Light-Science & Applications最新文献_第6页

High-throughput in situ single particle X-ray imaging of dehydrating viral capsids. 脱水病毒衣壳的高通量单粒子x射线原位成像。

Light-Science & Applications Pub Date : 2026-06-23 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-026-02262-0

Abhishek Mall,Anna Munke,Parichita Mazumder,Zhou Shen,Johan Bielecki,Juncheng E,Armando D Estillore,Chan Kim,Romain Letrun,Jannik Lübke,Safi Rafie-Zinedine,Adam Round,Ekaterina Round,Michael Rütten,Amit K Samanta,Abhisakh Sarma,Tokushi Sato,Florian Schulz,Carolin Seuring,Tamme Wollweber,Lena Worbs,Patrik Vagovic,Richard Bean,Adrian P Mancuso,Ne-Te Duane Loh,Tobias Beck,Jochen Küpper,Filipe R N C Maia,Henry N Chapman,Kartik Ayyer

{"title":"High-throughput in situ single particle X-ray imaging of dehydrating viral capsids.","authors":"Abhishek Mall,Anna Munke,Parichita Mazumder,Zhou Shen,Johan Bielecki,Juncheng E,Armando D Estillore,Chan Kim,Romain Letrun,Jannik Lübke,Safi Rafie-Zinedine,Adam Round,Ekaterina Round,Michael Rütten,Amit K Samanta,Abhisakh Sarma,Tokushi Sato,Florian Schulz,Carolin Seuring,Tamme Wollweber,Lena Worbs,Patrik Vagovic,Richard Bean,Adrian P Mancuso,Ne-Te Duane Loh,Tobias Beck,Jochen Küpper,Filipe R N C Maia,Henry N Chapman,Kartik Ayyer","doi":"10.1038/s41377-026-02262-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-026-02262-0","url":null,"abstract":"Single-stranded RNA viruses co-assemble their capsid with the genome, and variations in capsid structures can have significant functional relevance. In particular, viruses need to respond to a dehydrating environment to prevent genomic degradation and remain active upon rehydration. Theoretical work has predicted low-energy buckling transitions in icosahedral capsids, which could protect the virus from further dehydration. However, there has been no direct experimental evidence, nor a molecular mechanism, for such behavior. Here, we observe this transition using X-ray single particle imaging of MS2 bacteriophages after aerosolization. Using a combination of machine learning tools, we classify hundreds of thousands of single-particle diffraction patterns to learn the structural landscape of the capsid morphology as a function of time spent in the aerosol phase. We found a previously unreported compact conformation as well as intermediate structures that suggest an incoherent buckling transition that does not preserve icosahedral symmetry. Finally, we propose a mechanism for this buckling, where a single 19-residue loop is destabilized, leading to the large observed morphological change. Our results provide experimental evidence for a mechanism by which viral capsids may protect themselves from dehydration upon aerosolization. In the process, these findings also demonstrate the power of single-particle X-ray imaging and machine learning methods in studying biomolecular structural dynamics.","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148304941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

High-purity linearly polarized emission from a compact BIC laser. 紧凑型BIC激光器的高纯度线偏振发射。

Light-Science & Applications Pub Date : 2026-06-23 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-026-02322-5

Yifan Li,Wei Guo,Zihang Cui,Guozhen Liang,Zhongyang Li,Guoxing Zheng,Jin Tao,Zi-Lan Deng,Shaohua Yu,Yongquan Zeng

{"title":"High-purity linearly polarized emission from a compact BIC laser.","authors":"Yifan Li,Wei Guo,Zihang Cui,Guozhen Liang,Zhongyang Li,Guoxing Zheng,Jin Tao,Zi-Lan Deng,Shaohua Yu,Yongquan Zeng","doi":"10.1038/s41377-026-02322-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-026-02322-5","url":null,"abstract":"Bound states in the continuum (BICs) confer ultrahigh quality factors and, thus, enable low thresholds upon photonic crystal (PhC) lasers. However, BICs feature a momentum-space vectorial polarization vortex, posing a substantial obstacle in achieving high-purity polarized emission. Traditionally, polarization control of a PhC laser can be achieved through various symmetry perturbations. However, the emission suffers from low polarization purity due to the finite-size effect inherent in real laser systems. Achieving a high polarization purity in PhC laser emission without significantly sacrificing other performance metrics has thus been a persistent challenge. Here, we develop a dispersion-assisted polarization control strategy for monolithic polarization engineering of PhC laser emission. As a proof of concept, we have demonstrated a linearly-polarized emission from a compact quasi-BIC laser with a high polarization extinction ratio of ~300:1, while single-mode operation and high beam quality are well-maintained. Our work paves a way for efficient polarization tailoring of on-chip lasers. The resulting devices deliver a miniaturized polarization light source for applications across coherent optical communication, advanced display technology, and diverse precision measurements.","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148304890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Subambient daytime radiative cooling to mitigate haze-induced amplification of urban heat islands. 亚环境日间辐射冷却以减轻雾霾引起的城市热岛放大。

Light-Science & Applications Pub Date : 2026-06-23 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-026-02391-6

Minghao Dong,Qiuyu Chen,Zheng Zhang,Xiaodong Zhao,Peng Xiao,Zhen Chen

{"title":"Subambient daytime radiative cooling to mitigate haze-induced amplification of urban heat islands.","authors":"Minghao Dong,Qiuyu Chen,Zheng Zhang,Xiaodong Zhao,Peng Xiao,Zhen Chen","doi":"10.1038/s41377-026-02391-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-026-02391-6","url":null,"abstract":"High concentrations of particulate matter (PM) in cities intensify the urban heat island (UHI) effect by significantly altering the optical and thermophysical properties of the atmosphere. Although passive daytime radiative cooling technology (PDRC) offers a potential mitigation strategy, its performance under haze-polluted urban conditions remains largely unexplored. Here, we develop a general framework to model PDRC in the presence of haze pollution. Our analysis reveals that, due to the selective scattering of PM-which affects solar irradiation and infrared emission differently-the optimal photonic design for haze-polluted atmospheres should prioritize thermal emission within the atmospheric window while reducing emphasis on minimizing solar absorption. Guided by this principle, we optimized the thickness of a polydimethylsiloxane-based transparent thermal emitter by carefully balancing the tradeoff between solar absorption and thermal radiative emission. Experimental results highlight a critical shift: the performance advantage shifts from the thinner cooler under clear skies to the thicker design under haze-polluted conditions, which confirms our design strategy.","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148304891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Broadband opto-thermal camouflage and infrared encrypted communication via inverse design 基于反设计的宽带光热伪装和红外加密通信

Light-Science & Applications Pub Date : 2026-06-22 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-026-02370-x

Qixiang Chen, Chengcong Li, Zhuning Wang, Zezhao Ju, Jieren Song, Hongtao Lin, Huajie Tang, Chengyue Guo, Yaoguang Ma, Xun Cao, Dongliang Zhao

{"title":"Broadband opto-thermal camouflage and infrared encrypted communication via inverse design","authors":"Qixiang Chen, Chengcong Li, Zhuning Wang, Zezhao Ju, Jieren Song, Hongtao Lin, Huajie Tang, Chengyue Guo, Yaoguang Ma, Xun Cao, Dongliang Zhao","doi":"10.1038/s41377-026-02370-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-026-02370-x","url":null,"abstract":"Multispectral detection technologies spanning optical and thermal bands pose a severe threat to military camouflage while simultaneously unlocking new opportunities for covert communication. However, smart materials capable of both countering these threats and exploiting these bands for communication are still lacking. Here, using a Bayesian-optimization-based inverse-design strategy, we propose an opto-thermally decoupled photonic structure. It features broadband optical camouflage across the 0.38–2.5 μm range, encompassing the visible, near-infrared, and short-wave infrared bands (including the 1.55 μm laser wavelength), with a tunable structural-color palette that covers 66% of the CMYK gamut. Crucially, while these colors are independently tunable, the structure modulates radiance in the mid-wave infrared (MWIR) and long-wave infrared (LWIR) bands for dynamic thermal camouflage, achieving consistent MWIR/LWIR emissivity switching between 0.41 ± 0.04/0.90 ± 0.01 and 0.93 ± 0.03/0.45 ± 0.01 driven by the vanadium dioxide (VO₂) phase transition. Beyond camouflage, by precisely regulating the temperature, we exploit the differential MWIR/LWIR thermal signatures generated by the continuous phase evolution of VO₂ to encode information for infrared encrypted communication. We experimentally demonstrate the structure’s dual capabilities for broadband opto-thermal concealment and covert communication. This work integrates multispectral camouflage and covert communication within a single platform, offering a new design strategy for next-generation military smart materials.","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148290230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Machine learning-assisted highly efficient thermal management in function-oriented thermochromic smart windows 面向功能的热致变色智能窗中机器学习辅助的高效热管理

Light-Science & Applications Pub Date : 2026-06-22 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-026-02369-4

Zhengui Zhou, Changyuan Chen, Bin Li, Rong Liu, Shouqin Tian, Bin Hu, Yi Long

{"title":"Machine learning-assisted highly efficient thermal management in function-oriented thermochromic smart windows","authors":"Zhengui Zhou, Changyuan Chen, Bin Li, Rong Liu, Shouqin Tian, Bin Hu, Yi Long","doi":"10.1038/s41377-026-02369-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-026-02369-4","url":null,"abstract":"Windows contribute significantly to energy inefficiency in electric vehicles and buildings, and the development of smart windows with customized optical responses catering to various purposes presents a significant challenge. Vanadium dioxide (VO2) Fabry-Perot resonator has emerged as an effective device to modulate heat transfer passively to enhance energy-saving performance, with its efficacy highly limited by the complex interrelationship between the structure and multispectral selectivity. This study introduces a physics-guided neural network to design energy-efficient thermochromic smart windows for directional privacy protection (DPP). Guided by machine learning predictions, the VO2 nanoparticle size- and spacer-controlled DPP smart window exhibits a targeted luminous transmission (<0.15) with both high modulation of near-infrared transmittance of 0.12 and longwave infrared radiation emissivity of 0.56, surpassing both commercial and the best-reported windows. When applied in electric vehicles and building envelopes, the DPP smart window demonstrated superior thermal management compared to commercial counterparts. This work provides a framework for the inverse design of function-oriented smart windows, advancing energy-efficient solutions for real-world applications.","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148290232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

10−21-Level optical frequency dissemination over 2067 km of noise-loaded field-deployed fiber network 10−21级的光频率传播，超过2067公里的噪声负载现场部署光纤网络

Light-Science & Applications Pub Date : 2026-06-22 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-026-02299-1

Fa-Xi Chen, Li-Bo Li, Jiu-Peng Chen, Kan Zhao, Jian-Yu Guan, Yang Xu, Lei Hou, Fei Zhou, Cheng-Zhi Peng, Qiang Zhang, Hai-Feng Jiang, Jian-Wei Pan

{"title":"10−21-Level optical frequency dissemination over 2067 km of noise-loaded field-deployed fiber network","authors":"Fa-Xi Chen, Li-Bo Li, Jiu-Peng Chen, Kan Zhao, Jian-Yu Guan, Yang Xu, Lei Hou, Fei Zhou, Cheng-Zhi Peng, Qiang Zhang, Hai-Feng Jiang, Jian-Wei Pan","doi":"10.1038/s41377-026-02299-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-026-02299-1","url":null,"abstract":"Achieving ultra-stable optical frequency dissemination over long-haul fiber networks is essential for numerous applications. Although optical frequency transfer systems based on optical phase-locked loops (OPLLs) have achieved unprecedented stability levels, their performance is limited by continuous compensation bias caused by noise asymmetry from bidirectional frequency shifts and loss of lock in long-distance, high-noise links. Here, we propose a bias-free noise compensation method based on digital radio-frequency phase recording using a time-to-digital converter, which eliminates residual errors and offers a theoretically unlimited dynamic range for enhanced reliability. By incorporating multifunctional relay stations and hertz-level optical bandpass filtering to improve OPLL robustness, our scalable architecture achieves a frequency instability of (2.9times {10}^{-21}) at 1 day over a 2067 km field fiber link under extreme noise conditions (5000 ({mathrm{rad}}^{2},{mathrm{Hz}}^{-1},{mathrm{km}}^{-1}) at 1 Hz). Bias correction improves the instability by threefold and breaks through the theoretical limit of uncalibrated systems. The setup maintains continuous phase lock for over four days, and noise purification enables virtually unlimited link extension. This advance establishes a robust, field-deployable optical frequency network compatible with standard telecommunication infrastructure.","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148290231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Catch and relay: brighter near-infrared photoluminescence in lanthanide-based nanoparticles. 捕捉和中继：在镧系纳米颗粒中更亮的近红外光致发光。

Light-Science & Applications Pub Date : 2026-06-22 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-026-02384-5

Liyan Ming,Riccardo Marin

引用次数: 0

Dye-sensitized cascaded energy transfer for amplified 1525 nm luminescence in highly doped lanthanide nanoparticles 高掺杂镧系纳米颗粒中1525nm放大发光的染料敏化级联能量转移

Light-Science & Applications Pub Date : 2026-04-27 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-026-02302-9

Fei Long, Dechao Gan, Haoran Chen, Qiqing Li, Wang Wang, Zexuan Sui, Youlin Zhang, Dabing Li, Yulei Chang

{"title":"Dye-sensitized cascaded energy transfer for amplified 1525 nm luminescence in highly doped lanthanide nanoparticles","authors":"Fei Long, Dechao Gan, Haoran Chen, Qiqing Li, Wang Wang, Zexuan Sui, Youlin Zhang, Dabing Li, Yulei Chang","doi":"10.1038/s41377-026-02302-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-026-02302-9","url":null,"abstract":"Lanthanide-based probes for second near-infrared (NIR-II) luminescence imaging enable deep-tissue penetration with minimal autofluorescence. However, their broader application is hindered by intrinsic limitations such as low brightness and weak absorption. To address these, we developed a dye-sensitized construct, NaErF4@NaYF4:50%Yb@ICG. This design harnesses population dynamics in heavily doped Er3+ systems through a cascaded energy transfer process enabled by dual 808 nm excitation of both indocyanine green (ICG) and the Er3+-rich core—specifically, it harvests energy destined for nonradiative decay by inserting a Yb3+-mediated relay (ICG → Yb3+ → Er3+) into the original ICG → Er3+ pathway. This approach yields 1965-fold and 11-fold enhancements in 1525 nm downshifting emission compared to the corresponding core and counterpart, respectively. The resulting nanoprobe enables high-resolution NIR-IIb vascular imaging with a signal-to-background ratio of 3.09. These mechanistic insights and design principles inform the design of efficient NIR-II nanoprobes, demonstrating substantial potential for advancing vascular biology.","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147751808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Multifunctional fiber-optic theranostic probe for closed-loop tumor photothermal therapy 用于肿瘤闭环光热治疗的多功能光纤治疗探头

Light-Science & Applications Pub Date : 2026-04-27 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-026-02219-3

Zesen Li, Zhuoran Li, Zhongyuan Cheng, Claudia Borri, Ambra Giannetti, Ni Lan, Junqiu Long, Wenwei Chen, Xiangran Cai, Jingge Yang, Bai-Ou Guan, Francesco Chiavaioli, Yang Ran

{"title":"Multifunctional fiber-optic theranostic probe for closed-loop tumor photothermal therapy","authors":"Zesen Li, Zhuoran Li, Zhongyuan Cheng, Claudia Borri, Ambra Giannetti, Ni Lan, Junqiu Long, Wenwei Chen, Xiangran Cai, Jingge Yang, Bai-Ou Guan, Francesco Chiavaioli, Yang Ran","doi":"10.1038/s41377-026-02219-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-026-02219-3","url":null,"abstract":"The combination of optical fiber and phototheranostic agents has emerged as a promising strategy to address the challenges of limited light penetration depth and systemic toxicity of nanomaterials. However, the multiplexing potential of fiber-optic probes remains underrated, resulting in enlarged incisions, repeated invasive procedures, and a lack of real-time therapeutic feedback. Herein, we propose a scheme for single‑fiber multifunctional integration leveraging wavelength division multiplexing technology. As a proof-of-concept, by co-immobilizing pH indicator, temperature indicator, and photothermal agent with non-overlapped excitation bands onto tapered optical fiber surface, a fiber-optic theranostic probe enabling closed-loop tumor photothermal therapy was developed. Pre-treatment, the probe can achieve tumor edge identification through revealing the tumor pH gradient. Intra-treatment, the photothermal agent can convert optical energy into heat for photothermal therapy, while simultaneous temperature monitoring enables precise thermal dose control. Post-treatment, rapid efficacy assessment can be achieved via real-time monitoring of the reversal of acidic tumor microenvironment. Animal experiments validate the excellent therapeutic efficacy and biocompatibility of the probe. This research opens new avenues for multifunctional fiber-optic theranostic platforms, where modular wavelength assignment enables customizable minimally invasive interventions and feedback monitoring, holding significant promise for both clinical practice and mechanistic exploration.","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"100 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147751809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A hybrid-frequency programmable synthetic-dimension simulator with rich coupling on a single chip. 在单芯片上实现了一种多耦合的混合频率可编程综合尺寸模拟器。

Light-Science & Applications Pub Date : 2026-04-24 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-026-02309-2

Xiao-Dong Zeng,Zhao-An Wang,Jia-Ming Ren,Yi-Tao Wang,Chun Ao,Wei Liu,Nai-Jie Guo,Lin-Ke Xie,Jun-You Liu,Yu-Hang Ma,Ya-Qi Wu,Shuang Wang,Pei-Yun Li,Mu Yang,Jin-Shi Xu,Xi-Wang Luo,Jian-Shun Tang,Chuan-Feng Li,Guang-Can Guo

{"title":"A hybrid-frequency programmable synthetic-dimension simulator with rich coupling on a single chip.","authors":"Xiao-Dong Zeng,Zhao-An Wang,Jia-Ming Ren,Yi-Tao Wang,Chun Ao,Wei Liu,Nai-Jie Guo,Lin-Ke Xie,Jun-You Liu,Yu-Hang Ma,Ya-Qi Wu,Shuang Wang,Pei-Yun Li,Mu Yang,Jin-Shi Xu,Xi-Wang Luo,Jian-Shun Tang,Chuan-Feng Li,Guang-Can Guo","doi":"10.1038/s41377-026-02309-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-026-02309-2","url":null,"abstract":"High-performance photonic chips provide a powerful platform for analog computing, enabling the simulation of high-dimensional physical systems using low-dimensional devices with additional synthetic dimensions. The realization of large-scale complex simulations necessitates an architecture capable of rich coupling configurations (encompassing symmetric, asymmetric and long-range coupling schemes) which is also crucial for scaling up. Previous approaches rely on excessive physical components to introduce asymmetric coupling, however, are restricted in reconfiguring and scaling by the relatively complicated structures. Here, to solve this problem, we propose a hybrid-frequency synthetic-dimension simulator architecture that combines both intra-resonant and inter-resonant frequency-lattice sites, and experimentally demonstrate it using the thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN) photonic chip. Employing this hybrid programmable architecture, we are able to simulate both the regular and long-range coupled forms of diverse compound-lattice models, such as the Hall ladder, Creutz ladder (symmetric) and Su-Schrieffer-Heeger (SSH, asymmetric) model, on a single chip, simultaneously reducing the experimental requirements significantly. As results, the direct readout of the bandstructure of the SSH model is able to be achieved, to be distinguished from all previous works, and important phenomena such as spin-momentum locking, topological flat band and Aharonov-Bohm cage effect are also observed with lower experimental requirements. Furthermore, applications like piecewise-continuous optical frequency shifting can be enabled by cascading our devices. Our results offer promising insights for future large-scale complex on-chip simulators with rich couplings.","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147739145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0