Micromachines最新文献_第7页

Considering the Node Level in Error Correction for DMFBs. 考虑dmfb纠错中的节点级别。

IF 3 3区工程技术

Micromachines Pub Date : 2025-08-31 DOI: 10.3390/mi16091013

Koki Suzuki, Shigeru Yamashita, Hiroyuki Tomiyama, Ankur Gupta

{"title":"Considering the Node Level in Error Correction for DMFBs.","authors":"Koki Suzuki, Shigeru Yamashita, Hiroyuki Tomiyama, Ankur Gupta","doi":"10.3390/mi16091013","DOIUrl":"10.3390/mi16091013","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, a type of biochip known as a Digital Microfluidic Biochip (DMFB) has been actively researched in the field of life sciences. DMFBs perform dilution operations by mixing reagent solutions and buffer solutions at a 1:1 ratio to generate droplets with the desired concentration. One of the challenges of DMFBs is that droplets may not always be evenly split during the droplet division process. To address this issue, an error correction method utilizing error cancellation has been proposed. This method modifies the dilution graph to minimize the impact of division errors on the target node. However, this approach has a significant drawback: when large division errors occur in nodes close to the target node, they can introduce substantial concentration errors at the target node. In this paper, we propose a method that duplicates nodes near the target node and performs re-dilution to correct errors. Furthermore, we present an efficient and accurate error correction approach by modifying the dilution graph so that the output nodes of the dilution operation are at equal levels relative to the target node. Through simulations conducted 10,000 times, we demonstrate that our method effectively reduces the average concentration error at the target node.","PeriodicalId":18508,"journal":{"name":"Micromachines","volume":"16 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12471943/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145176193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Passive Droplet Generation in T-Junction Microchannel: Experiments and Lattice Boltzmann Simulations. t结微通道中无源液滴的产生：实验和晶格玻尔兹曼模拟。

IF 3 3区工程技术

Micromachines Pub Date : 2025-08-31 DOI: 10.3390/mi16091011

Xiang Li, Weiran Wu, Zhiqiang Dong, Yiming Wang, Peng Yu

{"title":"Passive Droplet Generation in T-Junction Microchannel: Experiments and Lattice Boltzmann Simulations.","authors":"Xiang Li, Weiran Wu, Zhiqiang Dong, Yiming Wang, Peng Yu","doi":"10.3390/mi16091011","DOIUrl":"10.3390/mi16091011","url":null,"abstract":"The present study investigates passive microdroplet generation in a T-junction microchannel using microscopic observations, microscale particle image velocimetry (Micro-PIV) visualization, and lattice Boltzmann simulations. The key flow regimes, i.e., dripping, threading, and parallel flow, are characterized by analyzing the balance between hydrodynamic forces and surface tension, revealing the critical role of the flow rate ratio of the continuous to dispersed fluids in regime transitions. Micro-PIV visualizes velocity fields and vortex structures during droplet formation, while a lattice Boltzmann model with wetting boundary conditions captures interface deformation and flow dynamics, showing good agreement with experiments in the dripping and threading regimes but discrepancies in the parallel flow regime due to neglected surface roughness. The present experimental results highlight non-monotonic trends in the maximum head interface and breakup positions of the dispersed fluid under various flow rates, reflecting the competition between the squeezing and shearing forces of the continuous fluid and the hydrodynamic and surface tension forces of the dispersed fluid. Quantitative analysis shows that the droplet size increases with the flow rate of continuous fluid but decreases with the flow rate of dispersed fluid, while generation frequency rises monotonically with the flow rate of dispersed fluid. The dimensionless droplet length correlates with the flow rate ratio, enabling tunable control over droplet size and flow regimes. This work enhances understanding of T-junction microdroplet generation mechanisms, offering insights for applications in precision biology, material fabrication, and drug delivery.","PeriodicalId":18508,"journal":{"name":"Micromachines","volume":"16 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12471960/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145176188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Nanoporous Gold Nanoparticles-Modified Electrode for the Detection of Endotoxins. 纳米孔金修饰电极用于内毒素检测。

IF 3 3区工程技术

Micromachines Pub Date : 2025-08-31 DOI: 10.3390/mi16091014

Dhanbir Lingden, Preston Willis, Jay K Bhattarai, Keith J Stine

{"title":"Nanoporous Gold Nanoparticles-Modified Electrode for the Detection of Endotoxins.","authors":"Dhanbir Lingden, Preston Willis, Jay K Bhattarai, Keith J Stine","doi":"10.3390/mi16091014","DOIUrl":"10.3390/mi16091014","url":null,"abstract":"Nanoporous gold nanoparticles (np-AuNPs) combine inertness, a nanoscale structure, and a porous framework with high surface area, conductivity, and biocompatibility, making them ideal for biosensing, catalysis, fuel cells, and drug delivery. Their open pore structure and low-coordinated atoms enhance biomolecule capture and mass transfer, while their tunable size, pore volume, and ease of surface modification make them promising biosensor transducers. However, synthesizing colloidal np-AuNPs in a simple way with controllable size and scalability remains challenging. The existing approaches mostly rely on specialized equipment, complex setups, and expert knowledge, while still facing challenges in terms of scalability. In this study, we present a simple, seedless, wet-chemical synthesis of colloidal np-AuNPs via the co-reduction of Au/Ag alloys followed by dealloying. By adjusting the Au:Ag ratio, we produced np-AuNPs sized ~120-530 nm, which were immobilized on electrodes for detecting lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a toxic component of Gram-negative bacterial membranes. The LPS biosensor exhibited excellent sensitivity towards detecting wild-type LPS, with a low limit of detection (LOD) of 0.1244 ng/L. This work demonstrates the effective synthesis and application of np-AuNPs in LPS biosensing.","PeriodicalId":18508,"journal":{"name":"Micromachines","volume":"16 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12471410/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145176526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mechanical Behavior Analysis of Neural Electrode Arrays Implantation in Brain Tissue. 神经电极阵列植入脑组织的力学行为分析。

IF 3 3区工程技术

Micromachines Pub Date : 2025-08-31 DOI: 10.3390/mi16091010

Xinyue Tan, Bei Tong, Kunyang Zhang, Changmao Ni, Dengfei Yang, Zhaolong Gao, Yuzhao Huang, Na Yao, Li Huang

{"title":"Mechanical Behavior Analysis of Neural Electrode Arrays Implantation in Brain Tissue.","authors":"Xinyue Tan, Bei Tong, Kunyang Zhang, Changmao Ni, Dengfei Yang, Zhaolong Gao, Yuzhao Huang, Na Yao, Li Huang","doi":"10.3390/mi16091010","DOIUrl":"10.3390/mi16091010","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding the mechanical behavior of implanted neural electrode arrays is crucial for BCI development, which is the foundation for ensuring surgical safety, implantation precision, and evaluating electrode efficacy and long-term stability. Therefore, a reliable FE models are effective in reducing animal experiments and are essential for a deeper understanding of the mechanics of the implantation process. This study established a novel finite element model to simulate neural electrode implantation into brain tissue, specifically characterizing the nonlinear mechanical responses of brain tissue. Synchronized electrode implantation experiments were conducted using ex vivo porcine brain tissue. The results demonstrate that the model accurately reproduces the dynamics of the electrode implantation process. Quantitative analysis reveals that the implantation force exhibits a positive correlation with insertion depth, the average implantation force per electrode within a multi-electrode array decreases with increasing electrode number, and elevation in electrode size, shank spacing, and insertion speed each contribute to a systematic increase in insertion force. This study provides a reliable simulation tool and in-depth mechanistic analysis for predicting the implantation forces of high-density neural electrode arrays and offer theoretical guidance for optimizing BCI implantation device design.","PeriodicalId":18508,"journal":{"name":"Micromachines","volume":"16 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12471835/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145176552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Development, Design, and Electrical Performance Simulation of Novel Through-Type 3D Semi Spherical Electrode Detector Based on SOI Substrate. 基于SOI基板的新型通型三维半球形电极探测器的研制、设计与电性能仿真。

IF 3 3区工程技术

Micromachines Pub Date : 2025-08-31 DOI: 10.3390/mi16091006

Zhiyu Liu, Tao Long, Zheng Li, Xuran Zhu, Jun Zhao, Xinqing Li, Manwen Liu, Meishan Wang

{"title":"Development, Design, and Electrical Performance Simulation of Novel Through-Type 3D Semi Spherical Electrode Detector Based on SOI Substrate.","authors":"Zhiyu Liu, Tao Long, Zheng Li, Xuran Zhu, Jun Zhao, Xinqing Li, Manwen Liu, Meishan Wang","doi":"10.3390/mi16091006","DOIUrl":"10.3390/mi16091006","url":null,"abstract":"This article proposes a novel three-dimensional trench electrode detector, named the through-type three-dimensional quasi-hemispherical electrode detector. The detector adopts a trench structure to package each independent unit and achieves complete penetration of trench electrodes with the help of an SOI substrate. The horizontal distances from the center anode of the detector to the trench cathode and the detector thickness are equal. It has a near-spherical structure and exhibits spherical-like electrical performance. In this study, we modeled the device physics of the new structure and conducted a systematic three-dimensional simulation of its electrical characteristics, including the electric field, electric potential, electron concentration distribution of the detector, the inducted current caused by incident ions, and the crosstalk between detector units. Computational and technology computer-aided design (TCAD) simulation results show that the detector has an ultra-small capacitance (2.7 fF), low depletion voltage (1.4 V), and uniform electric field distribution. The trench electrodes electrically isolate the pixel units from each other so that the coherence effect between the units is small and can be applied in high-resolution X-ray photon counting detectors to enhance the contrast-to-noise ratio of low-dose imaging and the detection rate of tiny structures, among other things.","PeriodicalId":18508,"journal":{"name":"Micromachines","volume":"16 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12471342/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145176282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Quad-Channel Diplexer Using Stub-Loaded Step Impedance Resonators. 采用存根负载阶跃阻抗谐振器的四通道双工器。

IF 3 3区工程技术

Micromachines Pub Date : 2025-08-31 DOI: 10.3390/mi16091012

Liqin Liu, Zhenheng Lin, Qun Chen, Li Zhang, Minhang Weng, Ruyuan Yang

引用次数: 0

Design of Hydrogel Microneedle Arrays for Physiology Monitoring of Farm Animals. 用于农场动物生理监测的水凝胶微针阵列设计。

IF 3 3区工程技术

Micromachines Pub Date : 2025-08-31 DOI: 10.3390/mi16091015

Laurabelle Gautier, Sandra Wiart-Letort, Alexandra Massé, Caroline Xavier, Lorraine Novais-Gameiro, Antoine Hoang, Marie Escudé, Ilaria Sorrentino, Muriel Bonnet, Florence Gondret, Claire Verplanck, Isabelle Texier

{"title":"Design of Hydrogel Microneedle Arrays for Physiology Monitoring of Farm Animals.","authors":"Laurabelle Gautier, Sandra Wiart-Letort, Alexandra Massé, Caroline Xavier, Lorraine Novais-Gameiro, Antoine Hoang, Marie Escudé, Ilaria Sorrentino, Muriel Bonnet, Florence Gondret, Claire Verplanck, Isabelle Texier","doi":"10.3390/mi16091015","DOIUrl":"10.3390/mi16091015","url":null,"abstract":"For monitoring animal adaptation when facing environmental challenges, and more specifically when addressing the impacts of global warming-particularly responses to heat stress and short-term fluctuations in osmotic regulations in the different organs influencing animal physiology-there is an increasing demand for digital tools to understand and monitor a range of biomarkers. Microneedle arrays (MNAs) have recently emerged as promising devices minimally invasively penetrating human skin to access dermal interstitial fluid (ISF) to monitor deviations in physiology and consequences on health. The ISF is a blood filtrate where the concentrations of ions, low molecular weight metabolites (<70 kDa), hormones, and drugs, often closely correlate with those in blood. However, anatomical skin differences between human and farm animals, especially large animals, as well as divergent tolerances of such devices among species with behavior specificities, motivate new MNA designs. We addressed technological challenges to design higher microneedles for farm animal (pigs and cattle) measurements. We designed microneedle arrays composed of 37 microneedles, each 2.8 mm in height, using dextran-methacrylate, a photo-crosslinked biocompatible biopolymer-based hydrogel. The arrays were characterized geometrically and mechanically. Their abilities to perforate pig and cow skin were demonstrated through histological analysis. The MNAs successfully absorbed approximately 10 µL of fluid within 3 h of application.","PeriodicalId":18508,"journal":{"name":"Micromachines","volume":"16 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12471878/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145176272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Time-Dependent Optothermal Performance Analysis of a Flexible RGB-W LED Light Engine. 柔性RGB-W LED光引擎的光热特性分析

IF 3 3区工程技术

Micromachines Pub Date : 2025-08-31 DOI: 10.3390/mi16091007

Md Shafiqul Islam, Mehmet Arik

{"title":"Time-Dependent Optothermal Performance Analysis of a Flexible RGB-W LED Light Engine.","authors":"Md Shafiqul Islam, Mehmet Arik","doi":"10.3390/mi16091007","DOIUrl":"10.3390/mi16091007","url":null,"abstract":"The wide application of light emitting diodes (LEDs) in lighting systems has necessitated the inclusion of spectral tunability by using multi-color LED chips. Since the lighting requirement depends on the specific application, it is very important to have flexibility in terms of the driving conditions. While many applications use single or rather white color, some recent applications require multi-spectral lighting systems especially for agricultural or human-medical treatment applications. These systems are underexplored and pose specific challenges. In this paper, a mixture of red, green, blue, white (RGB-W) LED chips was used to develop a compact light engine specifically for agricultural applications. A computational study was performed to understand the optical distribution. Later, attention was turned into development of prototype light engines followed by experimental validation for both the thermal and optical characteristics. Each LED string was driven separately at different current levels enabling an option for obtaining an infinite number of colors for numerous applications. Each LED string on the developed light engine was driven at 300 mA, 500 mA, 700 mA, and 900 mA current levels, and the optical and thermal parameters were recorded simultaneously. A set of computational models and an experimental study were performed to understand the optical and thermal characteristics simultaneously.","PeriodicalId":18508,"journal":{"name":"Micromachines","volume":"16 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12472051/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145176523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Wettability, Tribology, Degradation, and Topography of Laser-Textured Surfaces of Biopolymers. 生物高聚物激光织构表面的润湿性、摩擦学、降解和形貌。

IF 3 3区工程技术

Micromachines Pub Date : 2025-08-31 DOI: 10.3390/mi16091009

Ciprian-Dumitru Ciofu, Petronela-Daniela Rusu Ostahie, Marcin Adamiak, Oktawian Bialas, Catalin Tampu, Panagiotis Kyratsis, Anastasios Tzotzis, Simona-Nicoleta Mazurchevici, Alexandra Nedelcu, Zhengyi Jiang, Daniel Mindru, Dumitru Nedelcu

{"title":"Wettability, Tribology, Degradation, and Topography of Laser-Textured Surfaces of Biopolymers.","authors":"Ciprian-Dumitru Ciofu, Petronela-Daniela Rusu Ostahie, Marcin Adamiak, Oktawian Bialas, Catalin Tampu, Panagiotis Kyratsis, Anastasios Tzotzis, Simona-Nicoleta Mazurchevici, Alexandra Nedelcu, Zhengyi Jiang, Daniel Mindru, Dumitru Nedelcu","doi":"10.3390/mi16091009","DOIUrl":"10.3390/mi16091009","url":null,"abstract":"Surface texturing involves creating micro-channels, micro-dimples, micro-grooving, and other surface modifications. To do this, laser and micromachining are employed on the substrate surface in addition to other methods. The surface characteristics of the Arboblend V2 Nature biodegradable polymers with laser texturing, hexagonal and square patterns, and four and six passes are shown in this study. Regardless of the texture type, Arboblend V2 Nature's hydrophilic surface (a contact angle of less than 90°) was demonstrated by the results of the wettability test. The underlying material's wear behavior changed as a result of the LST surface modification. The COF values increased only after six passes with both textures. On the topographical side, Arboblend V2 Nature (square and hexagonal) shows a consistent X-axis expansion in the hexagonal geometry and a considerable amount of variability in the square geometry, especially at six passes, where the Y-axis (higher depths) is more compressed. According to the results, since textured surfaces are practicable, non-biodegradable polymers from a variety of industries can be substituted.","PeriodicalId":18508,"journal":{"name":"Micromachines","volume":"16 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12472178/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145176528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Editorial for Special Issue on Ultra-Precision Machining of Difficult-to-Machine Materials. “难加工材料的超精密加工”特刊社论。

IF 3 3区工程技术

Micromachines Pub Date : 2025-08-30 DOI: 10.3390/mi16091004

Chen Li

引用次数: 0