Micron最新文献

{"title":"Characterizing α-phase variants in titanium alloys via EBSD: Understanding colour indexing challenges.","authors":"S L Lu, T T Wang, T Song, A E Medvedev, S D Luo, D Qiu, M Brandt, M Qian","doi":"10.1016/j.micron.2025.103893","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micron.2025.103893","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) inverse pole figure (IPF) maps are indispensable techniques for visualizing grain orientations in titanium alloys. However, differentiating the twelve α-phase variants formed during the β → α phase transformation, following the Burgers orientation relationship, presents a challenge due to overlapping colours in IPF maps. This study systematically investigates how α-phase variants are coloured in IPF X, Y, and Z maps, using a Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo alloy sample fabricated via laser-based directed energy deposition of metals. By analysing the orientations of prior-β grains and their α-phase variants with Burgers orientation relationship, we illustrate why multiple variants share similar colours in IPF maps. Additionally, the correlation between IPF map colour distributions and Schmid factors for basal, prismatic, and pyramidal slip systems is explored, providing insights into slip activation and deformation behaviour. This work clarifies how α-phase variants are represented in IPF maps and addressing common ambiguities in interpreting EBSD data, providing a framework for accurate microstructural characterization. These findings highlight the need for complementary techniques to resolve colour-based limitations of IPF maps and support the design of tailored microstructures for improved mechanical performances.</p>","PeriodicalId":18501,"journal":{"name":"Micron","volume":"198 ","pages":"103893"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144804429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anatomical and histomorphological characterization of the gastrointestinal tract (esophagus, stomach, and ileum) of the shining sunbird (Cinnyris habessinicus): A paradigm for the nectarivorous niche in sunbirds.","authors":"Ahmed A El-Mansi, Mohamed A Al Qahtani, Hend Alshahrani, Eman R Elbealy, Mamdouh Eldesoqui, Samir A A El-Gendy, Mohamed A M Alsafy, Valentina Kubale, Ahmed M Rashwan","doi":"10.1016/j.micron.2025.103923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micron.2025.103923","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The shining sunbird (Cinnyris habessinicus) is a specialized nectarivore with unique gastrointestinal adaptations to its dietary habit. This study aimed to characterize the morpho-functional features of the gastrointestinal tract of C. habessinicus using gross anatomical, histological, histochemical, morphometric, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. Morphometric analysis revealed regional variations in tunics thickness: the esophagus had the thickest tunica serosa (55.67 ± 2.4 µm), the proventriculus had the thickest tunics mucosa (884.55 ± 13.05 µm), and the gizzard had the thickest tunics submucosa and tunica muscularis (47.48 ± 3.5 µm and 526.33 ± 20.55 µm, respectively). Anatomically, the esophagus was situated on the right side of the neck and showed prominent mucosal infoldings. Numerous oval-shaped mucous glands were identified within the esophagus intraepithelial layer, at the mucosa-submucosa interface, and in the submucosa, exhibiting strong reactivity for acid mucins. The proventricular mucosa contained superficial and deep polymorphic glands. The ventriculus was thin-walled and was internally lined by a keratinized koilin membrane. The ileum featured numerous tongue-shaped villi composed of absorptive enterocytes and goblet cells surrounding central lacteals. SEM analysis further revealed the surface ultrastructure of the alimentary canal: the esophagus had leaf-like mucosal folds with glandular openings; the proventriculus contained dome-shaped glandular lobules and scattered gastric orifices; the ventriculus showed undulating mucosal ridges and numerous glandular pores; and the ileum presented radially arranged pyramidal villi and mucous orifices. Histochemical staining demonstrated regional differences in acid mucin distribution and collagen localization. In conclusion, the structural and histochemical results provide new information about the nectarivorous feeding strategy of C. habessinicus by revealing its intricate gastrointestinal adaptations.</p>","PeriodicalId":18501,"journal":{"name":"Micron","volume":"200 ","pages":"103923"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145258519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Direct electron detection for atomic-resolution spectroscopic mapping under cryogenic and signal-limited conditions.","authors":"Berit H Goodge, Lena F Kourkoutis","doi":"10.1016/j.micron.2025.103921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micron.2025.103921","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The expansion of spectroscopic mapping by STEM-EELS to cryogenic temperatures opens the door to new experiments across many fields including materials physics, biological systems, and solid-liquid interfaces. Such experiments, however, often face signal limitations due to sample sensitivity or acquisition time. Compared to traditional indirect detection systems such as charge coupled devices (CCDs), direct electron detectors (DEDs) offer improved detective quantum efficiency, narrower point spread function, and superior signal to noise ratio. Here, the performance of a Gatan K2 Summit DED is compared to a Gatan UltraScan 1000 CCD for use in signal-limited EELS experiments. Due to improved point spread function of the DED, energy resolution remains comparable to the CCD at 5 times lower dispersion, providing simultaneous access to a much broader total energy range. Furthermore, the benefits of DED enable a variety of low-signal experiments, including rapid atomic-resolution mapping of minor and high energy edges. For low per-pixel dwell time, elemental maps acquired by direct detection show increased atomic column contrast compared to those acquired with the CCD with lower acquisition dead time. Taking advantage of these performance improvements and the rapid per frame readout time, we demonstrate EELS atomic-resolution elemental mapping at cryogenic temperatures.</p>","PeriodicalId":18501,"journal":{"name":"Micron","volume":"200 ","pages":"103921"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145244396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation, application, and practical use of the origami-based Foldscope microscope for biomonitoring soil and litter arthropods","authors":"Sonar Indira ,&nbsp;Chettri Arati ,&nbsp;Dorshon Chakravarty Mimangsha ,&nbsp;Abdelgani Gumaa Abdelmuala Baraka ,&nbsp;Ahmed-Laskar Saeed ,&nbsp;Malik Smita Shruti ,&nbsp;Rabha Chiranjeeb ,&nbsp;Chakma Sonia ,&nbsp;Maurya Khushboo ,&nbsp;Lalremruata Andy ,&nbsp;Vikas Kumar Roy ,&nbsp;Nachimuthu Senthil Kumar ,&nbsp;Guruswami Gurusubramanian","doi":"10.1016/j.micron.2025.103920","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micron.2025.103920","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential of the origami-based Foldscope microscope, supplemented with smartphone cameras, as a practical, affordable, and field-ready tool for monitoring soil and litter arthropod diversity in tropical forest ecosystems of Mizoram, India (Aizawl, Lunglei, and Mamit). We surveyed arthropod diversity across multiple taxa—including Protura, Diplura, Collembola, Orthoptera, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Diptera, Araneae, and others—and compared image quality with conventional student microscopes. We hypothesized that the Foldscope, when coupled with smartphone imaging, would generate diagnostically useful images of soil and litter arthropods comparable to those obtained with conventional microscopes, thereby serving as a practical tool for biodiversity monitoring in field conditions. To test this, our objectives were: (i) to survey soil and litter arthropod diversity in three tropical forest regions using Foldscope; (ii) to compare its imaging performance with conventional microscopes; and (iii) to examine the broader implications of low-cost, field-based microscopy for biodiversity monitoring and scientific equity. Our results demonstrate that the Foldscope reliably produced diagnostically useful images of key soil and litter arthropod groups under natural field conditions, underscoring its utility as a low-cost, portable alternative to conventional laboratory instruments. Beyond documenting biodiversity patterns, this study highlights the role of accessible instrumentation in advancing ecological research and education. In resource-constrained contexts, the scarcity of laboratory-grade microscopes often limits opportunities for field-based inquiry. By enabling in situ collection and analysis, the Foldscope lowers barriers to participation in biodiversity monitoring, environmental education, and citizen science. We further argue that this work underscores the responsibility of instrument developers to address the needs of under-resourced scientific communities. Foldscope’s adoption, compared with other open-source platforms such as UC2 and OpenFlexure, illustrates the importance of intuitive design, compatibility with digital tools, and potential integration with open-source artificial intelligence for image analysis. By presenting this work as both a validation study and a perspective from a resource-limited research setting, we establish Foldscope not only as a validated tool for ecological monitoring but also as a model of how affordable instruments can strengthen resource-limited research, bridge global inequities, and expand participation in biodiversity science.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18501,"journal":{"name":"Micron","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 103920"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145222969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In-situ microscale cold welding using a focused ion beam-scanning electron microscope","authors":"Ambra Celotto ,&nbsp;Randi Holmestad ,&nbsp;Filippo Berto ,&nbsp;Per Erik Vullum","doi":"10.1016/j.micron.2025.103922","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micron.2025.103922","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microscale cold welding is an efficient method for achieving high-quality joints, particularly in electronic components, as its low-temperature process preserves the mechanical and electrical properties of the base metals. However, the limited fundamental understanding of successful bonding mechanisms for dissimilar metal joining has significantly restricted its industrial adoption. This is especially true at the microscale, where heat-assisted methods are still generally preferred. Therefore, this work presents a test bed procedure for cold welding of dissimilar metals at the microscale. A Focused Ion Beam (FIB) -scanning electron microscope was employed to design, monitor and characterise the technique, allowing complete control over the welding parameters, such as speed, geometry, and superficial oxides. Successful bonding was achieved without preliminary surface preparation by pushing a tapered copper wire into a pre-made hole in a soft aluminium alloy. The copper wire diameter was larger than that of the hole, promoting shear stresses and plastic deformation. Cross-sectional analysis of joints revealed severe grain refinement near the bonded interface. Elemental mapping highlighted that shear forces removed most contaminants mechanically as soon as contact began. Bonding defects originated from microscopic residuals of oxides or contaminants from the FIB, while a uniform interface was observed in their absence. A four-probe setup for in-situ electrical resistance measurement across the Al-Cu interface was tested, and it was indirectly used to testify the bond quality. Transmission electron microscopy investigations revealed that interdiffusion occurred across the joint interface, forming a thin intermetallic Al-Cu layer, even in the presence of a nanoscopic fragmented oxygen layer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18501,"journal":{"name":"Micron","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 103922"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145206904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Probing morphological aspects of PVC/ZnO nanocomposite through image analysis techniques","authors":"Vishal Mathur ,&nbsp;Bremananth Ramachandran ,&nbsp;Pramod Kumar Arya","doi":"10.1016/j.micron.2025.103918","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micron.2025.103918","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is a widely used thermoplastic polymer in various applications due to its appropriate mechanical strength, durability, and chemical-resistant nature. However, its inherent thermal instability and overall performance tend to limit its usefulness efficiently. The dispersion of zinc oxide (ZnO) and other nanomaterials to enhance the material’s properties has received huge consideration in recent years. The present study explores the morphological aspects of PVC/ZnO nanocomposites synthesized via solution casting technique. ZnO nanoparticles, due to their specific shape and surface properties, significantly impact the polymeric structure of the composite at the nano level. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis technique is used to obtain micrographs of PVC/ZnO specimens at different concentration levels. Image analysis techniques are applied to these SEM micrographs to get morphological insight, like the level of dispersion of ZnO nanoparticles, their uniformity, positions, and to correlate them with their thermomechanical and mechanical, and other relevant properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18501,"journal":{"name":"Micron","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 103918"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145134865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scratch-induced microstructure of Ni single crystal: A FIB-TEM study","authors":"Chenbang Zhu,&nbsp;Ying Chen,&nbsp;Keduo Xia,&nbsp;Liankui Wu,&nbsp;Fahe Cao,&nbsp;Qingqing Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.micron.2025.103919","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micron.2025.103919","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Revealing the scratch-induced microstructural evolution of metals is important to establish the mechanism and model of wear and/or tribology. In this work, substructure evolution of the region between scratch track and the unaffected metal of Ni single crystal was fully characterized by using advanced electron microscopy techniques such as FIB, TEM and TKD. A 30 μm × 30 μm electron transparent foil at the area of interest was fabricated by FIB technique. Four ‌characteristic substructures are identified as approaching to the scratch track direction: Area I predominantly contains dislocation cells and dislocation tangles; Area II features refined dislocation cells and cell blocks; Area III comprises ultrafine grains (UFG); Area IV consists of nanolaminates (NL). This work provides key experimental basis for relevant simulations in the field of friction and wear.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18501,"journal":{"name":"Micron","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 103919"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145134864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing X-ray microcomputed tomography image processing of avian eggshells: An improved registration metric for multiscale 3D images and resolution-enhanced segmentation of eggshell pores using edge-attentive neural networks","authors":"Shumeng Jia ,&nbsp;Nicolas Piché ,&nbsp;Marc D. McKee ,&nbsp;Natalie Reznikov","doi":"10.1016/j.micron.2025.103915","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micron.2025.103915","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Avian eggs exhibit a variety of shapes and sizes, reflecting different reproductive strategies. The eggshell not only protects the egg contents, but also regulates gas and water vapor exchange vital for embryonic development. While many studies have explored eggshell ultrastructure, the distribution of pores across the entire shell is less well understood because of a trade-off between resolution and field-of-view in imaging. To overcome this, a neural network was developed for resolution enhancement of low-resolution 3D tomographic data, while performing voxel-wise labeling. Trained on X-ray microcomputed tomography images of ostrich, guillemot and crow eggshells from a natural history museum collection, the model used stepwise magnification to create low- and high-resolution training sets. Registration performance was validated with a novel metric based on local grayscale gradients. An edge-attentive loss function prevented bias towards the dominant background class (95% of all voxels), ensuring accurate labeling of eggshell (5%) and pore (0.1%) voxels. The results indicate that besides edge-attention and class balancing, 3D context preservation and 3D convolution are of paramount importance for extrapolating subvoxel features.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18501,"journal":{"name":"Micron","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 103915"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145092101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative and three-dimensional observations by electron holography","authors":"Toshiaki Tanigaki","doi":"10.1016/j.micron.2025.103917","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micron.2025.103917","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper reviews advances in quantitative and three-dimensional (3D) observations by electron holography. Electron holography provides quantitative electron wave information regarding electromagnetic fields in and around samples at the micron to atomic scale. Spatial resolution and quantitative precision in electron holography have been improved by hardware- and software-type aberration corrections. This has led to observations of atomic-resolution electrostatic potential that enable electrons to be counted on catalyst nanoparticles. Furthermore, combinations of hardware and software-type aberration correction have enabled magnetic-field observations at the level of individual lattice planes. This paper also details how the merits of quantitative observation have been utilized in three-dimensional observations of electrostatic potentials and magnetic fields and how tomographic electron holography has unveiled the three-dimensional magnetic-field distributions in skyrmions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18501,"journal":{"name":"Micron","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 103917"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145102666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analytics of the Gaussian phase object","authors":"M. Beleggia","doi":"10.1016/j.micron.2025.103916","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micron.2025.103916","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A Gaussian pure phase object can be expressed as an infinite series of complex Gaussians. In momentum representation, since the Fourier Transform of a Gaussian is another Gaussian, the object wave spectrum is also an infinite series of complex Gaussians. Multiplying by a transfer function that is at most quadratic in spatial frequencies, such as the Fresnel propagator, does not change the structure of the series, which can then be Fourier transformed back to real space analytically. This computational framework provides us with the opportunity of examining the dependence of the image intensity on various key parameters such as defocus distance and Zernike/Hilbert phase plate angles, for the purposes of optimizing contrast and providing guidelines for the design of phase plates for electrons.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18501,"journal":{"name":"Micron","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 103916"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145102723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}