Micromachines最新文献

Microfabrication Strategies for Silicon Anodes in On-Chip and Miniaturized Batteries. 片上和小型化电池中硅阳极的微加工策略。

IF 3.5 3区工程技术

Micromachines Pub Date : 2026-09-21 DOI: 10.3390/mi17091103

Heonsu Park, Churl Seung Lee, Joonho Bae

{"title":"Microfabrication Strategies for Silicon Anodes in On-Chip and Miniaturized Batteries.","authors":"Heonsu Park, Churl Seung Lee, Joonho Bae","doi":"10.3390/mi17091103","DOIUrl":"10.3390/mi17091103","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid expansion of autonomous microsystems, implantable sensors, wireless sensor nodes, Internet-of-Things devices, distributed electronics, and heterogeneous system-on-chip platforms has intensified the demand for compact electrochemical energy-storage systems that can be integrated directly with microfabricated devices. Among the various negative electrode materials, silicon is particularly attractive for miniaturized lithium-ion batteries because of its high theoretical lithium-storage capacity, abundance, compatibility with mature semiconductor processing, and direct availability as both an active material and a structural platform. However, the practical implementation of silicon anodes in on-chip and miniaturized batteries remains difficult because lithiation-induced volume expansion, fracture, unstable solid-electrolyte interphase formation, loss of electrical contact, and process-integration constraints become more severe as the battery footprint is reduced to the microscale. In contrast to conventional slurry-cast silicon electrodes, silicon anodes for microbatteries can exploit microfabrication strategies such as thin-film deposition, photolithography, deep reactive ion etching, metal-assisted chemical etching, nanoimprint lithography, laser patterning, template-assisted growth, atomic layer deposition, and wafer-level encapsulation. These methods enable deterministic control over electrode geometry, areal loading, porosity, current-collector contact, diffusion length, mechanical compliance, interfacial chemistry, and compatibility with complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor and microelectromechanical-system platforms. This review summarizes the recent progress in microfabrication strategies for silicon anodes in on-chip and miniaturized batteries, emphasizing the relationship between the process route, electrode architecture, mechanical stability, electrochemical performance, and manufacturability.","PeriodicalId":18508,"journal":{"name":"Micromachines","volume":"17 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13608891/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149062073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Low-Loss Hybrid Acoustic Bandpass Filter with Continuously Tunable Fractional Bandwidth. 具有连续可调分数带宽的低损耗混合声带通滤波器。

IF 3.5 3区工程技术

Micromachines Pub Date : 2026-09-21 DOI: 10.3390/mi17091101

Xianli Tang, Yonghao Jia, Yuandong Gu

{"title":"A Low-Loss Hybrid Acoustic Bandpass Filter with Continuously Tunable Fractional Bandwidth.","authors":"Xianli Tang, Yonghao Jia, Yuandong Gu","doi":"10.3390/mi17091101","DOIUrl":"10.3390/mi17091101","url":null,"abstract":"This research proposes a low-loss hybrid acoustic bandpass filter with continuously tunable fractional bandwidth. A reconfigurable acoustic-wave-lumped-element resonator (AWLR) module with a varactor diode is studied. Based on the reconfigurable AWLR modules, two ladder-type tunable filters, including a single-series/single-shunt configuration (Type I) and a single-series/two-shunt configuration (Type II), are designed. Their analytical expressions are derived to directly predict their electrical characteristics. Their calculated and simulated insertion loss and 3 dB fractional bandwidth show good agreement, which validates the correctness of the theoretical analysis. The proposed two configurations of the reconfigurable AWLR-based filters are fabricated and measured. The Type I filter achieves a 3 dB fractional bandwidth tuning range from 1.16kt2 to 1.76kt2 with a minimum insertion loss of 1.2 dB and a maximum of 2.2 dB. The Type II filter provides a wider tuning range from 0.96kt2 to 1.85kt2 with a minimum insertion loss of 1.7 dB and a maximum of 2.7 dB. The results indicate that the proposed filter offers a favorable balance between bandwidth tunability and insertion loss.","PeriodicalId":18508,"journal":{"name":"Micromachines","volume":"17 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13609839/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149062465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes: Engineering, Stability, and Applications. 钙钛矿发光二极管：工程、稳定性和应用。

IF 3.5 3区工程技术

Micromachines Pub Date : 2026-09-21 DOI: 10.3390/mi17091102

Zhengran He, Luke Schneider, Jiawei Gong, Jie Zhao, Kyeiwaa Asare-Yeboah

{"title":"Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes: Engineering, Stability, and Applications.","authors":"Zhengran He, Luke Schneider, Jiawei Gong, Jie Zhao, Kyeiwaa Asare-Yeboah","doi":"10.3390/mi17091102","DOIUrl":"10.3390/mi17091102","url":null,"abstract":"Metal-halide perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) have rapidly achieved external quantum efficiencies comparable to established organic and quantum-dot LEDs. Their narrow emission spectra, tunable bandgaps, high photoluminescence efficiencies, and low-temperature processing make them promising for displays, lighting, optical communication, and flexible electronics, although their commercialization remains limited by short operational lifetime, efficiency roll-off, unstable blue emission, ion migration, interfacial degradation, and poor large-area uniformity. This review provides a device-engineering-centered analysis connecting perovskite materials and processing conditions with charge injection, radiative recombination, optical extraction, and stability. It introduces the essential characteristics of 3D, 2D/quasi-2D, and nanocrystal perovskites and evaluates major engineering approaches, including composition and dimensionality control, crystallization regulation, defect passivation, transport-layer and interface modification, charge balancing, and optical outcoupling. An emphasis of this review is its comparison of the problems addressed by these approaches and their trade-offs among efficiency, spectral stability, lifetime, and manufacturing compatibility. Degradation under electrical operation is examined with attention to Joule heating, ion migration, charge accumulation, and interfacial reactions. Emerging patterned, reconfigurable, flexible, transparent, and communication devices are also discussed. Finally, the review identifies operational stability, efficient blue emission, scalable fabrication, high-resolution patterning, lead toxicity, and competition with OLEDs as the principal challenges for PeLED commercialization.","PeriodicalId":18508,"journal":{"name":"Micromachines","volume":"17 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13609858/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149062306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Low-Power Chopper-Stabilized Readout Interface ASIC for High-Resolution TMR Magnetometers. 用于高分辨率TMR磁强计的低功耗斩波稳定读出接口ASIC。

IF 3.5 3区工程技术

Micromachines Pub Date : 2026-09-21 DOI: 10.3390/mi17091104

Wanting Rong, Dechao Sun, Wenbo Zhang, Hao Ye

{"title":"A Low-Power Chopper-Stabilized Readout Interface ASIC for High-Resolution TMR Magnetometers.","authors":"Wanting Rong, Dechao Sun, Wenbo Zhang, Hao Ye","doi":"10.3390/mi17091104","DOIUrl":"10.3390/mi17091104","url":null,"abstract":"Tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) sensors have attracted considerable attention in high-resolution magnetic-field measurement owing to their high sensitivity, low power consumption, and excellent temperature stability. However, the weak differential output of TMR Wheatstone bridges is highly susceptible to DC offset and low-frequency flicker noise, which significantly limits the overall sensing performance. To address these issues, this paper presents a low-power readout interface ASIC based on a chopper-stabilized programmable instrumentation amplifier (PGIA) for TMR magnetic sensors. The proposed PGIA provides eight programmable gain settings from 1 V/V to 128 V/V. A transconductance equalization technique is introduced to maintain nearly constant input transconductance over the entire rail-to-rail common-mode input range, thereby improving gain stability and reducing input-referred noise. In addition, a dynamic slew-rate enhancement circuit is employed to improve transient response without increasing static power consumption, while a digitally assisted offset calibration circuit effectively suppresses input offset and enhances measurement accuracy. The proposed interface ASIC was fabricated using a standard 0.18 μm CMOS process and experimentally evaluated in a compact TMR magnetometer prototype. Measurement results demonstrate a full-scale nonlinearity of 0.1% FS over a ±100 μT magnetic-field range, a magnetic noise density of 0.13 nT/√Hz at 1 Hz, and a combined power consumption of 10 mW for the readout ASIC and TMR sensing bridge, with the prototype powered from a 5 V external supply and the ASIC core operating from a regulated 3.3 V rail. Compared with representative reported magnetometers, the proposed system achieves an excellent trade-off among power consumption, linearity, and magnetic-field resolution, making it well suited for portable and high-precision magnetic sensing applications.","PeriodicalId":18508,"journal":{"name":"Micromachines","volume":"17 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13609795/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149062480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Advances in Morphology Control of Through-Glass via Wet Etching for High-Performance Glass-Based Packaging. 高性能玻璃基封装中湿法蚀刻透玻璃形貌控制的研究进展。

IF 3.5 3区工程技术

Micromachines Pub Date : 2026-09-20 DOI: 10.3390/mi17091100

Qi Zhang, Houtong Liu

{"title":"Advances in Morphology Control of Through-Glass via Wet Etching for High-Performance Glass-Based Packaging.","authors":"Qi Zhang, Houtong Liu","doi":"10.3390/mi17091100","DOIUrl":"10.3390/mi17091100","url":null,"abstract":"Through-glass vias (TGVs) are important high-aspect-ratio structures for glass-based advanced integration, and their wet-etching morphology significantly influences metallization quality, electrical performance, and reliability. This review establishes a process-morphology-performance framework to analyze morphology control strategies in TGV wet etching. Existing approaches are classified according to their morphology regulation mechanisms, including conventional hydrofluoric acid/buffered hydrofluoric acid etching, material modification, assisted etching, laser-induced selective etching, and hybrid strategies. The effects of these approaches on aspect ratio, sidewall roughness, sidewall verticality, dimensional uniformity, and defect formation are systematically discussed. Conventional HF/BHF etching exhibits high process maturity and low cost but is limited by isotropic dissolution and mass transport effects. Material modification and assisted etching improve local etching selectivity but remain dependent on glass composition and processing conditions. Laser-induced selective etching provides enhanced morphology control through localized structural modification. Future TGV fabrication requires integrated regulation of material modification, mass transport, and process monitoring to achieve precise via morphology optimization. This review provides guidance for selecting and optimizing wet-etching strategies for high-quality glass microstructure fabrication.","PeriodicalId":18508,"journal":{"name":"Micromachines","volume":"17 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13609663/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149062506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Temperature-Controlled Surface Plasmon Polariton Propagation in InSb-Uniaxial Chiral-InSb Waveguides for Near-Infrared Optical Communication. 近红外光通信用insb单轴手性insb波导中温控表面等离子激元偏振子传播。

IF 3.5 3区工程技术

Micromachines Pub Date : 2026-09-18 DOI: 10.3390/mi17091099

Bader Alhasson

{"title":"Temperature-Controlled Surface Plasmon Polariton Propagation in InSb-Uniaxial Chiral-InSb Waveguides for Near-Infrared Optical Communication.","authors":"Bader Alhasson","doi":"10.3390/mi17091099","DOIUrl":"10.3390/mi17091099","url":null,"abstract":"Highly integrated photonic devices have attracted considerable attention for data-transmission systems. However, conventional metal-based photonic devices provide limited tunability and control over electromagnetic surface waves. Therefore, dynamically tunable integrated photonic devices are needed. This paper presents a theoretical model of an indium antimonide-uniaxial chiral-indium antimonide (InSb-UAC-InSb) structure operating in the near-infrared frequency regime. Electromagnetic wave theory is used for numerical analysis, and the characteristic equation is obtained by applying the appropriate boundary conditions. The propagation constant is examined for different values of chirality, core-width, InSb temperature, and incident-wave frequency for two types of uniaxial chiral media. Variation in temperature and chirality demonstrate the tunability of the interface under different operating conditions, enabling enhanced light confinement and low-loss propagation modes in the near-infrared region. The results show that the propagation constant in Case II exhibits greater sensitivity than that in Case I and shows a high value even at lower frequencies. This study provides a promising platform for thermally reconfigurable photonic components, temperature-sensitive optical devices, and near-infrared optical communication applications.","PeriodicalId":18508,"journal":{"name":"Micromachines","volume":"17 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13609434/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149062442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Electromechanical-Thermal Coupling Modeling of Scattering Fields for Conformal Load-Bearing Antennas. 共形承重天线散射场的机电热耦合建模。

IF 3.5 3区工程技术

Micromachines Pub Date : 2026-09-18 DOI: 10.3390/mi17091098

Yan Wang, Peiyan Zhang, Jiayang Li, Linchen Han, Longyang Wang, Peiyuan Lian, Zhihai Wang, Wanlu Hu, Congsi Wang

{"title":"Electromechanical-Thermal Coupling Modeling of Scattering Fields for Conformal Load-Bearing Antennas.","authors":"Yan Wang, Peiyan Zhang, Jiayang Li, Linchen Han, Longyang Wang, Peiyuan Lian, Zhihai Wang, Wanlu Hu, Congsi Wang","doi":"10.3390/mi17091098","DOIUrl":"10.3390/mi17091098","url":null,"abstract":"During service, conformal load-bearing antennas (CLBAs) are subjected to the coupled effects of aerodynamic and aerothermal loads. The resulting geometric distortion of the array surface, deflection of element pointing, and temperature drift of the material electromagnetic parameters lead to the degradation of radar cross-section (RCS) characteristics. To overcome the limitation of existing scattering models in uniformly describing the aforementioned multi-physics coupling effects, this paper proposes a comprehensive electromechanical-thermal coupled modeling method for the scattering field of CLBAs. This method establishes a complete mapping from flight conditions to the array RCS by incorporating geometric corrections for element-level pointing deflection and bending deformation, material corrections accounting for the temperature-dependent antenna efficiency, and phase corrections induced by aerodynamic displacements. Verification using a 9 × 9 cylindrical conformal array shows that, within a scanning range of ±30°, the model calculations agree with HFSS full-wave simulations with an absolute error of less than 1 dB, and the broadside RCS is reduced by 14.97 dB compared with that of a planar array. Furthermore, a BP neural network surrogate model is constructed to achieve accurate prediction of the array physical fields. Analyses across the Mach regime of 0.20-0.65 Ma indicate that structural deformation is the dominant cause of RCS distortion, with the trailing-edge array experiencing a rapid nonlinear increase in RCS peak increment, reaching up to 7 dB at 0.65 Ma. The proposed model provides an effective theoretical tool for the rapid evaluation of stealth performance for conformal antennas operating in complex environments.","PeriodicalId":18508,"journal":{"name":"Micromachines","volume":"17 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13609511/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149062396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A High-Aperture-Efficiency Fabry-Perot Antenna with Broadband Out-of-Band RCS Reduction Enabled by a Partially Reflective Absorptive Frequency-Selective Surface. 利用部分反射吸收选频表面实现宽带带外RCS减小的高效率法布里-珀罗天线。

IF 3.5 3区工程技术

Micromachines Pub Date : 2026-09-18 DOI: 10.3390/mi17091097

Binbin Jiang, Yi-Feng Cheng, Dayong Gong, Yufeng Wang, Jiang Xiong, Yufeng Yu

{"title":"A High-Aperture-Efficiency Fabry-Perot Antenna with Broadband Out-of-Band RCS Reduction Enabled by a Partially Reflective Absorptive Frequency-Selective Surface.","authors":"Binbin Jiang, Yi-Feng Cheng, Dayong Gong, Yufeng Wang, Jiang Xiong, Yufeng Yu","doi":"10.3390/mi17091097","DOIUrl":"10.3390/mi17091097","url":null,"abstract":"A high-aperture-efficiency Fabry-Perot (FP) antenna with broadband out-of-band radar cross-section (RCS) reduction enabled by a partially reflective absorptive frequency-selective surface (PRAFSS) is proposed. Unlike conventional absorptive frequency-selective surfaces that emphasize high in-band transmission, the PRAFSS is designed specifically for FP cavity operation. It provides controlled reflection and transmission near 1 GHz to sustain cavity resonance, while providing broadband absorption at higher frequencies for out-of-band scattering suppression. A prototype is designed, fabricated, and measured. The measured -10 dB impedance bandwidth is 965-1009 MHz (4.46%), and the measured gain reaches approximately 13.0 dBi near 985 MHz, with a gain enhancement greater than 2.2 dB relative to the reference antenna. Using the measured gain and the exact 416 mm × 416 mm physical aperture, the measured gain-based aperture efficiency is approximately 85.1%. Full-wave far-field simulations predict a continuous 10 dB monostatic RCS reduction band of 3.05-6.47 GHz. The finite-range measurement shows a consistent reference-normalized backscattering reduction band of 3.15-6.32 GHz. The results demonstrate a cavity-oriented design strategy in which high aperture utilization in the antenna operating band and broadband out-of-band scattering suppression are implemented by different electromagnetic responses of the same PRAFSS.","PeriodicalId":18508,"journal":{"name":"Micromachines","volume":"17 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13608906/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149062544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Direct Molding of Luer Connections in PDMS Microfluidic Devices: Comparison with Conventional Interface Methods. PDMS微流控器件中Luer连接的直接成型：与传统接口方法的比较。

IF 3.5 3区工程技术

Micromachines Pub Date : 2026-09-17 DOI: 10.3390/mi17091094

Gina Layedra, Alexander Paolo Vallejo Janeta, Rocio Gimenez, Ramiro Isa Jara, Ana Belén Peñaherrera-Pazmiño, Arianna Mayorga-Ramos, Gustavo Rosero, Maximiliano S Perez, Betiana Lerner

{"title":"Direct Molding of Luer Connections in PDMS Microfluidic Devices: Comparison with Conventional Interface Methods.","authors":"Gina Layedra, Alexander Paolo Vallejo Janeta, Rocio Gimenez, Ramiro Isa Jara, Ana Belén Peñaherrera-Pazmiño, Arianna Mayorga-Ramos, Gustavo Rosero, Maximiliano S Perez, Betiana Lerner","doi":"10.3390/mi17091094","DOIUrl":"10.3390/mi17091094","url":null,"abstract":"Reliable world-to-chip connections remain a critical challenge in PDMS-based microfluidic devices, particularly under high-pressure flow conditions. In this work, we present a simple, low-cost, and reproducible method to directly mold male Luer cone fittings into PDMS devices during fabrication, without compromising the geometry of microchannels. To evaluate the effectiveness of this approach, we compared the performance of three connection types-PTFE tubing, metal pipes, and molded Luer adaptors-by measuring the infusion pressure at which fluid leakage occurred. Devices with integrated Luer adaptors consistently withstood higher pressures (up to 1555 mbar) with reduced variability across repeated connection cycles, while PTFE and metal connections failed at lower pressures and showed inconsistent leakage behavior. As a biological proof of concept, Staphylococcus aureus biofilms were grown in the microfluidic channels under continuous perfusion and subsequently exposed to flow rates of 50, 83.3, and 116.7 µL/min. Image analysis showed an initial biofilm-covered area of 14.22% of the analyzed channel area, while the biofilm areas remaining after exposure to 50, 83.3, and 116.7 µL/min were 1.39, 0.85, and 0.32%, respectively. The final measurement represented a reduction of approximately 97.7% relative to the initial biofilm coverage. The molded Luer connections maintained stable fluid delivery during biofilm cultivation and flow-induced detachment, supporting their use in biological microfluidic applications. Overall, this molding strategy provides a robust and reusable Luer-compatible interface for integrating standardized connections into soft-lithography-based microfluidic platforms.","PeriodicalId":18508,"journal":{"name":"Micromachines","volume":"17 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13609235/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149062392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Topology-Driven Mechanical Tuning of FDM-Printed TPU Tubular Lattices with Auxetic Architectures. fdm打印TPU管状晶格的拓扑驱动机械调谐。

IF 3.5 3区工程技术

Micromachines Pub Date : 2026-09-17 DOI: 10.3390/mi17091092

Yun Zhai, Shenhui Sang, Yu Liu, David Hui, Depeng Shang

{"title":"Topology-Driven Mechanical Tuning of FDM-Printed TPU Tubular Lattices with Auxetic Architectures.","authors":"Yun Zhai, Shenhui Sang, Yu Liu, David Hui, Depeng Shang","doi":"10.3390/mi17091092","DOIUrl":"10.3390/mi17091092","url":null,"abstract":"Auxetic tubular lattices provide a potential structural platform for simultaneously tuning radial support, axial dimensional stability, and bending flexibility; however, the coupled effects of topology and geometric parameters on these mechanical responses remain insufficiently understood. In this study, a topology-driven design framework was established for fused deposition modeling (FDM)-printed thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) tubular lattices. Five auxetic topologies were designed by regulating curvature polarity and structural symmetry, while planar porosity and wall thickness were selected as geometric control parameters. Numerical simulations combined with experimental validation were employed to systematically evaluate axial bending stiffness, radial support force, Poisson's ratio, and stress distribution. The results demonstrate that geometric curvature promotes radial load transfer through an arch-like mechanism and contributes to stress redistribution, whereas structural symmetry strongly influences axial compliance and auxetic deformation. Planar porosity acts as the dominant macroscopic tuning parameter for overall mechanical performance, while wall thickness provides a secondary fine-tuning mechanism with greater sensitivity to local stress variation. Based on these findings, a hierarchical design strategy integrating topology, planar porosity, and wall thickness is proposed, providing a generalizable approach for tailoring the mechanical performance of FDM-printed elastomeric tubular lattices.","PeriodicalId":18508,"journal":{"name":"Micromachines","volume":"17 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13609363/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149062395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0