IF 2.5 3区工程技术

Micron Pub Date : 2024-07-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2024.103688

Max Leo Leidl , Benedikt Diederichs , Carsten Sachse , Knut Müller-Caspary

{"title":"Influence of loss function and electron dose on ptychography of 2D materials using the Wirtinger flow","authors":"Max Leo Leidl , Benedikt Diederichs , Carsten Sachse , Knut Müller-Caspary","doi":"10.1016/j.micron.2024.103688","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micron.2024.103688","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Iterative phase retrieval is based on minimising a loss function as a measure of the consistency of an initial guess and underlying experimental data. Under ideal experimental conditions, real data contains Poissonian noise due to counting statistics. In this work, we use the Wirtinger Flow concept in combination with four common loss functions, being the <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>L</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> loss, the mean-squared error (MSE), the amplitude loss and the Poisson loss. Since only the latter reflects the counting statistics as an asymmetric Poisson distribution correctly, our simulation study focuses on two main cases. Firstly, high-dose momentum-resolved scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) of an MoS<sub>2</sub> monolayer is considered for phase retrieval. In this case, it is found that the four losses perform differently with respect to chemical sensitivity and frequency transfer, which we interprete in terms of the substantially different signal level in the bright and dark field part of diffraction patterns. Remedies are discussed using further simulations, addressing the use of virtual ring detectors for the dark field, or restricting loss calculation to the bright field. Secondly, a dose series is presented down to 100 electrons per diffraction pattern. It is found that all losses yield qualitatively reasonable structural data in the phase, whereas only MSE and Poisson loss range at the correct amplitude level. Chemical contrast is, in general, reliably obtained using the Poisson concept, which also provides the most continuous spatial frequency transfer as to the reconstructed object transmission function.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18501,"journal":{"name":"Micron","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0968432824001057/pdfft?md5=7092d16b4b135a202c8d0c20480d3752&pid=1-s2.0-S0968432824001057-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141585973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Serotonergic elements in the nervous system of parasite of acipenserid fishes, Acrolichanus auriculatus (Digenea: Allocreadiidae) 金目鲷鱼寄生虫 Acrolichanus auriculatus（Digenea: Allocreadiidae）神经系统中的血清素能元素

IF 2.5 3区工程技术

Micron Pub Date : 2024-07-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2024.103690

Nadezhda B. Terenina , Natalia D. Kreshchenko , Sergey O. Movsesyan

{"title":"Serotonergic elements in the nervous system of parasite of acipenserid fishes, Acrolichanus auriculatus (Digenea: Allocreadiidae)","authors":"Nadezhda B. Terenina , Natalia D. Kreshchenko , Sergey O. Movsesyan","doi":"10.1016/j.micron.2024.103690","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micron.2024.103690","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The trematode <em>Acrolichanus auriculatus</em> is a widely distributed intestine parasite of acipenserid fishes. For the first time the localization and distribution of the serotonergic nerve elements in <em>A. auriculatus</em> was studied using immunocytochemical method and confocal laser scanning microscopy. The study revealed the presence of biogenic amine, serotonin, in the central and peripheral nervous systems of <em>A. auriculatus</em>, that is in the neurons and neurites of the brain ganglia, brain commissure, the longitudinal nerve cords, and the connective nerve commissures. The innervation of the attachment organs, pharynx, oesophagus and distal regions of the reproductive system by the serotonergic nerve elements is observed. The distribution of serotonergic neurons in <em>A. auriculatus</em> is schematically marked. The comparative analysis of findings obtained in <em>A. auriculatus</em> with those recorded for other digeneans reveals the presence of both conservative and distinctive features in the organization of the serotonergic nervous system in various representatives of trematodes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18501,"journal":{"name":"Micron","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141585920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Real space method for HAADF image simulation 用于 HAADF 图像模拟的实空间方法。

IF 2.5 3区工程技术

Micron Pub Date : 2024-07-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2024.103686

Lufei Qin , Pucheng Yang , Qianqian Jin , Chuanlong Yang , Jinpeng Zhang , Yi Yang

引用次数: 0

Experimental evidence of magnetism in a 2D electron gas at the CoO/Co3O4 interface by employing EMCD 利用 EMCD 在 CoO/Co3O4 界面的二维电子气体中发现磁性的实验证据

IF 2.5 3区工程技术

Micron Pub Date : 2024-07-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2024.103687

引用次数: 0

Moiré fringe imaging of heterostructures by scanning transmission electron microscopy 利用扫描透射电子显微镜对异质结构进行摩尔条纹成像。

IF 2.5 3区工程技术

Micron Pub Date : 2024-06-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2024.103679

Wen-Tao Hu , Min Tian , Yu-Jia Wang , Yin-Lian Zhu

{"title":"Moiré fringe imaging of heterostructures by scanning transmission electron microscopy","authors":"Wen-Tao Hu , Min Tian , Yu-Jia Wang , Yin-Lian Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.micron.2024.103679","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micron.2024.103679","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A heterostructured crystalline bilayer specimen is known to produce moiré fringes (MFs) in the conventional transmission electron microscopy (TEM). However, the understanding of how these patterns form in scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) remains limited. Here, we extended the double-scattering model to establish the imaging theory of MFs in STEM for a bilayer sample and applied this theory to successfully explain both experimental and simulated STEM images of a perovskite PbZrO<sub>3</sub>/SrTiO<sub>3</sub> system. Our findings demonstrated that the wave vectors of electrons exiting from Layer-1 and their relative positions with the atomic columns of Layer-2 should be taken into account. The atomic column misalignment leads to a faster reduction in the intensity of the secondary scattering beam compared to the single scattering beam as the scattering angle increases. Consequently, the intensity distribution of MFs in the bright field (BF)-STEM can be still described as the product of two single atomic images. However, in high angle annular dark field (HAADF)-STEM, it is approximately described as the superposition of the two images. Our work not only fills a knowledge gap of MFs in incoherent imaging, but also emphasizes the importance of the coherent scattering restricted by the real space when analyzing the HAADF-STEM imaging.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18501,"journal":{"name":"Micron","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141457974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Recent progresses in transmission electron microscopy studies of two-dimensional ferroelectrics 二维铁电透射电子显微镜研究的最新进展。

IF 2.5 3区工程技术

Micron Pub Date : 2024-06-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2024.103678

Chi Shing Tsang , Xiaodong Zheng , Thuc Hue Ly , Jiong Zhao

{"title":"Recent progresses in transmission electron microscopy studies of two-dimensional ferroelectrics","authors":"Chi Shing Tsang , Xiaodong Zheng , Thuc Hue Ly , Jiong Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.micron.2024.103678","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micron.2024.103678","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The rich potential of two-dimensional materials endows them with superior properties suitable for a wide range of applications, thereby attracting substantial interest across various fields. The ongoing trend towards device miniaturization aligns with the development of materials at progressively smaller scales, aiming to achieve higher integration density in electronics. In the realm of nano-scaling ferroelectric phenomena, numerous new two-dimensional ferroelectric materials have been predicted theoretically and subsequently validated through experimental confirmation. However, the capabilities of conventional tools, such as electrical measurements, are limited in providing a comprehensive investigation into the intrinsic origins of ferroelectricity and its interactions with structural factors. These factors include stacking, doping, functionalization, and defects. Consequently, the progress of potential applications, such as high-density memory devices, energy conversion systems, sensing technologies, catalysis, and more, is impeded. In this paper, we present a review of recent research that employs advanced transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques for the direct visualization and analysis of ferroelectric domains, domain walls, and other crucial features at the atomic level within two-dimensional materials. We discuss the essential interplay between structural characteristics and ferroelectric properties on the nanoscale, which facilitates understanding of the complex relationships governing their behavior. By doing so, we aim to pave the way for future innovative applications in this field.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18501,"journal":{"name":"Micron","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141469368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

In-situ imaging of heat-induced phase transition in a two-dimensional conjugated metal-organic framework 二维共轭金属有机框架中热诱导相变的原位成像

IF 2.4 3区工程技术

Micron Pub Date : 2024-06-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2024.103677

David Mücke , Baokun Liang , Zhiyong Wang , Haoyuan Qi , Renhao Dong , Xinliang Feng , Ute Kaiser

{"title":"In-situ imaging of heat-induced phase transition in a two-dimensional conjugated metal-organic framework","authors":"David Mücke , Baokun Liang , Zhiyong Wang , Haoyuan Qi , Renhao Dong , Xinliang Feng , Ute Kaiser","doi":"10.1016/j.micron.2024.103677","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micron.2024.103677","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Atomically-resolved in-situ high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) imaging of the structural dynamics in organic materials remains a major challenge. This difficulty persists even with aberration-corrected instruments, as HRTEM images necessitate a high electron dose that is generally intolerable for organic materials. In this study, we report the in-situ HRTEM imaging of heat-induced structural dynamics in a benzenehexathiol-based two-dimensional conjugated metal-organic framework (2D c-MOF, i.e., Cu<sub>3</sub>(BHT)). Leveraging its hydrogen-free structure and high electrical conductivity, Cu<sub>3</sub>(BHT) exhibits high electron beam resistance. We demonstrate atomic resolution imaging at an 80 kV electron accelerating voltage using our Cc/Cs-corrected <em>SALVE</em> instrument. However, continuous electron irradiation eventually leads to its amorphization. Intriguingly, under heating in a MEMS holder, the Cu<sub>3</sub>(BHT) undergoes a phase transition to a new crystalline phase and its phase transition, occurring within the temperature range of 480 °C to 620 °C in dependence on the electron beam illumination. Using HRTEM and energy-dispersive X-ray mapping, we identify this new phase as CuS. Our findings provide insights into the mechanisms governing structural transitions in purposefully engineered structures, potentially pivotal for future endeavours involving the production of metal oxide/sulfide nanoparticles from MOF precursors.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18501,"journal":{"name":"Micron","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0968432824000945/pdfft?md5=e21c7ead945c7450bffb447afef29367&pid=1-s2.0-S0968432824000945-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141325800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Single atoms and metal nanoclusters anchored to graphene vacancies 锚定在石墨烯空位上的单原子和金属纳米团簇

IF 2.4 3区工程技术

Micron Pub Date : 2024-06-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2024.103667

Alberto Trentino , Georg Zagler , Manuel Längle , Jacob Madsen , Toma Susi , Clemens Mangler , E. Harriet Åhlgren , Kimmo Mustonen , Jani Kotakoski

{"title":"Single atoms and metal nanoclusters anchored to graphene vacancies","authors":"Alberto Trentino , Georg Zagler , Manuel Längle , Jacob Madsen , Toma Susi , Clemens Mangler , E. Harriet Åhlgren , Kimmo Mustonen , Jani Kotakoski","doi":"10.1016/j.micron.2024.103667","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micron.2024.103667","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Fabricating dispersed single atoms and size-controlled metal nanoclusters remains a difficult challenge due to sintering. Here, we demonstrate that atoms and clusters can be immobilized using atomically clean defect-engineered graphene as the matrix. The graphene is first cleaned of surface contamination with laser heating, after which low-energy Ar irradiation is used to create spatially well-separated vacancies into it. Metal atoms are then evaporated either via thermal or ebeam evaporation onto graphene, where they diffuse until being trapped into a vacancy. The density of embedded structures can be controlled through irradiation dose, and the size of the structures through evaporation time. The resulting structures are confirmed through atomic-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy. We demonstrate here incorporation of Al, Ti, Fe, Ag and Au single atoms or nanoclusters, but the method should work equally well for other elements.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18501,"journal":{"name":"Micron","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0968432824000842/pdfft?md5=ed425660418c00ba7bf37a19b63d943b&pid=1-s2.0-S0968432824000842-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141277224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Temperature-dependence of beam-driven dynamics in graphene-fullerene sandwiches 石墨烯-富勒烯夹层中光束驱动动力学的温度依赖性

IF 2.4 3区工程技术

Micron Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2024.103666

Kevin R. Strobel , Michael Schlegel , Mitisha Jain , Silvan Kretschmer , Arkady V. Krasheninnikov , Jannik C. Meyer

{"title":"Temperature-dependence of beam-driven dynamics in graphene-fullerene sandwiches","authors":"Kevin R. Strobel , Michael Schlegel , Mitisha Jain , Silvan Kretschmer , Arkady V. Krasheninnikov , Jannik C. Meyer","doi":"10.1016/j.micron.2024.103666","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micron.2024.103666","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>C<sub>60</sub> fullerenes encapsulated between graphene sheets were investigated by aberration-corrected high-resolution transmission electron microscopy at different temperatures, namely about 93 K, 293 K and 733 K, and by molecular dynamics simulations. We studied beam-induced dynamics of the C<sub>60</sub> fullerenes and the encapsulating graphene, measured the critical doses for the initial damage to the fullerenes and followed the beam-induced polymerization. We find that, while the doses for the initial damage do not strongly depend on temperature, the clusters formed by the subsequent polymerization are more tubular at lower temperatures, while sheet-like structures are generated at higher temperatures. The experimental findings are supported by the results of first-principles and analytical potential molecular dynamics simulations. The merging of curved carbon sheets is clearly promoted at higher temperatures and proceeds at once over few-nm segments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18501,"journal":{"name":"Micron","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0968432824000830/pdfft?md5=9999fd3ce3abd2acbfeacc904675fdae&pid=1-s2.0-S0968432824000830-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141275988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A study of criteria for grading follicular lymphoma using a cell type classifier from pathology images based on complementary-label learning 基于互补标签学习的病理图像细胞类型分类器对滤泡淋巴瘤分级标准的研究

IF 2.4 3区工程技术

Micron Pub Date : 2024-05-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2024.103663

Ryoichi Koga , Shingo Koide , Hiromu Tanaka , Kei Taguchi , Mauricio Kugler , Tatsuya Yokota , Koichi Ohshima , Hiroaki Miyoshi , Miharu Nagaishi , Noriaki Hashimoto , Ichiro Takeuchi , Hidekata Hontani

{"title":"A study of criteria for grading follicular lymphoma using a cell type classifier from pathology images based on complementary-label learning","authors":"Ryoichi Koga , Shingo Koide , Hiromu Tanaka , Kei Taguchi , Mauricio Kugler , Tatsuya Yokota , Koichi Ohshima , Hiroaki Miyoshi , Miharu Nagaishi , Noriaki Hashimoto , Ichiro Takeuchi , Hidekata Hontani","doi":"10.1016/j.micron.2024.103663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micron.2024.103663","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We propose a criterion for grading follicular lymphoma that is consistent with the intuitive evaluation, which is conducted by experienced pathologists. A criterion for grading follicular lymphoma is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) based on the number of centroblasts and centrocytes within the field of view. However, the WHO criterion is not often used in clinical practice because it is impractical for pathologists to visually identify the cell type of each cell and count the number of centroblasts and centrocytes. Hence, based on the widespread use of digital pathology, we make it practical to identify and count the cell type by using image processing and then construct a criterion for grading based on the number of cells. Here, the problem is that labeling the cell type is not easy even for experienced pathologists. To alleviate this problem, we build a new dataset for cell type classification, which contains the pathologists’ confusion records during labeling, and we construct the cell type classifier using complementary-label learning from this dataset. Then we propose a criterion based on the composition ratio of cell types that is consistent with the pathologists’ grading. Our experiments demonstrate that the classifier can accurately identify cell types and the proposed criterion is more consistent with the pathologists’ grading than the current WHO criterion.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18501,"journal":{"name":"Micron","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0968432824000805/pdfft?md5=d4ffbeee24762fd5b6ba400d6325268a&pid=1-s2.0-S0968432824000805-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141263898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

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