Micromachines最新文献_第3页

Synthesis, Electron Transport Behavior, and Enhanced Blue Light Stability of Polyfluorene-Poly(Methyl Methacrylate) Diblock Copolymers. 聚芴-聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯二嵌段共聚物的合成、电子传递行为和增强的蓝光稳定性

IF 3 3区工程技术

Micromachines Pub Date : 2026-04-16 DOI: 10.3390/mi17040487

Ruoyu Jiang, Changchun Liu, Jin Cheng, Kenji Ogino

{"title":"Synthesis, Electron Transport Behavior, and Enhanced Blue Light Stability of Polyfluorene-Poly(Methyl Methacrylate) Diblock Copolymers.","authors":"Ruoyu Jiang, Changchun Liu, Jin Cheng, Kenji Ogino","doi":"10.3390/mi17040487","DOIUrl":"10.3390/mi17040487","url":null,"abstract":"Poly(9,9-di-n-octylfluorene) (PFO) suffers from interchain aggregation, which degrades its blue spectral stability and charge transport. To address this, a series of rod-coil diblock copolymers (PFO-b-PMMAs) with varying poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) chain lengths were synthesized via Steglich coupling. The non-conjugated PMMA blocks act as bulky steric spacers in the solid state, effectively suppressing detrimental PFO aggregation and enhancing pure blue emission stability. Furthermore, moderate PMMA blocks (PFO-b-PMMA1 and PFO-b-PMMA2) promote favorable β-phase formation and ordered crystalline packing. This microstructural optimization yields a maximum electron mobility of 1.98 × 10-6 cm2/(V·s) for PFO-b-PMMA2, markedly higher than the PFO-2 homopolymer (4.13 × 10-7 cm2/(V·s)). However, an overlong PMMA block (PFO-b-PMMA3) introduces excessive steric hindrance (Tg = 66 °C) that disrupts crystallization, acting as an insulating barrier that reduces mobility. Thus, precisely tuning the non-conjugated block length effectively maximizes both the blue spectral stability and electron transport capabilities of PFO-based materials.","PeriodicalId":18508,"journal":{"name":"Micromachines","volume":"17 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13118313/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147816856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Design and Fabrication of High-Frequency Resonant Micro-Accelerometer Based on Piezoelectric Stiffening Effect. 基于压电加劲效应的高频谐振式微加速度计的设计与制造。

IF 3 3区工程技术

Micromachines Pub Date : 2026-04-16 DOI: 10.3390/mi17040483

Ankesh Todi, Hakhamanesh Mansoorzare, Reza Abdolvand

{"title":"Design and Fabrication of High-Frequency Resonant Micro-Accelerometer Based on Piezoelectric Stiffening Effect.","authors":"Ankesh Todi, Hakhamanesh Mansoorzare, Reza Abdolvand","doi":"10.3390/mi17040483","DOIUrl":"10.3390/mi17040483","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, a novel approach for implementing a resonant micro-accelerometer is demonstrated that may extend the operating frequency of such devices to several tens of MHz, which may enable direct wireless signal transfer. The proposed resonant accelerometer consists of a hybrid structure: a piezoelectric micro-resonator and a capacitive mass-spring (CMS) system (that are mechanically separated but electrically interconnected). The sensor utilizes the piezoelectric stiffening mechanism, which translates the acceleration-induced displacement of the capacitive mass-spring (CMS) structure into a shift in the resonance frequency of the interconnected resonator. The operating principle is elaborated upon in detail, supported by simulation and experimental results. Additionally, a novel fabrication technique is presented to realize a suspended fixed bi-layer electrode for the CMS in which a hardened layer of photoresist is utilized as a sacrificial layer. The experimental sensitivity of a fully functional device is reported to be ~6 Hz/g at 25 MHz (~0.23 ppm/g), which closely matches the simulated sensitivity of ~7 Hz/g (~0.278 ppm/g) for the fabricated capacitive gap of ~7 µm.","PeriodicalId":18508,"journal":{"name":"Micromachines","volume":"17 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13118894/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147817342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Improved Threshold Voltage Stability of p-GaN Gate HEMTs Under Off-State Drain Stress Using p-NiO RESURF Terminal. 利用p-NiO RESURF端子提高p-GaN栅极hemt在失态漏极应力下的阈值电压稳定性。

IF 3 3区工程技术

Micromachines Pub Date : 2026-04-16 DOI: 10.3390/mi17040482

Jun Pan, Xiangru Ye, Ruixi Jiang, Ailin Miao, Fuxiang Miao, Zhiyi Mao, Yanghu Peng, Hui Guo, Jianming Lei

引用次数: 0

Hybrid Carbonyl Iron/Iron Oxide Microfiber Textile Membranes with Magnetically Tunable Capacitance Under Compressive Loading. 压缩负载下具有磁可调电容的羰基铁/氧化铁杂化超纤维纺织膜。

IF 3 3区工程技术

Micromachines Pub Date : 2026-04-15 DOI: 10.3390/mi17040478

Ioan Bica, Eugen Mircea Anitas, Octavian Madalin Bunoiu, Liviu Chirigiu, Gabriel Pascu

{"title":"Hybrid Carbonyl Iron/Iron Oxide Microfiber Textile Membranes with Magnetically Tunable Capacitance Under Compressive Loading.","authors":"Ioan Bica, Eugen Mircea Anitas, Octavian Madalin Bunoiu, Liviu Chirigiu, Gabriel Pascu","doi":"10.3390/mi17040478","DOIUrl":"10.3390/mi17040478","url":null,"abstract":"Flexible textile membranes were prepared by impregnating woven cotton fabrics with silicone oil (SO)-based suspensions containing carbonyl iron (CI) microparticles and iron oxide microfibers (μFe). The microfibers were obtained by a microwave-assisted microplasma process and then co-dispersed with CI in SO. In the final membranes, the CI content was kept constant at ΦCI=10 vol.%, whereas the microfiber fraction was 0, 10 and 20 vol.%. The resulting membranes were used as dielectric layers in planar capacitors and examined at 1 kHz under a static magnetic field of up to 150 mT and compressive pressure up to 10 kPa. In every composition, the capacitance rose with increasing magnetic flux density, but both the zero-field capacitance and the field-induced capacitance change became smaller as the microfiber content increased. A monotonic, nearly linear increase in capacitance was also observed under compression over the tested pressure range. Within a simplified parallel-plate and magnetic-stress analysis, the capacitance data were further used to estimate the apparent relative permittivity, together with capacitance-derived indicators of deformation and stiffness. These estimates suggest field-induced stiffening of the membranes and a higher apparent low-field stiffness at higher microfiber loading. The obtained hybrid CI/μFe-based textile membranes can serve as composition-tunable dielectric layers whose electrical response is influenced by both magnetic field and compressive loading, making them relevant for flexible capacitor-based elements.","PeriodicalId":18508,"journal":{"name":"Micromachines","volume":"17 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13118629/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147817030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Gradient-Field-Based Force-Driven Control of a Mudskipper-Inspired Magnetic Microrobot for Intestinal Applications. 基于梯度场的肠用磁微型弹涂机器人力驱动控制。

IF 3 3区工程技术

Micromachines Pub Date : 2026-04-15 DOI: 10.3390/mi17040476

Yijie Du, Huiting Xie, Wenqi Zhang, Yuting Mao, Gongxin Li

{"title":"Gradient-Field-Based Force-Driven Control of a Mudskipper-Inspired Magnetic Microrobot for Intestinal Applications.","authors":"Yijie Du, Huiting Xie, Wenqi Zhang, Yuting Mao, Gongxin Li","doi":"10.3390/mi17040476","DOIUrl":"10.3390/mi17040476","url":null,"abstract":"Magnetically driven microrobots operating in intestinal environments face two major challenges: difficulty in traversing low-height confined spaces and limited local visibility caused by mucosal obstruction. To address these issues, this study proposes a gradient-field-based force-driven control method for a mudskipper-inspired magnetic microrobot. By establishing the mapping among coil current, magnetic field, and magnetic force at the robot working point, and by solving the control input through singular value decomposition and linear programming, effective magnetic-force output along a desired direction was achieved. On this basis, two representative force-driven motions were designed. The first was a translational mode based on pulsed magnetic-force actuation for stable navigation in low-height confined spaces. The second was a lifting mode based on continuous loading and gradual adjustment of the magnetic-force upper bound to locally lift a flexible \"mucosa-like\" membrane, thereby simulating intestinal mucosal elevation and local visual field expansion. Experimental results showed that the robot could stably pass through narrow tunnels and effectively lift an overlying flexible membrane under vertical magnetic-force actuation. The proposed method extends both the locomotion capability and the local interaction capability of the mudskipper-inspired magnetic microrobot, and demonstrates a feasible proof-of-concept approach for confined-space navigation and localized manipulation in intestinal applications.","PeriodicalId":18508,"journal":{"name":"Micromachines","volume":"17 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13117987/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147817034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An Electrohydrodynamic Phase-Field Model for Contact Angle Hysteresis in Electrowetting Pixels: Decoupling Physical Pinning and Charge Trapping. 电润湿像素接触角滞后的电流体相场模型：解耦、物理钉钉和电荷俘获。

IF 3 3区工程技术

Micromachines Pub Date : 2026-04-15 DOI: 10.3390/mi17040480

Qingsong Lu, Li Wang, Feng Li, Yanjun Yang, Qifu Liu, Xinying Wang, Feng Chi, Liming Liu, Zichuan Yi

{"title":"An Electrohydrodynamic Phase-Field Model for Contact Angle Hysteresis in Electrowetting Pixels: Decoupling Physical Pinning and Charge Trapping.","authors":"Qingsong Lu, Li Wang, Feng Li, Yanjun Yang, Qifu Liu, Xinying Wang, Feng Chi, Liming Liu, Zichuan Yi","doi":"10.3390/mi17040480","DOIUrl":"10.3390/mi17040480","url":null,"abstract":"Precise manipulation of two-phase flow in micro-confined electrowetting pixels is limited by contact angle hysteresis (CAH). To elucidate this non-equilibrium process, we establish a high-fidelity electrohydrodynamic (EHD) phase-field simulation framework. The model rigorously couples Navier-Stokes equations with molecular kinetic theory (MKT) to characterize energy dissipation at the three-phase contact line (TCL) and further integrates charge transport kinetics. Numerical results reveal CAH is driven by physical pinning and interfacial charge trapping, with the latter dominating interfacial retreat and causing significant residual displacement. Furthermore, analysis shows alternating current (AC) waveforms mitigate charge accumulation and promote depinning via micro-oscillations, minimizing the hysteresis loop compared to direct current (DC) waveforms. Additionally, an overdrive strategy utilizing a suprathreshold Maxwell stress pulse rapidly overcomes static friction. This strategy significantly improves transient dynamics, substantially reducing the time to reach 90% of the steady-state target from 19.6 ms (under standard DC waveform driving) to 7.4 ms. This work provides a comprehensive theoretical basis and design criteria for optimizing active driving strategies in optofluidic and digital microfluidic systems.","PeriodicalId":18508,"journal":{"name":"Micromachines","volume":"17 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13119004/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147817313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Multiscale Analysis of Size-Dependent Vibration of Graphene Nanoelectromechanical Resonators. 石墨烯纳米机电谐振器尺寸相关振动的多尺度分析。

IF 3 3区工程技术

Micromachines Pub Date : 2026-04-15 DOI: 10.3390/mi17040477

Wenhua Li, Wenchao Tian

{"title":"Multiscale Analysis of Size-Dependent Vibration of Graphene Nanoelectromechanical Resonators.","authors":"Wenhua Li, Wenchao Tian","doi":"10.3390/mi17040477","DOIUrl":"10.3390/mi17040477","url":null,"abstract":"The size-dependent out-of-plane vibrational behavior of graphene-based nanoelectromechanical (NEMS) resonators is investigated using a molecular mechanics (MM) finite element approach. Each carbon-carbon (C-C) bond is modeled as an Euler-Bernoulli beam element, with the bending stiffness derived from the bond-angle potential, yielding an equivalent plate flexural rigidity D = (√3/6) kθ. The natural frequencies of the first four vibration modes are computed for square graphene sheets of increasing size with both zigzag (ZZ) and armchair (AC) chirality configurations under simply supported boundary conditions on all four edges. A chirality-induced frequency deviation δ(L) is defined to quantify the difference between ZZ and AC results, and a threshold size L* is identified as the sheet size at which δ falls below 1%. For mode 1, the threshold is L* = 18.5 nm; the values increase monotonically to 24.5 nm, 28.0 nm, and 31.5 nm for modes 2 through 4, indicating that higher modes require larger sheet dimensions before continuum plate theory becomes reliable. A dimensionless frequency parameter Ω = fMM/fCT is introduced to directly compare MM predictions with the Kirchhoff plate theory analytical solution, and the AC frequency ratio Ω = fMM/fCT is shown to converge toward unity with increasing sheet size. The present results provide quantitative design guidelines for graphene NEMS resonators and establish the minimum device dimensions for which isotropic continuum models yield accurate dynamic predictions.","PeriodicalId":18508,"journal":{"name":"Micromachines","volume":"17 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13117955/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147817304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Study on the Material Removal Mechanism of FGH99 by Laser-Induced Microjet Assisted Ablation at Different Incidence Angles. 不同入射角激光诱导微射流辅助烧蚀FGH99材料去除机理研究。

IF 3 3区工程技术

Micromachines Pub Date : 2026-04-15 DOI: 10.3390/mi17040475

Yixin Duan, Zhen Zhang, Zefei Zhu, Jing Ni

{"title":"Study on the Material Removal Mechanism of FGH99 by Laser-Induced Microjet Assisted Ablation at Different Incidence Angles.","authors":"Yixin Duan, Zhen Zhang, Zefei Zhu, Jing Ni","doi":"10.3390/mi17040475","DOIUrl":"10.3390/mi17040475","url":null,"abstract":"Laser-induced microjet-assisted ablation is an emerging technology in the field of laser processing. However, the influence of solid boundaries on jet behavior and the associated material removal mechanism remains unclear after observing and analyzing the ablation process. To address this, the present study systematically investigates the effect of the incidence angle on the processing efficiency and material removal mechanism in laser-induced microjet ablation. By controlling the laser power and liquid layer thickness, the dynamic behavior of the microjet, material removal performance, and surface morphology evolution under different inclination angles were explored. Based on video analysis and OpenCV processing, the regulation of jet morphology and impact mode by the incidence angle was revealed. Combined with white light interferometry and ultra-depth-of-field three-dimensional microscopy, the ablation depth and material removal rate were quantitatively characterized. The results showed that under normal incidence, the maximum material removal rate of 0.092 mm3/s was achieved at 9 W, while further increases in power led to a decrease in removal rate due to bubble aggregation. When the sample was tilted to 15°, the material removal rate reached 0.163 mm3/s, representing a 106.30% improvement compared to that at 0°, and the ablation depth also peaked with an average maximum depth of 12.32 ± 0.58 μm and a single-point maximum of 54.36 μm. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) were employed to elucidate the microstructural features and elemental distribution under different process parameters. Through multi-parameter experiments, this study achieved process parameter optimization and clarified the material removal mechanism influenced by different incidence angles, providing both a process reference and theoretical basis for efficient micro-machining of aerospace materials.","PeriodicalId":18508,"journal":{"name":"Micromachines","volume":"17 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13118693/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147816802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Quantum Dot Solar Cells: Background, Progress, and Perspective. 量子点太阳能电池：背景、进展与展望。

IF 3 3区工程技术

Micromachines Pub Date : 2026-04-15 DOI: 10.3390/mi17040474

Kumar Neupane, Jeff Kabel, Join Uddin, Raksha Dubey, Rojina Ojha, Dongyan Zhang, Yoke Khin Yap

引用次数: 0

Genetic Algorithm-Optimized Volume Holographic Gratings in Ultra-Thin MiniLED Modules. 遗传算法优化的超薄微细模组体全息光栅。

IF 3 3区工程技术

Micromachines Pub Date : 2026-04-15 DOI: 10.3390/mi17040479

Zechao Shen, Yue Zhang, Guoqiang Lv, Zi Wang, Qibin Feng

{"title":"Genetic Algorithm-Optimized Volume Holographic Gratings in Ultra-Thin MiniLED Modules.","authors":"Zechao Shen, Yue Zhang, Guoqiang Lv, Zi Wang, Qibin Feng","doi":"10.3390/mi17040479","DOIUrl":"10.3390/mi17040479","url":null,"abstract":"The design of volume holographic gratings (VHGs) is traditionally based on monochromatic plane waves. However, practical applications often involve light sources with broad wavelength bandwidths and certain emission areas, such as LEDs and MiniLEDs, which cause significant Bragg mismatch and degrade diffraction efficiency. To address this fundamental challenge, this paper proposes a novel, to the best of our knowledge, genetic algorithm (GA)-based optimization method for VHG design. A ray-tracing analysis model that fully incorporates the spectral and spatial characteristics of extended broadband sources is established. The GA optimizes the grating fabrication angles by minimizing a fitness function defined as the residual energy after diffraction, thereby achieving optimal performance under non-ideal illumination conditions. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated through a case study: suppressing the high-intensity central beam in an ultra-thin MiniLED backlight module (BLM). Simulation and experimental results show that the GA-optimized VHG significantly reduces the peak irradiance from 5.01 W/cm2 to 4.14 W/cm2 at an optical distance (OD) of 0.5 mm. This work provides a robust and source-adaptive design methodology for VHGs, with potential applications extending beyond backlighting to areas such as augmented reality, holographic displays, and optical communications.","PeriodicalId":18508,"journal":{"name":"Micromachines","volume":"17 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13118122/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147817047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0