Landslides最新文献

{"title":"Enhancing debris flow simulation accuracy through high-resolution terrain information: a case study utilizing LS-RAPID and UAV-derived models","authors":"Namgyun Kim, Byonghee Jun","doi":"10.1007/s10346-024-02290-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-024-02290-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study focused on applying numerical simulations to assess damaged areas caused by debris flows, employing the LS-RAPID program while emphasizing the importance of terrain information. Terrain information used in the numerical simulation included a 1:5000 digital terrain map and a digital surface model using an unmanned aerial vehicle. Quantification of the amount of soil that collapsed from the road embankment slope, which is the source of the debris flow, facilitated the computation of the debris flow that closely resembled real-world conditions. In particular, incorporating the high-resolution digital surface model (DSM) with 3-cm topographic information resulted in an interpretation of the actual soil flow damage range that is similar to actual observations of the digital elevation model (DEM), which had 1-m grid topographic information. This difference arises from DSM as it reflects the information of low hills downstream. The range of damage changed as the direction of the debris flow changed because of the low hill. Many variables need adjustment for the accuracy of debris flow numerical simulation. However, the direction and range of flow vary greatly depending on topographic information, highlighting the necessity of applying high-resolution terrain information. The results of debris flow simulations with high-resolution terrain information are expected to improve accuracy and help prepare risk or damage maps.</p>","PeriodicalId":17938,"journal":{"name":"Landslides","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141259524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An investigation into the physical factors that control slow mass movements","authors":"Jonathan D. Paul, Bethany Beare, Zoe Brooks, Leonis Derguti, Rachita Sood","doi":"10.1007/s10346-024-02280-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-024-02280-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The behavior of slow mass movements like soil creep is well known to be governed by soil composition, slope, and cycles in temperature and rainfall. However, their magnitude and importance vary dramatically in often unpredictable ways, with important consequences for creep rate and infrastructure damage prediction. Here, we present long-term (2015–2022) creep measurements for four regions of the UK characterized by intense mass movement activity but different bedrock lithologies. We also obtained co-located temperature and precipitation time series over this period, as well as local measurements of slope and soil thickness and composition. Our goal was to deconvolve the relative importance of each observable on creep behavior. Our results imply that parent lithology governs first-order creep rates indirectly via hillslope repose angles and soil thickness and composition. Rates of ground movement on peat and sandstone soils are dictated by annual fluctuations in precipitation and temperature, respectively. By employing a simple error-minimizing regression routine, we demonstrate how creep rates can be predicted in these settings as a function of climatological observables. Over thinner limestone and thicker clay soils, however, our model fails: in these settings, we suggest that creep behavior is instead dominated by variations in regolith thickness, and slope and clay mineral content, respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":17938,"journal":{"name":"Landslides","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141259422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical simulation of potential impulse waves generated by the Mogu rock landslide at varying water levels in the Lianghekou Reservoir, China","authors":"Shizhuang Chen, Weiya Xu, Guike Zhang, Rubin Wang, Long Yan, Hailong Zhang, Huanling Wang","doi":"10.1007/s10346-024-02286-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-024-02286-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Reservoir impoundment and water level fluctuations often trigger landslides and their secondary disasters, such as potential impulse waves, posing a serious threat to the safety of people along the reservoir and dam areas, causing economic losses and even catastrophic consequences. This study delves into a comprehensive field investigation and monitoring of the engineering geological conditions and deformation mechanisms of the Mogu rock landslide. The impoundment is identified as the primary factor inducing slope deformation, with the cumulative displacement of the sliding body showing no signs of convergence, indicating potential instability. By coupling the elasto-visco-plasticity model and the RNG turbulence model in FLOW-3D, an actual impulse wave disaster near the Lianghekou reservoir dam area is replicated to validate the reliability of the numerical method. Building upon this, a three-dimensional model is established to calculate potential impulse waves generated by the Mogu rock landslide, and the risk to the dam is evaluated. Under different water level conditions, the simulated run-ups of impulse waves do not surpass the dam elevation, demonstrating a satisfactory safety margin. Given the inherent danger of landslide-induced wave disasters, continuous attention is warranted, and preventive measures and suggestions are proposed to address these concerns. Additionally, the study explores the contributions of water level fluctuations to the primary tsunami amplitude, the maximum run-up on the opposite bank and the dam, and the attenuation rate of the tsunami amplitude along the river channel. The results provide significant reference values for the early warning and prevention of comparable reservoir landslides and potential landslide-induced waves worldwide.</p>","PeriodicalId":17938,"journal":{"name":"Landslides","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141259282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of coupling physics–based model TRIGRS with random forest in rainfall-induced landslide-susceptibility assessment","authors":"Liu Yang, Yulong Cui, Chong Xu, Siyuan Ma","doi":"10.1007/s10346-024-02276-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-024-02276-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Most data-driven landslide-susceptibility assessment models heavily rely on statistical analyses based on geological and environmental similarity principles. These models often struggle to establish connections with landslide destruction processes and mechanisms effectively. In response to this challenge, this study introduces a hybrid approach that combines the transient rainfall infiltration, regional slope-stability physics–based model (TRIGRS) and the random forest (RF) model. Initially, to calculate the safety coefficients of the study area, the TRIGRS model was employed, and appropriate non-landslide samples were selected based on these coefficients. Subsequently, to enable learning and fitting of the nonlinear relationships between sample points and geological environmental factors, historical landslide data and safety coefficient-filtered non-landslide point data were input into the RF model, ultimately generating landslide probability values that represent the magnitude of landslide occurrences. The coupled model demonstrated excellent predictive performance using the landslides induced by the 2019 “Lekima” typhoon in Yongjia, Zhejiang Province, as a case study. The results indicated that the evaluation effect of the TRIGRS and RF coupled model was satisfactory, achieving an accuracy (ACC) rate of 77.6% and an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.873. Furthermore, the ACC and AUC of the TRIGRS and RF coupled model increased by 8.22% and 9.20%, respectively, compared with those of the traditional buffering sampling method. Therefore, the TRIGRS and RF coupled model better evaluates regional landslide susceptibility than the traditional buffering sampling method.</p>","PeriodicalId":17938,"journal":{"name":"Landslides","volume":"312 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141259279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of tectonic effects on the formation and characteristics of landslide dams on the NE Tibetan Plateau: a case study in the Bailong River Basin, China","authors":"Guan Chen, Jiacheng Jin, Xingmin Meng, Tianjun Qi, Wei Shi, Yan Chong, Yunpeng Yang, Shiqiang Bian","doi":"10.1007/s10346-024-02273-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-024-02273-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Hazards created by the landslide damming of rivers have become common in tectonically active mountainous areas. However, it remains unclear how tectonic effects may influence the formation and characteristics of landslide dams. The purpose of this paper is to explore how tectonic effects impact the drivers, geomorphic features, and activity characteristics of landslide dams along a fault zone. We investigated 83 landslide dams clustered along a fault zone in the Bailong River Basin. Most of the dams are located in areas of high tectonic stress, resulting from the rapid river incision and destruction of slope structure caused by intense tectonic activities in these areas. Statistical analysis, InSAR monitoring, and field investigation revealed that different tectonic effects were associated with significant differences in the geomorphic features, activity characteristics, and controlling factors of the landslide dams. Thus, we identified three distinct patterns of landslide dams in tectonically active mountainous areas: (1) Topography-driven landslide dams are caused by rapid rock uplift and river incision. Here, the steep terrain enhances the development of small landslides, the narrowness of the channels favors river damming, and the residual deposits on the hillslope remain active. (2) Tectonic activities promote the development of structural planes in the rock mass and reduce its strength, ultimately forming structural plane-controlled landslide dams. Although their volumes are not very large, the strong erosion resistance of rockslides can cause river damming and maintain the stability of deposits. (3) Fractured rock mass-controlled landslide dams are composed of broken rock and fault gouge. The extremely low strength of these materials allows them to form very large landslides that can easily dam the river, and maintain a slow-moving state. Through a geomorphological and geological model, our study offers new insights and enhances the understanding of the formation and characteristics of landslide dams induced by tectonic activity in mountainous regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":17938,"journal":{"name":"Landslides","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141259286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent rainfall-induced landslide disaster in Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India","authors":"Mahesh Sharma, Suvam Das, B. R. Thakur, Ankush, Arpit Sharma","doi":"10.1007/s10346-024-02285-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-024-02285-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17938,"journal":{"name":"Landslides","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141259285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Failure behaviors of rainfall-induced shallow landslides: insights from a novel large angle-adjustable plane shear apparatus","authors":"Jiren Xie, Jiaxun Chen, Kapila Ranjith Withanage, Taro Uchimura, Shifan Qiao, Bo Ruan, Tangzhe Gao, Dong Huang, Junfeng Tang, Kun Fang","doi":"10.1007/s10346-024-02271-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-024-02271-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Rainfall-induced shallow landslides can occur rapidly after intense or prolonged heavy rainfall, especially in mountainous areas. In this study, failure behaviors of rainfall-induced shallow landslides are investigated using a novel large angle-adjustable plane shear (LAPS) apparatus. Details on the conception, features, and setup of the LAPS apparatus are first illustrated. Two series of tests are conducted with varying slope angles and water intensities to demonstrate the test processes. The results of the LAPS tests are analyzed according to the changes in displacement behaviors and water contents, as well as predictions of slope failure. The results show that the behaviors of rainfall-induced landslides were clearly observed during the LAPS tests, exhibiting three distinct stages: initial deformation, constant speed deformation, and accelerated deformation, which are consistent with the phenomenon from field cases. Moreover, the switch points of water content from stable to rapid growth stages gradually advanced with an increase in water intensity. The velocity behaviors observed in these tests displayed two distinct patterns, with earlier turning points observed as the slope angle or rainfall intensity increased. The LAPS apparatus provides a new tool for studying the failure behaviors of rainfall-induced shallow landslides.</p>","PeriodicalId":17938,"journal":{"name":"Landslides","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141190563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An approach to assess hazards in the vicinity of mountain and volcanic areas","authors":"Andre Michel Pouth Nkoma, Jorelle Larissa Meli’i, Marthe Mbond Ariane Gweth, Blaise Pascal Gounou Pokam, Michel Constant Njock, William Assatse Teikeu, Ibrahim Mbouombouo Ngapouth, Yvonne Poufone Koffi, Richie Kevin Wouako Wouako, Philippe Njandjock Nouck","doi":"10.1007/s10346-024-02278-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-024-02278-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Landslide, lahars and lava flow will remain a major concern for many people, until governments and scientists have fully mastered these sometimes devastating phenomena occurring in a vicinity of the volcanoes and mountains. Knowing some of their properties is therefore a challenge for scientists around the world, with a view to define and guarantee harmonious and sustainable living spaces. The association of the DOWNFLOW and FLOWGO methods and the use of the remote sensing and field data, integration and destruction indices have allowed in this work to map the directions of flows and the areas at risk of landslides, together with the thermorheological parameters of any lava. The combination of all these results produces a synthetic map of the level of risk on a mountain and shows where the surrounding populations and their activities can exist peacefully and sustainably. This study has made it possible to forecast the multi-hazard risk assessment on a mountain combining methods that are generally used separately. The originality of the method lies in the fact that it can be used with most GISs (Geographic Information Systems), making attempts to forecast risks less costly when the data used are free.</p>","PeriodicalId":17938,"journal":{"name":"Landslides","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141190726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the 2010 rock avalanche onto the regenerated glacier Brenndalsbreen, Norway","authors":"Siri H. Engen, Marthe Gjerde, Thomas Scheiber, Gernot Seier, Hallgeir Elvehøy, Jakob Abermann, Atle Nesje, Stefan Winkler, Kristine F. Haualand, Denise C. Rüther, Alexander Maschler, Benjamin A. Robson, Jacob C. Yde","doi":"10.1007/s10346-024-02275-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-024-02275-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Rock avalanches onto glaciers are rare in Norway. Here, we examine a rock avalanche that spread onto the regenerated Brenndalsbreen, an outlet glacier from Jostedalsbreen ice cap. The rock avalanche is intriguing in that limited information exists with respect to the exact time of failure, location of detachment area, and preparatory and triggering processes. Based on an analysis of ice stratigraphy and photographic documentation, we assess that the event happened between mid-March and June 4, 2010. A potential triggering factor could have been heavy snow and rainfall combined with above freezing air temperatures on March 18–19, 2010. We use digital terrain models to determine that the detachment area is at an almost vertical rock slope in a narrow gorge above Lower Brenndalsbreen. The deposit volume is estimated to 0.130 ± 0.065 Mm³, and the <i>H</i>/<i>L</i> ratio and fahrböschung are 0.45 and 24°, respectively. We apply a Voellmy flow model to confirm the detachment location and volume estimate by producing realistic runout lengths. Although glacial debuttressing may have been a likely preparatory process, the detachment area was exposed for 45–70 years before the rock avalanche occurred. The supraglacial rock avalanche debris was separated into two branches with a distinct melt-out line across the glacier. The debris reached the glacier front in 2019 and 2020, where it started being deposited proglacially while Lower Brenndalsbreen kept receding. The 2010 Brenndalsbreen rock avalanche may not be a unique event, as deposits constituting evidence of an old rock avalanche are currently melting out at the glacier front.</p>","PeriodicalId":17938,"journal":{"name":"Landslides","volume":"2017 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141190807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential of synthetic images in landslide segmentation in data-poor scenario: a framework combining GAN and transformer models","authors":"Xiao Feng, Juan Du, Minghua Wu, Bo Chai, Fasheng Miao, Yang Wang","doi":"10.1007/s10346-024-02274-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-024-02274-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Accurate landslide segmentation from remote sensing data is pivotal for efficient emergency response and risk management. In recent years, data-driven deep learning approaches have emerged as a significant area of focus in this domain. However, the limited availability of landslide data often restricts the effectiveness of these approaches. This study introduces the StyleGAN2-transformer framework for landslide segmentation, utilizing generative adversarial networks (GANs) for the first time to create synthetic, high-quality landslide images to address the data scarcity issue that undermines landslide segmentation model performance. Two datasets were developed: one containing a limited set of real landslide images and the other supplemented with synthetic landslide images generated by StyleGAN2. These datasets facilitated comparative experiments to quantitatively assess the impact of synthetic data on the performance of both convolutional neural network (CNN) and transformer series models, employing a suite of metrics for thorough evaluation. The findings indicate that adding synthetic landslide images from StyleGAN2 improves the overall accuracy of most landslide segmentation models significantly, achieving more than a 10% increase. Moreover, integrating StyleGAN2 with transformer models presents an optimized approach, as transformer models surpass CNN models in accuracy when adequate training data are available. Finally, the results also confirm that the StyleGAN2-transformer framework exhibits strong generalizability in a variety of scenarios.</p>","PeriodicalId":17938,"journal":{"name":"Landslides","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141166851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}