Micromachines最新文献

{"title":"Editorial for the Special Issue on Nanomaterials Photonics.","authors":"Raul Rangel-Rojo, Luciana R P Kassab, Tiziana Cesca","doi":"10.3390/mi15101268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/mi15101268","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Back in 1959, Richard Feynman, in his famous lecture, stated that \"<i>There is plenty of room at the bottom</i>\", which made us aware of the possibilities of nanotechnology, i [...].</p>","PeriodicalId":18508,"journal":{"name":"Micromachines","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11509319/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142503679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-Wavelength Narrow-Spacing Laser Frequency Stabilization Technology Based on Fabry-Perot Etalon.","authors":"Ju Wang, Ye Gao, Jinlong Yu, Hao Luo, Xuemin Su, Shiyu Zhang, Ruize Zhang, Chuang Ma","doi":"10.3390/mi15101269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/mi15101269","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Classical frequency-stabilized lasers have achieved high-frequency stability and reproducibility; however, their extensive wavelength spacing limits their utility in various scenarios. This study introduces a novel frequency-stabilized laser scheme that integrates a Fabry-Perot etalon (FPE) with digital control technology and wavelength modulation techniques. The FPE, characterized by multiple transmission peaks at minimal frequency intervals, provides stable frequency references for different lasers, thereby enhancing the system's flexibility and adaptability. An error signal is derived from the first-order differentiation of the FPE's transmission curve. A 180° phase difference was observed in the feedback output signal when the laser's central frequency diverged from the reference, determining that the direction of the frequency control was accordingly determined.Employing feedback control, the laser's output frequency is stabilized at the transmission peak frequency of the FPE. Experimental results demonstrate that this stabilization scheme effectively locks the laser's output wavelength to different transmission peak frequencies of the FPE, achieving 25 GHz wavelength spacing. The frequency stability is improved by two orders of magnitude on a second-level timescale, maintained within hundreds of kHz, equating to a frequency stability level of 10^-10.</p>","PeriodicalId":18508,"journal":{"name":"Micromachines","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11509127/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142503713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical Property of Thermoplastic Polyurethane Vascular Stents Fabricated by Fused Filament Fabrication.","authors":"Yun Zhai, Zezhi Sun, Tie Zhang, Changchun Zhou, Xiangpeng Kong","doi":"10.3390/mi15101266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/mi15101266","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vascular stents have many applications in treating arterial stenosis and other vascular-related diseases. The ideal vascular stent for clinical application should have radial support and axial bending mechanical properties that meet the requirements of vascular deformation coordination. The materials used for vascular stents implanted in the human body should have corresponding biocompatibility to ensure that the stents do not cause coagulation, hemolysis, and other reactions in the blood. This study fabricated four types of vascular stents, including inner hexagon, arrowhead, quadrilateral, and outer hexagonal, using fused filament fabrication technology and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) as materials. By evaluating the effects of edge width and wall thickness on the radial support and axial bending performance, it was found that the inner hexagonal stent exhibited the best radial support and axial bending performance under the same conditions. The design and fabrication of vascular stents based on 3D printing technology have promising application prospects in personalized customized vascular repair therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":18508,"journal":{"name":"Micromachines","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11509589/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142503709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LDF-BNN: A Real-Time and High-Accuracy Binary Neural Network Accelerator Based on the Improved BNext.","authors":"Rui Wan, Rui Cen, Dezheng Zhang, Dong Wang","doi":"10.3390/mi15101265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/mi15101265","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Significant progress has been made in industrial defect detection due to the powerful feature extraction capabilities of deep neural networks (DNNs). However, the high computational cost and memory requirement of DNNs pose a great challenge to the deployment of industrial edge-side devices. Although traditional binary neural networks (BNNs) have the advantages of small storage space requirements, high parallel computing capability, and low power consumption, the problem of significant accuracy degradation cannot be ignored. To tackle these challenges, this paper constructs a BNN with layered data fusion mechanism (LDF-BNN) based on BNext. By introducing the above mechanism, it strives to minimize the bandwidth pressure while reducing the loss of accuracy. Furthermore, we have designed an efficient hardware accelerator architecture based on this mechanism, enhancing the performance of high-accuracy BNN models with complex network structures. Additionally, the introduction of multi-storage parallelism alleviates the limitations imposed by the internal transfer rate, thus improving the overall computational efficiency. The experimental results show that our proposed LDF-BNN outperforms other methods in the comprehensive comparison, achieving a high accuracy of 72.23%, an image processing rate of 72.6 frames per second (FPS), and 1826 giga operations per second (GOPs) on the ImageNet dataset. Meanwhile, LDF-BNN can also be well applied to defect detection dataset Mixed WM-38, achieving a high accuracy of 98.70%.</p>","PeriodicalId":18508,"journal":{"name":"Micromachines","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11509701/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142503707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal Bending Simulation and Experimental Study of 3D Ultra-Thin Glass Components for Smartwatches.","authors":"Shunchang Hu, Peiyan Sun, Zhen Zhang, Guojun Zhang, Wuyi Ming","doi":"10.3390/mi15101264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/mi15101264","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The heating system is an essential component of the glass molding process. It is responsible for heating the glass to an appropriate temperature, allowing it to soften and be easily molded. However, the energy consumption of the heating system becomes particularly significant in large-scale production. This study utilized G-11 glass for the simulation analysis and developed a finite element model for the thermal conduction of a 3D ultra-thin glass molding system, as well as a thermal bending model for smartwatches. Using finite element software, the heat transfer between the mold and the glass was modeled, and the temperature distribution and thermal stress under various processing conditions were predicted. The findings of the simulation, when subjected to a numerical analysis, showed that heating rate techniques significantly affect energy consumption. This study devised a total of four heating strategies. Upon comparison, optimizing with heating strategy 4, which applies an initial heating rate of 35 mJ/(mm²·s) during the initial phase (0 to 60 s) and subsequently escalates to 45 mJ/(mm²·s) during the second phase (60 to 160 s), resulted in a reduction of 4.396% in the system's thermal output and a notable decrease of 7.875% in the heating duration, respectively. Furthermore, a single-factor research method was employed to study the forming process parameters. By comparing the numerical simulation results, it was found that within the temperature range of 615-625 °C, a molding pressure of 25-35 MPa, a heating rate of 1.5-2.5 °C/s, a cooling rate of 0.5-1 °C/s, and a pulse pressure of 45-55 Hz, the influence on residual stress and shape deviation in the glass was minimal. The relative error range was within the 20% acceptable limit, according to the experimental validation, which offered crucial direction and ideas for process development.</p>","PeriodicalId":18508,"journal":{"name":"Micromachines","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11509441/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142503747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optical Forces on Chiral Particles: Science and Applications.","authors":"Weicheng Yi, Haiyang Huang, Chengxing Lai, Tao He, Zhanshan Wang, Xinhua Dai, Yuzhi Shi, Xinbin Cheng","doi":"10.3390/mi15101267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/mi15101267","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chiral particles have attracted considerable attention due to their distinctive interactions with light, which enable a variety of cutting-edge applications. This review presents a comprehensive analysis of the optical forces acting on chiral particles, categorizing them into gradient force, radiation pressure, optical lateral force, pulling force, and optical force on coupled chiral particles. We thoroughly overview the fundamental physical mechanisms underlying these forces, supported by theoretical models and experimental evidence. Additionally, we discuss the practical implications of these optical forces, highlighting their potential applications in optical manipulation, particle sorting, chiral sensing, and detection. This review aims to offer a thorough understanding of the intricate interplay between chiral particles and optical forces, laying the groundwork for future advancements in nanotechnology and photonics.</p>","PeriodicalId":18508,"journal":{"name":"Micromachines","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11509618/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142503716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Air Leakages at Microvalves: Pressure Decay Measurements and Extended Continuum Modelling of Knudsen Flows.","authors":"Daniel Anheuer, Johannes Schwarz, Patrick Debera, Klaus Heinrich, Christoph Kutter, Martin Richter","doi":"10.3390/mi15101263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/mi15101263","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To improve the performance of valves in relation to the leakage rate, a comprehensive evaluation of the valve characteristics and behavior during pressure exposure is important. Often, these low gas flow rates below 0.1 cm³/min cannot be accurately measured with conventional flow sensors. This paper presents a small and low-cost test rig for measuring gas leakage rates accurately, even far below 0.1 cm³/min, with the pressure decay method. These leakage flows are substantiated with a flow model, where we demonstrate the feasibility of modeling those gas flows with an extended Navier-Stokes framework to obtain more accurate theoretical predictions. As expected, the comparison to the experimental results proves that the classical Navier-Stokes system is unsuitable for modeling Knudsen flows. Hence, self-diffusion of gas, a wall-slip boundary condition, and an effective mean free path model were introduced in a physically evident manner. In terms of the calculated mass flow, while self-diffusion and slip boundary conditions explain deviations from the classical Navier-Stokes equation for Knudsen numbers already smaller than 1, the effective mean free path model has an effect, especially when <i>Kn</i> > 1. For simplified conditions, an analytical solution was presented and compared to the results of an OpenFOAM CFD-solver for flow rates through more complex gap-flow geometries of the flap valve. Hereby, acceptable deviations between 10% and 20% were observed. A comparison with measurement results was carried out. The reproducibility of the measurement method was verified by comparing multiple measurements of one silicon microvalve sample to a state-of-the-art flow sensor. Three geometrically similar passive silicon microvalves were measured with air overpressure decreasing from 15 kPa relative to atmospheric pressure. Maximum gas volume flowing in a blocking direction of 1-26 µL/min with high reproducibility and marginal noise were observed.</p>","PeriodicalId":18508,"journal":{"name":"Micromachines","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11509087/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142503660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Net Shape Profile Extraction Approach for Exploring the Forming Appearance of Inclined Thick-Walled Structures by Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing.","authors":"Yexing Zheng, Yongzhe Li, Yijun Zhou, Xiaoyu Wang, Guangjun Zhang","doi":"10.3390/mi15101262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/mi15101262","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) offers a viable solution for fabricating large-scale metallic parts, which contain various forms of inclined thick-walled structure. Due to the variety of heat dissipation conditions at different positions, the inclined thick-walled structure is a major challenge in fabrication that may produce collapses and defects. However, there is a lack of effective sensing method for acquiring the forming appearance of individual beads in the structure. This paper proposes a novel approach for extracting individual bead profiles during the WAAM process. The approach utilizes a structured-laser sensor to capture the morphology of the surface before and after deposition, thereby enabling an accurate acquisition of the bead profile by integrating the laser stripes. Utilizing the proposed approach, the research investigated the forming mechanism of beads in inclined thick-walled components that were fabricated by various deposition parameters. The width of the overlapping area at the overhanging feature decreased as the layer number increased, while the height of the same area increased. The height of the overlapping area in each layer increased with an increase in deposition current and decreased when the deposition speed was increased. These phenomena suggest that the heat input is a major factor that influences the formation of the overhanging feature. Both the deposition current and deposition velocity influence heat input, and thereby have an effect in enhancing the geometrical accuracy of an overhanging feature. The experimental results indicate that the proposed approach facilitates morphology change investigation, providing a sufficient reference for optimizing deposition parameters.</p>","PeriodicalId":18508,"journal":{"name":"Micromachines","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11509428/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142503641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a Meander-Coil-Type Dual Magnetic Group Circumferential Magnetostrictive Guided Wave Transducer for Detecting Small Defects Hidden behind Support Structures.","authors":"Jinjie Zhou, Hang Zhang, Yuepeng Chen, Jitang Zhang","doi":"10.3390/mi15101261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/mi15101261","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In order to solve the problem that small defects hidden behind pipeline support parts are difficult to detect effectively in small spaces, such as offshore oil platforms, a meander-coil-type dual magnetic group circumferential magnetostrictive guided wave transducer is developed in this paper. The transducer, which consists of a coil, two sets of permanent magnets, and a magnetostrictive patch, can excite a high-frequency circumferential shear horizontal (CSH) guided wave. The energy conversion efficiency of the MPT is optimized through magnetic field simulation and experiment, and the amplitude of the defect signal is enhanced 1.9 times. The experimental results show that the MPT developed in this paper can effectively excite and receive CSH₂ mode guided waves with a center frequency of 1.6 MHz. Compared with the traditional PPM EMAT transducer, the excitation energy of the transducer is significantly enhanced, and the defects of the 2 mm round hole at the back of the support can be effectively detected.</p>","PeriodicalId":18508,"journal":{"name":"Micromachines","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11509497/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142503672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolution of Tribotronics: From Fundamental Concepts to Potential Uses.","authors":"Yue He, Jia Tian, Fangpei Li, Wenbo Peng, Yongning He","doi":"10.3390/mi15101259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/mi15101259","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The intelligent sensing network is one of the key components in the construction of the Internet of Things, and the power supply technology of sensor communication nodes needs to be solved urgently. As a new field combining tribo-potential with semiconductor devices, tribotronics, based on the contact electrification (CE) effect, realizes direct interaction between the external environment and semiconductor devices by combining triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) and field-effect transistor (FET), further expanding the application prospects of micro/nano energy. In this paper, the research progress of tribotronics is systematically reviewed. Firstly, the mechanism of the CE effect and the working principles of TENG are introduced. Secondly, the regulation theory of tribo-potential on carrier transportation in semiconductor devices and the research status of tribotronic transistors are summarized. Subsequently, the applications of tribotronics in logic circuits and memory devices, smart sensors, and artificial synapses in recent years are demonstrated. Finally, the challenges and development prospects of tribotronics in the future are projected.</p>","PeriodicalId":18508,"journal":{"name":"Micromachines","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11509801/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142503693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}