Lex Publica最新文献

{"title":"The Politics of Law of Sharia Economics in Indonesia","authors":"Hasbi Hasan, C. Mustafa","doi":"10.58829/lp.9.1.2022.30-57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58829/lp.9.1.2022.30-57","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the process of institutionalization of sharia principles in the economic field, along with the process of legislation and regulation in the national legal system. The scope of this study will rely on the existence, opportunities, and challenges of actualizing the Islamic economic system from the perspective of Indonesian legal politics. Specifically, this approach is carried out based on the authority of Islamic law and its existence as a source of law in Indonesia’s national legal order, with a sharp level of attention to the dynamics of regulatory policies on sharia economic business activities. Starting from the characteristics of Indonesian political legalism under the umbrella of the 1945 Constitution, which adheres to the concept of “unification and codification in a “unique way,” the study of sharia economics in Indonesian legal politics has also given birth to several knots that are “unique.” Theoretically, the concept of “unification” is a way for national legal politics to shape law in the condition of a pluralistic Indonesian nation. One principle that is used as a theoretical benchmark in this regard is how to carry out the process of legal unification in a pluralistic society that seeks to maintain a process of differentiation in a sustainable manner of sharia economics.\u0000Abstrak\u0000Penelitian ini menyoroti proses pelembagaan prinsip syariah dalam bidang ekonomi berikut proses legislasi dan regulasinya dalam sistem hukum nasional. Lingkup kajian ini akan bertumpu pada eksistensi, peluang dan tantangan aktualisasi sistem ekonomi syariah dalam perspektif politik hukum Indonesia. Secara spesifik, pendekatan ini dilakukan dengan bertolak pada otoritas hukum Islam dan eksistensinya sebagai sumber hukum dalam tertib hukum nasional Indonesia, dengan tingkat perhatian yang tajam pada dinamika kebijakan regulasi atas kegiatan usaha ekonomi syariah. Bertolak dari karakteristik legalisme politik hukum Indonesia di bawah payung UUD 1945 yang menganut konsep”unifikasi dan kodifikasi secara “unik,” kajian tentang ekonomi syariah dalam politik hukum Indonesia juga telah melahirkan beberapa kata simpul yang bersifat “unik.” Konsep “unifikasi” secara teoritik merupakan satu jalan bagi politik hukum nasional untuk membentuk hukum dalam kondisi bangsa Indonesia yang majemuk. Salah satu prinsip yang dijadikan tolak ukur teoritis dalam hal ini adalah bagaimana melakukan proses penyatuan hukum dalam masyarakat majemuk yang berupaya mempertahankan proses diferensiasi ekonomi syariah secara berkelanjutan.\u0000Kata kunci: Politik Hukum, Ekonomi Syariah, Kerangka Hukum, Indonesia","PeriodicalId":181611,"journal":{"name":"Lex Publica","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127735510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paradigm of Justice in Law Enforcement in the Philosophical Dimensions of Legal Positivism and Legal Realism","authors":"Boy Nurdin, Khayitjon Turdiev","doi":"10.58829/lp.8.2.2021.65-74","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58829/lp.8.2.2021.65-74","url":null,"abstract":"Legal positivism is widely embraced in modern law in almost all jurisdictions in the world, including in Southeast Asia and Central Asia. Legal positivism fully depends on how the sentence is written in the law, while legal realism uses the law only as a reference, and in principle, formal law should not hinder material justice. The methodology used is normative juridical and sociological juridical. The outline of the conclusion is that law enforcement must use the paradigm of thinking with the formulation of laws coupled with conscience in order to achieve the goal of law, namely justice, and schools of law or schools of law that are more appropriate for law enforcement in Indonesia today. is legal realism in addition to positivism. Adequate education and training are needed to change the paradigm of thinking from positivism to realism in order to achieve justice.\u0000Abstrak\u0000Positivisme hukum dipeluk secara luas dalam hukum modern di hampir seluruh yurisdiksi di dunia, termasuk di wilayah Asia Tenggara dan Asia Tengah. Positivisme hukum sepenuhnya bergantung kepada bagaimana bunyi kalimat yang tertulis dalam undang-undang, sementara realisme hukum menggunakan undang-undang hanya sebagai acuan saja, dan secara prinsip hukum formil tidak boleh menghalang-halangi keadilan materil. Metodologi yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif dan yuridis sosiologis. Garis besar kesimpulan adalah bahwa penegakan hukum harus menggunakan paradigma berpikir dengan rumusan undang-undang yang dibarengi dengan hati nurani agar tercapai tujuan dari hukum yaitu keadilan (justice), dan mazhab atau aliran hukum yang lebih tepat digunakan ke dalam sebuah penegakan hukum di Indonesia saat ini adalah realisme hukum selain postivisme. Pendidikan dan pelatihan yang memadai sangat diperlukan untuk mengubah paradigma berpikir dari postivisme ke realisme dalam rangka menggapai keadilan.\u0000Kata kunci: Penegakan Hukum, Positivisme Hukum, Realisme Hukum, Keadilan","PeriodicalId":181611,"journal":{"name":"Lex Publica","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126613449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Legality of Artificial Intelligence (AI) Technology in Public Service Transformation: Possibilities and Challenges","authors":"Siti Mariyam, Setiyowati Setiyowati","doi":"10.58829/lp.8.2.2021.75-88","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58829/lp.8.2.2021.75-88","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study is to analyze and formulate transformation policies in public services based on the use of information technology in the 5.0 era. This research is normative juridical research, with the empirical, case, and conceptual approaches, secondary data-based data sources analyzed by descriptive analysis. The results of the study show that the use of technology in the 5.0 era is relevant is Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology; this technology can be used in the context of public services in the cash transfer sector and also in services in the security sector, in the public service sector in the context of providing cash assistance. AI technology is used to process and analyze beneficiary data, and in the security sector, AI technology can be used to predict crime and recommend the presence of security forces. AI can also be used to detect faces where AI can guarantee greater accuracy than humans in face and time police officers. The use of AI in the context of public services has had an impact, namely in the form of a reduction in the role of humans in public services, in addition to placing AI at the forefront of public services, making public service interactions no longer person to person but the person to machine. The challenge of using AI in the public service sector is the very minimal readiness to operationalize the use of AI by the government.  Abstrak\u0000Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis dan merumuskan kebijakan transformasi dalam pelayanan publik berbasis pemanfaatan teknologi informasi di era 5.0. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian yuridis normatif, dengan pendekatan empiris, kasus dan konseptual, berdasarkan sumber data sekunder yang dianalisis dengan metode analisis deskriptif. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa pemanfaatan teknologi di era 5.0 yang relevan adalah teknologi Artificial Intelligence (AI), teknologi ini dapat digunakan dalam konteks pelayanan publik di bidang transfer tunai dan juga dalam pelayanan di bidang keamanan. , di bidang pelayanan publik dalam rangka pemberian bantuan tunai. Teknologi AI digunakan untuk mengolah dan menganalisis data penerima manfaat dan pada bidang keamanan teknologi AI dapat digunakan untuk memprediksi kejahatan dan merekomendasikan keberadaan aparat keamanan selain AI juga dapat digunakan untuk mendeteksi wajah dimana AI dapat menjamin akurasi yang lebih besar dari manusia dalam menghadapi dan petugas polisi waktu. penggunaan AI dalam konteks pelayanan publik telah memberikan dampak yaitu berupa pengurangan peran manusia dalam pelayanan publik, selain menempatkan AI sebagai garda terdepan dalam pelayanan publik, membuat interaksi pelayanan publik tidak lagi bersifat personal. ke orang tetapi orang ke mesin. tantangan penggunaan AI di sektor pelayanan publik adalah kesiapan yang sangat minim untuk mengoperasionalkan penggunaan AI oleh pemerintah.\u0000Kata kunci: Kecerdasan buatan, Pelayanan public, Penggunaan Teknologi Informasi","PeriodicalId":181611,"journal":{"name":"Lex Publica","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131236138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Legal Heuristic Approach in Judicial Practice","authors":"Muhammad Syarifuddin","doi":"10.58829/lp.8.2.2021.1-13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58829/lp.8.2.2021.1-13","url":null,"abstract":"Reform in the legal field in the form of law enforcement in a principled manner is one of the main pillars of the demands for law reform in Indonesia. Law reform was launched almost two decades ago with the hope that the rule of law being enforced sustainably. However, the last and highest milestone in law enforcement of judges and court decisions still needs to be addressed. In many cases, court decisions are deemed not in accordance with the public’s sense of justice. In this regard, the emergence of Supreme Court Regulation (Peraturan Mahkamah Agung) No. 1 of 2020) had institutionally marked legal reform in law enforcement and judiciary practice. This article explores the legal heuristic approach in law reform in Indonesia and how its application can benefit judicial practice. In order to produce good, fair, and correct decisions characterized by scientifically justifiable principles so that they can be accepted by all parties involved in a legal dispute, judges, prosecutors, and lawyers need to have adequate knowledge and skills about the paradigm of law that sees law as a multi-faceted entity, covering legal and non-legal aspects that affect the process of normalizing, enforcing and reforming laws to realize legal certainty, justice and purposiveness principles to all levels of society.\u0000Abstrak\u0000Reformasi di bidang hukum berupa penegakan hukum secara berprinsip merupakan salah satu pilar utama tuntutan reformasi hukum di Indonesia. Reformasi hukum dicanangkan hampir dua dekade lalu dengan harapan agar supremasi hukum ditegakkan secara berkelanjutan. Namun, tonggak terakhir dan tertinggi dalam penegakan hukum hakim dan putusan pengadilan masih perlu dibenahi. Dalam banyak kasus, putusan pengadilan dianggap tidak sesuai dengan rasa keadilan masyarakat. Dalam kaitan ini, kemunculan Peraturan Mahkamah Agung No. 1 Tahun 2020 telah secara kelembagaan menandai reformasi hukum dalam praktik penegakan hukum dan peradilan. Artikel ini mengeksplorasi pendekatan heuristik hukum dalam reformasi hukum di Indonesia dan bagaimana penerapannya dapat bermanfaat bagi praktik peradilan. Untuk menghasilkan putusan yang baik, adil, dan benar yang bercirikan asas-asas yang dapat dipertanggungjawabkan secara ilmiah sehingga dapat diterima oleh semua pihak yang terlibat dalam suatu sengketa hukum, maka hakim, jaksa, dan advokat perlu memiliki pengetahuan dan keterampilan yang memadai tentang paradigma hukum yang berlaku memandang hukum sebagai suatu entitas multidimensi, meliputi aspek hukum dan nonhukum yang mempengaruhi proses normalisasi, penegakan, dan pembaruan hukum untuk mewujudkan asas kepastian hukum, keadilan, dan kebermanfaatan bagi seluruh lapisan masyarakat.\u0000Kata kunci: Heuristik Hukum, Praktik Peradilan Modern, Antikorupsi, UU Pemberantasan Korupsi","PeriodicalId":181611,"journal":{"name":"Lex Publica","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129990219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Environmental Law and International Conventions in Mitigating Climate Change Effects on Food System and Livestock Production","authors":"Amtul Chowdhury, Mohammad Belayet Hossain","doi":"10.58829/lp.8.2.2021.14-28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58829/lp.8.2.2021.14-28","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change nowadays is a global threat that is driven by human-induced greenhouse gas emissions and the changeable pattern of global weather. Though there have been previous periods of climatic change since the mid-20th century, humans have had an unprecedented impact on earth’s climate system and caused change on a global scale. Consequently, this is affecting the whole food system throughout the world. The utilization of the international legal framework and protocols will have an impact on the human’s food system and livestock production. This paper intends to focus on using legal frameworks and protocols to erase the impact of climate change on the food system and livestock production. By using the quantitative research method due to the pandemic situation, this study will explain the broad uses of the Kyoto protocol and Polluter Pays Principle and shall discuss various methods that will help these principles to erase the negative impact of climate change globally. Based on the findings, this paper provides recommendations that could be considered by the developed country to use the legal and social protocols for improving the impact of climate change on the food chain system of humans and livestock production.\u0000Abstrak\u0000Perubahan iklim saat ini merupakan ancaman global yang didorong oleh emisi gas rumah kaca yang disebabkan oleh manusia dan perubahan pola cuaca global. Meskipun telah terjadi periode perubahan iklim sebelumnya, sejak pertengahan abad ke-20 manusia telah memberikan dampak yang belum pernah terjadi sebelumnya pada sistem iklim Bumi dan menyebabkan perubahan dalam skala global. Akibatnya, ini mempengaruhi seluruh sistem pangan di seluruh dunia. Pemanfaatan kerangka hukum dan protokol internasional akan berdampak pada sistem pangan manusia dan produksi ternak. Makalah ini bermaksud untuk fokus pada pemanfaatan kerangka hukum dan protokol untuk menghapus dampak perubahan iklim terhadap sistem pangan dan produksi ternak. Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian kuantitatif karena situasi pandemi, penelitian ini akan menjelaskan penggunaan yang lebih luas dari protokol Kyoto, Polluter Pays Principle dan akan membahas berbagai metode yang akan membantu prinsip-prinsip ini untuk menghapus dampak negatif perubahan iklim secara global. Berdasarkan temuan makalah ini memberikan rekomendasi yang dapat dipertimbangkan oleh negara maju untuk menggunakan protokol hukum dan sosial untuk meningkatkan dampak perubahan iklim sistem rantai makanan manusia dan produksi ternak.\u0000Kata kunci: Perubahan iklim, Emisi rumah kaca, Produksi ternak, Protokol Kyoto, Prinsip pencemar membayar","PeriodicalId":181611,"journal":{"name":"Lex Publica","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133464910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing the Implementation of Beneficial Ownership in Transfer Pricing in Taxes as a Corporate Crime","authors":"A. Kamilah, Md. Zubair Kasem Khan","doi":"10.58829/lp.8.2.2021.47-64","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58829/lp.8.2.2021.47-64","url":null,"abstract":"Tax is a source of state revenue that plays a major role in financing all state expenditures, including financing national development. The absence of counter-performance that the taxpayer can directly accept is one of the causes of tax crimes committed by corporations through transfer pricing practices, which are difficult to hold accountable, so it is necessary to optimize the application of the principle of Beneficial ownership (BO). The aim of this research is to examine the factors that cause transfer pricing as a form of corporate crime, the application of Beneficial ownership principles in the field of taxation, and the obstacles encountered in implementing Beneficial ownership in the field of taxation along with the solutions. The method is a normative juridical approach, descriptive-analytical research specifications, data types, and sources are derived from secondary data through the support of primary legal materials, secondary legal materials, and tertiary legal materials, and data analysis is carried out qualitatively. The results of the study explain that transfer pricing is a corporate crime that is supported by the use of earnings management, the use of opportunities for special relationships, the support of political connections, and thin capitalization. The application of the principle of Beneficial ownership in the field of taxation means that owners are entitled to enjoy income in the form of dividends, interest and/or royalties, which both individual and corporate taxpayers receive. The obstacles faced in implementing BO in the field of taxation are the weak update of information on Beneficial owners and their changes and partial and sectoral regulations.\u0000Abstrak\u0000Pajak merupakan salah satu sumber pendapatan negara yang berperan besar dalam membiayai semua pengeluaran negara termasuk membiayai pembangunan nasional. Tidak adanya kontra prestasi yang langsung dapat diterima wajib pajak menjadi salah satu penyebab terjadinya kejahatan di bidang perpajakan yang dilakukan korporasi melalui praktik transfer pricing, yang sulit untuk dimintai pertanggungjawabannya sehingga perlu dioptimalkan penerapan prinsip Beneficial ownership (BO). Tujuan penelitian untuk mengkaji faktor-faktor penyebab terjadinya transfer pricing sebagai bentuk kejahatan korporasi, penerapan prinsip Beneficial ownership di bidang perpajakan dan kendala yang dihadapi dalam menerapkan Beneficial ownership di bidang perpajakan disertai solusinya. Metode pendekatan yuridis normatif, spesifikasi penelitian deskriptif analisis, jenis dan sumber data berasal dari data sekunder melalui dukungan bahan hukum primer, bahan hukum sekunder, dan bahan hukum tersier, dan analisis data dilakukan secara kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menjelaskan bahwa transfer pricing merupakan kejahatan korporasi yang didukung pemanfaatan manajemen laba, pemanfaatan peluang hubungan istimewa, dukungan political connection dan thin capitalization. Penerapan prinsip Beneficial ownership di bidang p","PeriodicalId":181611,"journal":{"name":"Lex Publica","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123624511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Juridical and Sociological Foundations of Institutionalizing Sharia Economics in Indonesia","authors":"Amran Suadi","doi":"10.58829/lp.8.2.2021.29-46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58829/lp.8.2.2021.29-46","url":null,"abstract":"Throughout the history of Islamic economics, economic freedom has been guaranteed by various traditions of society and by its legal system. In Indonesia, the concept of Islamic economics was born in the 1980s but was introduced to the public in 1991 when Bank Muamalat Indonesia was established, which was then followed by other financial institutions. Discussions on the future prospects of the Islamic economy in Indonesia should ideally begin by placing the legal basis as formal legality. Starting from Law No. 7 of 1992 concerning Banking, Government Regulation No. 72 of 1992 concerning Banks Based on Profit Sharing Principles, Law No. 10 of 1998 concerning Amendments to Law No. 7 of 1992 concerning Banking, then strengthened through Law No. 23 of 1999 concerning Bank Indonesia (BI), until the promulgation of Law No. 21 of 2008 concerning Sharia Banking, it seems very clear that the sharia economic system, especially in the banking system in Indonesia, already has legal legitimacy and legal certainty in a formal juridical manner. The sociological foundation of sharia economics in Indonesia can be seen from the community’s support and the development of sharia economics in Indonesia. The main reason that causes Islamic bank customers to become conventional bank customers still is rational reasons in the ease of financial transactions. They hope that the network of Islamic banks can be expanded and that Islamic banks can improve services and products that can accommodate their needs in financial transactions. Paying attention to this, in fact, the prospects for the Islamic economy are very promising in the future. From the description above, it can be understood that the future prospects of the Islamic economy in Indonesia are very bright and promising, both in the context of the juridical basis and in the context of its philosophical foundation.\u0000Abstrak\u0000Sepanjang sejarah ekonomi Islam, kebebasan ekonomi telah dijamin oleh berbagai tradisi masyarakat dan sistem hukumnya. Di Indonesia, konsep ekonomi Islam lahir pada tahun 1980-an namun diperkenalkan ke masyarakat pada tahun 1991 ketika Bank Muamalat Indonesia didirikan yang kemudian diikuti oleh lembaga keuangan lainnya. Pembahasan prospek ekonomi syariah di Indonesia ke depan idealnya dimulai dengan menempatkan landasan hukum sebagai legalitas formal. Berawal dari Undang-Undang No. 7 Tahun 1992 tentang Perbankan, Peraturan Pemerintah No. 72 Tahun 1992 tentang Bank Berdasarkan Prinsip Bagi Hasil, Undang-Undang No. 10 Tahun 1998 tentang Perubahan atas Undang-Undang No. 7 Tahun 1992 tentang Perbankan, kemudian diperkuat melalui Undang-Undang No. 23 Tahun 1999 tentang BI , sampai dengan diundangkannya Undang-Undang No. 21 Tahun 2008 tentang Perbankan Syariah, nampak sangat jelas bahwa sistem ekonomi syariah khususnya pada sistem perbankan di Indonesia sudah memiliki legitimasi hukum dan kepastian hukum secara yuridis formal. Landasan sosiologis ekonomi syariah di Indonesia dapat dilihat dari dukungan m","PeriodicalId":181611,"journal":{"name":"Lex Publica","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133615141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bangladeshi Migrant Workers’ Rights on the Front-lines of Covid-19 Epidemic: A Socio-legal Approach of Kafala System in Gulf Corporation Council (GCC) Countries","authors":"Fatema Anowara, Mohammad Belayet Hossain","doi":"10.58829/lp.8.1.2021.15-30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58829/lp.8.1.2021.15-30","url":null,"abstract":"The global shutdown resulting from the Covid-19 pandemic led the manpower industry to go through the toughest time in its history. As a result, Bangladeshi workers, on whom the wheel of the economy of Bangladesh is heavily dependent, are facing racism and systematic abuse of human rights across the Gulf Corporation Council (GCC) countries. Even prior to the pandemic, they were either exploited or not provided the working conditions and remunerations that they were promised. In this context, this study focuses to address the violation of human rights of migrant workers, including their families, due to the after-effect of Covid-19 epidemic and identifying the barriers they are facing in GCC countries. Using qualitative research method, this study will explore whether there is any legal solution for those migrant workers and their families and what sorts of rights need to be protected under National and International laws. In addition, this study will also focus on the responsibilities of their home and host states to fulfill them. Based on the findings, this study will provide various recommendations that could be considered by the Government of Bangladesh either by building skilled workers or by improving the enforcement of existing legislation or by bilateral investment treaties (BITs) with the Gulf State.\u0000Abstrak\u0000Shutdown global akibat pandemi Covid-19 membuat industri tenaga kerja mengalami masa terberat dalam sejarahnya. Akibatnya, pekerja Bangladesh, yang sangat bergantung pada roda ekonomi Bangladesh, menghadapi rasisme dan pelanggaran hak asasi manusia secara sistematis di seluruh negara Dewan Perusahaan Teluk (Gulf Corporation Council/GCC). Bahkan sebelum pandemi mereka dieksploitasi atau tidak diberikan kondisi kerja dan remunerasi yang dijanjikan. Dalam konteks ini, studi ini berfokus pada penanganan pelanggaran hak asasi pekerja migran termasuk keluarganya akibat dampak lanjutan dari epidemi Covid-19 dan untuk mengidentifikasi hambatan yang mereka hadapi di negara-negara GCC. Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif, penelitian ini akan mengeksplorasi apakah ada solusi hukum bagi para pekerja migran dan keluarganya, dan hak-hak apa yang perlu dilindungi berdasarkan hukum Nasional dan Internasional. Selain itu, studi ini juga akan fokus pada tanggung jawab negara asal dan tuan rumah mereka untuk memenuhinya. Berdasarkan temuan tersebut, studi ini akan memberikan berbagai rekomendasi yang dapat dipertimbangkan oleh Pemerintah Bangladesh baik dengan membangun pekerja terampil atau dengan meningkatkan penegakan undang-undang yang ada atau dengan perjanjian investasi bilateral (bilateral investment treaties/BIT) dengan Negara Teluk.\u0000Kata kunci: Pekerja Migran, Covid-19, Migran Domestik atau Ilegal, Sistem Kafala, Pelanggaran Hak","PeriodicalId":181611,"journal":{"name":"Lex Publica","volume":"103 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122457204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Legal Norms and Principles of Decentralization of Authorities in Handling the Covid-19 Pandemic","authors":"I. Wahyuni, M. K. Huda","doi":"10.58829/lp.8.1.2021.31-50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58829/lp.8.1.2021.31-50","url":null,"abstract":"Covid-19 is a virus originating from Wuhan, China, which has spread throughout almost the world. In Indonesia, the virus spread began on March 2, 2020, allegedly starting from an Indonesian citizen who had direct contact with a foreign citizen from Japan. Over time, the spread of Covid-19 has experienced a significant increase. Due to the delay in anticipating and handling Covid-19 by the government, the government did not immediately determine the status of handling Covid-19, so the flow of coordination between the central government and regional governments became unclear in handling the substance, and technical aspects of Covid-19 in the Central Government and Regional governments experience overlapping authorities because there are arrangements in several laws that contradict each other and are not in harmony between the Central Government, Regional Governments and Duties and National Disaster Management Agency (Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana/BNPB) so as to allow for the handling of the Covid-19 disaster. Thus, it is important to study whether the government’s authority central and regional governments under the control of Covid-19 have been and are in accordance with the structure, duties, functions, as well as applicable regulations and the extent to which the consequences are due to the overlapping of central and regional authorities in the grip of the Covid-19 pandemic and how to deal with it. The legal responsibility of the Central and Regional Governments due to the slow handling of Covid-19.\u0000Abstrak\u0000Covid-19 merupakan virus yang berasal dari Wuhan, China yang menyebar di hampir seluruh dunia Di Indonesia Penyebaran virus ini dimulai sejak tanggal 02 Maret 2020, diduga berawal dari salah satu warga negara Indonesia yang melakukan kontak langsung dengan warga negara asing yang berasal dari Jepang. Seiring dengan berjalannya waktu, penyebaran Covid-19 telah mengalami peningkatan yang signifikan. Meningkatnya kasus Covid-19 salah satunya disebabkan Karena adanya Keterlambatan antisipasi dan penanganan Covid-19 oleh pemerintah, pemerintah tidak segera menentukan status penanganan Covid-19 sehingga alur koordinasi antara pemerintah pusat dan pemerintah daerah menjadi tidak jelas Dalam penanganan substansi dan teknis Covid-19 di lapangan Pemerintah Pusat dan pemerintah daerah mengalami tumpang tindih kewenangan karena ada pengaturan di dalam beberapa Undang- Undang yang saling bertolak belakang dan tidak harmoni antara Pemerintah Pusat, Pemerintah daerah dan gugus Tugas serta Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana (BNPB) sehingga berpotensi memperpanjang birokrasi penanggulangan bencana Covid-19. Dengan demikian, penting untuk dikaji adalah Apakah kewenangan pemerintah pusat dan daerah dalam menangani Covid-19 telah efektif dan sesuai dengan struktur, tugas, fungsi, serta peraturan-peraturan yang berlaku serta Sejauh mana akibat yang ditimbulkan karena adanya Tumpah Tindih kewenangan Pusat dan daerah dalam menangani Pandemi Covid-19 dan","PeriodicalId":181611,"journal":{"name":"Lex Publica","volume":"59 3‐4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120855296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Constitutional Law During the Covid-19 Pandemic in a Juridical Perspective: Challenges and Strategies","authors":"Wadhah Ghassan Abdulqader, M. N. B. A. Assalmani","doi":"10.58829/lp.8.1.2021.51-61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58829/lp.8.1.2021.51-61","url":null,"abstract":"The phenomenon of the significant development of Covid-19 is increasingly causing unrest in the community because of its impact on the community's economy. Seeing the circumstances and situations caused by the Covid-19 pandemic, in fact, the implementation of emergency law by issuing an emergency law is carried out by incorporating substances regarding the handling of the Covid-19 pandemic in a comprehensive manner. Various safeguards are carried out in each country with different policy implementations. Then addressing the problems caused, especially in the economic aspect and information related to the Covid-19 pandemic, is necessary to do this firmly. This research uses a normative juridical type of research. Normative juridical writing is library research through secondary materials. This study uses a statutory approach, a conceptual approach, and a comparative approach. Source of data as research reference using literature study. The results of the study conclude that it is necessary to adjust various regulations or laws that regulate emergencies with efficient constitutional law doctrine. In addition to the application of emergency constitutional law, legal aspects must be enforced. In this case, aspects of law formation, law application, and law enforcement in a pandemic situation can run optimally, and all elements, including the community, take part in helping to break the chain of the spread of the Covid-19 pandemic by looking at aspects health, economy, and social welfare.\u0000Abstrak\u0000Fenomena perkembangan signifikan Covid-19 ini tentunya semakin menimbulkan keresahan di masyarakat karena berdampak pada perekonomian masyarakat. Melihat keadaan dan situasi yang ditimbulkan oleh pandemi Covid-19, sebenarnya penerapan undang-undang darurat dengan mengeluarkan undang-undang darurat dilakukan dengan memasukkan substansi-substansi mengenai penanganan pandemi Covid-19 secara komprehensif. Berbagai safeguards dilakukan di setiap negara dengan implementasi kebijakan yang berbeda. Kemudian menyikapi permasalahan yang ditimbulkan, khususnya dalam aspek ekonomi dan informasi terkait pandemi Covid-19, perlu dilakukan secara tegas. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian yuridis normatif. Penulisan yuridis normatif merupakan penelitian kepustakaan melalui bahan sekunder. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan, pendekatan konseptual, dan pendekatan komparatif. Sumber data sebagai referensi penelitian menggunakan studi literatur. Hasil kajian menyimpulkan bahwa perlu penyesuaian berbagai peraturan atau undang-undang yang mengatur keadaan darurat dengan doktrin hukum tata negara yang efisien. Selain penerapan undang-undang darurat, aspek hukum harus ditegakkan dalam hal ini aspek pembentukan undang-undang, penerapan undang-undang dan penegakan hukum dalam situasi pandemi dapat berjalan secara optimal dan semua elemen termasuk masyarakat turut serta membantu memutus mata rantai penyebaran pandemi Covid-19 dengan melihat aspek kesehatan","PeriodicalId":181611,"journal":{"name":"Lex Publica","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125300220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}