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Exploring the limits of 3D dopant localization in phosphor nanoparticles: A simulation-to-experiment perspective via through-focus HAADF-STEM 探索荧光粉纳米颗粒中3D掺杂定位的局限性:通过聚焦HAADF-STEM的模拟-实验视角
IF 2.2 3区 工程技术
Micron Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2026.103998
M. Herrera , J. Pizarro , M. Paz Guerrero , G. Bárcenas , E. Milán , A. Speghini , S.I. Molina
{"title":"Exploring the limits of 3D dopant localization in phosphor nanoparticles: A simulation-to-experiment perspective via through-focus HAADF-STEM","authors":"M. Herrera ,&nbsp;J. Pizarro ,&nbsp;M. Paz Guerrero ,&nbsp;G. Bárcenas ,&nbsp;E. Milán ,&nbsp;A. Speghini ,&nbsp;S.I. Molina","doi":"10.1016/j.micron.2026.103998","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micron.2026.103998","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate three-dimensional (3D) localization of rare-earth dopants in crystalline phosphor nanoparticles (NPs) remains a critical challenge for understanding structure-property relationships and optimizing luminescent performance. Through-focus High-Angle Annular Dark-Field Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (HAADF-STEM) offers promising depth sectioning for bulk materials, but its systematic application to beam-sensitive NPs is unexplored. We investigate through-focus HAADF-STEM feasibility for 3D dopant distributions in SrF₂:Eu NPs via a comprehensive simulation-to-experiment approach, addressing complex channeling effects. Multislice simulations reveal that electron channeling along Sr atomic columns significantly broadens the electron probe and introduces systematic positioning errors at greater depths. A developed depth correction function accounts for channeling effects, achieving high localization accuracy for individual Eu atoms in simulated focal series. Critical spatial resolution limits for multiple dopant detection have been established, as individual dopants become indistinguishable due to overlapping channeling effects. Experimental implementation has revealed fundamental practical constraints limiting through-focus analysis of SrF₂:Eu NPs. Beam damage and specimen instability (such as rigid-body motion or beam-induced atomic displacement), pronounced in NPs, critically compromise localization precision. Despite unachieved 3D dopant characterization for these NPs, this investigation establishes quantitative frameworks for understanding through-focus HAADF-STEM capabilities and limitations in beam-sensitive crystalline systems. Developed correction methodologies guide future implementations in more stable materials, while systematic characterization of damage and stability defines realistic boundaries for NP depth sectioning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18501,"journal":{"name":"Micron","volume":"203 ","pages":"Article 103998"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146078242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Large volume ‘chunk’ lift out for 3D tomographic analysis using analytical plasma focussed ion beam – scanning electron microscopy 使用等离子体聚焦离子束扫描电子显微镜进行3D层析分析。
IF 2.2 3区 工程技术
Micron Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2025.103986
Ruth Birch , Shuheng Li , Sharang Sharang , Warren J. Poole , Ben Britton
{"title":"Large volume ‘chunk’ lift out for 3D tomographic analysis using analytical plasma focussed ion beam – scanning electron microscopy","authors":"Ruth Birch ,&nbsp;Shuheng Li ,&nbsp;Sharang Sharang ,&nbsp;Warren J. Poole ,&nbsp;Ben Britton","doi":"10.1016/j.micron.2025.103986","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micron.2025.103986","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Characterization of the structure and properties of materials in three dimensions, including grains and the residual pattern of deformation, provides necessary information required to guide materials design as well as support materials modelling efforts. In this work, we present an overview of site-specific large volume ‘chunk’ lift out and 3D serial sectioning of substantive volumes (e.g. 200 ×200 x 400 μm<sup>3</sup>), where sectioning is optimized for 3D electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) based crystallographic analysis, using a plasma (Xe) focussed ion beam scanning electron microscope (plasma FIB-SEM) equipped to perform EBSD using a ‘static’ configuration (i.e. slicing and EBSD-mapping are performed without moving the sample). This workflow is demonstrated through the 3D plasma FIB-SEM based EBSD analysis of an indent made within a polycrystal of pure magnesium. The lift out approach is suitable for a wide range of materials, and we offer a step-by-step guide within the present work to provide opportunity for others to more easily enter this field and collect valuable data.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18501,"journal":{"name":"Micron","volume":"203 ","pages":"Article 103986"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145917775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Correlation between the adhesion force of hydrophobic surfaces and contact angle 疏水表面附着力与接触角的关系。
IF 2.2 3区 工程技术
Micron Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2026.104001
Luis N. Ponce-Gonzalez, José L. Toca-Herrera
{"title":"Correlation between the adhesion force of hydrophobic surfaces and contact angle","authors":"Luis N. Ponce-Gonzalez,&nbsp;José L. Toca-Herrera","doi":"10.1016/j.micron.2026.104001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micron.2026.104001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding how macroscopic wetting relates to nanoscopic adhesion is essential for characterizing solid–liquid interfacial interactions. In this study, we examine the correlation between adhesion force and contact angle for a hydrophobic fluorocarbon self-assembled monolayer (1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctanethiol, FOTT) interacting across water–dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) mixtures of varying molar composition. Adhesion forces were quantified through atomic force microscopy (AFM) pull-off measurements using symmetric FOTT-functionalized probes and substrates prepared by chemical vapor deposition (CVD), while wettability was assessed via sessile drop contact angle measurements on the same surfaces. Increasing the water molar fraction in the solvent mixture resulted in concurrent increases in both adhesion force and contact angle, revealing a direct empirical relationship between nanoscopic adhesion and macroscopic wetting behavior. Solid–liquid interfacial tensions estimated from AFM data using the Derjaguin–Muller–Toporov (DMT) model showed good agreement with values obtained from contact angle measurements and Zisman plot analysis. Together, these results highlight the complementarity of AFM and contact angle techniques and provide experimental evidence linking adhesion forces to wettability for hydrophobic fluorocarbon surfaces in aqueous solvent mixtures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18501,"journal":{"name":"Micron","volume":"203 ","pages":"Article 104001"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146157546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The morphology of male accessory glands in the Glenea cantor (Fabricius, 1787) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae) 康氏天牛(fabicius, 1787)雄性副腺的形态(鞘翅目:天牛科:天牛科)。
IF 2.2 3区 工程技术
Micron Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2026.103999
Hui-Xin Tan, Qiong-Hua Gao, Xin Tong
{"title":"The morphology of male accessory glands in the Glenea cantor (Fabricius, 1787) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae)","authors":"Hui-Xin Tan,&nbsp;Qiong-Hua Gao,&nbsp;Xin Tong","doi":"10.1016/j.micron.2026.103999","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micron.2026.103999","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Male accessory glands of insects serve as secretory organs, exhibiting the ability to produce secretions that regulate reproductive processes. Their histology and ultrastructure are generally regarded as being diverse within insect groups, however, as one of the largest groups of insects, the ultrastructure of male accessory glands in Cerambycidae has never received sufficient attention. The longhorn beetle <em>Glenea cantor</em> (Fabricius, 1787) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae) is a wood-boring pest infesting urban landscape trees in southern China, significantly compromising urban greening. In this study, light and transmission electron microscopes were used to reveal the histological and ultrastructural characteristics of the male accessory glands of <em>G. cantor</em>. Results show that the males of <em>G. cantor</em> possess two pairs of morphologically distinct mesodermal glands (mesadenia). One pair exhibits an overall elongated tubular shape, while the other displays a tightly coiled, clew-like structure proximally and free-ending tubular regions distally. Ultrastructurally, both pairs of mesadenia exhibit identical cell types, with abundant secretory granules observed within the cytoplasm and lumen. Each gland possesses a muscular layer, an epithelium, and a lumen. The epithelial cell layer contains cellular structures and organelles indicative of active protein synthesis, including rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), mitochondria, Golgi appartus, and secretory vesicles. This epithelium is also characterized by the presence of microvilli. The lumen is filled with electron-dense secretion. Notably, distinct morphological and ultrastructural differences exist both between the two mesadenial pairs and within each pair between their proximal and distal regions. This study provides the first comparative morphological and ultrastructural analysis of regional differentiation in two pairs of male accessory glands of <em>G. cantor</em>, revealing adaptive changes acquired during their evolution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18501,"journal":{"name":"Micron","volume":"203 ","pages":"Article 103999"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146113614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Freeze-dried magnesium doped hydroxyapatite for biomedical applications 生物医学用掺镁羟基磷灰石冻干
IF 2.2 3区 工程技术
Micron Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2026.103997
Daniela Predoi , Simona Liliana Iconaru , Steluţa Carmen Ciobanu , Krzysztof Rokosz , Steinar Raaen , Damien Leduc , Mounsif Ech Cherif El Kettani , Philippe Zelmar , Coralia Bleotu , Mihai-Valentin Predoi , Ştefan Ţălu
{"title":"Freeze-dried magnesium doped hydroxyapatite for biomedical applications","authors":"Daniela Predoi ,&nbsp;Simona Liliana Iconaru ,&nbsp;Steluţa Carmen Ciobanu ,&nbsp;Krzysztof Rokosz ,&nbsp;Steinar Raaen ,&nbsp;Damien Leduc ,&nbsp;Mounsif Ech Cherif El Kettani ,&nbsp;Philippe Zelmar ,&nbsp;Coralia Bleotu ,&nbsp;Mihai-Valentin Predoi ,&nbsp;Ştefan Ţălu","doi":"10.1016/j.micron.2026.103997","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micron.2026.103997","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study, presents for the first time the development and characterization of innovative bioceramic samples based on magnesium doped hydroxyapatite (x<sub>Mg</sub> = 0.015 and x<sub>Mg</sub> = 0.05) obtained by a modified co-precipitation method and the lyophilization of the final precipitate (1.5MgHAp-LF and 5MgHAp-LF). The lyophilized powders were thoroughly investigated, obtaining valuable information regarding stability through non-destructive ultrasound measurements, structure, chemical composition, bonding states, surface properties and biological evaluations. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of the samples revealed peaks characteristic of pure hexagonal hydroxyapatite (P63/m). When calcium ions were substituted with magnesium ions, a reduction in peak intensity and a slight broadening of the peaks were observed as the magnesium concentration increased. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to investigate the structural and compositional characteristics of the studied samples. Information regarding the surface topography of 1.5MgHAp-LF and 5MgHAp-LF pellets was obtained using scanning electron microcopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) studies. Additionally, AFM topographies and SEM images provided useful insights into the roughness of the samples. A complementary analysis was performed on a larger surface area using a Scanning Acoustic Microscope (SAM). The biological performance of 1.5MgHAp-LF and 5MgHAp-LF pellets was evaluated using the MG63 osteoblast-like cell line. Surface analyses—including furrow morphology, texture orientation, fractal dimensionality, and frequency spectrum—revealed that increased magnesium content induces greater topographical order and complexity, enhancing the material’s potential for osteoconductive applications. The cytotoxicity of the pellets was assessed by determining the cell viability through the MTT assay after an incubation period of 24 h. Also, fluorescence microscopy (FM) visualization was used to determine the cytotoxicity of the pellets. The results demonstrated that both 1.5MgHApLF and 5MgHApLF pellets exhibited good biocompatibility for both tested samples. Furthermore, the interaction of the MG63 cells with the surface of the 1.5MgHAp-LF and 5MgHAp-LF pellets was assessed by metallographic microscopy (MM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). MM and AFM analyses revealed that the surface morphology of both materials effectively supported cellular attachment and growth. These findings suggest that both 1.5MgHAp-LF and 5MgHAp-LF pellets have a significant potential for being used in the development of advanced biomaterials for biomedical use.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18501,"journal":{"name":"Micron","volume":"203 ","pages":"Article 103997"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146024183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
RAFT: A program for area fraction measurement of digital micrographs 用于测量数字显微照片的面积分数的程序
IF 2.2 3区 工程技术
Micron Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2025.103984
Mitchell Mika, Paul McIntyre, Mary Sevart, Megan E. Hurley, Victoria M. Miller, Assel Aitkaliyeva
{"title":"RAFT: A program for area fraction measurement of digital micrographs","authors":"Mitchell Mika,&nbsp;Paul McIntyre,&nbsp;Mary Sevart,&nbsp;Megan E. Hurley,&nbsp;Victoria M. Miller,&nbsp;Assel Aitkaliyeva","doi":"10.1016/j.micron.2025.103984","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micron.2025.103984","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Measuring the volume fraction of a constituent is a frequent requirement for materials characterization. One method for doing so is measuring the area fraction of the constituent captured in digital micrographs as an approximation of the volume fraction. Area fraction measurements are often automated using computer algorithms. These algorithms can be sensitive to imaging conditions, such as the feature-background contrast, which can introduce significant uncertainty into reported values. In this work, we developed a point-counting algorithm that can measure area fraction to a user-specified degree of precision, ensuring an efficient sample size selection based on the needs of the characterization effort. The algorithm is then implemented into an open-source software, Robust Area Fraction Tool (RAFT), that facilitates sample size calculation and point-counting. Performance of the algorithm was quantified on both simulated and real digital micrographs, and the results showed the algorithm met or exceeded desired precision values in almost all test cases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18501,"journal":{"name":"Micron","volume":"203 ","pages":"Article 103984"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145897975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
VMPicker: A novel cryo-EM particle picker leveraging vision mamba and the segment anything model VMPicker:一种利用视觉曼巴和任何部分模型的新型低温电子显微镜颗粒拾取器
IF 2.2 3区 工程技术
Micron Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2026.103995
Bo Zhu , Entuo Liu , Wei Long , Lingxi Hu , Shang Zhou , Shixin Ye-Lehmann , Linhua Jiang , Yao-Wang Li
{"title":"VMPicker: A novel cryo-EM particle picker leveraging vision mamba and the segment anything model","authors":"Bo Zhu ,&nbsp;Entuo Liu ,&nbsp;Wei Long ,&nbsp;Lingxi Hu ,&nbsp;Shang Zhou ,&nbsp;Shixin Ye-Lehmann ,&nbsp;Linhua Jiang ,&nbsp;Yao-Wang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.micron.2026.103995","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micron.2026.103995","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) has become an essential technique for resolving the three-dimensional structures of biological macromolecules, where accurate particle picking is a critical prerequisite for high-resolution reconstruction. Despite recent advances with convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and Transformer-based models, existing automated methods often encounter difficulties under low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) conditions and heterogeneous backgrounds. CNNs are constrained in capturing long-range dependencies, whereas Transformers, although effective in modeling global context, tend to underperform in preserving fine structural details and require substantial computational resources. Here, we present VMPicker, a framework integrating Vision Mamba and the Segment Anything Model (SAM). At its core is CryoVMUNet, which extends the standard U-Net by incorporating high-order visual state space (H-VSS) modules alongside convolutional operations and attention mechanisms. This design enables the simultaneous extraction of global dependencies and fine-grained local features while reducing redundant information. By combining CryoVMUNet’s high-fidelity predictions with SAM-based automated segmentation, VMPicker achieves precise and robust identification of protein particles in complex cryo-EM micrographs. Benchmarking on ten publicly available cryo-EM datasets shows that VMPicker consistently outperforms state-of-the-art approaches, achieving average improvements of 8.1 % in Precision, 11.2 % in F1 score, and 12.3 % in Dice coefficient, while maintaining competitive Recall. It also produces the highest and most consistent reconstructed density map resolutions across multiple CryoPPP datasets, demonstrating its ability to generate high-quality 3D structures. Furthermore, VMPicker delivers higher computational efficiency with a more compact model design. To our knowledge, this study represents the first application of Vision Mamba to cryo-EM image analysis, underscoring its potential to advance reliable particle picking across diverse experimental conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18501,"journal":{"name":"Micron","volume":"203 ","pages":"Article 103995"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145979334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Monte Carlo simulation of secondary electron emission in TixNy based on first principle calculation 基于第一性原理计算的TixNy二次电子发射蒙特卡罗模拟
IF 2.2 3区 工程技术
Micron Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2026.103994
Runqi Yan , Yonggui Zhai , Hongguang Wang , Yongdong Li , Meng Cao
{"title":"Monte Carlo simulation of secondary electron emission in TixNy based on first principle calculation","authors":"Runqi Yan ,&nbsp;Yonggui Zhai ,&nbsp;Hongguang Wang ,&nbsp;Yongdong Li ,&nbsp;Meng Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.micron.2026.103994","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micron.2026.103994","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study develops a Monte Carlo simulation framework for secondary electron emission, leveraging first-principles-derived energy loss functions to model inelastic scattering processes. The simulation incorporates distinct energy-loss mechanisms associated with different excitation regions in the momentum-energy plane. Furthermore, an experimentally parameterized surface excitation probability is integrated to differentiate between surface and bulk scattering events. By applying this model to Ti<sub>x</sub>N<sub>y</sub> compounds, the work clarifies how the differential inelastic scattering cross section governs the stoichiometry-dependent variation of secondary electron yields in Ti<sub>x</sub>N<sub>y</sub> systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18501,"journal":{"name":"Micron","volume":"203 ","pages":"Article 103994"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146023836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
High-resolution observation of live cells on silicon nitride film using a conventional optical microscope 利用传统光学显微镜对氮化硅薄膜上的活细胞进行高分辨率观察。
IF 2.2 3区 工程技术
Micron Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2026.103996
Toshihiko Ogura, Tomoko Okada
{"title":"High-resolution observation of live cells on silicon nitride film using a conventional optical microscope","authors":"Toshihiko Ogura,&nbsp;Tomoko Okada","doi":"10.1016/j.micron.2026.103996","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micron.2026.103996","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Optical microscopes are essential equipment for observing and analysing cultured cells. In observations using a normal optical microscope, as the contrast of cells is rather low, phase contrast and differential interference microscopes are commonly used. In some cases, specific proteins in cells are fluorescently labelled and observed using a fluorescence microscope. In such observations, cells are generally cultured on a glass surface and observed through the glass. Therefore, spherical aberration occurs due to the refraction of light on the glass surface. This spherical aberration becomes larger when using an objective lens with higher magnification and higher numerical aperture, resulting in a decrease of spatial resolution and contrast. Here, we found that by observing cells cultured on an extremely thin silicon nitride (SiN) film (50 nm thick) under a conventional optical microscope, we could directly observe the cells at high resolution without spherical aberration. This improvement of spatial resolution was confirmed with both inverted and upright optical microscopes. Using a normal 100 × objective lens without oil immersion, we were able to directly observe melanosomes in melanoma cells and analyse their dynamic movement. We believe that using our original sample holder with thin SiN film will make it easy to observe live cells at high resolution and that this method will contribute to a wide range of biological research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18501,"journal":{"name":"Micron","volume":"203 ","pages":"Article 103996"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145998472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Microstructure evolution and kinetics of recrystallization and grain growth of hot-rolled Mg-Gd alloy 热轧Mg-Gd合金的组织演变及再结晶和晶粒长大动力学
IF 2.2 3区 工程技术
Micron Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2026.104000
Boualem Rai , Ismail Bencherifa , Denis Solas , François Brisset , Thierry Baudin , Hiba Azzeddine
{"title":"Microstructure evolution and kinetics of recrystallization and grain growth of hot-rolled Mg-Gd alloy","authors":"Boualem Rai ,&nbsp;Ismail Bencherifa ,&nbsp;Denis Solas ,&nbsp;François Brisset ,&nbsp;Thierry Baudin ,&nbsp;Hiba Azzeddine","doi":"10.1016/j.micron.2026.104000","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micron.2026.104000","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The hot-rolled Mg-0.6Gd (wt%) alloy at 723 K for 85 % thickness reduction was subjected to annealing treatments at a temperature range of 573–723 K for durations ranging from 5 to 1440 min to study the microstructure evolution. In addition, the recrystallization and grain growth kinetics were evaluated using Vickers microhardness and mean grain size variation, respectively. The deformed microstructure characterized by the fragmentation of coarse initial grains and a high number of twins was retained after annealing at 573 and 623 K. In contrast, a microstructure with equiaxed recrystallized grains developed rapidly during annealing at 673 and 723 K. The mean grain size increased with both annealing temperature and time, reaching values of 11.8 ± 1.3, 21.1 ± 2.2, 36.1 ± 1.4, 48.9 ± 2.5 µm after 1440 min at 573, 623, 673 and 723 K, respectively. Hot-rolling and heat treatments altered the nature of the existing second-phase particles, which controlled the obtained microstructures via solute drag and the Zener pinning effect. Based on the Johnson-Mehl-Avrami Kolmogorov model, the recrystallization activation energy was 107.1 ± 14.1 kJ/mol, suggesting that the grain boundary diffusion controlled the static recrystallization. Grain growth behaviour was distinguished into two temperature regimes: from 573 to 623 K and from 623 to 723 K. At the 573–623 K range, the grain growth was restricted and the obtained activation energy of 200 kJ/mol evidenced the control of lattice self-diffusion. At the 623–723 K range, the activation energy decreased significantly to 50.1 ± 5.5 kJ/mol, indicating enhanced grain growth.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18501,"journal":{"name":"Micron","volume":"203 ","pages":"Article 104000"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146078347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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