1%). Supplementation at 0.4% DM, particularly the T+TP combination, effectively enhances nitrogen efficiency and milk protein synthesis while reducing methane emissions through targeted modulation of key rumen microbiota populations, suggesting potential sustainability benefits linked to altered rumen fermentation.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"13 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12388258/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144961283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing Scaled up Production and Purification of Recombinant Hydrophobin HFBI in <i>Pichia pastoris</i>.","authors":"Mason A Kinkeade, Aurora L Pagan, Bryan W Berger","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms13081845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13081845","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hydrophobins are small, surface-active protein biosurfactants secreted by filamentous fungi with potential applications in industries such as pharmaceuticals, sanitation, and biomaterials. Additionally, hydrophobins are known to stabilize enzymatic processing of biomass for improved catalytic efficiency. In this study, <i>Pichia pastoris</i> was used to recombinantly express hydrophobin HFBI from <i>Trichoderma reesei</i>, a well-characterized fungal system used industrially for bioethanol production. Iterative optimization was performed on both the induction and purification of HFBI, ultimately producing yields of 86.6 mg/L HFBI and elution concentrations of 48 μM HFBI determined pure by SDS-PAGE, over a five-day methanol-fed batch shake flask induction regiment followed by a single unit operation multimodal cation exchange purification. This final purified material represents an improvement over prior approaches to enable a wider range of potential applications for biosurfactants.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"13 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12388604/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144961355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}