{"title":"Untersuchungen zum Einfluss einer Mikroorganismen-Mischung als Fischmehlund Fischölalternative in Mastfutter für Speisefische – Vergleich von Regenbogenforelle (Oncorhynchus mykiss) und Zander (Sander lucioperca) aus deutscher Aquakultur","authors":"Michaela Schafberg, Prof. Dr. Sascha Rohn","doi":"10.1002/lemi.202552229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lemi.202552229","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Unter Berücksichtigung der Aspekte Umwelt- und Klimaschutz ist es im Besonderen wichtig, Rohstoffe für Futter- und Lebensmittel neu zu bewerten bzw. alternative Produktionssysteme und Rohstoffe zu entwickeln. Im Bereich von Fischfuttermitteln wird weit langem die Nutzung von Fischmehl und -öl, produziert entweder aus Beifang oder minderwertigen Aquakulturen, kontrovers diskutiert, da sie vorgenannten Aspekten entgegenstehen. Ein Teil des Ertrages des weltweiten Fischfangs mündet in der Herstellung von Fischmehl und -öl für die Futtermittelindustrie, wobei ein steigender Bedarf an Fischfuttermitteln einer konstanten bzw. sinkenden Produktion der genannten Inhaltsstoffe gegenübersteht. Aus Nachhaltigkeitsgründen ist die Fischfuttermittelindustrie bestrebt, den Anteil von Fischmehl und -öl in Alleinfuttermitteln für Fische, insbesondere durch pflanzliche Substitute zu reduzieren. Die Suche nach pflanzlichen Substituten war bisher nur teilweise erfolgreich, da die Endproduktqualität nicht gewährleistet ist (u.a. durch einen sehr geringen Anteil an hochungesättigten Fettsäuren - PUFA). PUFA und andere essentielle Nährstoffe, z.B. Carotinoide werden von marinen Fischen nicht selbst synthetisiert, sondern aus Primärproduzenten (Algen u.a. Phytoplankton) bzw. über Sekundärproduzenten (Zooplankton) aufgenommen.</p><p>Ein weiterer Ansatz, um eine Minimierung dieser Rohstoffe vornehmen zu können, wäre die effiziente und marktgerechte Herstellung von hochwertigen Fischfutterzusatzstoffen auf der Basis von Mikroorganismen (z.B. Hefen und Mikroalgen) zur Reduktion des Bedarfs von Fischmehl und -öl für eine nachhaltigere Aquakultur zur Zucht von ernährungsphysiologisch hochwertigen Fischen. Neben traditionellen PUFA-reichen Seefischen (z. B. Makrele, Hering, Sardine, Thunfisch, Lachs), besitzen PUFA-arme Binnenfische, wie Karpfen, Zander, Regenbogenforellen o.a., eine wichtige Bedeutung für die Humanernährung. Der PUFA-Gehalt der Binnenfische kann durch Zugabe über neue Fischfutter angereichert werden.</p><p>Mit der Entwicklung solcher, auf biotechnologischer Basis produzierten Ersatzstoffen, könnten innovative Fischfuttertrockenpräparate mit optimierter bioaktiver Wirkung hergestellt werden. Futtermittel- und Speisefischqualität müssen jedoch individuell bewertet werden. Besonders die Bedingungen der Futtermittelherstellung können das erarbeitete Inhaltsstoffprofil der einzelnen Rohstoffe wieder signifikant verändern.</p><p>Ziele dieser Arbeit waren die Entwicklung verschiedener Methoden zur Bewertung der Futtermittelqualität mikroorganismen-basierter alternativer Fischfutter und der Fischqualität, die Anwendung dieser Methoden für unterschiedliche erzeugte (gefütterte) Fische und die Untersuchung der Stabilität einzelner Inhaltsstoffe unter den Bedingungen der Fischfuttermittelherstellung.</p>","PeriodicalId":17952,"journal":{"name":"Lebensmittelchemie","volume":"79 S2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144323395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Development of a Bioprocess for Squalene Production in Thraustochytrids","authors":"Lina Schütte, Prof. em. Dr. Ralf G. Berger","doi":"10.1002/lemi.202552232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lemi.202552232","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Squalene is a natural triterpene that has many applications in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food industry. The current production of this natural substance is problematic, as deep sea sharks are hunted for its extraction from shark liver oil. Extraction from certain lipid-rich plants is possible, but requires large amounts of land, is seasonal and runs the risk of competing with food production. Therefore, this work deals with an alternative approach: The biotechnological squalene production by marine eukaryotes belonging to the thraustochytrid family.</p><p>Thraustochytrids are unicellular eukaryotes that occur in marine habitats and are able to produce large amounts of lipids and store them in their cells. The proportion of squalene in the total lipid depends heavily on the chosen cultivation conditions.</p><p>In this work, the influence of oxygen-limiting conditions on the growth and squalene productivity of the wild-type <i>Schizochytrium</i> sp. S31 was investigated. For this purpose, the organism was cultivated in shake flasks and in a bioreactor using different cultivation strategies. Respiratory activity was monitored in both cultivation systems by analysing the gas composition of the exhaust gas or the headspace in real time. During fed-batch cultivation under oxygen-limiting conditions, a squalene yield of 1.1 g/L was achieved.</p><p>With the aim of a more cost-effective biotechnological production of squalene and the development of a circular process, the second part of this work dealt with the use of potential side streams as medium substitutes. The complex nitrogen source of the cultivation medium used for thraustochytrids was successfully replaced by biomass from the cultivation of the basidiomycete <i>Pleurotus ostreatus</i>. An extract rich in nitrogen sources was produced from the fungal components, especially the fungal mycelium, by enzymatic hydrolysis. The clarified extract was then used to cultivate the thraustochytrid <i>Schizochytrium</i> sp. S31 and its influence on growth and squalene productivity was determined.</p><p>Overall, this work demonstrated the positive influence of oxygen-limiting conditions on the squalene productivity of a thraustochytrid in different cultivation systems. In addition, it was shown for the first time that residual biomass from the submerged cultivation of the basidiomycete <i>P. ostreatus</i> can replace media components in biotechnological squalene production.</p>","PeriodicalId":17952,"journal":{"name":"Lebensmittelchemie","volume":"79 S2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144323332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"In Silico-Supported Methods for Sustainable and Targeted Isolation of Natural Compounds from Side-Streams of Food Production","authors":"Mats Florian Kiene, Prof. Dr. Peter Winterhalter","doi":"10.1002/lemi.202552207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lemi.202552207","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The aim of this thesis was to develop resource-saving, sustainable and toxicologically harmless processes for the extraction of bioactive natural substances from side-streams of food production that are intended for use in dietary supplements, cosmetics or pharmaceuticals. The “Conductor-like Screening Model for Real Solvents” (COSMO-RS), based on thermodynamic calculations, is a suitable in silico model to minimize the necessary preliminary tests. Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents (NADES) are generally formed by mixing hydrogen bond acceptors (HBA) and hydrogen bond donors (HBD) and represent a promising alternative to conventional extraction with solvents, which are often toxicologically questionable, highly flammable, and environmentally harmful.</p><p>First this study analyzed the phytochemical composition of peanut hulls (<i>Arachis hypogaea</i>). As a result, the main compounds of an ethanolic peanut hull extract were first identified using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS). The targeted in silico-selection (COSMO-RS) of a suitable biphasic solvent system was then carried out to separate the main components of the extract using countercurrent chromatography (CCC). The chromatographic separation of the extract was performed by high-performance countercurrent chromatography (HPCCC) using the biphasic solvent system consisting of <i>n</i>-hexane/ethyl acetate/methanol/water, whereby three flavonoids could be isolated. The successful in silico-selection of a biphasic solvent system for the isolation of flavonoids from an ethanolic peanut hull extract using HPCCC was described for the first time. The identity and purity of three isolated flavonoids were analyzed using HPLC-ESI-MS/MS and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1D/2D-NMR).</p><p>Furthermore, in this thesis, the biphasic solvent system consisting of <i>n</i>-hexane/ethyl acetate/methanol/water (HEMWat) was selected as a suitable system for the separation of stilbenoids from an ethanolic grapevine extract using an in silico-supported selection method (COSMO-RS). Subsequently, two stilbenoids were isolated by HPCCC using the <i>offline heart-cut</i> technique. The identity and purity of the isolated stilbenoids were analyzed using HPLC-ESI-MS/MS and 1D/2D-NMR. In addition, a targeted extraction approach using NADES systems was applied to obtain a stilbenoid-containing extract from grapevine canes. For this purpose, an in silico-supported pre-selection (COSMO-RS) of customized NADES systems for the extraction of stilbenoids was made, which was described for the first time in this thesis. Several extraction methods were evaluated, and the ultrasonic-assisted extraction method was found to be the most promising due to its shorter extraction time. By using this method, an extraction yield comparable to that of conventional methods using ethanolic extractants was achieved.</p><p>This method of prior in silico-selection of NAD","PeriodicalId":17952,"journal":{"name":"Lebensmittelchemie","volume":"79 S2","pages":"S2-012-S2-014"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144323429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"NMR-based interaction studies of key aroma and taste active compounds and polymers in red wine\u0000 NMR-basierte Interaktionsstudien von Schlüsselaroma- und -geschmacksstoffen sowie Polymeren in Rotwein","authors":"Anna Gabler, Prof. Corinna Dawid","doi":"10.1002/lemi.202552245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lemi.202552245","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Wie beeinflussen die Polymere aus Rotwein dessen sensorische Wahrnehmung? Um diese Frage zu beantworten wurde ein analytischer Ansatz aus NMR-Studien und Humansensoriken entwickelt. Dabei wurden zuerst verschiedene Wechselwirkungsszenarien zwischen niedermolekularen, sensorisch aktiven Verbindungen und Polymeren identifiziert und anschließend durch chemische Kompositionsanalyse der komplexen Polymerfraktion auf molekularer Ebene charakterisiert. Die Ergebnisse können zukünftig dabei helfen, das Sensorikprofil von Rotwein gezielt zu verbessern.</p><p>How do the polymers in red wine influence its sensory perception? To answer this question, an analytical approach based on NMR studies and human sensory analysis was developed. First, different interaction scenarios between low-molecular-weight, sensory active compounds and polymers were identified and then characterized on a molecular level by chemical composition analysis of the complex polymer fraction. The results may help to improve the sensory profile of red wine in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":17952,"journal":{"name":"Lebensmittelchemie","volume":"79 S2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144323458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}