Lex Publica最新文献

{"title":"Transformative Justice for Child Victims of Sexual Abuse: Legal Protection and Applications in Restorative Approaches","authors":"Hasnah Aziz, Putri Hafidati, Rotua Sagala","doi":"10.58829/lp.10.1.2023.165-190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58829/lp.10.1.2023.165-190","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Sexual violence, causing direct and indirect physical, psychological, and cultural harm, is considered a violation of human rights, especially when committed against children. This requires comprehensive intervention from families, the government, and society. The study theoretically examines transformative justice for child victims of sexual abuse. The research adopts a restorative justice approach, analyzing legal protection for the rights of child victims of sexual violence under various Indonesian regulations and assessing the application of restorative justice models. This study utilizes a normative juridical approach and employs a descriptive-analytical legal research specification. The results indicate that existing legislation, such as Law No. 35/2014 on Child Protection and Law No. 12/2022 on Sexual Violence Crimes, can protect and fulfill the rights of child victims without discrimination. Furthermore, the application of restorative justice in the context of legal protection for the rights of child victims of violence can be seen as a representation of transformative justice through various criminal justice mechanisms. Restorative justice models, such as Family Group Conferencing, Circles of Support and Accountability, Victim-Offender Mediation, Community Conferencing, and Therapeutic Jurisprudence, play a crucial role in shaping effective responses and interventions for child victims of sexual abuse. This involves deepening shared responsibilities, including mediating, appointing community services for offenders, developing empathy groups and victim panels, facilitating dialogue, and fostering the offender’s apology to the victim and society, while increasing awareness among victims. Keywords: Sexual violence, Human rights violation, Restorative justice, Child protection, Legal analysis Abstrak. Kekerasan seksual, yang menyebabkan kerugian fisik, psikologis, dan budaya secara langsung maupun tidak langsung, dianggap sebagai pelanggaran hak asasi manusia, terutama saat terjadi terhadap anak-anak. Hal ini memerlukan intervensi komprehensif dari keluarga, pemerintah, dan masyarakat. Studi ini secara teoritis mengkaji keadilan transformatif bagi korban kekerasan seksual anak. Penelitian ini mengadopsi pendekatan keadilan restoratif, menganalisis perlindungan hukum untuk hak-hak korban kekerasan seksual anak di bawah berbagai peraturan Indonesia, dan menilai penerapan model keadilan restoratif. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif dan menerapkan spesifikasi penelitian hukum deskriptif-analitis. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa undang-undang yang ada, seperti Undang-Undang Nomor 35/2014 tentang Perlindungan Anak dan Undang-Undang Nomor 12/2022 tentang Kejahatan Kekerasan Seksual, dapat melindungi dan memenuhi hak-hak korban anak tanpa diskriminasi. Selain itu, penerapan keadilan restoratif dalam konteks perlindungan hukum bagi hak-hak korban kekerasan anak dapat dilihat sebagai representasi keadilan transformatif melalu","PeriodicalId":181611,"journal":{"name":"Lex Publica","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139366432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Land Use Policies and Tenure in Economic Liberalization Regime: Land Law in Agro-Industrial Context","authors":"Aris Yulia, Fatma Ayu Jati Putri, Erna Wati","doi":"10.58829/lp.10.1.2023.14-27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58829/lp.10.1.2023.14-27","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The Basic Agrarian Law (BAL) in Indonesia serves as the constitutional foundation for ensuring state control over land, water, and natural resources for the collective welfare of its people. However, the growth of capitalism and the free-market system has had a significant impact on land tenure and utilization by corporations in the country. This paper explores the consequences of economic liberalization, the role of foreign investment, and the resulting disparities between large corporations and local communities in land ownership. It also delves into the need for a balanced legal framework that prioritizes social justice, with a focus on equitable land use that benefits both industries and the broader community. The study adopts a socio-legal research approach to comprehend the practical implications of legal systems in society. By highlighting the interconnectedness of land, humanity, and the divine, and emphasizing Pancasila principles, the findings propose strategies to achieve a harmonious balance between corporate interests and community welfare.   Abstrak. Undang-Undang Pokok Agraria di Indonesia memiliki peran penting sebagai landasan konstitusional untuk memastikan penguasaan negara terhadap tanah, air, dan sumber daya alam demi kesejahteraan bersama rakyatnya. Namun, perkembangan kapitalisme dan sistem pasar bebas telah memberikan dampak yang signifikan terhadap penguasaan dan pemanfaatan tanah oleh perusahaan di negara ini. Tulisan ini menjelajahi akibat dari liberalisasi ekonomi, peran investasi asing, serta kesenjangan yang muncul antara perusahaan besar dan komunitas lokal dalam kepemilikan tanah. Selain itu, kami juga akan menggali tentang perlunya kerangka hukum yang seimbang dengan fokus pada keadilan sosial, dan bagaimana pemanfaatan tanah yang adil dapat memberi manfaat bagi baik industri maupun masyarakat luas. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan sosial-legal untuk memahami dampak nyata dari sistem hukum dalam masyarakat. Dengan menyoroti keterkaitan antara tanah, kemanusiaan, dan hal yang Ilahi, serta menekankan prinsip-prinsip Pancasila, penelitian ini akan menyajikan strategi untuk mencapai keseimbangan harmonis antara kepentingan korporasi dan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Kata kunci: Hukum pertanahan, Tata guna lahan, Kepemilikan lahan, Liberalisasi ekonomi, Indonesia","PeriodicalId":181611,"journal":{"name":"Lex Publica","volume":"201 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139367355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Foreign Ownership Control and the Bilateral Investment Treaties in South Asian Countries","authors":"Mohammad Hossain, Haitham Mohammed","doi":"10.58829/lp.10.1.2023.101-122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58829/lp.10.1.2023.101-122","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. In absence of any global treaty, the Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs) are playing an important role of regulating foreign investments in the host countries. According to the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, there are 2361 bilateral investment treaties are in force and like other members of the World Trade Organization Bangladesh also signed bilateral investment treaties to facilitate trade. The primary purpose of economic globalization is the economic development of the developing and least-developed countries as well as to facilitate benefits of the home states. Bangladesh foreign investment laws and bilateral investment treaties mainly protects foreign investors, however, neither of them has any specific provision of controlling foreign ownership. This paper addresses two questions: (a) Do the bilateral investment treaties of Bangladesh allow the host state to control foreign ownership? (b) Should the foreign ownership be controlled during the entry of foreign direct investment in Bangladesh? Using doctrinal research method, we critically analyzed 15 bilateral investment treaties to explore whether there is any reference of controlling foreign ownership in Bangladesh. We find that the existing Bangladesh bilateral investment treaties has provisions to promote and protect foreign investments but has no reference of controlling foreign ownership, therefore, the government of Bangladesh should consider this important factor while signing any future bilateral investment treaties. Abstrak. Dalam ketiadaan perjanjian global tertentu, Perjanjian Investasi Bilateral memainkan peran penting dalam mengatur investasi asing di negara tuan rumah. Menurut Konferensi Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa tentang Perdagangan dan Pembangunan, saat ini terdapat 2361 perjanjian investasi bilateral yang berlaku, dan seperti anggota lain Organisasi Perdagangan Dunia, Bangladesh juga telah menandatangani perjanjian investasi bilateral untuk memfasilitasi perdagangan. Tujuan utama dari globalisasi ekonomi adalah pengembangan ekonomi bagi negara-negara berkembang dan yang paling kurang berkembang serta memfasilitasi manfaat bagi negara asal. Hukum investasi asing dan perjanjian investasi bilateral Bangladesh pada dasarnya melindungi investor asing, namun keduanya tidak memiliki ketentuan khusus untuk mengendalikan kepemilikan asing. Makalah ini mengangkat dua pertanyaan: (a) Apakah perjanjian investasi bilateral Bangladesh memungkinkan negara tuan rumah mengendalikan kepemilikan asing? (b) Haruskah kepemilikan asing dikendalikan selama masuknya investasi langsung asing di Bangladesh? Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian doktrinal, kami secara kritis menganalisis 15 perjanjian investasi bilateral untuk mengeksplorasi apakah terdapat referensi pengendalian kepemilikan asing di Bangladesh. Kami menemukan bahwa perjanjian investasi bilateral Bangladesh yang ada memiliki ketentuan untuk mempromosikan dan melindungi investasi asing tetapi tidak memilik","PeriodicalId":181611,"journal":{"name":"Lex Publica","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139367413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethical and Legal Concerns of Artificial Intelligence in the Workplace: Examining Current Legislations in the United States","authors":"Tri Rudiyanto, Halley Kunda, Amy Dunn, Sharon Shenderovskiy, Rondarrius Gibson","doi":"10.58829/lp.10.1.2023.84-100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58829/lp.10.1.2023.84-100","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The emergence of remote work prompted by the global Covid-19 pandemic has transformed workplace dynamics, highlighting intricate concerns about employee privacy and autonomy. However, the rise of algorithmic management driven by artificial intelligence (AI) challenges the assumed privacy in remote work settings. This paper examines the ethical and legal landscape of AI-powered employee monitoring in the United States. It employs a mixed-methods approach, incorporating literature review, case analysis, legal examination, and ethical analysis. Past cases reveal the complex interaction between personal privacy and employer surveillance, offering insights for current and future legal actions. Current legislation, including the Electronic Communications Privacy Act (ECPA), is explored, along with state-specific laws and their implications. Ethical concerns encompass biometric data tracking, discriminatory biases, and gig economy surveillance. AI’s impact on employee behavior and future implications are discussed, suggesting the need for balanced policies that prioritize transparency, fairness, accountability, and trust. In navigating the challenges of AI-powered monitoring, organizations should consider ethical considerations, existing legislation, and future trends to create a harmonious work environment that respects individual rights. Abstrak. Munculnya kerja jarak jauh yang dipicu oleh pandemi global Covid-19 telah mengubah dinamika tempat kerja, menyoroti keprihatinan rumit tentang privasi dan otonomi karyawan. Namun, munculnya manajemen berbasis algoritma yang digerakkan oleh kecerdasan buatan (AI) menantang privasi yang diasumsikan dalam pengaturan kerja jarak jauh. Makalah ini mengkaji lanskap etika dan hukum dari pemantauan karyawan yang didukung oleh AI di Amerika Serikat. Ini menggunakan pendekatan metode campuran, menggabungkan tinjauan pustaka, analisis kasus, pemeriksaan hukum, dan analisis etika. Kasus-kasus masa lalu mengungkapkan interaksi kompleks antara privasi pribadi dan pengawasan oleh pemberi kerja, memberikan wawasan untuk tindakan hukum saat ini dan masa depan. Undang-undang saat ini, termasuk Undang-Undang Privasi Komunikasi Elektronik (ECPA), dieksplorasi, bersama dengan undang-undang khusus negara dan implikasinya. Keprihatinan etika meliputi pelacakan data biometrik, bias diskriminatif, dan pengawasan ekonomi tumpahan. Dampak AI pada perilaku karyawan dan implikasi masa depan dibahas, menunjukkan perlunya kebijakan yang seimbang yang mengutamakan transparansi, keadilan, akuntabilitas, dan kepercayaan. Saat mengatasi tantangan pemantauan yang didukung oleh AI, organisasi harus mempertimbangkan pertimbangan etika, undang-undang yang ada, dan tren masa depan untuk menciptakan lingkungan kerja yang harmonis yang menghormati hak individu. Kata kunci: Manajemen algoritmik, Pemantauan karyawan yang didukung AI, Privasi, Legalitas, Masalah etika","PeriodicalId":181611,"journal":{"name":"Lex Publica","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139367550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Securing Consumer Rights: Ethical and Legal Measures against Advertisements that Violate Advertising Procedures","authors":"Dijan Widijowati, Sergiy Denysenko","doi":"10.58829/lp.10.1.2023.28-42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58829/lp.10.1.2023.28-42","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Advertising is an integral part of modern consumer culture, shaping consumer behavior and influencing purchasing decisions. However, concerns have arisen regarding advertisements that violate established advertising procedures, such as false claims, deceptive practices, and manipulative tactics. This paper explores the legal measures available to protect consumers from such advertisements and secure their rights. It emphasizes the importance of consumer rights in maintaining a fair marketplace and examines the consequences of advertising violations on consumer trust and decision-making. The research adopts a comprehensive methodology, combining normative and empirical juridical approaches, to analyze the existing legal framework and propose improvements. The study highlights the responsibilities of advertisers, advertising companies, and advertising media in ensuring compliance with ethical standards. It also discusses the implications of sanctions for violations and explores the resolution of consumer disputes through specialized bodies or the court system. The findings contribute to ongoing discussions on consumer protection in advertising and aim to foster a fair and transparent marketplace that respects consumers’ rights Keywords: Advertising procedures, consumer rights, misleading advertisements, legal measures Abstrak. Periklanan merupakan bagian integral dari budaya konsumen modern, membentuk perilaku konsumen dan memengaruhi keputusan pembelian. Namun, muncul kekhawatiran mengenai iklan yang melanggar prosedur periklanan yang telah ditetapkan, seperti klaim palsu, praktik penipuan, dan taktik manipulatif. Makalah ini mengeksplorasi langkah-langkah hukum yang tersedia untuk melindungi konsumen dari iklan semacam itu dan mengamankan hak-hak mereka. Ini menekankan pentingnya hak-hak konsumen dalam menjaga pasar yang adil dan memeriksa konsekuensi dari pelanggaran iklan pada kepercayaan konsumen dan pengambilan keputusan. Penelitian ini mengadopsi metodologi yang komprehensif, menggabungkan pendekatan yuridis normatif dan empiris, untuk menganalisis kerangka hukum yang ada dan mengusulkan perbaikan. Studi ini menyoroti tanggung jawab pengiklan, perusahaan periklanan, dan media periklanan dalam memastikan kepatuhan terhadap standar etika. Dibahas pula implikasi sanksi atas pelanggaran dan pendalaman penyelesaian sengketa konsumen melalui badan khusus atau sistem pengadilan. Temuan berkontribusi pada diskusi berkelanjutan tentang perlindungan konsumen dalam periklanan dan bertujuan untuk mendorong pasar yang adil dan transparan yang menghormati hak-hak konsumen Kata kunci: Prosedur periklanan, hak konsumen, iklan yang menyesatkan, tindakan hukum","PeriodicalId":181611,"journal":{"name":"Lex Publica","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139367266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Grounds and Mechanisms for Judicial Review of Civil Cases in Indonesia: A Starting Point for Legal Clarity and Efficiency","authors":"Herri Swantoro","doi":"10.58829/lp.10.1.2023.191-214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58829/lp.10.1.2023.191-214","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. This research aims to examine how judicial review serves as a crucial instrument supporting the principles of justice and transparency in the Indonesian judicial system. Despite its intricate and legally nuanced processes, judicial review provides disputing parties with an avenue to advocate for their rights, ensuring that court decisions are grounded in truth and fairness. However, the flexibility inherent in the judicial system, particularly regarding the timeframe for filing judicial review, raises questions about the system’s effectiveness and efficiency. Ethical concerns surrounding the rights of eligible parties to file judicial review underscore the importance of safeguarding justice and upholding human rights within the judicial system. The research methodology employs a normative and juridical approach with descriptive analysis as the analytical technique. The findings delineate the legal framework underpinning judicial review in the context of civil cases in Indonesia. The filing and examination processes of judicial review cases, encompassing formal aspects and supplementary examination mechanisms, are scrutinized in detail. The research indicates that the civil judicial review system provides a legal foundation for involved parties. Nevertheless, the existence of a protracted timeframe and procedural complexities prompts considerations for enhancing legal clarity and effectiveness. In conclusion, the research emphasizes the urgency of clarifying regulations related to the deadline for submitting judicial review case files and the potential benefits of shortening this timeframe as a practical incentive. The implications of this research offer new perspectives on challenges and potential improvements within the civil judicial review system in Indonesia. Keywords: Judicial review, Indonesian judicial system, Legal framework, Civil cases, Legal clarity Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji bagaimana judicial review menjadi instrumen penting yang mendukung prinsip keadilan dan transparansi dalam sistem peradilan Indonesia. Meskipun prosesnya berbelit-belit dan bernuansa hukum, peninjauan kembali memberikan kesempatan kepada pihak-pihak yang bersengketa untuk melakukan advokasi atas hak-hak mereka, memastikan bahwa keputusan pengadilan didasarkan pada kebenaran dan keadilan. Namun, fleksibilitas yang melekat dalam sistem peradilan, khususnya mengenai jangka waktu pengajuan peninjauan kembali, menimbulkan pertanyaan mengenai efektivitas dan efisiensi sistem tersebut. Kekhawatiran etis seputar hak pihak-pihak yang memenuhi syarat untuk mengajukan peninjauan kembali menggarisbawahi pentingnya menjaga keadilan dan menegakkan hak asasi manusia dalam sistem peradilan. Metodologi penelitian menggunakan pendekatan normatif dan yuridis dengan teknik analisis deskriptif. Temuan-temuan ini menggambarkan kerangka hukum yang mendasari peninjauan kembali dalam konteks perkara perdata di Indonesia. Proses pengajuan dan pemeriksaan p","PeriodicalId":181611,"journal":{"name":"Lex Publica","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139366318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genocide: A Crime with Intent to Destroy in Whole or in Part","authors":"Md. Hasnath Kabir Fahim","doi":"10.58829/lp.10.1.2023.1-13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58829/lp.10.1.2023.1-13","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Like all other crimes, genocide has some common elements such as an actus reus and a corresponding mens rea. Moreover, another subjective element is also present in all crimes of genocide which is the “intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a […] group as such.” This is also referred to as “genocidal intent” and it indicates that the criminal liability of genocide does not merely rely on the completed result of the committed act but depends on the intention of the perpetrator to achieve. However, the threshold of this intention is not as high as the mens rea narrated in Article 30 of the ICC Statute. In addition, there is no requirement for the existence of any special extent of this intention. Indeed, Dolus eventualis is adequate to perform the actus reus as well as to establish the particular “intent to destroy […].” The theoretical criterion of The Draft Elements of Crimes is both inadmissible and unadvisable for limiting the criminal liability of genocide or the authority of the Court for trying such crimes Keywords: Genocide, Genocidal Intent, ICC Statute, Mens Rea, Holocaust Abstrak. Seperti semua kejahatan lainnya, genosida memiliki beberapa elemen umum seperti actus reus dan mens rea yang sesuai. Selain itu, unsur subyektif lainnya juga hadir dalam semua kejahatan genosida yaitu “niat untuk menghancurkan, seluruhnya atau sebagian, suatu […] kelompok itu sendiri.” Ini juga disebut sebagai “niat genosida” dan ini menunjukkan bahwa pertanggungjawaban pidana genosida tidak hanya bergantung pada hasil akhir dari tindakan yang dilakukan tetapi tergantung pada niat pelaku untuk mencapainya. Namun ambang batas niat ini tidak setinggi mens rea yang diriwayatkan dalam Pasal 30 Statuta ICC. Selain itu, tidak ada persyaratan untuk adanya tingkat khusus dari niat ini. Memang, Dolus eventualis cukup untuk melakukan actus reus serta untuk menetapkan niat untuk menghancurkan [...]” tertentu. Kriteria teoretis dari Rancangan Elemen Kejahatan tidak dapat diterima dan tidak disarankan untuk membatasi pertanggungjawaban pidana genosida atau otoritas Pengadilan untuk mengadili kejahatan semacam itu Kata kunci: Genosida, Niat Genosida, Statuta ICC, Mens Rea, Holocaust","PeriodicalId":181611,"journal":{"name":"Lex Publica","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139366607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Land Law Evolution and Investment Dynamics: Historical Perspective and Contemporary Development Nexus","authors":"B. F. Sihombing, Farhan Hamid","doi":"10.58829/lp.10.1.2023.66-83","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58829/lp.10.1.2023.66-83","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The enactment of Indonesia’s Job Creation Law in 2020, known as the Omnibus Law, marked a pivotal moment in the country’s pursuit of economic growth and legal reform, aiming to foster job opportunities and sustainable development while streamlining regulatory frameworks and attracting investments. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis that explores the law’s implications in comparison with historical policies such as the 1992 Deregulation Policy Package and the 1993 Deregulation Policy Package. Utilizing qualitative methodology, the research investigates economic impacts through a thorough review of legal documents, policy reports, scholarly articles, and relevant literature, employing thematic analysis to uncover recurrent themes and patterns. The study elucidates how these policies have shaped Indonesia’s economic landscape, highlighting their interplay and contribution to the nation’s ongoing economic trajectory, offering valuable insights into the intricate dynamics between legal reforms and economic development. Abstrak. Pemberlakuan Undang-Undang Cipta Kerja di Indonesia pada tahun 2020, yang dikenal sebagai Omnibus Law, menandai momen penting dalam upaya pertumbuhan ekonomi dan reformasi hukum negara tersebut, dengan tujuan menciptakan peluang kerja dan pembangunan berkelanjutan sambil menyederhanakan kerangka regulasi dan menarik investasi. Makalah ini menyajikan analisis komprehensif yang menjelajahi implikasi hukum ini dibandingkan dengan kebijakan historis seperti Paket Kebijakan Deregulasi 1992 dan Paket Kebijakan Deregulasi 1993. Dengan menggunakan metodologi kualitatif, penelitian ini menyelidiki dampak ekonomi melalui tinjauan mendalam terhadap dokumen hukum, laporan kebijakan, artikel ilmiah, dan literatur relevan, dengan menerapkan analisis tematik untuk mengungkapkan tema-tema dan pola-pola yang berulang. Studi ini menjelaskan bagaimana kebijakan-kebijakan ini telah membentuk lanskap ekonomi Indonesia, menyoroti interplay mereka dan kontribusi terhadap lintasan ekonomi negara, memberikan wawasan berharga tentang dinamika rumit antara reformasi hukum dan pembangunan ekonomi. Kata kunci: Undang-Undang Cipta Kerja, Dampak ekonomi, Reformasi hukum, Pembangunan berkelanjutan, Daya tarik investasi","PeriodicalId":181611,"journal":{"name":"Lex Publica","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139366268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Indonesian Domestic Workers in Taiwan: An International Migration and Workers Rights Perspective","authors":"U. Komarudin, Pitut Pramuji, Waluyo Handoko, Ida Irawati","doi":"10.58829/lp.10.1.2023.141-164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58829/lp.10.1.2023.141-164","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Migration has been a defining aspect of the Asian regional economy for decades. This research delves into the dynamics of Indonesian migrant workers in Taiwan, with a specific emphasis on comprehending the factors contributing to their increasing presence, the living and working conditions they encounter, and the level of legal protection provided by both Indonesia and Taiwan. Employing a combination of qualitative methods and adopting a descriptive analytical approach, the study examines the labor migration patterns and circumstances of Indonesian workers in Taiwan. The findings reveal that Indonesian domestic workers in Taiwan are driven by both “push and pull factors” and the contemporary economics of labor migration. Notably, these factors include better job opportunities and higher wages in Taiwan. However, despite their significant contributions to the host country's economy, both Indonesia and Taiwan fall short in upholding the rights of these workers according to international standards, such as ILO Convention No. 189 on Domestic Workers, adopted in 2011. Nevertheless, this research illustrates the unwavering determination of domestic workers in their quest for improved conditions and acknowledgment, as they collectively challenge discriminatory policies. These findings underscore the pressing need for legal protection, both nationally and in accordance with international conventions like ILO Convention No. 189, which would recognize the labor rights and dignity of domestic workers. Consequently, this study offers valuable insights into the complex landscape of labor migration and the essential role of protective measures in shaping the experiences of Indonesian workers in Taiwan. Keywords: Indonesian migrant workers, Labor migration, Taiwan, Migrant rights, Working conditions   Abstrak. Migrasi telah menjadi aspek yang mendefinisikan ekonomi regional Asia selama beberapa dekade. Penelitian ini menggali dinamika pekerja migran Indonesia di Taiwan, dengan penekanan khusus pada pemahaman terhadap faktor-faktor yang berkontribusi terhadap peningkatan kehadiran mereka, kondisi kehidupan dan kerja yang mereka alami, dan tingkat perlindungan hukum yang diberikan oleh Indonesia dan Taiwan. Dengan menggunakan kombinasi metode kualitatif dan mengadopsi pendekatan analitis deskriptif, penelitian ini mengkaji pola migrasi pekerja Indonesia di Taiwan. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa pekerja domestik Indonesia di Taiwan dipengaruhi oleh “faktor dorongan dan tarik” serta dinamika ekonomi migrasi tenaga kerja yang kontemporer. Secara mencolok, faktor-faktor ini mencakup peluang kerja yang lebih baik dan gaji yang lebih tinggi di Taiwan. Namun, meskipun kontribusi signifikan mereka terhadap ekonomi negara tuan rumah, baik Indonesia maupun Taiwan belum mampu menjaga hak-hak pekerja ini sesuai dengan standar internasional, seperti Konvensi ILO No. 189 tentang Pekerja Rumah Tangga, yang diadopsi pada tahun 2011. Namun demikian, penelitian ini mengilus","PeriodicalId":181611,"journal":{"name":"Lex Publica","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139366418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corporate Criminal Liability for Illegal Toxic and Hazardous Waste Dumping","authors":"Tofik Chandra, Bobur Sobirov","doi":"10.58829/lp.10.1.2023.123-140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58829/lp.10.1.2023.123-140","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Modern corporations and industries play a crucial role in global economic development. However, with rapid industrial growth, large-scale production, and intensive use of natural resources, humans have inadvertently created serious threats to the environmental balance. One of the most significant and damaging negative impacts is environmental pollution, specifically the problem of toxic hazardous material waste. The protection of communities from environmental crimes involves imposing criminal sanctions not only on individual legal subjects but also on corporate legal entities, a concept known as corporate criminal liability. The aim of this research is to analyze the manifestation of corporate criminal liability in cases involving the illegal disposal of hazardous toxic waste into the environment. Additionally, it seeks to examine the enforcement of corporate law in these instances. This research employs qualitative methods with a normative juridical approach. The legal sources used in this normative research include primary legal materials, secondary legal materials, and tertiary legal materials. The findings of this research suggest that the handling of corporate criminal acts, particularly in cases of hazardous toxic waste dumping, falls short of delivering complete justice due to obstacles in the investigation, prosecution, and the establishment of environmental impacts in the prosecution of corporate environmental crimes. Therefore, it is essential to consider the application of the doctrine of strict liability in cases of environmental pollution, especially in waste dumping incidents. The implementation of strict liability for corporations in the prosecution of environmental criminal acts, such as the dumping of toxic hazardous waste, eliminates the need to prove wrongdoing, whether intentional or negligent, including the motive behind the corporation’s actions. Keywords: Law, Corporation, Dumping, Waste, Toxic Hazardous Materials, Environment Abstrak. Perusahaan dan industri modern memainkan peran penting dalam pembangunan ekonomi global. Namun, dengan pertumbuhan industri yang pesat, produksi skala besar, dan penggunaan sumber daya alam yang intensif, manusia secara tidak sengaja telah menimbulkan ancaman serius terhadap keseimbangan lingkungan. Salah satu dampak negatif yang paling besar dan merusak adalah pencemaran lingkungan, khususnya masalah limbah bahan beracun dan berbahaya. Perlindungan masyarakat dari kejahatan lingkungan hidup meliputi pemberian sanksi pidana tidak hanya terhadap subjek hukum perseorangan tetapi juga terhadap badan hukum korporasi, suatu konsep yang dikenal dengan pertanggungjawaban pidana korporasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis wujud pertanggungjawaban pidana korporasi dalam kasus pembuangan limbah bahan beracun berbahaya ke lingkungan secara tidak sah. Selain itu, penelitian ini berupaya untuk memeriksa penegakan hukum perusahaan dalam kasus-kasus ini. Penelitian ini menggunakan me","PeriodicalId":181611,"journal":{"name":"Lex Publica","volume":"206 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139367562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}