Microorganisms最新文献

{"title":"Screening and Evaluation of Host-Derived Intestinal Probiotic Candidates <i>Lactococcus</i> sp. and <i>Bacillus</i> sp. from Largemouth Bass for Bacterial Disease Biocontrol.","authors":"Jie Yu, Qun Lu, Qian-Qian Ma, Hui-Hui Hu, Jie Leng, Cheng-Ke Zhu, Ming-Ji Lv, Song Zhu","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms14102343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms14102343","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bacterial infections represent a major constraint to largemouth bass (<i>Micropterus salmoides</i>) aquaculture; safe and sustainable alternatives to conventional antibiotics are needed. This study aimed to screen, characterize, and evaluate host-derived intestinal probiotics from healthy largemouth bass for bacterial disease biocontrol. A total of 68 intestinal bacterial strains were isolated and screened for antagonistic activity against 21 bacterial pathogens previously isolated from diseased largemouth bass. Five isolates with stable inhibitory activity were identified as <i>Plesiomonas shigelloides</i> (MS-24), <i>Aeromonas dhakensis</i> (MS-26), <i>Lactococcus lactis</i> (MS-54), <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> (MS-67), and <i>Bacillus paranthracis</i> (MS-68) by <i>16S rRNA</i> and <i>gyrB</i> gene sequencing. Morphological characteristics, physiological and biochemical profiles, and growth kinetics of the 5 isolates were assessed. Among them, only MS-54 and MS-67 exhibited non-hemolytic phenotypes and low in vivo toxicity, with host mortality rates of 0.00% and 1.11%, respectively. In challenge trials, dietary supplementation with MS-54, MS-67, or their combination reduced cumulative mortality to varying degrees. Significant protection was observed against <i>V. alginolyticus</i> and <i>A. jandaei</i>, and the highest relative percent survival (RPS) was 22.62% in the MS-54 + MS-67 group after <i>A. jandaei</i> challenge. Results so far indicated that <i>Lactococcus lactis</i> MS-54 and <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> MS-67 are promising host-derived probiotic candidates with good antagonistic activities, providing potential strategies for bacterial disease biocontrol and sustainable management in largemouth bass aquaculture.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"14 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149270580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First Reported Human Case of Primary Lymphocutaneous Nocardiosis Caused by <i>Nocardia shinanonensis</i>.","authors":"Carmen Rodriguez-Cerdeira, Joselyn Yosbeli Ramírez-González, Raúl Vicente Cabezas-Echegoyen, Fernando Martínez-Hernández, Roberto Arenas, Monika Fida, Luary Carolina Martínez-Chavarría, Federico Eliu-Fuentes, Evelyn Cruz-Beltrand, Juan Xicohtencatl-Cortes, Rigoberto Hernández-Castro","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms14102346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms14102346","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Nocardia</i> species are ubiquitous environmental microorganisms that can cause localized cutaneous, pulmonary or disseminated infections in humans. Primary cutaneous nocardiosis is uncommon and may present as cellulitis, abscesses, ulcers, granulomas or lymphocutaneous disease characterised by nodular lesions distributed along lymphatic pathways. The species most frequently associated with cutaneous nocardiosis is <i>Nocardia brasiliensis</i>; however, the number of newly recognised pathogenic species isolated from clinical samples has increased in recent years. This report describes the first reported case of primary lymphocutaneous nocardiosis caused by <i>Nocardia shinanonensis</i> in a 36-year-old immunocompetent woman with involvement of the left upper limb. The causative agent was identified by bacteriological culture, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF), and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The patient was successfully treated with oral trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for 12 weeks, with complete clinical resolution and residual hypertrophic scarring. This case expands the spectrum of human infections caused by <i>N. shinanonensis</i> and highlights the importance of molecular tools for accurate species-level identification of rare nocardial pathogens.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"14 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149270517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lignin Degradation Potential of Novel <i>Streptomyces</i> Isolates from the <i>Juniperus turcomanica</i> Rhizosphere via Broad-Spectrum Enzymatic Activities.","authors":"Keremli Saparmyradov, Abdulla A Yergeshov, Bakhtiyar R Islamov, Altyn K Rahmanova, Durdymyrat G Gadamov, Natalia V Trachtmann","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms14102347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms14102347","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study provides a comprehensive characterization of <i>Streptomyces</i> isolates associated with the rhizosphere of the centenarian <i>Juniperus turcomanica</i>. Screening for ligninolytic activity revealed that isolates-ATM9, ATM14, ATM15, ATM16, ATM18, and ATM19 synthesize enzymes capable of decolorizing methylene blue and modifying lignosulfonates. Isolates ATM16 and ATM18 demonstrated the highest efficiency in lignosulfonate decomposition, with lignosulfonate becoming undetectable in their culture broth. In the straw lignin degradation process, isolates ATM15 and ATM16 showed the most significant reductions in lignin content (44.2% and 54.8%, respectively), demonstrating promising biodegradation potential. Majority of isolates demonstrated antagonistic activity against fungal strains, while ATM19 completely inhibited the growth of all phytopathogenic fungi tested. Taxonomic identification based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing confirmed that all isolates belong to the genus <i>Streptomyces</i>, with species including <i>S. shaanxiensis</i> (ATM9), <i>S. chryseus</i> (ATM14), <i>S. narbonensis</i> (ATM15), <i>S. venezuelae</i> (ATM16), <i>S. spiroverticillatus</i> (ATM18), <i>S. longhuiensis</i> (ATM19), and <i>Streptomyces</i> sp. (ATM24). Considering our data, <i>S. venezuelae</i> ATM16 and <i>S. spiroverticillatus</i> ATM18 stand out as the most promising strains for biotechnological applications due to their ligninolytic and antagonistic activity against fungal phytopathogens. Furthermore, this study provides the first report on enzymatic and antifungal activities for the recently proposed species <i>S. longhuiensis</i> (ATM19) and <i>S. shaanxiensis</i> (ATM9).</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"14 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149270627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Ku, H.-M.; Lee, S.-H. Three Efficacies of <i>Ligilactobacillus salivarius</i> WB21 Against Halitosis Induced by <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i>. <i>Microorganisms</i> 2026, <i>14</i>, 1283.","authors":"Hyon-Mo Ku, Sung-Hoon Lee","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms14102339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms14102339","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Error in Title</b> [...].</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"14 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149270458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology and Management of Human Herpesvirus 8-Related Diseases in People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Central and Eastern Europe.","authors":"Botond Lakatos, Emily Burzynski, Janah Bou Chahine, Leyla Bennacer, Tetiana Koval, Siranush Martoyan, Gabriele Turel, Snezana Dragas, Velida Mulabdic, Lidija Popović Dragonjić, Murat Mehmeti, Georgios Siakallis, Antonija Verhaz, Ricardo Massmann, Ahmet Çağkan İnkaya, Ahmed Velic, Justyna Kowalska","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms14102326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms14102326","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) is associated with Kaposi sarcoma (KS), multicentric Castleman disease (MCD), and primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), important causes of morbidity among people living with HIV. Data on these diseases remain limited from Central and Eastern Europe compared with Western Europe. We conducted a multicentre cross-sectional survey, using an online questionnaire distributed to HIV physicians within the Euroguidelines in Central and Eastern Europe Network Group, comprising epidemiology, diagnostic capacity, and management of HHV-8-related diseases. Twenty-six HIV treatment centres from 22 countries participated, providing care for 36,845 people living with HIV. A total of 55 cases of KS (1.49 per 1000 PLWH) were reported, of which 35 (63.6%) had visceral involvement. MCD and PEL were uncommon, with 7 and 4 cases, respectively. Diagnostic capacity varied between centres: computed tomography was available in 80.8%, bronchoscopy in 30.8%, and gastroscopy in 23.1%. Antiretroviral therapy alone was the most common first-line treatment for limited KS, while pegylated liposomal doxorubicin was accessible as first-line and/or second-line treatment in 46.2% of centres. HHV-8-related diseases remain uncommon but clinically relevant complications of HIV infection in Central and Eastern Europe. Regional variability in diagnostic resources and treatment availability highlights the need for strengthened referral pathways and guideline-adherent care.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"14 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149270292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strain-Specific Antimicrobial Mechanisms of Lactic Acid Bacteria Against <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> Scott A Under Nutrient-Rich and Carbohydrate-Limited Conditions.","authors":"Spyros Didos, Konstantina Tsotsouli, Orfeas Saitis, Konstantinos Koutsoumanis, Anagnostis Argiriou","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms14102331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms14102331","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> remains a persistent food-safety challenge, sustaining interest in biopreservation with lactic acid bacteria (LAB). The mechanisms underlying LAB-mediated suppression, and their dependence on nutrient availability, remain incompletely resolved. Nine LAB isolates (four <i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</i>, two <i>Lactiplantibacillus pentosus</i>, three <i>Lactococcus lactis</i> subsp. <i>lactis</i>) were evaluated against <i>L. monocytogenes</i> Scott A using overlay agar-spot assays, co-culture kinetics at three effector-to-target ratios (1:1, 100:1, 10,000:1), co-culture under glucose limitation, and targeted chemical and enzymatic treatment of cell-free supernatants (CFSs). Competitive exclusion was dose-dependent: at equal inocula, most isolates permitted growth comparable to the monoculture control, whereas at 10⁵ and 10⁷ CFU/mL, pathogen growth was arrested within 6-8 h. Multivariate analysis of kinetic parameters at 10⁵ CFU/mL resolved three efficacy clusters, and efficacy tracked the onset of acidification rather than LAB growth rate: strains that lowered pH within the first 6 h achieved 31-41% inhibition, while those with an 8-10 h delay achieved <20%. <i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</i> DSM 20205 reached the same acidification onset as the faster-growing <i>Lc. lactis</i> strains despite a lower μ_max, indicating higher acidifying efficiency per unit biomass. Glucose removal reduced inhibition to <6% for all <i>Lactiplantibacillus</i> isolates, whereas <i>Lc. lactis</i> BL1 and BL8 retained approximately 16%. CFS assays indicated that organic acids provide the baseline activity in nutrient-rich medium, that catalase-sensitive activity appeared in co-culture but not monoculture supernatants, and that protease-sensitive activity was present in all nine isolates under carbohydrate limitation. These results support selecting bioprotective cultures on rapid acidification combined with acid-independent mechanisms rather than on acidification alone.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"14 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149270626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pulmonary Disease and NF-κB-Associated Responses in Mice Infected with Two <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> Isolates.","authors":"Rongrong Song, Jiuyang Xu, Danni Pu, Na Wang, Muhammad Ali Syed, Jiankang Zhao, Bin Cao","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms14102337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms14102337","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hypervirulent <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> (hvKP) causes invasive disease, but pulmonary macrophage responses remain incompletely defined. We compared strain 55055, used as a classical <i>K. pneumoniae</i> (cKP) comparator, with strain 46274, operationally classified as hvKP, using a pneumonia model, single-cell RNA sequencing of pooled lungs, and RAW 264.7 macrophages. At the same inoculum, strain 46274 had higher lung burdens and greater mortality than strain 55055; representative sections showed more extensive inflammatory-cell infiltration, whereas no pairwise difference in animal-level H&E scores remained significant after multiple-comparison adjustment. Because neither pulmonary burden nor disease stage was matched, immune-response differences cannot be separated from effects of unequal bacterial exposure or differences in disease progression. Descriptive pooled-library analysis showed differences in immune-cell composition and CellChat-inferred communication. In the single day-2 strain 46274 pooled library, SPP1⁺ macrophages comprised a larger fraction than in the corresponding strain 55055 pooled library and had high inflammatory-response, chemokine, and bacterial-recognition gene-set scores; this library-level observation was not independently validated in individual animals. Tissue-level staining showed numerical day-2 differences in CD86- and CD206-positive-cell abundance, but adjusted pairwise comparisons did not confirm strain-specific differences and the data do not demonstrate M1/M2 macrophage polarization. NF-κB-associated imaging findings remained qualitative. In vitro, strain 46274 showed lower adhesion to and phagocytosis by RAW 264.7 macrophages, but higher IL-6 and TNF-α readouts and stronger qualitative late p65 nuclear localization. These in vitro observations were obtained in RAW 264.7 cells within one experimental run and should not be extrapolated directly to primary pulmonary macrophages. Overall, in this strain-pair murine model, strain 46274 was associated with more severe pulmonary disease and NF-κB-associated inflammatory readouts.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"14 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149270636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Lactobacillus helveticus</i> R0052 Ameliorates Cholestasis with FXR-Related Pathways and Modulation of Gut Microbiota.","authors":"Xueyang Chen, Li Jiang, Ailing Li, Jian Shen","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms14102330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms14102330","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cholestasis is an important clinical manifestation of primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), leading to liver injury, fibrosis and liver failure. The gut microbiota influences the pathogenesis of cholestatic liver disease by modulating metabolic and immune responses. Our study established a PSC mouse model with a 0.1% 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine (DDC) diet and <i>Lactobacillus helveticus</i> R0052 intervention to assess the protective effects of probiotics on the disease. In addition, we investigated the microbiome and transcriptome alterations resulting from <i>L. helveticus</i> R0052 intervention to explore associations between gut microbiota and host metabolism. The results showed that <i>L. helveticus</i> R0052 reduced liver injury and inflammation, and ameliorated cholestasis in DDC-fed mice. These beneficial effects were accompanied by alterations in hepatic FXR-Cyp7a1 and ileal FXR-Fgf15 signaling pathways, modified bile-acid homeostasis, as well as changes in the gut microbiota and their metabolites. Overall, our research findings provide an experimental basis for the potential application of <i>L. helveticus</i> R0052 in the prevention of cholestasis.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"14 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149270424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbial Biodegradation of Plastics: Methods for Assessing Degradation Mechanisms and Optimization Strategies.","authors":"Yuming Qiao, Yunqiao Wang, Guoqiang Han, Jingzhen Zhang, Zhiyuan Yao, Bin He, Pengfei Hu, Li Jiang","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms14102335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms14102335","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With the rapid growth of plastic production, plastic pollution has become increasingly widespread and persistent in the environment. This persistent pollution poses potential risks to ecosystems and human health. Microbial biodegradation offers a promising approach to plastic waste management because it operates under mild reaction conditions and has potential for sustainable application. This review summarizes recent advances in the major microbial groups involved in plastic biodegradation, methods for assessing degradation efficiency, underlying mechanisms, and strategies for improving degradation performance. Assessment methods are discussed, from physicochemical characterization to biochemical validation. Meanwhile, it emphasizes that real plastic biodegradation and degradation efficiency require multiple complementary lines of evidence to judge in a more complete and objective way. The complete process and molecular mechanisms of microbial plastic degradation are then described, including microbial attachment and biofilm formation, enzymatic degradation, intracellular metabolism, and mineralization of degradation products. In addition, it summarizes various efficiency optimization strategies for degradation, including plastic pretreatment, bioaugmentation, and regulation of environmental parameters. The lack of standardized assessment, limited practical translation, and ecological risks are the identified key challenges. Finally, standardized efficiency evaluation strategies, plastic upcycling, and emerging technologies for subsequent development were discussed. This review aims to provide a reference for understanding microbial plastic degradation.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"14 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149270546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gut and Intraplaque Microbiota in Atherosclerosis: Mechanistic Insights and Emerging Therapeutic Targets.","authors":"Qijian Zhao, Zhichao Lai, Yuyao Feng, Jiang Shao, Kang Li, Shi Huang, Bao Liu","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms14102333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms14102333","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Atherosclerosis remains a major cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Growing evidence suggests that microbiota-host interactions contribute to atherosclerosis through systemic and local mechanisms. This review summarizes current evidence on gut microbiota, microbial metabolites, and plaque-associated microbial signals, and discusses their potential therapeutic implications. Gut dysbiosis may contribute to atherosclerosis through multiple metabolite-dependent, immune, vascular, and metabolic pathways. Recent multi-omics and experimental studies further indicate that microbiota influence vascular biology beyond compositional changes alone. In parallel, plaque-associated microbial signals, potentially originating from the oral cavity or gut, may contribute to local inflammation, oxidative stress, necrotic core expansion, and plaque vulnerability. We further discuss a putative gut-oral-intraplaque axis, a potential local microbial metabolite microenvironment within plaques, and possible cross-kingdom interactions between gut fungi and bacteria. Together, these findings support an integrated framework in which microbiota may shape atherosclerosis through interconnected systemic and local pathways, with potential implications for biomarker development and microbiota-targeted therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"14 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149270541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}