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Advances in Experimentation and Numerical Modeling of Aluminum and Copper Ultrasonic Welding.

IF 3 3区工程技术

Micromachines Pub Date : 2025-02-26 DOI: 10.3390/mi16030263

Zhe Li, Shiying Wu, Huan Li

{"title":"Advances in Experimentation and Numerical Modeling of Aluminum and Copper Ultrasonic Welding.","authors":"Zhe Li, Shiying Wu, Huan Li","doi":"10.3390/mi16030263","DOIUrl":"10.3390/mi16030263","url":null,"abstract":"Ultrasonic welding is characterized by its energy-saving and environmentally friendly nature. Compared to conventional molten welding technology, the intermetallic compounds formed by diffusion during ultrasonic welding are thinner, and material deformation is reduced. This process has become a primary welding technique for assembling lithium batteries in electric vehicles. Aluminum and copper ultrasonic welding has increasingly gained attention as a research hotspot. The research on aluminum and copper ultrasonic welding primarily focuses on the interfacial microstructure evolution, mechanical performance during the welding process, and numerical simulations to investigate macro- and micro-scale physical phenomena. Given the aluminum and copper multi-layer structures used in lithium battery packaging, numerous studies have been conducted on aluminum and copper multi-layer ultrasonic welding. For Al/Cu joints, advancements in understanding the microstructure evolution, joint performance, and finite element modeling of the welding process have been systematically reviewed and summarized. Moreover, significant progress has been made in molecular dynamics simulations of Al/Cu ultrasonic welding and hybrid welding techniques based on Al/Cu ultrasonic welding. Finally, several new research directions for Al/Cu ultrasonic welding and joining have been proposed to guide further in-depth studies.","PeriodicalId":18508,"journal":{"name":"Micromachines","volume":"16 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11946633/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143719940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Collaborative Heterogeneous Mini-Robotic 3D Printer for Manufacturing Complex Food Structures with Multiple Inks and Curved Deposition Surfaces.

IF 3 3区工程技术

Micromachines Pub Date : 2025-02-26 DOI: 10.3390/mi16030264

Karen Jazmin Mendoza-Bautista, Mariana S Flores-Jimenez, Laisha Daniela Vázquez Tejeda Serrano, Grissel Trujillo de Santiago, Mario Moises Alvarez, Arturo Molina, Mariel Alfaro-Ponce, Isaac Chairez

{"title":"Collaborative Heterogeneous Mini-Robotic 3D Printer for Manufacturing Complex Food Structures with Multiple Inks and Curved Deposition Surfaces.","authors":"Karen Jazmin Mendoza-Bautista, Mariana S Flores-Jimenez, Laisha Daniela Vázquez Tejeda Serrano, Grissel Trujillo de Santiago, Mario Moises Alvarez, Arturo Molina, Mariel Alfaro-Ponce, Isaac Chairez","doi":"10.3390/mi16030264","DOIUrl":"10.3390/mi16030264","url":null,"abstract":"The necessity of developing more realistic artificial food requires the aggregation of different biomaterials in an ordered and controlled manner. One of the most advanced methods for this is food printers reproducing additive manufacturing processes. This study presents a fully automatized 3D food printer leveraging collaborative Cartesian and multi-ink robotic systems to create complex food structures, with materials with different rheological settings using a screw conveyor configuration with controlled motion velocity. The developed food printer followed a formal mechatronic design strategy with fully functional instrumentation and automation systems. An adaptive controller was developed and implemented to regulate the coordinated operation of booth robotic devices, which are enforced by the G-code corresponding to the target food structure, leading to the necessary resolution. This device was tested with different commercial food inks to develop structures with complex shapes. The workability of the developed printer was confirmed by examining the food samples obtained using multiple materials, including creating different three-dimensional structures of a single complex food ink and creating simple structures made of different food inks with diverse structures that could yield a synthetic tissue that reproduces synthetic meat.","PeriodicalId":18508,"journal":{"name":"Micromachines","volume":"16 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11944356/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143720210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Defect Detection Algorithm for Optoelectronic Detectors Utilizing GLV-YOLO.

IF 3 3区工程技术

Micromachines Pub Date : 2025-02-26 DOI: 10.3390/mi16030267

Xinfang Zhao, Qinghua Lyu, Hui Zeng, Zhuoyi Ling, Zhongsheng Zhai, Hui Lyu, Saffa Riffat, Benyuan Chen, Wanting Wang

{"title":"A Defect Detection Algorithm for Optoelectronic Detectors Utilizing GLV-YOLO.","authors":"Xinfang Zhao, Qinghua Lyu, Hui Zeng, Zhuoyi Ling, Zhongsheng Zhai, Hui Lyu, Saffa Riffat, Benyuan Chen, Wanting Wang","doi":"10.3390/mi16030267","DOIUrl":"10.3390/mi16030267","url":null,"abstract":"Photodetectors are indispensable in a multitude of applications, with the detection of surface defects serving as a cornerstone for their production and advancement. To meet the demands of real-time and accurate defect detection, this paper introduces an optimization algorithm based on the GLV-YOLO model tailored for photodetector defect detection in manufacturing settings. The algorithm achieves a reduction in the model complexity and parameter count by incorporating the GhostC3_MSF module. Additionally, it enhances feature extraction capabilities with the integration of the LSKNet_3 attention mechanism. Furthermore, it improves generalization performance through the utilization of the WIoU loss function, which minimizes geometric penalties. The experimental results showed that the proposed algorithm achieved 98.9% accuracy, with 2.1 million parameters and a computational cost of 7.0 GFLOPs. Compared to other methods, our approach outperforms them in both performance and efficiency, fulfilling the real-time and precise defect detection needs of photodetectors.","PeriodicalId":18508,"journal":{"name":"Micromachines","volume":"16 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11946706/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143720167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Method for In Situ On-Wafer Tensile Test of Thin Films.

IF 3 3区工程技术

Micromachines Pub Date : 2025-02-26 DOI: 10.3390/mi16030262

Xufeng Wang, Jiakang Li, Yi Chen, Jiawei Zhou, Leijian Cheng, Dacheng Zhang

引用次数: 0

Surface Characteristics and Fatigue Resistance of Ultrasonic Rolling-Treated 20Cr1Mo1V1A Valve Stem.

IF 3 3区工程技术

Micromachines Pub Date : 2025-02-26 DOI: 10.3390/mi16030265

Shuailing Lan, Fan Chen, Wenbo Bie, Meng Qi, Zhiyuan Zhang

引用次数: 0

High Efficiency Dual-Band Dual-Circularly Polarized Transmitarray Antenna.

IF 3 3区工程技术

Micromachines Pub Date : 2025-02-26 DOI: 10.3390/mi16030260

Tianling Zhang, Boxiang Yang, Jiayin Guo, Yuanjun Shen, Liangqin Luo, Lei Chen

{"title":"High Efficiency Dual-Band Dual-Circularly Polarized Transmitarray Antenna.","authors":"Tianling Zhang, Boxiang Yang, Jiayin Guo, Yuanjun Shen, Liangqin Luo, Lei Chen","doi":"10.3390/mi16030260","DOIUrl":"10.3390/mi16030260","url":null,"abstract":"A dual-band dual-circularly polarized transmitarray antenna (TA) operating in the 28/39 GHz millimeter-wave band is proposed in this article. The TA unit consists of two parts: a broadband linearly polarized (LP) receiving part and a dual-band dual-circularly polarized transmitting part. An over-2-bit phase compensation is achieved by changing the size of the U-shaped slot and the rotation status of the receiving part. A 24 × 24 TA model with an aperture size of 88.8 mm × 88.8 mm is built up by using the proposed units and fed by a wide-band corrugated horn antenna. The simulated results show that the maximum gain of the dual-band dual-circularly polarized TA is 26.28 dBic within the low-band (26.5-29.5 GHz) and 27.4 dBic within the high-band (37-40 GHz). To verify the accuracy of the simulation, a prototype of the proposed TA is fabricated and measured. The measured maximum efficiencies are 53.56% and 42.89% in low and high bands, respectively. The proposed TA covers two bands (28/39 GHz) for fifth generation (5G) millimeter-wave applications. Moreover, it features low cost, high gain, and high efficiency.","PeriodicalId":18508,"journal":{"name":"Micromachines","volume":"16 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11944097/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143720287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Modeling and Implementation of Synchronization for Large-Aperture Electromagnetic MEMS Mirrors.

IF 3 3区工程技术

Micromachines Pub Date : 2025-02-26 DOI: 10.3390/mi16030268

Fahu Xu, Lingxiao Zhao

引用次数: 0

Milling Chatter Control in Low Immersion Condition with an Active Electromagnetic Tool Holder System.

IF 3 3区工程技术

Micromachines Pub Date : 2025-02-25 DOI: 10.3390/mi16030257

Chen Wang, Haifeng Ma, Jie Chen, Zhen Zhang, Qinghua Song, Zhanqiang Liu

{"title":"Milling Chatter Control in Low Immersion Condition with an Active Electromagnetic Tool Holder System.","authors":"Chen Wang, Haifeng Ma, Jie Chen, Zhen Zhang, Qinghua Song, Zhanqiang Liu","doi":"10.3390/mi16030257","DOIUrl":"10.3390/mi16030257","url":null,"abstract":"Chatter commonly emerges during milling procedures, resulting in an array of problems such as defective workpiece surface and diminished machining efficiency. To control chatter, an active electromagnetic tool holder system is proposed, including the active structure with an electromagnetic actuator installed at the tool holder position and a time-delay output feedback chatter control method for low immersion milling. More specifically, a noncontact two-degree-of-freedom active magnetic bearing (AMB) actuator is developed and integrated with displacement sensors at the tool holder position, making the actuator and sensors closer to the cutting point. Under low immersion milling conditions, both the thin-walled workpieces and tool flexibility are considered in the controller design, as well as practical physical limitations including the bandwidth of the power amplifier and the output current constraints of the actuator. Numerical simulation and experiments under low immersion milling conditions are carried out. The results demonstrate that the proposed active electromagnetic tool holder system exhibits good control consequences on the chatter of thin-walled workpieces and tools under low immersion milling.","PeriodicalId":18508,"journal":{"name":"Micromachines","volume":"16 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11944060/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143720289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Electrospun Polycaprolactone (PCL) Nanofibers Induce Elongation and Alignment of Co-Cultured Primary Cortical Astrocytes and Neurons.

IF 3 3区工程技术

Micromachines Pub Date : 2025-02-25 DOI: 10.3390/mi16030256

Kayleigh Nutt, Zoe Dombros-Ryan, Ruxandra Birea, Emily Victoria Franks, Sarah Eastham, Morgan Godwin, Chris F Adams, Divya Maitreyi Chari, Stuart Iain Jenkins

{"title":"Electrospun Polycaprolactone (PCL) Nanofibers Induce Elongation and Alignment of Co-Cultured Primary Cortical Astrocytes and Neurons.","authors":"Kayleigh Nutt, Zoe Dombros-Ryan, Ruxandra Birea, Emily Victoria Franks, Sarah Eastham, Morgan Godwin, Chris F Adams, Divya Maitreyi Chari, Stuart Iain Jenkins","doi":"10.3390/mi16030256","DOIUrl":"10.3390/mi16030256","url":null,"abstract":"Neuromimetic in vitro models, simulating in vivo architecture/organization, are urgently needed to reduce experimental reliance on live animals. Our group recently reported a novel brain tissue derivation protocol, simultaneously deriving all major cortical cell types (including immune cells) in a facile protocol, generating a network of neurons in a single growth medium, which was interfaced with nanomaterials. This represents a significant advance, as tissue engineers overwhelmingly use diverse methods to derive and combine individual brain cells for materials-interfacing. However, this multicellular model lacked cellular directionality/structural organization (unlike the highly organized cortical circuits in vivo). Synthetic nanofiber constructs are of high value in tissue engineering, providing directional cues for cells. Most neuro-nanofiber studies employ simple monocultures of astrocytes/neurons and commonly use peripheral neurons rather than central nervous system populations. Here, we have interfaced our complex brain model (neurons/astrocytes derived simultaneously) with randomly oriented or aligned polycaprolactone (PCL) fiber meshes. Both cell types showed targeted extension along aligned fibers versus coverslips or random fibers. A new analysis method developed in-house demonstrated that peak orientations for astrocytes and neurons correlated with aligned nanofibers. Our data support the concept that nanofiber scaffolds can achieve organized growth of mixed cortical neural cell populations, mimicking neural architecture.","PeriodicalId":18508,"journal":{"name":"Micromachines","volume":"16 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11946388/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143720277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mechanical Stimulation of Red Blood Cells Aging: Focusing on the Microfluidics Application.

IF 3 3区工程技术

Micromachines Pub Date : 2025-02-25 DOI: 10.3390/mi16030259

Alexander Gural, Ivana Pajić-Lijaković, Gregory Barshtein

引用次数: 0